Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i2637
Maria Chowdhury, Tajmim Jahan Ritu, Nazmun Nahar
Aims: This study aimed to investigate the impact of methanol-derived leaf extracts from the Persicaria hydropiper plant on the GCMS analysis and in-vivo antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities. Study Design: The GCMS analysis was used to analyze the phytochemicals of the methanolic extract of Persicaria hydropiper (MEPH). The research aimed to investigate the possible in-vivo activities, including the antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activity, of the plant's chemical ingredient, which is of pharmaceutical significance. Whether the changes seen in experimental animals have statistical significance. Methodology: Potential antinociceptive and antidiarrheal properties of MEPH were studied after phytochemicals were found by GCMS analysis of the plant. Swiss albino mice assessed antidiarrheal activity using the castor oil-induced method and antinociceptive activities at various dosages using the hotplate and glutamate-induced nociception methods, respectively. Results: The MEPH GCMS analysis revealed that 65 phytochemicals were found which have greater pharmacological activities. In contrast, MEPH inhibited peripheral nociception in the glutamate-induced paw licking nociceptive paradigm with percent inhibitions of 86.53 and 93.59, respectively. In addition, the hot plate test revealed a significant antinociceptive effect. Where the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal method showed 80.16 and 87% of inhibition of diarrhea compared to the standard loperamide's value of 84.19%. Each pharmacological model was experimented using the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg.Conclusion: Several pathological conditions, including dysentery, Persistent diarrhea, arthritis and other pain, inflammation related diseases, may benefit in the future from the use of plant-derived pharmacological agents due to their antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities.
{"title":"Investigating the Bioactive Potential of Persicaria hydropiper: GC-MS Profiling and In vivo Exploration of Antinociceptive and Antidiarrheal Effects","authors":"Maria Chowdhury, Tajmim Jahan Ritu, Nazmun Nahar","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i2637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i2637","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to investigate the impact of methanol-derived leaf extracts from the Persicaria hydropiper plant on the GCMS analysis and in-vivo antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities. \u0000Study Design: The GCMS analysis was used to analyze the phytochemicals of the methanolic extract of Persicaria hydropiper (MEPH). The research aimed to investigate the possible in-vivo activities, including the antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activity, of the plant's chemical ingredient, which is of pharmaceutical significance. Whether the changes seen in experimental animals have statistical significance. \u0000Methodology: Potential antinociceptive and antidiarrheal properties of MEPH were studied after phytochemicals were found by GCMS analysis of the plant. Swiss albino mice assessed antidiarrheal activity using the castor oil-induced method and antinociceptive activities at various dosages using the hotplate and glutamate-induced nociception methods, respectively. \u0000Results: The MEPH GCMS analysis revealed that 65 phytochemicals were found which have greater pharmacological activities. In contrast, MEPH inhibited peripheral nociception in the glutamate-induced paw licking nociceptive paradigm with percent inhibitions of 86.53 and 93.59, respectively. In addition, the hot plate test revealed a significant antinociceptive effect. Where the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal method showed 80.16 and 87% of inhibition of diarrhea compared to the standard loperamide's value of 84.19%. Each pharmacological model was experimented using the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg.Conclusion: Several pathological conditions, including dysentery, Persistent diarrhea, arthritis and other pain, inflammation related diseases, may benefit in the future from the use of plant-derived pharmacological agents due to their antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"71 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139844035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1636
Onuigbo, O. T., Nwamarah, J. U., Oparaji, E. H., Onuigbo, A. C., Ogwo, B. O.
This study evaluated the physicochemical, chemical and microbial compositions of tiger nut and selected conventional yoghurts. During the study proximate, mineral, vitamins, chemical and physicochemical and bacterial analysis were done accordingly. The results of proximate analysisshow that the fat and crude fibre compositions of tiger nut differed significantly (p < 0.05) with the values of conventional yoghurts, while no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the concentration values of ash. Tiger nut yoghurts recorded highest values of 8.39±0.04 mg/l (vitamin C), while Cd, Ni and Pb were below detectable limit in all the yoghurts. The concentration values of Cu in the conventional and tiger nut yoghurts varied significantly (p < 0.5). Tiger nut yoghurt concentration values of polyphenol, total tannin and phytate are significantly different (p < 0.05). Results show that pH, TTA and conductivity values in sample A, B and tiger nut yoghurts are not significantly different (p > 0.05), while it differed significantly (p < 0.05) with reference to viscosity, TSS, TS and magnesium. The microbial cell count of Lactobacillus acidophilus was dependent on innoculum size and number of days. At day 7 conventional yoghurt A, tiger nut yoghurt and conventional yoghurt B recorded the highest loads of TVC (3.8 x 102), TCC (4.33 x 102) and TBC (6.12 x 107), while the highest loads of 3.3 x 105 (TVC), 5.1 x 103 (TCC) and 4.1 x 106 (TBC) are observed in the tiger nut yoghurt, yoghurts A and B at day 14 respectively. The study recommends production and promotion of plant basedyoghurts drink for improvement of healthy and unhealthy individuals.
这项研究评估了虎坚果和某些传统酸奶的理化、化学和微生物成分。研究期间进行了相应的近似物、矿物质、维生素、化学和理化分析以及细菌分析。近似物分析结果表明，虎坚果的脂肪和粗纤维成分与传统酸奶相比差异很大（p < 0.05），而灰分的浓度值没有明显差异（p > 0.05）。虎坚果酸奶的维生素 C 含量最高，为 8.39±0.04 毫克/升，而所有酸奶中的镉、镍和铅均低于检测限。传统酸奶和虎坚果酸奶中的铜浓度值差异很大（p < 0.5）。虎坚果酸奶中的多酚、总单宁和植酸的浓度值差异很大（p < 0.05）。结果表明，A、B 样品和虎坚果酸奶的 pH 值、TTA 值和电导率值没有明显差异（p > 0.05），而粘度、TSS、TS 和镁则有明显差异（p < 0.05）。嗜酸乳杆菌的微生物细胞数取决于酵母菌摆的大小和天数。在第 7 天，传统酸奶 A、虎坚果酸奶和传统酸奶 B 的 TVC（3.8 x 102）、TCC（4.33 x 102）和 TBC（6.12 x 107）含量最高，而在第 14 天，虎坚果酸奶、酸奶 A 和酸奶 B 的 TVC（3.3 x 105）、TCC（5.1 x 103）和 TBC（4.1 x 106）含量最高。该研究建议生产和推广植物酸奶饮料，以改善健康和不健康人群的状况。
{"title":"Appraisal of Proximate Composition in Tiger Nut Yogurts and Selected Commercially Available Yogurts in Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study","authors":"Onuigbo, O. T., Nwamarah, J. U., Oparaji, E. H., Onuigbo, A. C., Ogwo, B. O.","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1636","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the physicochemical, chemical and microbial compositions of tiger nut and selected conventional yoghurts. During the study proximate, mineral, vitamins, chemical and physicochemical and bacterial analysis were done accordingly. The results of proximate analysisshow that the fat and crude fibre compositions of tiger nut differed significantly (p < 0.05) with the values of conventional yoghurts, while no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the concentration values of ash. Tiger nut yoghurts recorded highest values of 8.39±0.04 mg/l (vitamin C), while Cd, Ni and Pb were below detectable limit in all the yoghurts. The concentration values of Cu in the conventional and tiger nut yoghurts varied significantly (p < 0.5). Tiger nut yoghurt concentration values of polyphenol, total tannin and phytate are significantly different (p < 0.05). Results show that pH, TTA and conductivity values in sample A, B and tiger nut yoghurts are not significantly different (p > 0.05), while it differed significantly (p < 0.05) with reference to viscosity, TSS, TS and magnesium. The microbial cell count of Lactobacillus acidophilus was dependent on innoculum size and number of days. At day 7 conventional yoghurt A, tiger nut yoghurt and conventional yoghurt B recorded the highest loads of TVC (3.8 x 102), TCC (4.33 x 102) and TBC (6.12 x 107), while the highest loads of 3.3 x 105 (TVC), 5.1 x 103 (TCC) and 4.1 x 106 (TBC) are observed in the tiger nut yoghurt, yoghurts A and B at day 14 respectively. The study recommends production and promotion of plant basedyoghurts drink for improvement of healthy and unhealthy individuals.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"50 s26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1636
Onuigbo, O. T., Nwamarah, J. U., Oparaji, E. H., Onuigbo, A. C., Ogwo, B. O.
This study evaluated the physicochemical, chemical and microbial compositions of tiger nut and selected conventional yoghurts. During the study proximate, mineral, vitamins, chemical and physicochemical and bacterial analysis were done accordingly. The results of proximate analysisshow that the fat and crude fibre compositions of tiger nut differed significantly (p < 0.05) with the values of conventional yoghurts, while no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the concentration values of ash. Tiger nut yoghurts recorded highest values of 8.39±0.04 mg/l (vitamin C), while Cd, Ni and Pb were below detectable limit in all the yoghurts. The concentration values of Cu in the conventional and tiger nut yoghurts varied significantly (p < 0.5). Tiger nut yoghurt concentration values of polyphenol, total tannin and phytate are significantly different (p < 0.05). Results show that pH, TTA and conductivity values in sample A, B and tiger nut yoghurts are not significantly different (p > 0.05), while it differed significantly (p < 0.05) with reference to viscosity, TSS, TS and magnesium. The microbial cell count of Lactobacillus acidophilus was dependent on innoculum size and number of days. At day 7 conventional yoghurt A, tiger nut yoghurt and conventional yoghurt B recorded the highest loads of TVC (3.8 x 102), TCC (4.33 x 102) and TBC (6.12 x 107), while the highest loads of 3.3 x 105 (TVC), 5.1 x 103 (TCC) and 4.1 x 106 (TBC) are observed in the tiger nut yoghurt, yoghurts A and B at day 14 respectively. The study recommends production and promotion of plant basedyoghurts drink for improvement of healthy and unhealthy individuals.
这项研究评估了虎坚果和某些传统酸奶的理化、化学和微生物成分。研究期间进行了相应的近似物、矿物质、维生素、化学和理化分析以及细菌分析。近似物分析结果表明，虎坚果的脂肪和粗纤维成分与传统酸奶相比差异很大（p < 0.05），而灰分的浓度值没有明显差异（p > 0.05）。虎坚果酸奶的维生素 C 含量最高，为 8.39±0.04 毫克/升，而所有酸奶中的镉、镍和铅均低于检测限。传统酸奶和虎坚果酸奶中的铜浓度值差异很大（p < 0.5）。虎坚果酸奶中的多酚、总单宁和植酸的浓度值差异很大（p < 0.05）。结果表明，A、B 样品和虎坚果酸奶的 pH 值、TTA 值和电导率值没有明显差异（p > 0.05），而粘度、TSS、TS 和镁则有明显差异（p < 0.05）。嗜酸乳杆菌的微生物细胞数取决于酵母菌摆的大小和天数。在第 7 天，传统酸奶 A、虎坚果酸奶和传统酸奶 B 的 TVC（3.8 x 102）、TCC（4.33 x 102）和 TBC（6.12 x 107）含量最高，而在第 14 天，虎坚果酸奶、酸奶 A 和酸奶 B 的 TVC（3.3 x 105）、TCC（5.1 x 103）和 TBC（4.1 x 106）含量最高。该研究建议生产和推广植物酸奶饮料，以改善健康和不健康人群的状况。
{"title":"Appraisal of Proximate Composition in Tiger Nut Yogurts and Selected Commercially Available Yogurts in Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria: A Comparative Study","authors":"Onuigbo, O. T., Nwamarah, J. U., Oparaji, E. H., Onuigbo, A. C., Ogwo, B. O.","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1636","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the physicochemical, chemical and microbial compositions of tiger nut and selected conventional yoghurts. During the study proximate, mineral, vitamins, chemical and physicochemical and bacterial analysis were done accordingly. The results of proximate analysisshow that the fat and crude fibre compositions of tiger nut differed significantly (p < 0.05) with the values of conventional yoghurts, while no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in the concentration values of ash. Tiger nut yoghurts recorded highest values of 8.39±0.04 mg/l (vitamin C), while Cd, Ni and Pb were below detectable limit in all the yoghurts. The concentration values of Cu in the conventional and tiger nut yoghurts varied significantly (p < 0.5). Tiger nut yoghurt concentration values of polyphenol, total tannin and phytate are significantly different (p < 0.05). Results show that pH, TTA and conductivity values in sample A, B and tiger nut yoghurts are not significantly different (p > 0.05), while it differed significantly (p < 0.05) with reference to viscosity, TSS, TS and magnesium. The microbial cell count of Lactobacillus acidophilus was dependent on innoculum size and number of days. At day 7 conventional yoghurt A, tiger nut yoghurt and conventional yoghurt B recorded the highest loads of TVC (3.8 x 102), TCC (4.33 x 102) and TBC (6.12 x 107), while the highest loads of 3.3 x 105 (TVC), 5.1 x 103 (TCC) and 4.1 x 106 (TBC) are observed in the tiger nut yoghurt, yoghurts A and B at day 14 respectively. The study recommends production and promotion of plant basedyoghurts drink for improvement of healthy and unhealthy individuals.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"283 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139857358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1635
Adama Sawadogo, Djibrine Adoum Oumar, H. Cissé, Blandine O. Oussale, Querène M.A. Badoun, Sandaogo Sawadogo, Fulbert Nikiéma, C. Zongo, A. Tidjani, A. Savadogo
In Burkina Faso, the pulp of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) is mainly used to produce fruit juices or candies called toedo candies. Teodo candies are produced and sold in the markets and popular with the people. However, there is little data on the physicochemical, nutritional and microbiological characteristics of teodo candies produced in Ouagadougou. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, nutritional and microbiological characteristics of these teodo candies. To carry out the study, 9 samples of toedo candy were taken from different producers in the city of Ouagadougou. The physicochemical and microbiological characteristics were determined by standard methods. Mineral contents were determined by flame spectrometry. The results obtained show that the toedo candies have an average ash content of 1.3±0.21 to 1.9±0.06%, a titratable acidity of 0.131±0.001 to 0.168±0.002%, a pH varying from 3.87±0.10 to 3.91±0.10, a water content from 3.84±0.00 to 16.06±0.14% and a dry matter (DM) content of 84.04±0.14 to 96.16±0.00%. In addition, this study revelead that these samples are rich in micronutrients such as : iron (49.30 to 127.50 mg/100 g DM), magnesium (3.53 to 42.38 mg/100 g DM), zinc (1.37 to 14.92 mg/100 g DM) and calcium (17.60 to 43.30 mg/100 g DM). Microbiological analyzes indicate the presence of total mesophilic aerobic flora (TMAF), yeasts and molds (YM) and coliforms in the samples analyzed with loads of 2.2x103 to 4.9x104 CFU/g, ˂10 to 2.0x102 CFU/g and ˂10 to 5.0x102 CFU/g respectively. For all the germs studied, 11.11% of the samples were of unsatisfactory quality, 44.44% of acceptable quality and 44.44% of satisfactory quality.
{"title":"Study of the Physicochemical, Nutritional and Microbiological Quality of Toedo Candies Produced in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","authors":"Adama Sawadogo, Djibrine Adoum Oumar, H. Cissé, Blandine O. Oussale, Querène M.A. Badoun, Sandaogo Sawadogo, Fulbert Nikiéma, C. Zongo, A. Tidjani, A. Savadogo","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1635","url":null,"abstract":"In Burkina Faso, the pulp of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) is mainly used to produce fruit juices or candies called toedo candies. Teodo candies are produced and sold in the markets and popular with the people. However, there is little data on the physicochemical, nutritional and microbiological characteristics of teodo candies produced in Ouagadougou. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, nutritional and microbiological characteristics of these teodo candies. To carry out the study, 9 samples of toedo candy were taken from different producers in the city of Ouagadougou. The physicochemical and microbiological characteristics were determined by standard methods. Mineral contents were determined by flame spectrometry. The results obtained show that the toedo candies have an average ash content of 1.3±0.21 to 1.9±0.06%, a titratable acidity of 0.131±0.001 to 0.168±0.002%, a pH varying from 3.87±0.10 to 3.91±0.10, a water content from 3.84±0.00 to 16.06±0.14% and a dry matter (DM) content of 84.04±0.14 to 96.16±0.00%. In addition, this study revelead that these samples are rich in micronutrients such as : iron (49.30 to 127.50 mg/100 g DM), magnesium (3.53 to 42.38 mg/100 g DM), zinc (1.37 to 14.92 mg/100 g DM) and calcium (17.60 to 43.30 mg/100 g DM). Microbiological analyzes indicate the presence of total mesophilic aerobic flora (TMAF), yeasts and molds (YM) and coliforms in the samples analyzed with loads of 2.2x103 to 4.9x104 CFU/g, ˂10 to 2.0x102 CFU/g and ˂10 to 5.0x102 CFU/g respectively. For all the germs studied, 11.11% of the samples were of unsatisfactory quality, 44.44% of acceptable quality and 44.44% of satisfactory quality.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"65 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-06DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1635
Adama Sawadogo, Djibrine Adoum Oumar, H. Cissé, Blandine O. Oussale, Querène M.A. Badoun, Sandaogo Sawadogo, Fulbert Nikiéma, C. Zongo, A. Tidjani, A. Savadogo
In Burkina Faso, the pulp of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) is mainly used to produce fruit juices or candies called toedo candies. Teodo candies are produced and sold in the markets and popular with the people. However, there is little data on the physicochemical, nutritional and microbiological characteristics of teodo candies produced in Ouagadougou. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, nutritional and microbiological characteristics of these teodo candies. To carry out the study, 9 samples of toedo candy were taken from different producers in the city of Ouagadougou. The physicochemical and microbiological characteristics were determined by standard methods. Mineral contents were determined by flame spectrometry. The results obtained show that the toedo candies have an average ash content of 1.3±0.21 to 1.9±0.06%, a titratable acidity of 0.131±0.001 to 0.168±0.002%, a pH varying from 3.87±0.10 to 3.91±0.10, a water content from 3.84±0.00 to 16.06±0.14% and a dry matter (DM) content of 84.04±0.14 to 96.16±0.00%. In addition, this study revelead that these samples are rich in micronutrients such as : iron (49.30 to 127.50 mg/100 g DM), magnesium (3.53 to 42.38 mg/100 g DM), zinc (1.37 to 14.92 mg/100 g DM) and calcium (17.60 to 43.30 mg/100 g DM). Microbiological analyzes indicate the presence of total mesophilic aerobic flora (TMAF), yeasts and molds (YM) and coliforms in the samples analyzed with loads of 2.2x103 to 4.9x104 CFU/g, ˂10 to 2.0x102 CFU/g and ˂10 to 5.0x102 CFU/g respectively. For all the germs studied, 11.11% of the samples were of unsatisfactory quality, 44.44% of acceptable quality and 44.44% of satisfactory quality.
{"title":"Study of the Physicochemical, Nutritional and Microbiological Quality of Toedo Candies Produced in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","authors":"Adama Sawadogo, Djibrine Adoum Oumar, H. Cissé, Blandine O. Oussale, Querène M.A. Badoun, Sandaogo Sawadogo, Fulbert Nikiéma, C. Zongo, A. Tidjani, A. Savadogo","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1635","url":null,"abstract":"In Burkina Faso, the pulp of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata) is mainly used to produce fruit juices or candies called toedo candies. Teodo candies are produced and sold in the markets and popular with the people. However, there is little data on the physicochemical, nutritional and microbiological characteristics of teodo candies produced in Ouagadougou. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, nutritional and microbiological characteristics of these teodo candies. To carry out the study, 9 samples of toedo candy were taken from different producers in the city of Ouagadougou. The physicochemical and microbiological characteristics were determined by standard methods. Mineral contents were determined by flame spectrometry. The results obtained show that the toedo candies have an average ash content of 1.3±0.21 to 1.9±0.06%, a titratable acidity of 0.131±0.001 to 0.168±0.002%, a pH varying from 3.87±0.10 to 3.91±0.10, a water content from 3.84±0.00 to 16.06±0.14% and a dry matter (DM) content of 84.04±0.14 to 96.16±0.00%. In addition, this study revelead that these samples are rich in micronutrients such as : iron (49.30 to 127.50 mg/100 g DM), magnesium (3.53 to 42.38 mg/100 g DM), zinc (1.37 to 14.92 mg/100 g DM) and calcium (17.60 to 43.30 mg/100 g DM). Microbiological analyzes indicate the presence of total mesophilic aerobic flora (TMAF), yeasts and molds (YM) and coliforms in the samples analyzed with loads of 2.2x103 to 4.9x104 CFU/g, ˂10 to 2.0x102 CFU/g and ˂10 to 5.0x102 CFU/g respectively. For all the germs studied, 11.11% of the samples were of unsatisfactory quality, 44.44% of acceptable quality and 44.44% of satisfactory quality.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chromolaena odorata is a medicinal plant that possesses several properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, etc., and has been used in traditional medicine in various parts of the world. Medicinal plants are associated with endophytic fungi that have potential biological activities as well as protect the plant from biotic and abiotic agents. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves, stems, roots, and inflorescence of C. odorata and identified morphologically. Nineteen sporulating endophytic fungi belonging to 9 genera, 8 families and 4 classes, and three sterile forms were obtained. The isolation data recorded were used to calculate Isolation rate, Colonization frequency, Infection rate and Relative occurrence of different groups of fungi. The highest Isolation rate was found in the stem part (34.75%); the highest overall Colonization frequency (%) was shown by Chaetomium globosum (8.51%); the maximum Infection rate was found in root segments (77.86%); and the maximum isolate belongs to Sordariomycetes, showing 43.50%. Simpson’s dominance index, Simpson’s diversity index, Species richness, Shannon-Wiener index and Evenness (E) index were calculated to reveal diversity indices. The maximum diversity was recorded in the leaf part (0.99), and the maximum number of endophytic fungal species was observed in stem segments. The production of biochemicals was analyzed qualitatively, and it was observed that all the isolates produce flavonoids and phenols. This indicates that endophytic fungi are a storehouse of natural compounds and can be applied in agriculture, medicine, and pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"Distribution, Diversity and Biochemical Analysis of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Chromolaena odorata","authors":"Kistu Singh Nongthombam, Shyamkesho Singh Mutum, Radha Raman Pandey","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1634","url":null,"abstract":"Chromolaena odorata is a medicinal plant that possesses several properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, etc., and has been used in traditional medicine in various parts of the world. Medicinal plants are associated with endophytic fungi that have potential biological activities as well as protect the plant from biotic and abiotic agents. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves, stems, roots, and inflorescence of C. odorata and identified morphologically. Nineteen sporulating endophytic fungi belonging to 9 genera, 8 families and 4 classes, and three sterile forms were obtained. The isolation data recorded were used to calculate Isolation rate, Colonization frequency, Infection rate and Relative occurrence of different groups of fungi. The highest Isolation rate was found in the stem part (34.75%); the highest overall Colonization frequency (%) was shown by Chaetomium globosum (8.51%); the maximum Infection rate was found in root segments (77.86%); and the maximum isolate belongs to Sordariomycetes, showing 43.50%. Simpson’s dominance index, Simpson’s diversity index, Species richness, Shannon-Wiener index and Evenness (E) index were calculated to reveal diversity indices. The maximum diversity was recorded in the leaf part (0.99), and the maximum number of endophytic fungal species was observed in stem segments. The production of biochemicals was analyzed qualitatively, and it was observed that all the isolates produce flavonoids and phenols. This indicates that endophytic fungi are a storehouse of natural compounds and can be applied in agriculture, medicine, and pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"42 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139599290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1633
Amritha V. N. Nair, Beela G. K.
Aim: To assess the impact of Nutrition education through innovative story telling in fruits consumption among the pre-school children with autism spectrum disorder. Sample: Ninety children with autism spectrum disorder were selected from Preschools and BUDS schools of Thiruvananthapuram district. Study Design: To assess fruit consumption of pre-school children (3-6 years) with autism spectrum disorder, ninety children with autism spectrum disorder was selected from urban and rural areas of Trivandrum district, Kerala. Out of ninety, forty-five children with ASD were randomly selected as experiment group and forty-five children as control group. The experimental group received the nutrition education through story telling using story books. Place of study: Urban and rural areas of Trivandrum district were randomly selected for study. Methodology: Frequency of fruits consumption of 90 children (45 as control and 45 as experimental group) were collected using food frequency questionnaire in pre and post phase. After the nutrition education, pre and post scores of both groups were compared to find the deviation among the population. Results: Majority of the children with autism spectrum disorder shows significant changes in post Nutrition education. Frequency of fruits consumption increased after the Nutrition education in the experimental group compared to control group. Conclusion: Early childhood is a period of rapid growth and is an important phase for developing eating habits because the dietary behaviours acquired during the early years of life can extend to adulthood. Fruits are rich in fibre, nutrients, and vitamins. It's important to encourage children to consume a range of fruits and veggies. It protects against illness and promotes health both now and in the future.
{"title":"Impact of Nutrition Education through Innovative Story Telling in Pre-School Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Amritha V. N. Nair, Beela G. K.","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2024/v27i1633","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To assess the impact of Nutrition education through innovative story telling in fruits consumption among the pre-school children with autism spectrum disorder. \u0000Sample: Ninety children with autism spectrum disorder were selected from Preschools and BUDS schools of Thiruvananthapuram district. \u0000Study Design: To assess fruit consumption of pre-school children (3-6 years) with autism spectrum disorder, ninety children with autism spectrum disorder was selected from urban and rural areas of Trivandrum district, Kerala. Out of ninety, forty-five children with ASD were randomly selected as experiment group and forty-five children as control group. The experimental group received the nutrition education through story telling using story books. \u0000Place of study: Urban and rural areas of Trivandrum district were randomly selected for study. \u0000Methodology: Frequency of fruits consumption of 90 children (45 as control and 45 as experimental group) were collected using food frequency questionnaire in pre and post phase. After the nutrition education, pre and post scores of both groups were compared to find the deviation among the population. \u0000Results: Majority of the children with autism spectrum disorder shows significant changes in post Nutrition education. Frequency of fruits consumption increased after the Nutrition education in the experimental group compared to control group. \u0000Conclusion: Early childhood is a period of rapid growth and is an important phase for developing eating habits because the dietary behaviours acquired during the early years of life can extend to adulthood. Fruits are rich in fibre, nutrients, and vitamins. It's important to encourage children to consume a range of fruits and veggies. It protects against illness and promotes health both now and in the future.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6631
J. H. Buduwara, R. S. Naphtali, T. Adiel, R. Sami, M. L. Tafem, M. F. Tadouno
The advance of battle by mosquito species to artificial chemicals has obliged the unrelenting pursuit of nontoxic ones from plants. This study screened the qualitative phytochemicals and evaluated the larvicidal efficacy of extracts of Jatropha curcas leaves, stem-bark and root extracts against third and fourth mosquito instar larvae. The J. curcas obtained were subjected to extraction by maceration. Qualitative phytochemical screening of ethanolic stem-bark, aqueous and ethanolic root extracts plants showed the presence of phenols, saponins, steroids flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates and terpenoids. The aqueous extracts of the leaves and stem-bark showed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, saponins, and terpenoids whereas, ethanolic leaves extract had similar phytochemicals with the leaves and stem-bark aqueous extracts but did not have steroids. Twenty-four (24) hours exposure of different concentrations (2.0mg/ml, 4.0mg/ml, 6.0mg/ml, 8.0mg/ml, 10 mg/ml) of various extracts showed that larval mortality increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in extracts concentration. Aqueous stem-bark extract showed highest mortality with 87% against third mosquito instar larvae followed by aqueous, ethanolic root extracts against third and fourth mosquito instar larvae respectively with 85% larval mortality. However, least mortality was observed in ethanolic leaf extract with 5% larval mortality against fourth mosquito instar larvae. Low LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were noticed in ethanolic root and aqueous stem-bark extracts with 2.19mg/ml and 11.51mg/ml respectively. Whereas the highest LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were noticed in both ethanolic leaves extracts with 14.09mg/ml and 26.20mg/ml respectively against fourth mosquito instar larvae. Conclusively, aqueous stem-bark and ethanolic root extracts can be harnessed to control 50% and 90% mosquito instar larval mortality respectively. However, there is a need to ascertain the quantities of bioactive components of J. curcas and its toxicity to non-target organisms.
{"title":"Qualitative Phytochemical Screening and Larvicidal Efficacy of Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas) Leaves, Stem-bark and Root Extracts on Mosquito Larvae","authors":"J. H. Buduwara, R. S. Naphtali, T. Adiel, R. Sami, M. L. Tafem, M. F. Tadouno","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6631","url":null,"abstract":"The advance of battle by mosquito species to artificial chemicals has obliged the unrelenting pursuit of nontoxic ones from plants. This study screened the qualitative phytochemicals and evaluated the larvicidal efficacy of extracts of Jatropha curcas leaves, stem-bark and root extracts against third and fourth mosquito instar larvae. The J. curcas obtained were subjected to extraction by maceration. Qualitative phytochemical screening of ethanolic stem-bark, aqueous and ethanolic root extracts plants showed the presence of phenols, saponins, steroids flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates and terpenoids. The aqueous extracts of the leaves and stem-bark showed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, phenols, saponins, and terpenoids whereas, ethanolic leaves extract had similar phytochemicals with the leaves and stem-bark aqueous extracts but did not have steroids. Twenty-four (24) hours exposure of different concentrations (2.0mg/ml, 4.0mg/ml, 6.0mg/ml, 8.0mg/ml, 10 mg/ml) of various extracts showed that larval mortality increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in extracts concentration. Aqueous stem-bark extract showed highest mortality with 87% against third mosquito instar larvae followed by aqueous, ethanolic root extracts against third and fourth mosquito instar larvae respectively with 85% larval mortality. However, least mortality was observed in ethanolic leaf extract with 5% larval mortality against fourth mosquito instar larvae. Low LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were noticed in ethanolic root and aqueous stem-bark extracts with 2.19mg/ml and 11.51mg/ml respectively. Whereas the highest LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values were noticed in both ethanolic leaves extracts with 14.09mg/ml and 26.20mg/ml respectively against fourth mosquito instar larvae. Conclusively, aqueous stem-bark and ethanolic root extracts can be harnessed to control 50% and 90% mosquito instar larval mortality respectively. However, there is a need to ascertain the quantities of bioactive components of J. curcas and its toxicity to non-target organisms.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6629
S. Jaikishun, Shikui Song, Zhenbiao Yang
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is poised to be a global life changer with its ability to adapt to a wide range of abiotic stresses and as a highly nutritious and sustainable food source. A trial on screening of salt tolerance was conducted at the germination and seedling stages of 69 quinoa genotypes in different concentrations of NaCl 0 (CK), 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM for 21 days in the MS/2 mixture. This results in 16 genotypes with >50% germination at 400 mM NaCl. These were reassessed in germination indices and relative growth. Results indicated that Chadmo had the highest germinability of 97% and 32.76% relative height among the 16 genotypes. Considering the germination indices, Chadmo had significantly different values (3.05±0.19 day-1) in mean germination time, coefficient of variation of the germination time (38.76±1.97%), the velocity of germination (0.23±0.01 day-1), the uncertainty of germination (0.54±0.08 bit), synchrony of germination (0.42±0.05 and Timson’s index (48.89) with significant differences (P<0.05) among the genotypes. Moreover, Chadmo had the highest membrane stability index (MSI) (60.03±11.84) at 400 mM NaCl and the least relative change between the CK and 400 mM NaCl with 30.87±2.01%. Assessing the stress inhibitory effect of the 16 genotypes, Chadmo had the least relative difference between the CK and 400 mM NaCl with shoot length of 34.34%, root length of 25.57%, fresh weight of 22.05%, dry weight of 3.62% and moisture content of 1.99% with Tukey analyses identifying significant differences (p<0.05). To select the salt-sensitive genotype, an assessment was done on five genotypes that exhibited the least germination at 200 mM NaCl. Kankolla had the least germinability with 12 and 4% at 100 and 200 mM NaCl, respectively. Considering all these parameters, Chadmo and Kankolla were selected as salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive for further analyses.
{"title":"Screening for Salt Tolerance in Chenopodium quinoa Genotype Seedlings through Germination in a Hydroponic System","authors":"S. Jaikishun, Shikui Song, Zhenbiao Yang","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6629","url":null,"abstract":"Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is poised to be a global life changer with its ability to adapt to a wide range of abiotic stresses and as a highly nutritious and sustainable food source. A trial on screening of salt tolerance was conducted at the germination and seedling stages of 69 quinoa genotypes in different concentrations of NaCl 0 (CK), 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM for 21 days in the MS/2 mixture. This results in 16 genotypes with >50% germination at 400 mM NaCl. These were reassessed in germination indices and relative growth. Results indicated that Chadmo had the highest germinability of 97% and 32.76% relative height among the 16 genotypes. Considering the germination indices, Chadmo had significantly different values (3.05±0.19 day-1) in mean germination time, coefficient of variation of the germination time (38.76±1.97%), the velocity of germination (0.23±0.01 day-1), the uncertainty of germination (0.54±0.08 bit), synchrony of germination (0.42±0.05 and Timson’s index (48.89) with significant differences (P<0.05) among the genotypes. Moreover, Chadmo had the highest membrane stability index (MSI) (60.03±11.84) at 400 mM NaCl and the least relative change between the CK and 400 mM NaCl with 30.87±2.01%. Assessing the stress inhibitory effect of the 16 genotypes, Chadmo had the least relative difference between the CK and 400 mM NaCl with shoot length of 34.34%, root length of 25.57%, fresh weight of 22.05%, dry weight of 3.62% and moisture content of 1.99% with Tukey analyses identifying significant differences (p<0.05). To select the salt-sensitive genotype, an assessment was done on five genotypes that exhibited the least germination at 200 mM NaCl. Kankolla had the least germinability with 12 and 4% at 100 and 200 mM NaCl, respectively. Considering all these parameters, Chadmo and Kankolla were selected as salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive for further analyses.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"68 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138967610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6630
Issiaka Togola, M. Konaré, Cheickna Cissé, N. Diarra
The anti-inflammatory potential was estimated using cancer cells, by quantifying nitrites (NO) based on colorimetric method (Griess reaction) and the cell viability based on the WST-1 assay. The antiproliferative activity was assessed on cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7) using the Cell Titer Glo® assay. A phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the main groups of bioactive compounds present in these extracts. The phytochemical analysis revealed that leaf extracts from all three Datura species are sources of various secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids and coumarins. The highest anti-inflammatory power was recorded with D. stramonium and D. innoxia extracts. with a concentration of 10 µg/mL of each extract, murine macrophages have normally grown, with NO inhibition rates of 30.05 ±3.11% and 25.70 ±2.04% for D. innoxia and D. stramonium respectively. The anticancer activity was more pronounced with D. stramonium extracts, which showed 13.33±3.05% of viability rate on the HeLa cell line at 50 µg/mL. In contrast, at the same concentration, the MCF-7 cell line was more sensitive to D. innoxia extracts, with a viability rate of 42.67±2.52%. The results of that study showed that three Datura species investigated have immunostimulant potential which could them to be useful in the treatment of breast and cervical cancers.
通过比色法（Griess 反应）对亚硝酸盐（NO）进行定量，并根据 WST-1 试验对细胞存活率进行测定，从而利用癌细胞评估其抗炎潜力。使用细胞滴度 Glo® 法对细胞系（HeLa 和 MCF-7）的抗增殖活性进行了评估。进行了植物化学筛选，以确定这些提取物中存在的主要生物活性化合物群。植物化学分析显示，这三种曼陀罗叶提取物都含有各种次生代谢物，包括生物碱、黄酮类和香豆素。当每种提取物的浓度为 10 µg/mL 时，小鼠巨噬细胞正常生长，D. innoxia 和 D. stramonium 的 NO 抑制率分别为 30.05 ±3.11% 和 25.70 ±2.04% 。石蒜提取物的抗癌活性更为明显，在 50 µg/mL 浓度下，其对 HeLa 细胞株的存活率为 13.33±3.05%。相比之下，在相同浓度下，MCF-7 细胞株对 D. innoxia 提取物更为敏感，其存活率为 42.67±2.52%。该研究结果表明，所研究的三种曼陀罗属植物具有免疫刺激潜力，可用于治疗乳腺癌和宫颈癌。
{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-cancer Activities of Leaf Extracts from Three Datura Species Found in Mali","authors":"Issiaka Togola, M. Konaré, Cheickna Cissé, N. Diarra","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6630","url":null,"abstract":"The anti-inflammatory potential was estimated using cancer cells, by quantifying nitrites (NO) based on colorimetric method (Griess reaction) and the cell viability based on the WST-1 assay. The antiproliferative activity was assessed on cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7) using the Cell Titer Glo® assay. A phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the main groups of bioactive compounds present in these extracts. The phytochemical analysis revealed that leaf extracts from all three Datura species are sources of various secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids and coumarins. The highest anti-inflammatory power was recorded with D. stramonium and D. innoxia extracts. with a concentration of 10 µg/mL of each extract, murine macrophages have normally grown, with NO inhibition rates of 30.05 ±3.11% and 25.70 ±2.04% for D. innoxia and D. stramonium respectively. The anticancer activity was more pronounced with D. stramonium extracts, which showed 13.33±3.05% of viability rate on the HeLa cell line at 50 µg/mL. In contrast, at the same concentration, the MCF-7 cell line was more sensitive to D. innoxia extracts, with a viability rate of 42.67±2.52%. The results of that study showed that three Datura species investigated have immunostimulant potential which could them to be useful in the treatment of breast and cervical cancers.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"57 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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