Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3607
SibaPrasad Mishra, D. Mishra, S. Mishra
Gender equality measures the human right of a nation. Feminist encounters are common in modern society and gender inequality is mounting in India during the present Anthropocene epoch (1950 onwards). Gender-based violence (GBV) has a myriad of adverse effects but is under-reported in India. The Paris Protocols of Agenda-2030 stipulate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for all sex and age groups of Hom sapiens. The present investigation emphasizes the theoretical perceptions and statistical approaches to comprehending GBVs (SDG-5) in India. The present work involves the qualitative investigation of the frequency, physical appearance, and socio-demographic factors that correlate with gender equality and girl-child empowerment (SDG-5) during the Anthropocene epoch and finding means for both social and legal achievement. Feministic violence is mainly grounded upon childhood marriage, humane trafficking, female genital mutilation, etc. Achieving gender equality, and empowering all girls under hunger, war, climate challenges (CC), men dominance, and environmental exploitation, during the Anthropocene epoch. India has recently ranked top in population than China. The pandemic COVID 19 has challenged the life/livelihood of Indians. Peculiar results of women and girl child atrocities are unexpectedly high in states like Assam, Odisha, and Delhi. During the last decade, the dowery and rapes reduced but intimate partner violence and kidnapping are mounting during biological disasters. The transformation of males' outlook toward their partners must be changed to achieve the SDG-5 goals.
{"title":"The etymology of Gender Violence (SDG-5) in Anthropocene: India","authors":"SibaPrasad Mishra, D. Mishra, S. Mishra","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3607","url":null,"abstract":"Gender equality measures the human right of a nation. Feminist encounters are common in modern society and gender inequality is mounting in India during the present Anthropocene epoch (1950 onwards). Gender-based violence (GBV) has a myriad of adverse effects but is under-reported in India. The Paris Protocols of Agenda-2030 stipulate Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for all sex and age groups of Hom sapiens. The present investigation emphasizes the theoretical perceptions and statistical approaches to comprehending GBVs (SDG-5) in India. \u0000The present work involves the qualitative investigation of the frequency, physical appearance, and socio-demographic factors that correlate with gender equality and girl-child empowerment (SDG-5) during the Anthropocene epoch and finding means for both social and legal achievement. Feministic violence is mainly grounded upon childhood marriage, humane trafficking, female genital mutilation, etc. Achieving gender equality, and empowering all girls under hunger, war, climate challenges (CC), men dominance, and environmental exploitation, during the Anthropocene epoch. \u0000India has recently ranked top in population than China. The pandemic COVID 19 has challenged the life/livelihood of Indians. Peculiar results of women and girl child atrocities are unexpectedly high in states like Assam, Odisha, and Delhi. During the last decade, the dowery and rapes reduced but intimate partner violence and kidnapping are mounting during biological disasters. The transformation of males' outlook toward their partners must be changed to achieve the SDG-5 goals.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74845554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3606
U. Mohammed, A. Mohammed, D. Mhya, Simon Mafulul Gabriel, D. Dahiru
Aims: Chemical toxicity is one of the major leading causes of tissues injuries, which impair the tissue’s ability to maintain normal physiological functions. Pterocarpus erinaceus is a medicinal plant use as traditional remedy for the treatment of several disorders associated with tissues injuries. This study therefore aimed at investigating tissues protective efficiency of Pterocarpus erinaceus leaves extract in carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatic and hematological injuries in rats. Materials and Methods: Leaves of Pterocarpus erinaceous after collection were air-dried and pulverized. It was extracted with methanol and the methanolic extracts were used. Acute toxicity and hepatoprotective studies against CCl4 toxicity were conducted. Rats were grouped into; Group 1: Normal control (liquid paraffin, vehicle 1ml.kg), Group 2: Negative control (received 1ml/kg CCl4), Group 3: Positive control (received 1ml/kg CCl4 +100ml/kg Silymarin), Group 4-6: Extract treated rats (received 1ml/kg CCl4 + varied doses of Extracts at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg body weight of rats). The treatment was done daily via oral means for 14 days. Results: The results of the acute toxicity study showed Pterocarpus erinaceus extract safe with LD50 greater than 5000mg/kg body weight. This study reveals Pterocarpus erinaceus able to ameliorate CCl4 toxicity by minimizing damage to hepatic and hematological tissues. Histological study of the rats’ hepatic cells further unveils the protective ability of the plant extract against severity of CCl4-mediate hepatic architectural damage. Conclusion: Pterocarpus erinaceus leaves possess components with tissue-protective properties hence the need to harness it for utilization.
{"title":"Protective Efficiency of Pterocarpus erinaceus Leaves Extract in Carbon-tetrachloride-induced Hepatic and Hematological Injuries in Rats","authors":"U. Mohammed, A. Mohammed, D. Mhya, Simon Mafulul Gabriel, D. Dahiru","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3606","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Chemical toxicity is one of the major leading causes of tissues injuries, which impair the tissue’s ability to maintain normal physiological functions. Pterocarpus erinaceus is a medicinal plant use as traditional remedy for the treatment of several disorders associated with tissues injuries. This study therefore aimed at investigating tissues protective efficiency of Pterocarpus erinaceus leaves extract in carbon-tetrachloride-induced hepatic and hematological injuries in rats. \u0000Materials and Methods: Leaves of Pterocarpus erinaceous after collection were air-dried and pulverized. It was extracted with methanol and the methanolic extracts were used. Acute toxicity and hepatoprotective studies against CCl4 toxicity were conducted. Rats were grouped into; Group 1: Normal control (liquid paraffin, vehicle 1ml.kg), Group 2: Negative control (received 1ml/kg CCl4), Group 3: Positive control (received 1ml/kg CCl4 +100ml/kg Silymarin), Group 4-6: Extract treated rats (received 1ml/kg CCl4 + varied doses of Extracts at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg body weight of rats). The treatment was done daily via oral means for 14 days. \u0000Results: The results of the acute toxicity study showed Pterocarpus erinaceus extract safe with LD50 greater than 5000mg/kg body weight. This study reveals Pterocarpus erinaceus able to ameliorate CCl4 toxicity by minimizing damage to hepatic and hematological tissues. Histological study of the rats’ hepatic cells further unveils the protective ability of the plant extract against severity of CCl4-mediate hepatic architectural damage. \u0000Conclusion: Pterocarpus erinaceus leaves possess components with tissue-protective properties hence the need to harness it for utilization.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88275536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: The aim of the study is to identify and compare the bacteria strains present in the control and Hydrocarbon impacted soil samples in the abandoned artisanal refinery site located in Obi-Ayagha community, Delta State, using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Place and Duration of Study: The Hydrocarbon impacted soil was collected from the abandoned artisanal refinery site located in Obi-Ayagha community and analysed in the advanced research laboratory of the Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun between 2022 and 2023. Methodology: In the present study, soil samples were collected from five points to cover the expanse of the site, from depths of 0–15 cm of the abandoned artisanal site and composited. The bacterial community profile was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and the bacteria species were identified from Kingdom to species level. Results: Taxonomical classification of bacteria, revealed the most abundant organisms present in each kingdom, phyla, class, in the contaminated and uncontaminated (control) samples. The dominant species at phylum-level microbial diversity identified in the petroleum-contaminated and uncontaminated site, is depicted by the dominant groups and were found to be the Actinobacteriota (21.94%) for the control in comparison the Firmicutes dominated the phylum with percentage occurrence of (99.86%) for the test samples. At the class level, the dominant group was Alphaproteobacteria (16.48%) for the control, while Bacilli dominated the class showing (99.76%) for the test samples. Conclusion: Metagenomic profiling helps to predict the presence and relative abundances of microbes in a sample, which is a critical step in microbiome analysis.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Metagenomic Profile of Bacteria Strains Present in an Abandoned Artisanal Refinery Site, in Obi-Ayagha Community, Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"Tudararo-Aherobo, Laurelta Esivweneta, Okorhi, Beatrice Folawe","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3605","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study is to identify and compare the bacteria strains present in the control and Hydrocarbon impacted soil samples in the abandoned artisanal refinery site located in Obi-Ayagha community, Delta State, using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The Hydrocarbon impacted soil was collected from the abandoned artisanal refinery site located in Obi-Ayagha community and analysed in the advanced research laboratory of the Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun between 2022 and 2023. \u0000Methodology: In the present study, soil samples were collected from five points to cover the expanse of the site, from depths of 0–15 cm of the abandoned artisanal site and composited. The bacterial community profile was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and the bacteria species were identified from Kingdom to species level. \u0000Results: Taxonomical classification of bacteria, revealed the most abundant organisms present in each kingdom, phyla, class, in the contaminated and uncontaminated (control) samples. The dominant species at phylum-level microbial diversity identified in the petroleum-contaminated and uncontaminated site, is depicted by the dominant groups and were found to be the Actinobacteriota (21.94%) for the control in comparison the Firmicutes dominated the phylum with percentage occurrence of (99.86%) for the test samples. At the class level, the dominant group was Alphaproteobacteria (16.48%) for the control, while Bacilli dominated the class showing (99.76%) for the test samples. \u0000Conclusion: Metagenomic profiling helps to predict the presence and relative abundances of microbes in a sample, which is a critical step in microbiome analysis.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90113648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: The possible toxic impact of aqueous extract of maize husks (HA) on Wistar albino rats was investigated.
Study Design: Experimental design.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria between January 2020 and April 2020.
Methodology: The extract was prepared adopting the cold extraction procedure. Forty-eight (48) Wistar albino rats were used for this study. Acute toxicity study was carried out by administering HA at a single dose of 2000, 4000 and 8000 mg/kg body weight to the rats by oral gavage. The rats were observed for 14 days for any mortality or signs of toxicity. For sub-acute study, doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight were orally administered daily for 28 days. Biochemical and haematological parameters as well as histopathological studies were carried out after the experiments.
Results: Acute toxicity results indicated that the median lethal dose (LD50) of HA was greater than 8000 mg/kg. There was remarkable body weight gain (P ≤ 0.05) in both male and female rats in all the sub-acute groups and acute group treated with 8000mg/kg. In the acute and sub-acute toxicity study, slight difference was recorded between the biochemical and haematological parameters of the treated rats dosed with the extract and the control. There was a significant increase in Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of female rats and lymphocytes of male rats treated with 800 mg/mL and 400 mg/mL respectively. The total protein, glucose and urea level of male rats treated with 200 mg/mL reduced while urea level of females treated with 200 mg/mL and 400 mg/mL also reduced remarkably. However, histological data showed no significant difference.
Conclusion: In general, the extract was found to show no toxic effect on the rats and hence it is safe for potential therapeutic use.
{"title":"Assessment of the Safety of Aqueous Extract of Maize (Zea mays) Husks in Wistar Albino Rats","authors":"Olanrewaju Samson Odelola, Victor Olusegun Oyetayo, Ayodele Oluwayemisi Ogundare, Babatunde Ogunlade","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3604","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The possible toxic impact of aqueous extract of maize husks (HA) on Wistar albino rats was investigated.
 Study Design: Experimental design.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria between January 2020 and April 2020.
 Methodology: The extract was prepared adopting the cold extraction procedure. Forty-eight (48) Wistar albino rats were used for this study. Acute toxicity study was carried out by administering HA at a single dose of 2000, 4000 and 8000 mg/kg body weight to the rats by oral gavage. The rats were observed for 14 days for any mortality or signs of toxicity. For sub-acute study, doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight were orally administered daily for 28 days. Biochemical and haematological parameters as well as histopathological studies were carried out after the experiments.
 Results: Acute toxicity results indicated that the median lethal dose (LD50) of HA was greater than 8000 mg/kg. There was remarkable body weight gain (P ≤ 0.05) in both male and female rats in all the sub-acute groups and acute group treated with 8000mg/kg. In the acute and sub-acute toxicity study, slight difference was recorded between the biochemical and haematological parameters of the treated rats dosed with the extract and the control. There was a significant increase in Packed Cell Volume (PCV) of female rats and lymphocytes of male rats treated with 800 mg/mL and 400 mg/mL respectively. The total protein, glucose and urea level of male rats treated with 200 mg/mL reduced while urea level of females treated with 200 mg/mL and 400 mg/mL also reduced remarkably. However, histological data showed no significant difference.
 Conclusion: In general, the extract was found to show no toxic effect on the rats and hence it is safe for potential therapeutic use.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135045642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3603
N. L. Isemin, J. Ukpatu, O. Udoidiong
The spatial rhythm and periodic pattern of fish species was studied in lower and upper streams in Eniong River, Southeastern Nigeria for 12 consecutive months (April, 2019- March, 2020) using standard methods and procedures. A total of 178 individuals of fish species belonging to 14 families and 25 species were recorded in the study. The results revealed species abundance in favour of the lower stream with only two species: Clarias macromystax (Clariidae) and Malapterurus electricus (Malapteruridae) not found in the lower stream. Populations were generally bigger in lower stream 122 (69.32%) than their counterparts in upper stream with 56 (30.68%) samples. The family Cichilidae dominates the lower stream while Clariidae dominates the upper stream. The result of Jaccard Index Similarity of the number of species found between the upper stream and lower stream revealed the value of 0.461˂50%. The overall range of fish sampled falls within (9.7-25.5cmTL) with size structure generally bigger in the wet season than in the dry season. Species had seasonal abundance in the wet season than the dry season. In the wet season, Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias macromystax were the most abundant species in June and September (wet season) while Malapterurus electricus and Citharinus citharus were not found in the wet season. In the dry season, twelve (12) species were completely absent-Hepsetus akawo, Ctenopoma nebulosum, pollimyrus asperses, Marcusens senegaleusis, Ccoptodon zelli, Cclarias gariepinus, Cclarias macromystax, Synodontis obesus, Schilbe mystus, Schilbe uranoscopus and Protopterus annectens and Hemichromis fasciatus. The most abundant species found in both dry and wet seasons were Oreochromis niloticus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Hemichromis fasciatus. The fish diversity ranges from typical freshwater fishes to brackish species. The greatest dissimilarity between the wet and dry seasons’ samples was generated by Oreochromis niloticus. The study recorded the highest species richness (Margaleaf) and diversity (Shanno-Wiener) in the wet season with 23 species while the lowest with the smallest abundance was observed in the dry season with 13 species. The study recommends low exploitation in the upper stream and in the dry season to enhance species productivity and sustainability in Eniong River, Southeastern Nigeria.
{"title":"Spatial Rhythm and Periodic Pattern of Fish Species in Eniong River, South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"N. L. Isemin, J. Ukpatu, O. Udoidiong","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i3603","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial rhythm and periodic pattern of fish species was studied in lower and upper streams in Eniong River, Southeastern Nigeria for 12 consecutive months (April, 2019- March, 2020) using standard methods and procedures. A total of 178 individuals of fish species belonging to 14 families and 25 species were recorded in the study. The results revealed species abundance in favour of the lower stream with only two species: Clarias macromystax (Clariidae) and Malapterurus electricus (Malapteruridae) not found in the lower stream. Populations were generally bigger in lower stream 122 (69.32%) than their counterparts in upper stream with 56 (30.68%) samples. The family Cichilidae dominates the lower stream while Clariidae dominates the upper stream. The result of Jaccard Index Similarity of the number of species found between the upper stream and lower stream revealed the value of 0.461˂50%. The overall range of fish sampled falls within (9.7-25.5cmTL) with size structure generally bigger in the wet season than in the dry season. Species had seasonal abundance in the wet season than the dry season. In the wet season, Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias macromystax were the most abundant species in June and September (wet season) while Malapterurus electricus and Citharinus citharus were not found in the wet season. In the dry season, twelve (12) species were completely absent-Hepsetus akawo, Ctenopoma nebulosum, pollimyrus asperses, Marcusens senegaleusis, Ccoptodon zelli, Cclarias gariepinus, Cclarias macromystax, Synodontis obesus, Schilbe mystus, Schilbe uranoscopus and Protopterus annectens and Hemichromis fasciatus. The most abundant species found in both dry and wet seasons were Oreochromis niloticus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Hemichromis fasciatus. The fish diversity ranges from typical freshwater fishes to brackish species. The greatest dissimilarity between the wet and dry seasons’ samples was generated by Oreochromis niloticus. The study recorded the highest species richness (Margaleaf) and diversity (Shanno-Wiener) in the wet season with 23 species while the lowest with the smallest abundance was observed in the dry season with 13 species. The study recommends low exploitation in the upper stream and in the dry season to enhance species productivity and sustainability in Eniong River, Southeastern Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81451768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-29DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2602
Franck Arnaud Gnahoré Djéda, V. Gbonon, F. B. Diplo, S. Coulibaly, Akandji Osseni, M. Sekongo, J. N’guessan, J. Djaman, M. Dosso
Aim: Estrogens and progesterone are essential for breast development in women. Paradoxically they promote the development of breast cancer, through the stimulation and proliferation of cells by the action of hormone receptors. In Côte d'Ivoire, more than half of all diagnosed cases of breast cancer are hormone-dependent. Because of the link between female hormones and breast cancer, the consideration of certain factors, such as the period of influence of hormones (estrogen and progesterone) as well as their quantification, could be considered in orientation screening for hormone-dependent breast cancer. Methodology: A case-control study conducted at the Cancerology Department of the Treichville University Hospital, the National Blood Transfusion Centre, and the Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire recruited 85 participants, including 39 cases and 46 non-menopausal and menopausal controls. Socio-demographic information and the participants' clinical status were collected through a questionnaire and consultation of the medical file. Blood samples were taken in dry red tubes with a coagulation activator on the day of inclusion for postmenopausal women and during the follicular phase for non-menopausal women (between days 4 and 7 of the menstrual cycle). The quantification of hormones (estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH) was performed by immunoassay on the Cobas e411 Analyser®. Results: Postmenopausal cases had early menarche (13 years) and late menopause (52.46 years) compared to controls and also had slightly higher mean plasma oestradiol 2 and progesterone levels (P=0.04; P=0.017). Among these cases, those with ER+ tumors had slightly higher mean plasma oestradiol-2 levels (15.28 pg/mL) than those with ER- tumors (9.20 pg/mL) (P=0.03). Conclusion: The epidemiological investigation and the quantification of hormones in the participants' blood plasma revealed a positive association between the period of influence of these hormones, their concentrations, and hormone-dependent breast cancer in postmenopausal women.
{"title":"Evaluation of Hormone Quantification as an Orientation Screening in the Diagnosis of Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancers in Women in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"Franck Arnaud Gnahoré Djéda, V. Gbonon, F. B. Diplo, S. Coulibaly, Akandji Osseni, M. Sekongo, J. N’guessan, J. Djaman, M. Dosso","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2602","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Estrogens and progesterone are essential for breast development in women. Paradoxically they promote the development of breast cancer, through the stimulation and proliferation of cells by the action of hormone receptors. In Côte d'Ivoire, more than half of all diagnosed cases of breast cancer are hormone-dependent. Because of the link between female hormones and breast cancer, the consideration of certain factors, such as the period of influence of hormones (estrogen and progesterone) as well as their quantification, could be considered in orientation screening for hormone-dependent breast cancer. \u0000Methodology: A case-control study conducted at the Cancerology Department of the Treichville University Hospital, the National Blood Transfusion Centre, and the Pasteur Institute of Côte d'Ivoire recruited 85 participants, including 39 cases and 46 non-menopausal and menopausal controls. Socio-demographic information and the participants' clinical status were collected through a questionnaire and consultation of the medical file. Blood samples were taken in dry red tubes with a coagulation activator on the day of inclusion for postmenopausal women and during the follicular phase for non-menopausal women (between days 4 and 7 of the menstrual cycle). The quantification of hormones (estrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH) was performed by immunoassay on the Cobas e411 Analyser®. \u0000Results: Postmenopausal cases had early menarche (13 years) and late menopause (52.46 years) compared to controls and also had slightly higher mean plasma oestradiol 2 and progesterone levels (P=0.04; P=0.017). Among these cases, those with ER+ tumors had slightly higher mean plasma oestradiol-2 levels (15.28 pg/mL) than those with ER- tumors (9.20 pg/mL) (P=0.03). \u0000Conclusion: The epidemiological investigation and the quantification of hormones in the participants' blood plasma revealed a positive association between the period of influence of these hormones, their concentrations, and hormone-dependent breast cancer in postmenopausal women.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90095376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2601
M. S. Haske, M. Y. Iliyasu, A. Abdulrahman, S. M. Sani, T. Inusa, S. Isma’il, R. D. Umar, Z. M. Kabeer, H. Tahir, E. Agbo
Background of the Study: Degradation of wastes especially fruit waste is important because these wastes accumulate in the environment. The fruit wastes can be used to biosynthesize pectinase enzyme at a cheaper rate due its numerous industrial applications. The ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to degrade these wastes to produce pectinase enzyme was exploited. Aim: The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize Saccharomyces cerevisiae and study the optimal conditions needed for pectinase production on the orange peel with maize cobs and study the effectiveness of the enzymes produced in the extraction of orange juice. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria, between August to September 2021. Methodology: Soil samples from the orange seller stand was collected, serial dilution method was used to reduce the solution to a more usable concentration, and the samples were streaked on Yeast Peptone Dextrose Agar (YPDA). The plates were incubated for 3 to 9 days at 28+- oC. The isolated yeast was identified based on the morphological and biochemical test, the isolates were inoculated on the prepared fermentation media under different optimal conditions. The crude enzyme were extracted, and the extracts were tested for pectinase activity using the dinitrosalicylic reagent (DNS) method for the presence of reducing sugar. The resulting pectinase was determined to effectively extract juice from orange mash. Results: Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed relatively pectinase hydrolysis using orange peels and maize cobs as substrate by solid-state fermentation under predetermined optimum fermentation conditions. Optimization for the pectinase production was done by altering the conditions for the production medium. Pectinase activity of (2.81 + 2.31 ug/ml) was observed at 72hr of incubation at 35oC. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that orange peel and maize cob can be successfully used to induce the production of pectinase using Saccharomyces cerevisiae under solid-state fermentation.
{"title":"Pectinase Production from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Using Orange Peels and Maize Cobs as Substrate for Solid-State Fermentation","authors":"M. S. Haske, M. Y. Iliyasu, A. Abdulrahman, S. M. Sani, T. Inusa, S. Isma’il, R. D. Umar, Z. M. Kabeer, H. Tahir, E. Agbo","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2601","url":null,"abstract":"Background of the Study: Degradation of wastes especially fruit waste is important because these wastes accumulate in the environment. The fruit wastes can be used to biosynthesize pectinase enzyme at a cheaper rate due its numerous industrial applications. The ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to degrade these wastes to produce pectinase enzyme was exploited. \u0000Aim: The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize Saccharomyces cerevisiae and study the optimal conditions needed for pectinase production on the orange peel with maize cobs and study the effectiveness of the enzymes produced in the extraction of orange juice. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria, between August to September 2021. \u0000Methodology: Soil samples from the orange seller stand was collected, serial dilution method was used to reduce the solution to a more usable concentration, and the samples were streaked on Yeast Peptone Dextrose Agar (YPDA). The plates were incubated for 3 to 9 days at 28+- oC. The isolated yeast was identified based on the morphological and biochemical test, the isolates were inoculated on the prepared fermentation media under different optimal conditions. The crude enzyme were extracted, and the extracts were tested for pectinase activity using the dinitrosalicylic reagent (DNS) method for the presence of reducing sugar. The resulting pectinase was determined to effectively extract juice from orange mash. \u0000Results: Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed relatively pectinase hydrolysis using orange peels and maize cobs as substrate by solid-state fermentation under predetermined optimum fermentation conditions. Optimization for the pectinase production was done by altering the conditions for the production medium. Pectinase activity of (2.81 + 2.31 ug/ml) was observed at 72hr of incubation at 35oC. \u0000Conclusion: The study demonstrates that orange peel and maize cob can be successfully used to induce the production of pectinase using Saccharomyces cerevisiae under solid-state fermentation.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81862095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-22DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2600
M. S. Shiada, D. T. Ayaakaa, T. T. Bem, S. Ode
The study gives a background estimate of the dilution potential of air pollutants (SO2, NO2 and CO) in three selected North Central States of Nigeria. The research was carried out using wind impact area diagram, obtained by using standard deviation to calculate analysis of pollutants and other variables of spread whose concentration were determined downwind. The results indicate that Makurdi and Lafia have varying wind direction persistence (p) approximately 1.0m2 for all the months. This can cause variation in wind directions. It also indicate unstable pattern of wind observation in this cities. For Makurdi, lowest and highest value of potential stands at M (12.15 m2) and (42.5 m2) were observed in April and May accordingly. For Lafia, values obtained by potential impact stands at M (2.20m2) and (67.50 m2) for the months indicated. Finally, Jos has (p) equal to 1.2m2 through all months, showing steady wind compared to two cities of Makurdi and Lafia and the predominant wind direction during the period of October 2018 to February 2019. Lowest and largest values of dilution potentials M (1.50m2 and 113.37m2) were obtained for February and December of the same year under review. Lowest values of m (dilution potential) indicate lower dilution potentials in these cities which indicate high concentration of inert pollutants while larger value of M predicts high volume of wind speed with a big impact area. The study showed that, dilution potential can be applied in comparing the wind data in line and space. It also portrays that wind impact diagram gives a good representation of wind along with area of high pollutants concentration as compared to wind rose. Finally, the information obtained from the research suggests air quality monitoring stations are required in Makurdi, Lafia and Jos for effective monitoring of air pollutants in these cities.
{"title":"Background Study on the Estimation of Horizontal Dilution Potential of air Pollutants in North-Central Nigeria, Using Wind Data","authors":"M. S. Shiada, D. T. Ayaakaa, T. T. Bem, S. Ode","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2600","url":null,"abstract":"The study gives a background estimate of the dilution potential of air pollutants (SO2, NO2 and CO) in three selected North Central States of Nigeria. The research was carried out using wind impact area diagram, obtained by using standard deviation to calculate analysis of pollutants and other variables of spread whose concentration were determined downwind. The results indicate that Makurdi and Lafia have varying wind direction persistence (p) approximately 1.0m2 for all the months. This can cause variation in wind directions. It also indicate unstable pattern of wind observation in this cities. For Makurdi, lowest and highest value of potential stands at M (12.15 m2) and (42.5 m2) were observed in April and May accordingly. For Lafia, values obtained by potential impact stands at M (2.20m2) and (67.50 m2) for the months indicated. Finally, Jos has (p) equal to 1.2m2 through all months, showing steady wind compared to two cities of Makurdi and Lafia and the predominant wind direction during the period of October 2018 to February 2019. Lowest and largest values of dilution potentials M (1.50m2 and 113.37m2) were obtained for February and December of the same year under review. Lowest values of m (dilution potential) indicate lower dilution potentials in these cities which indicate high concentration of inert pollutants while larger value of M predicts high volume of wind speed with a big impact area. The study showed that, dilution potential can be applied in comparing the wind data in line and space. It also portrays that wind impact diagram gives a good representation of wind along with area of high pollutants concentration as compared to wind rose. Finally, the information obtained from the research suggests air quality monitoring stations are required in Makurdi, Lafia and Jos for effective monitoring of air pollutants in these cities.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77566469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-18DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2599
Bipin D. Lade, Anita S. Patil
Background: The present study represents a preliminary analysis of genetic diversity among Passiflora species using amplified genotypic data of specific ITS and rbcL sequences and non-specific RAPD-PCR markers for investigation of the molecular phylogeny. Methods: The PCR-RAPD uses ten primers for polymorphic DNA, which are compiled on NTSYS software to construct dendrogram. The gene specific ITS and rbcL primers are used for specific amplification from genomic. The amplified ITS and rbcL markers assembled using Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The BLAST, CLUSTAL W, and MEGA 6.0 have been used to conclude final genetic relation tree. Results: The PCR-RAPD primers translate 133 random amplified polymorphic DNA. NTSYS dendrogram placed P. vitifolia from Ramdaspeth and Shankar Nagar Nagpur, India in same clade (similarity coefficient 0.609) confirming same origin Nagpur India. Moreover, P. foetida from England is not coming in same clade with Indian P. foetida showing geographically intra-specific variation. In addition, the change in a constructed tree was observed with respect to change in phylogeny methods MS/ML. The ITS MP consensus tree is supported by strong 100 bootstrap value, clusters P. vitifolia (HNI and RNI) and P. foetida (UAI and UGI) in equivalent clade. However, no single species have been recovered using rbcL in MP and ML method. Thus, it is inference that rbcL have tendency to differentiate Passiflora species not allowing clustering around same species in same clade and the ITS region having parsimony informative sites that provide valid resolution and identification at inter-intra species level. Conclusions: The evaluation of properties of RAPD indicates 100% PCR success, sometimes with low rate of amplification. The ITS region found to be best for identification at inter-intra species, On the contrary, rbcL region is good to distinguished inter species, making it best as local DNA barcode for marking a Passiflora species in phylogenetic community.
{"title":"Evolutionary Trend in Passiflora Species Revealed by RAPD-PCR, Gene Specific ITS and rbcl Markers","authors":"Bipin D. Lade, Anita S. Patil","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2599","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study represents a preliminary analysis of genetic diversity among Passiflora species using amplified genotypic data of specific ITS and rbcL sequences and non-specific RAPD-PCR markers for investigation of the molecular phylogeny. \u0000Methods: The PCR-RAPD uses ten primers for polymorphic DNA, which are compiled on NTSYS software to construct dendrogram. The gene specific ITS and rbcL primers are used for specific amplification from genomic. The amplified ITS and rbcL markers assembled using Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Maximum likelihood (ML) methods. The BLAST, CLUSTAL W, and MEGA 6.0 have been used to conclude final genetic relation tree. \u0000Results: The PCR-RAPD primers translate 133 random amplified polymorphic DNA. NTSYS dendrogram placed P. vitifolia from Ramdaspeth and Shankar Nagar Nagpur, India in same clade (similarity coefficient 0.609) confirming same origin Nagpur India. Moreover, P. foetida from England is not coming in same clade with Indian P. foetida showing geographically intra-specific variation. In addition, the change in a constructed tree was observed with respect to change in phylogeny methods MS/ML. The ITS MP consensus tree is supported by strong 100 bootstrap value, clusters P. vitifolia (HNI and RNI) and P. foetida (UAI and UGI) in equivalent clade. However, no single species have been recovered using rbcL in MP and ML method. Thus, it is inference that rbcL have tendency to differentiate Passiflora species not allowing clustering around same species in same clade and the ITS region having parsimony informative sites that provide valid resolution and identification at inter-intra species level. \u0000Conclusions: The evaluation of properties of RAPD indicates 100% PCR success, sometimes with low rate of amplification. The ITS region found to be best for identification at inter-intra species, On the contrary, rbcL region is good to distinguished inter species, making it best as local DNA barcode for marking a Passiflora species in phylogenetic community.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89959787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2598
D. Akaba, T. Atemkeng, B. B. Malep Mayama, I. L. Moutila, W. -, M. Achu, E. Fokou, C. A. Pieme, C. Djam
Introduction: The use of local natural products, such as honey, is empirically prescribed in the treatment of burns and several medical conditions. Aim: This was conducted to evaluate the burn wound healing activity of three types of local types of honey on rats. Materials and Methods: This was a comparative experimental study held at the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I. We used 3 varieties of honey designated by their cities of origin: Ngaoundal, Okuh, and Yaounde. Brulex® (Zinc Oxide) was our reference medicine against burns. Male rats of the Wistar strain have served as animal material on which the burns were performed. There were 36 individuals divided into 4 groups of 9 rats per batch for treatment with reference medicine and 3 honey samples. We realized experimental burns under general anesthesia by a heated mass. The surface areas were calculated using Autodesk AutoCAD 2014® software. The photos were taken using an XTIGI V10® telephone. At the various dates selected, the wound surfaces calculated for each batch were expressed in the form of the mean ± standard deviation. Results: There wa no significant variation in pH and free acidity. Okuh honey is the most acidic (pH 5.73 ± 0.682). Concerning the Brix degree, the least sweet honey is that of Okuh (73.94 ± 0.115). There is a significant difference in the Brix degree between these three samples (p=0.00000009; Table 1). The richest honey in metabolites was that of Ngaoundal, with polyphenols of 323.79±53.57 mEq/kg, flavonoids of 47.45±3.84 mEq/kg and total flavonols of 21 .82±0.90 mEq/kg. Concerning the evolution of the healing process, the group of rats treated with Brulex® showed the largest injured surfaces on day 0 (8.83 ± 2.34 cm2), the least extensive being those of the Okuh group (6.83 ± 0.66 cm2). On the 24th day, the smallest areas were in order those of the Ngaoundal, Yaounde, and Okuh lots. While the rats in the Brulex® and negative control lots were not yet completely cured. On histology sections, Okuh, Yaoundé, and Ngaoundal groups had slight fibrosis, hypervascularization and an abundance of immune cells. Conclusion: The three honey type seem effective in burn wound care and can be suggested.
{"title":"Evaluation of Burns Wound Healing Properties of Different Varieties of Honey from Cameroun","authors":"D. Akaba, T. Atemkeng, B. B. Malep Mayama, I. L. Moutila, W. -, M. Achu, E. Fokou, C. A. Pieme, C. Djam","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i2598","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The use of local natural products, such as honey, is empirically prescribed in the treatment of burns and several medical conditions. \u0000Aim: This was conducted to evaluate the burn wound healing activity of three types of local types of honey on rats. \u0000Materials and Methods: This was a comparative experimental study held at the Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaoundé I. We used 3 varieties of honey designated by their cities of origin: Ngaoundal, Okuh, and Yaounde. Brulex® (Zinc Oxide) was our reference medicine against burns. Male rats of the Wistar strain have served as animal material on which the burns were performed. There were 36 individuals divided into 4 groups of 9 rats per batch for treatment with reference medicine and 3 honey samples. We realized experimental burns under general anesthesia by a heated mass. The surface areas were calculated using Autodesk AutoCAD 2014® software. The photos were taken using an XTIGI V10® telephone. At the various dates selected, the wound surfaces calculated for each batch were expressed in the form of the mean ± standard deviation. \u0000Results: There wa no significant variation in pH and free acidity. Okuh honey is the most acidic (pH 5.73 ± 0.682). Concerning the Brix degree, the least sweet honey is that of Okuh (73.94 ± 0.115). There is a significant difference in the Brix degree between these three samples (p=0.00000009; Table 1). The richest honey in metabolites was that of Ngaoundal, with polyphenols of 323.79±53.57 mEq/kg, flavonoids of 47.45±3.84 mEq/kg and total flavonols of 21 .82±0.90 mEq/kg. \u0000Concerning the evolution of the healing process, the group of rats treated with Brulex® showed the largest injured surfaces on day 0 (8.83 ± 2.34 cm2), the least extensive being those of the Okuh group (6.83 ± 0.66 cm2). On the 24th day, the smallest areas were in order those of the Ngaoundal, Yaounde, and Okuh lots. While the rats in the Brulex® and negative control lots were not yet completely cured. On histology sections, Okuh, Yaoundé, and Ngaoundal groups had slight fibrosis, hypervascularization and an abundance of immune cells. \u0000Conclusion: The three honey type seem effective in burn wound care and can be suggested.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87662472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：