Kritika Rai, K. Prasad, P. Sagar, Roopa S. Rao, C. H. Vanishri, M. Gowri
Background: Podoplanin is a mucin-like transmembrane glycoprotein that been highly and specifically expressed in the lymphatic endothelial cells, but not in the endothelium of blood vessels. Studies have shown that podoplanin expression in tumor cells including those of squamous cell carcinomas and a relationship with the clinicopathological features. This raises a possibility that podoplanin might have a biological function in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its expression could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and histopathology reports of 50 cases of OSCC were used in this study. These were evaluated immunohistochemically for the expression of podoplanin using D2-40, a monoclonal antibody. The association between podoplanin expression and tumor site, size and degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis was analyzed. Results: In this study, we observed that podoplanin was highly expressed in OSCC, but we found no significant association between podoplanin expression and clinicopathological characteristics and survival. Conclusion: The role of podoplanin as a marker for lymph node metastasis is questionable. To determine the role of podoplanin as a prognostic marker, further prospective studies are required with a longer follow-up period. Further studies using a combination of markers are required to predict tumor invasiveness and occult metastasis in OSCC.
{"title":"Expression of podoplanin in predicting the biological behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma – A clinicopathological correlation","authors":"Kritika Rai, K. Prasad, P. Sagar, Roopa S. Rao, C. H. Vanishri, M. Gowri","doi":"10.15713/ins.jcri.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.jcri.284","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Podoplanin is a mucin-like transmembrane glycoprotein that been highly and specifically expressed in the lymphatic endothelial cells, but not in the endothelium of blood vessels. Studies have shown that podoplanin expression in tumor cells including those of squamous cell carcinomas and a relationship with the clinicopathological features. This raises a possibility that podoplanin might have a biological function in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its expression could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and histopathology reports of 50 cases of OSCC were used in this study. These were evaluated immunohistochemically for the expression of podoplanin using D2-40, a monoclonal antibody. The association between podoplanin expression and tumor site, size and degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and prognosis was analyzed. Results: In this study, we observed that podoplanin was highly expressed in OSCC, but we found no significant association between podoplanin expression and clinicopathological characteristics and survival. Conclusion: The role of podoplanin as a marker for lymph node metastasis is questionable. To determine the role of podoplanin as a prognostic marker, further prospective studies are required with a longer follow-up period. Further studies using a combination of markers are required to predict tumor invasiveness and occult metastasis in OSCC.","PeriodicalId":14943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85642852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) occurs due to defect during the developmental stages of tooth. The prevalence of MIH is reported to vary between 2.4% and 40.2%. Studies on MIH in Jaipur city are not available till date. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of MIH among primary schoolchildren of three villages of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out in three government primary schools of Gunawata, Toda Meena, and Basna villages under school dental camp program of Jaipur Dental College. A total of 430 children age between 6 and 9 years were examined and MIH was found in 18 children. Among the affected children, there were 12 girls and 6 boys. Conclusion: The prevalence of MIH among primary schoolchildren of three villages of Jaipur city was 4.19% without gender predilection.
{"title":"Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization among primary schoolchildren of three villages of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India","authors":"Pheiroijam Herojit Singh, M. Bhat","doi":"10.15713/ins.jcri.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.jcri.277","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) occurs due to defect during the developmental stages of tooth. The prevalence of MIH is reported to vary between 2.4% and 40.2%. Studies on MIH in Jaipur city are not available till date. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of MIH among primary schoolchildren of three villages of Jaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out in three government primary schools of Gunawata, Toda Meena, and Basna villages under school dental camp program of Jaipur Dental College. A total of 430 children age between 6 and 9 years were examined and MIH was found in 18 children. Among the affected children, there were 12 girls and 6 boys. Conclusion: The prevalence of MIH among primary schoolchildren of three villages of Jaipur city was 4.19% without gender predilection.","PeriodicalId":14943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87595486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumita Banerjee, S. Mukherjee, D. Nandini, N. Sanjeeta, P. Devi, Pallav Singhal
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, commonly known as EMT, plays the dominant role in the developmental process, wound repair and tissue regeneration, and metastasis. EMT is classified into Type I, Type II, and Type III based on the molecular pathway it affects. Various molecular players such as transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines play a significant role in the transition from epithelial cell type to mesenchymal cell type by change in the cell surface markers as well as the physiological changes such as increased mobility and invasiveness of the altered cell. In orofacial development, EMT plays a crucial role in organogenesis such as salivary gland development and tooth development. It is also contributory to palatogenesis.
{"title":"Role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition in orofacial development - An insight","authors":"Sumita Banerjee, S. Mukherjee, D. Nandini, N. Sanjeeta, P. Devi, Pallav Singhal","doi":"10.15713/ins.jcri.266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.jcri.266","url":null,"abstract":"Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, commonly known as EMT, plays the dominant role in the developmental process, wound repair and tissue regeneration, and metastasis. EMT is classified into Type I, Type II, and Type III based on the molecular pathway it affects. Various molecular players such as transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines play a significant role in the transition from epithelial cell type to mesenchymal cell type by change in the cell surface markers as well as the physiological changes such as increased mobility and invasiveness of the altered cell. In orofacial development, EMT plays a crucial role in organogenesis such as salivary gland development and tooth development. It is also contributory to palatogenesis.","PeriodicalId":14943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86855215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pai, Krishna Gopan, K. Ramachandra, Smitha B. Gujjar, K. Karthik
To achieve a successful prosthesis, it is important to achieve harmony between the maxillomandibular relationships. This does not pertain only to the opening or closing but is a complex relationship which exists in three dimensions. Hence, it is very important to record this relationship with the least possible error to obtain a successful prosthesis. To record this maxillomandibular relationship, numerous materials are in use and what matters are the precision of the recording materials and their stability. This article seeks to present a review of major bite registration materials and their modification as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
{"title":"Interocclusal recording materials: A review","authors":"S. Pai, Krishna Gopan, K. Ramachandra, Smitha B. Gujjar, K. Karthik","doi":"10.15713/ins.jcri.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.jcri.251","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve a successful prosthesis, it is important to achieve harmony between the maxillomandibular relationships. This does not pertain only to the opening or closing but is a complex relationship which exists in three dimensions. Hence, it is very important to record this relationship with the least possible error to obtain a successful prosthesis. To record this maxillomandibular relationship, numerous materials are in use and what matters are the precision of the recording materials and their stability. This article seeks to present a review of major bite registration materials and their modification as well as their advantages and disadvantages.","PeriodicalId":14943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87243053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adriana Cristina Zavanelli, dos Santos Neto Otavio Marino, Moraes Dalete Samylle Ferreira, de Alexande Rodrigo Sversut, Zavanelli Ricardo Alexandre, Mazaro Jose Vitor Quinelli
The present case report describes the use of digital smile design for a clinical trial execution, involving periodontal and restorative procedures and preservation with microveneers. This approach allows for more enamel preservation and, as a consequence, more predictable bonding, biomechanics, and esthetics. Such results improve harmonic esthetic appearance based on predictable procedures. At the end of the treatment, a stabilizing plate was installed for the protection of the microveneers and the elements. The patient was very satisfied with the new smile, as the treatment considered personal wishes regarding the shape, size, alignment, and contour, also considering the control of bruxism with the use of a stabilizing plate.
{"title":"Microveneers and digital smile designer: Planning for a patient with bruxism: A 1-year follow-up","authors":"Adriana Cristina Zavanelli, dos Santos Neto Otavio Marino, Moraes Dalete Samylle Ferreira, de Alexande Rodrigo Sversut, Zavanelli Ricardo Alexandre, Mazaro Jose Vitor Quinelli","doi":"10.15713/ins.jcri.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.jcri.269","url":null,"abstract":"The present case report describes the use of digital smile design for a clinical trial execution, involving periodontal and restorative procedures and preservation with microveneers. This approach allows for more enamel preservation and, as a consequence, more predictable bonding, biomechanics, and esthetics. Such results improve harmonic esthetic appearance based on predictable procedures. At the end of the treatment, a stabilizing plate was installed for the protection of the microveneers and the elements. The patient was very satisfied with the new smile, as the treatment considered personal wishes regarding the shape, size, alignment, and contour, also considering the control of bruxism with the use of a stabilizing plate.","PeriodicalId":14943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78521170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pai, Shruti R. Poojari, K. Ramachandra, Rajanna Kv Patel, M. Jyothi
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most intricate and complicated loading joints found in humans. TMJ is also called the mandibular joint; it is an ellipsoid variety of the left and right synovial joints which form a bicondylar articulation. The components of this joint are a fibrous capsule, a disk, synovial membrane, fluid, and tough adjacent ligaments. The mandible and the cranium are mechanically two different components; therefore, the appropriate term for this joint is the craniomandibular articulation. It is not possible to understand the accurate points of occlusion without a thorough knowledge of the biomechanics, physiology, and anatomy of TMJ. The primary necessity for successful occlusal treatment is steady and comfortable TMJ. This understanding of the TMJ is the foundation to diagnosis and treatment of almost everything a dentist does.
{"title":"Temporomandibular joint - An anatomical view","authors":"S. Pai, Shruti R. Poojari, K. Ramachandra, Rajanna Kv Patel, M. Jyothi","doi":"10.15713/INS.JCRI.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/INS.JCRI.247","url":null,"abstract":"Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most intricate and complicated loading joints found in humans. TMJ is also called the mandibular joint; it is an ellipsoid variety of the left and right synovial joints which form a bicondylar articulation. The components of this joint are a fibrous capsule, a disk, synovial membrane, fluid, and tough adjacent ligaments. The mandible and the cranium are mechanically two different components; therefore, the appropriate term for this joint is the craniomandibular articulation. It is not possible to understand the accurate points of occlusion without a thorough knowledge of the biomechanics, physiology, and anatomy of TMJ. The primary necessity for successful occlusal treatment is steady and comfortable TMJ. This understanding of the TMJ is the foundation to diagnosis and treatment of almost everything a dentist does.","PeriodicalId":14943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73991096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Odontogenic keratocyst (O) is the second most common odontogenic cyst in the oral cavity accounting for 10% of all cysts. Controversies regarding its tumor-like behavior, recurrences, and management have been the reason for this cyst to be exclusive unlike any other odontogenic cyst. In recent literature, the once named keratocystic odontogenic tumor has again been renamed as OKC, thus establishing it as a cyst with an aggressive behavior. In this article, we describe the conservative and radical treatment options for this tumor-like cyst.
{"title":"Updates in the surgical management of odontogenic keratocyst","authors":"P. Belgal, Bahnishikha Pathak, L. Shastry","doi":"10.15713/ins.jcri.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.jcri.273","url":null,"abstract":"Odontogenic keratocyst (O) is the second most common odontogenic cyst in the oral cavity accounting for 10% of all cysts. Controversies regarding its tumor-like behavior, recurrences, and management have been the reason for this cyst to be exclusive unlike any other odontogenic cyst. In recent literature, the once named keratocystic odontogenic tumor has again been renamed as OKC, thus establishing it as a cyst with an aggressive behavior. In this article, we describe the conservative and radical treatment options for this tumor-like cyst.","PeriodicalId":14943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74172806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several systemic diseases and conditions, allergic reactions to various agents, and psychological stress manifest in different ways on the gingiva. Desquamative gingivitis is one such condition that presents as erythema, ulcerations, or erosions on the gingiva and may be indicative of a bigger underlying condition/disease. While examining the oral cavity, we often forget that it is an integral part of the rest of the body, the oral mucosa, particularly the gingiva, is the site where several systemic diseases and conditions manifest. This review paper attempts to throw light on the various conditions and diseases manifesting as desquamative gingivitis, the importance of clinical examination, and proper history recording, along with relevant histopathological and immunological investigations. It also looks into the different modalities of management and treatment of desquamative gingivitis.
{"title":"Desquamative gingivitis: Does the gingiva tell you more than what meets the eye? A comprehensive review","authors":"G. Paul","doi":"10.15713/ins.jcri.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/ins.jcri.258","url":null,"abstract":"Several systemic diseases and conditions, allergic reactions to various agents, and psychological stress manifest in different ways on the gingiva. Desquamative gingivitis is one such condition that presents as erythema, ulcerations, or erosions on the gingiva and may be indicative of a bigger underlying condition/disease. While examining the oral cavity, we often forget that it is an integral part of the rest of the body, the oral mucosa, particularly the gingiva, is the site where several systemic diseases and conditions manifest. This review paper attempts to throw light on the various conditions and diseases manifesting as desquamative gingivitis, the importance of clinical examination, and proper history recording, along with relevant histopathological and immunological investigations. It also looks into the different modalities of management and treatment of desquamative gingivitis.","PeriodicalId":14943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights","volume":"306 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78256690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Odontogenic tumors are the diverse group comprising benign and malignant neoplasms to hamartomatous lesions. There has been a constant change in the classification systems ever since Broca’s classified in the year 1867. Later, the WHO classified these odontogenic tumors in the year 1971. In these classification systems, there were omissions and updating of lesions by the WHO. This dynamic change in the classification systems is based on the results and conclusions of molecular and genetic studies carried out at various research institutes across the globe. In this context, the WHO has recently reclassified the odontogenic tumors in 2017. In this classification, Keratocystic odontogenic tumor and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor have been omitted from odontogenic tumors, and they are reclassified as odontogenic cysts. Another major change in the classification of odontogenic tumors is a reclassification of desmoplastic ameloblastoma as a histologic subtype of conventional/solid ameloblastoma, rather than a distinct entity or a type of ameloblastoma. Newer entities have been added to the classification systems, namely Primordial odontogenic tumor and sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma. The WHO 2017 classification has simplified odontogenic sarcomas entitling them as only odontogenic sarcomas rather than subtyping them. Understanding the pathogenesis and the histopathological characteristics of the newer entities will enable the prompt diagnosis and treatment plan of the lesions.
{"title":"Evolution of classification systems of odontogenic tumors: An enigma","authors":"S. Nandan","doi":"10.15713/INS.JCRI.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/INS.JCRI.201","url":null,"abstract":"Odontogenic tumors are the diverse group comprising benign and malignant neoplasms to hamartomatous lesions. There has been a constant change in the classification systems ever since Broca’s classified in the year 1867. Later, the WHO classified these odontogenic tumors in the year 1971. In these classification systems, there were omissions and updating of lesions by the WHO. This dynamic change in the classification systems is based on the results and conclusions of molecular and genetic studies carried out at various research institutes across the globe. In this context, the WHO has recently reclassified the odontogenic tumors in 2017. In this classification, Keratocystic odontogenic tumor and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor have been omitted from odontogenic tumors, and they are reclassified as odontogenic cysts. Another major change in the classification of odontogenic tumors is a reclassification of desmoplastic ameloblastoma as a histologic subtype of conventional/solid ameloblastoma, rather than a distinct entity or a type of ameloblastoma. Newer entities have been added to the classification systems, namely Primordial odontogenic tumor and sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma. The WHO 2017 classification has simplified odontogenic sarcomas entitling them as only odontogenic sarcomas rather than subtyping them. Understanding the pathogenesis and the histopathological characteristics of the newer entities will enable the prompt diagnosis and treatment plan of the lesions.","PeriodicalId":14943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights","volume":"121 1","pages":"24-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74524565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. David, L. Soujanya, B. Ramnarayan, K. Alekhya, L. K. Suprith, Garima Karayat
Tongue is a vital organ within the oral cavity that has varied function, and it may act as an index for underlying systemic diseases. The investigation of tongue disease may begin with mere clinical examination and extend to the use of few specialized tests. This article is an attempt to highlight the special investigations of tongue lesions with emphasis on clinical examination.
{"title":"Investigations for diseases of the tongue: A review","authors":"C. David, L. Soujanya, B. Ramnarayan, K. Alekhya, L. K. Suprith, Garima Karayat","doi":"10.15713/INS.JCRI.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15713/INS.JCRI.217","url":null,"abstract":"Tongue is a vital organ within the oral cavity that has varied function, and it may act as an index for underlying systemic diseases. The investigation of tongue disease may begin with mere clinical examination and extend to the use of few specialized tests. This article is an attempt to highlight the special investigations of tongue lesions with emphasis on clinical examination.","PeriodicalId":14943,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights","volume":"117 1","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79802890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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