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Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste Using UASB Sludge from a Poultry Slaughterhouse as Inoculum 以家禽屠宰场UASB污泥为接种物厌氧消化食物垃圾
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6256/2017.07.007
Bruna Patrícia de Oliveira, Luísa Helena dos Santos Oliveira, G. Martins
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引用次数: 1
Insect Diapause: A Review 昆虫滞育研究进展
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6256/2017.07.002
H. Gill, G. Goyal, G. S. Chahil
Diapause is defined as a period of suspended development in insects and other invertebrates during unfavorable environmental conditions. Diapause is commonly confused with term “quiescence” as both are dormant development stages. Here this paper aimed to review the research work done on different aspects of diapause. Attempt was made to explain definitions of diapause, incidence, stages and termination of diapause, genetic control, factors affecting diapauses, including temperature, photoperiod, moisture and food, etc..
滞育被定义为昆虫和其他无脊椎动物在不利环境条件下暂停发育的一段时间。滞育通常与“静止”相混淆,因为两者都是休眠的发育阶段。本文综述了国内外在滞育方面的研究进展。对滞育的定义、滞育的发生、阶段和终止、遗传控制、影响滞育的因素,包括温度、光周期、水分和食物等进行了阐述。
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引用次数: 54
Using Contrasts in One-Way Analysis of Variance with Control Groups and an Application 在对照组的单向方差分析中使用对比及其应用
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6256/2017.07.003
Demet Çanga, C. Efe
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引用次数: 2
Lesser Kestrel Foraging Habitats in Special Protection Areas in Agro-ecosystems 农业生态系统特殊保护区小红隼觅食生境研究
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6256/2017.07.004
Antonia Galanaki, T. Kominos, Martin J. Jones
The European Union (EU) Wild Birds Directive recognises that the most serious threats to wild birds’ conservation in Europe are habitat loss and degradation, and hence, habitats of threatened and migratory species must be protected with the establishment of the network of the special protection areas (SPAs) for migratory and endangered bird species in the EU member states. The major European population of the lesser kestrel Falco naumanni, a migratory falcon listed in Annex I of the Birds Directive, occurs in low-input farming systems in the Mediterranean basin, including Greece. The aim of this study was to identify foraging habitats of lesser kestrels and relate them to the delimited SPAs in the agro-ecosystems of Greece, where the stronghold of the species population for Greece occurs. Foraging habitat preferences were assessed using Poisson regression models (PRMs). SPAs were examined on whether they can effectively protect foraging habitats for breeding lesser kestrels in the study area. Foraging lesser kestrel abundance was positively associated with grasslands and non-irrigated land (dry cereals), and negatively associated with irrigated land (wet cotton), scrubland and woodland. Electricity facilities were used as foraging perches by lesser kestrels. The current SPAs cover a small percentage of the species’ foraging sites and cannot be considered coherent enough to support and protect the foraging habitats of lesser kestrels and other priority species in the agro-ecosystems of the study area. Proposals for effective conservation of low-input farming systems, supporting priority species, are also presented.
欧洲联盟(欧盟)野生鸟类指令认识到,对欧洲野生鸟类保护的最严重威胁是栖息地的丧失和退化,因此,必须通过在欧盟成员国建立迁徙和濒危鸟类特别保护区网络来保护受威胁物种和迁徙物种的栖息地。小红隼(Falco naumanni)是鸟类指令附件一中列出的一种候鸟,主要分布在地中海盆地(包括希腊)的低投入农业系统中。本研究的目的是确定小红隼的觅食栖息地,并将它们与希腊农业生态系统中划定的spa联系起来,那里是希腊物种种群的据点。利用泊松回归模型(Poisson regression model, PRMs)评估了觅食生境偏好。研究了在研究区内设置spa是否能有效地保护小红隼的觅食栖息地。采食小红隼丰度与草地和非灌溉地(干谷物)呈正相关,与灌溉地(湿棉花)、灌溉地和林地呈负相关。电设施被小红隼用作觅食的栖地。目前的保护区只覆盖了物种觅食地的一小部分,不足以支持和保护研究区农业生态系统中小红隼和其他优先物种的觅食栖息地。本文还提出了有效保护低投入农业系统和支持重点物种的建议。
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引用次数: 2
Genome Sequence and Genetic Diversity Studies of Melon 甜瓜基因组序列与遗传多样性研究
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6256/2017.07.001
M. Zarid
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引用次数: 2
Evaluation of Performance and Potential Development of Local Sheep in Kaliangkrik District Kaliangkrik地区地方绵羊生产性能评价及发展潜力
Pub Date : 2017-07-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6256/2017.07.006
N. Rasminati, S. Utomo
: This study aimed to evaluate the performance and potential of development local sheep in sub-district Kaliangkrik. Respondents were taken from sheep farmers in the village Munggangsari and Wonocoyo with the number of livestock ownership of at least two tails. This study used a survey method, with sampling of respondents in the census. The results showed the average number of sheep ownership as much as 0.47 animal units (AU) with a range of 0.14 AU to 1.15 AU. The largest population structure is lamb (25.66%), ewe (23.03%), ram (18.61%), ram lamb (16.92%) and ewe lamb (15.79%). Sex ratio of ram: ewe is 1:1.5 for adult sheep and 1:1.2 for lambs. Weight of ram is 26.75 kg and ewes 26.37 kg; weight of male lamb is 8.42 kg, with average daily gain (ADG) 48.11 g/head/day, while the female lamb 6.61 kg with ADG 44.13 g/head/day. The average sheep lambing interval was 8.4 months, with an average litter size of 1.3 tails. Based on the calculation of the adequacy of feed, the obtained level of sufficiency (feed production ratio and feed requirement) is 1.89, which means the area has adequate feed production. It was concluded that sheep productivity was good enough and potentially to be developed in Kaliangkrik region.
本研究旨在评价加良日克街道当地绵羊的生产性能和发展潜力。受访者来自mungangsari村和Wonocoyo村的牧羊户,他们拥有至少两条尾巴的牲畜数量。本研究采用调查法,在人口普查中对受访者进行抽样调查。结果表明,平均绵羊拥有量为0.47个动物单位(AU),范围为0.14 ~ 1.15个。种群结构最大的是羔羊(25.66%)、母羊(23.03%)、公羊(18.61%)、公羊(16.92%)和母羊(15.79%)。公羊与母羊的性别比为成年羊1:1.5,羔羊1:1.2。公羊体重26.75公斤,母羊26.37公斤;公羊羔体重8.42 kg,平均日增重48.11 g/头/天;母羊羔体重6.61 kg,平均日增重44.13 g/头/天。平均产羔间隔8.4个月,平均产仔数1.3尾。通过对饲料充足性的计算,得到的饲料充足性水平(饲料生产比和饲料需要量)为1.89,说明该地区饲料生产充足。结果表明,该地区绵羊生产能力较好,具有开发潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Antimicrobial Activity of Seeds and Leaves of Myristica fragrans against Multi-resistant Microorganisms 香肉豆蔻种子和叶片对多重耐药微生物的抑菌活性研究
Pub Date : 2017-05-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6256/2017.05.002
T. Thileepan, V. Thevanesam, S. Kathirgamanathar
Myristica fragrans, known as nutmeg, is used in food applications. In traditional medicines, the seeds and leaves are used to treat skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. Limited antibacterial activity has been reported for this plant. The present study aimed to screen the decoction and methanolic extracts of the seeds and leaves of M. fragrans against Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571, five strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 10662, Escherichia coli NCTC 10418, as well as essential oils from both parts against a panel of resistant bacteria and Candida spp. in order to identify potential antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using well (well diameter: 12 mm) and disc diffusion methods (disc diameter: 6 mm). The decoction and methanolic extract of leaves and methanolic extract of seeds of M. fragrans showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus and all five MRSA strains with zones of inhibition (ZOI) = 16.0 ± 0.0 mm to 19.0 ± 0.0 mm. The decoction and methanolic extract of both parts did not show inhibitory activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. However, both essential oils showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus and the five MRSA strains, as well as E. coli (ZOI = 9-15 mm). The essential oils from seed showed activity against all tested multi-resistant bacteria (ZOI = 7-12 mm). The essential oils from leaves showed activity against Klebsiella pnemoniae, Acinetobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae and group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus (ZOI = 8-12 mm). The essential oils showed inhibitory activity against all tested Candida species (ZOI = 8-15 mm). The decoction, methanolic extract and essential oils of leaves have potential activity against sensitive and resistant S. aureus. This is the first report of inhibition of multi-resistant bacteria and Candida spp. by the essential oils of leaves and seeds of M. fragrans which could be utilized for pharmaceutical applications.
肉豆蔻,俗称肉豆蔻,用于食品应用。在传统医学中,种子和叶子被用来治疗皮肤、呼吸和胃肠道疾病。据报道,这种植物的抗菌活性有限。本研究旨在筛选香桐种子和叶子的煎剂和甲醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌NCTC 6571、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA) 5株、铜绿假单胞菌NCTC 10662、大肠杆菌NCTC 10418的抑制作用,以及两部分精油对耐药菌组和念珠菌的抑制作用,以确定其抑菌活性。采用孔(孔直径:12 mm)和圆盘扩散法(圆盘直径:6 mm)评价抗菌活性。红花叶提取物和种子提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和5株MRSA均有抑制作用,抑制区(ZOI)为16.0±0.0 mm ~ 19.0±0.0 mm。两部分煎液和甲醇提取物对大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌均无抑制作用。然而,这两种精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和5种MRSA菌株以及大肠杆菌(ZOI = 9-15 mm)都有抑制活性。种子精油对多种耐药菌(ZOI = 7 ~ 12 mm)均有抑制作用。叶精油对肺炎克雷伯菌、不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌和A群溶血链球菌(ZOI = 8 ~ 12 mm)均有抑制作用。精油对所有被试念珠菌(ZOI = 8 ~ 15 mm)均有抑制作用。其煎剂、醇提物和精油对敏感和耐药金黄色葡萄球菌具有潜在的抗氧化活性。本文首次报道了香薷叶和种子精油对多重耐药菌和念珠菌的抑制作用,并将其应用于药学研究。
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引用次数: 3
New records of culicidae species with medical importance in the state of Paraíba, Brazil 巴西Paraíba州具有医学意义的库蚊科新记录
Pub Date : 2017-05-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6256/2017.05.009
A. O. Aragão, H. Monteiro, E. B. Beserra
This paper aimed to investigate the Culicidae fauna in the state of Paraíba and review the possible pathogens vector capacity of captured specimens. The catches occurred on November from day 17 to 21, 2014 in Mata do Buraquinho, João Pessoa/PB and were performed with the use of aerial insect net and an oral aspirator. There were 88 Culicidae specimens collected from the Buraquinho Forest. This is the first report of Aedes fulvithorax, A. scapularis, A. serratus, A. taeniorhynchus, Anopheles nimbus, Coquillettidia albicosta, C. venezuelensis, Limatus durhamii and Mansonia titillans, also genus Wyeomyia in Paraíba state. The capacity of these mosquitoes to transmit diseases, mainly arboviruses, outlines the need for epidemiological surveillance in the state.
本文旨在调查Paraíba州库蚊区系,并对捕获标本可能的病原媒介能力进行综述。于2014年11月17日至21日在jo o Pessoa/PB Mata do Buraquinho进行捕获,采用空中捕虫网和口腔吸引器进行捕获。在布拉基尼奥森林采集到库蚊科标本88种。本文为Paraíba州首次报道的黄胸伊蚊、肩胛骨伊蚊、serratus伊蚊、带喙伊蚊、光按蚊、白色Coquillettidia albicosta、委内瑞拉伊蚊、durhamius limus和Mansonia titillans,也是Wyeomyia属。这些蚊子传播疾病(主要是虫媒病毒)的能力说明需要在该州进行流行病学监测。
{"title":"New records of culicidae species with medical importance in the state of Paraíba, Brazil","authors":"A. O. Aragão, H. Monteiro, E. B. Beserra","doi":"10.17265/2161-6256/2017.05.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6256/2017.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aimed to investigate the Culicidae fauna in the state of Paraíba and review the possible pathogens vector capacity of captured specimens. The catches occurred on November from day 17 to 21, 2014 in Mata do Buraquinho, João Pessoa/PB and were performed with the use of aerial insect net and an oral aspirator. There were 88 Culicidae specimens collected from the Buraquinho Forest. This is the first report of Aedes fulvithorax, A. scapularis, A. serratus, A. taeniorhynchus, Anopheles nimbus, Coquillettidia albicosta, C. venezuelensis, Limatus durhamii and Mansonia titillans, also genus Wyeomyia in Paraíba state. The capacity of these mosquitoes to transmit diseases, mainly arboviruses, outlines the need for epidemiological surveillance in the state.","PeriodicalId":14977,"journal":{"name":"Journal of agricultural science & technology A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90600653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adapting Smallholder Agriculture to Climate Change through Sustainable Land Management Practices: Empirical Evidence from North-West Ethiopia 通过可持续土地管理实践使小农农业适应气候变化:来自埃塞俄比亚西北部的经验证据
Pub Date : 2017-05-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6256/2017.05.001
P. Asrat, B. Simane
The objective of this paper was to determine the factors that influence farmers’ decision to use two categories of sustainable land management (SLM) practices as adaptation strategy to climate change in the North-West Ethiopia. It was based on analysis of data collected from 734 farm household heads and employed probit regression model to analyze the determinants of adaptation to climate change through SLM measures. Based on the model result, factors, like perception of climate change, exposure to adaptation techniques, education, perception of land degradation, slope, land prone to degradation, number of parcels, crop enterprise income, land size, farm distance, economically active family size and agro-ecology are found important in determining farmers’ decision to use structural land management practices. Likewise, perception of climate change, exposure to adaptation, farming experience, slope, crop enterprise income, land prone to degradation and agro-ecology are found important in affecting farmers’ decision to use non-structural land management practices as adaptation measure. Therefore, in line with the findings of the analysis, any intervention that promotes use of land management practices as adaptation strategy should take into account agro-ecology specific factors that are relevant to the nature of the land management practices. Moreover, since scaling up of SLM practices as adaptation strategy is resource intensive, it requires both public and non-public investment for providing technological support and raising awareness. Failure to do so would adversely affect crop productivity and exacerbate food insecurity problems at farm household level.
本文的目的是确定影响埃塞俄比亚西北部农民决定采用两类可持续土地管理(SLM)做法作为气候变化适应战略的因素。基于对734户农户户主数据的分析,采用probit回归模型,通过SLM措施分析农户适应气候变化的决定因素。根据模型结果,对气候变化的认知、适应技术的暴露、教育、对土地退化的认知、坡度、易退化土地、地块数量、作物企业收入、土地规模、农场距离、经济上活跃的家庭规模和农业生态等因素在决定农民使用结构性土地管理实践的决策方面发挥了重要作用。同样,对气候变化的认知、适应环境、耕作经验、坡度、作物企业收入、易退化土地和农业生态在影响农民决定使用非结构性土地管理实践作为适应措施方面也很重要。因此,根据分析的结果,任何促进使用土地管理实践作为适应战略的干预措施都应该考虑到与土地管理实践的性质相关的农业生态特定因素。此外,由于扩大SLM实践作为适应战略是资源密集型的,它需要公共和非公共投资来提供技术支持和提高认识。如果不这样做,将对作物生产力产生不利影响,并加剧农户一级的粮食不安全问题。
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引用次数: 9
Development of a LabVIEW Application for Measurement and Analysis of Acceleration Signals from an External Reference LabVIEW外源加速度信号测量与分析应用的开发
Pub Date : 2017-05-28 DOI: 10.17265/2161-6256/2017.05.004
N. Al-Dosary
: LabVIEW software is a very programmable tool, which can be easily retrofitted and customized to build new aspects of control and database monitoring systems for working with electrical devices. In an instructional environment, the basic LabVIEW software processes provide simulation model of virtual sensors and their associated acceleration output from virtual motion input. This simulation can be used as part of an inclusive perception academic training system for engineering programs. Three virtual accelerometers were used to demonstrate the utility of simulating the acceleration force and vibration principles. A new LabVIEW front panel was developed to represent the sum of the simulation forces acting on each of the 3-axis semi-accelerometers. Thus, raw data strings of the 3-axis semi-accelerometers could be input as simulated real data and analyzed for time and the x , y , z -axis coordinate values. The toolkit of the LabVIEW platform is easy to implement, so engineers and scientists, who are very interested in knowing recent applications of the modern technology and the impact of its development processes, could be able to recognize the LabVIEW toolkits structure optimally, have a comprehensive practice with it and possess an extensive concept of the analysis techniques of this engineering language. Completely, the platform can also be quickly reconfigured to meet any specific laboratory technical requirements. So, this simulation study is underpinning of the accelerated coordinates understanding and has also been exclusive to create a virtual and vital acceleration application via the LabVIEW driver software.
LabVIEW软件是一个非常可编程的工具,它可以很容易地改造和定制,以建立新的方面的控制和数据库监控系统与电气设备的工作。在教学环境中,基本的LabVIEW软件过程提供了虚拟传感器的仿真模型以及由虚拟运动输入产生的相关加速度输出。该模拟可作为工程项目包容性感知学术培训系统的一部分。用三个虚拟加速度计来模拟加速度和振动原理的实用性。开发了一个新的LabVIEW前面板来表示作用在每个3轴半加速度计上的模拟力的总和。因此,可以将三轴半加速度计的原始数据串作为模拟真实数据输入,并对时间和x、y、z轴坐标值进行分析。LabVIEW平台的工具箱易于实现,因此对了解现代技术的最新应用及其开发过程的影响非常感兴趣的工程师和科学家可以最优地识别LabVIEW工具箱结构,对其进行全面的实践,并对该工程语言的分析技术具有广泛的概念。此外,该平台还可以快速重新配置,以满足任何特定的实验室技术要求。因此,该仿真研究是加速坐标理解的基础,也是通过LabVIEW驱动软件创建虚拟和重要加速应用程序的专用研究。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Journal of agricultural science & technology A
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