Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6628
Olanrewaju John Adedayo, Tairu Tajudeen Tunde, Olowolafe Tubosun Alex, Amoo Olakunle M., Laba Sunday Ademola
By implementing an adaptable sanitary landfill for an efficient solid waste management system any institution can reduce the risk to the environment and public health while promoting social inclusivity and urban sustainability through resource conservation and material recovery. As a result of Lead City University of Ibadan's extraordinary student growth, the university was forced to scramble to find practical solutions to its waste management problems because sustainable development and environmental sustainability are the primary goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The adaptive sanitary landfill was therefore designed on the basis of waste control, which was characterized by the presence of a liner and a leachate collection system to prevent groundwater contamination and a capping system to prevent air contamination. As a result, the management of solid waste beneath the university system was the focus of this experimental study. After the waste was sorted, quantified, and characterized, an experimental method was used to measure the four major liquefied gases (LFGs): carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ammonia gas (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and nitrogen gas (NH3) using a gas monitoring meter. The measurements were taken both before and after the construction of an adaptive sanitary landfill. The concentrations of liquefied gases (LFG) were measured in the morning and afternoon. Adding activated charcoal had the effect of increasing the liquefied gas production. Lastly, adding animal manures resulted in a greater liquefied gas production than when it was not added. In order to provide a planning mechanism for creating a cohesive, financially secure, ecologically conscious, and socially inclusive university environment through sustainable waste management, the research project aims to strengthen the basic framework for inclusive waste management through the construction of an adaptive sanitary landfill at Lead City University, Ibadan.
{"title":"Critical Appraisal of Institutional Solid Waste Management: Case Study of Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"Olanrewaju John Adedayo, Tairu Tajudeen Tunde, Olowolafe Tubosun Alex, Amoo Olakunle M., Laba Sunday Ademola","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6628","url":null,"abstract":"By implementing an adaptable sanitary landfill for an efficient solid waste management system any institution can reduce the risk to the environment and public health while promoting social inclusivity and urban sustainability through resource conservation and material recovery. As a result of Lead City University of Ibadan's extraordinary student growth, the university was forced to scramble to find practical solutions to its waste management problems because sustainable development and environmental sustainability are the primary goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The adaptive sanitary landfill was therefore designed on the basis of waste control, which was characterized by the presence of a liner and a leachate collection system to prevent groundwater contamination and a capping system to prevent air contamination. As a result, the management of solid waste beneath the university system was the focus of this experimental study. \u0000After the waste was sorted, quantified, and characterized, an experimental method was used to measure the four major liquefied gases (LFGs): carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), ammonia gas (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and nitrogen gas (NH3) using a gas monitoring meter. The measurements were taken both before and after the construction of an adaptive sanitary landfill. The concentrations of liquefied gases (LFG) were measured in the morning and afternoon. Adding activated charcoal had the effect of increasing the liquefied gas production. Lastly, adding animal manures resulted in a greater liquefied gas production than when it was not added. \u0000In order to provide a planning mechanism for creating a cohesive, financially secure, ecologically conscious, and socially inclusive university environment through sustainable waste management, the research project aims to strengthen the basic framework for inclusive waste management through the construction of an adaptive sanitary landfill at Lead City University, Ibadan.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"53 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6627
A. Sawadogo, H. Cissé, E. Taale, Aicha Kambou, Carole P. Ouédraogo, Lancina Séré, Agnès Sondo, C. Zongo, A. Savadogo
Small-scale cereal-based food production companies have recently been growing in Ouagadougou. The promoters of these companies do not always apply good hygiene practices (GHP) during their activities, which can lead to the production of food of unsatisfactory quality, which can threaten the health of consumers. In view of this observation, this study was initiated with the aim of assessing the sanitary quality of four pre-cooked cereal-based foods produced in Ouagadougou's city. Thus, 27 samples of these foods (rice and maize couscous, millet and sorghum dèguè) were collected and sent to the laboratory. Microbiological and physico-chemical analyses using standard methods were performed on these samples. The results obtained show that for all the samples of the four foods, the pH varies from 6.20±0.02 to 7.79±0.01 while the water content varies from 4.80±0.72% to 9.19±0.01%. The dry matter content of the samples was between 90.00±0.01% and 95.20±0.07%. The water and oil absorption capacities of the samples vary from 130.26±5.10% to 162.02±4.20% and from 90.09±0.00% to 115.05±7.03% respectively. The loads of Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (TAMF) and Yeasts and Molds (YM) vary, respectively, from 1.33±0.71x102 CFU/g to 1.24±0.54x104 CFU/g and from <10 CFU/g to 2.20±0.14x103 CFU/g. For most samples, total coliforms (TC) and Thermotolerant Coliforms (TTC) loads were less than 10 CFU/g. Salmonella-Shigella was absent from all samples. Referring to the standards, for all the germs studied, 100% of the rice couscous samples, 83.34% of the millet dèguè samples, 66.66% of the sorghum dèguè samples, and 77.78% of the maize couscous samples presented satisfactory microbiological quality.
{"title":"Assessment of the Sanitary Quality of Precooked Cereal-Based Foods Produced in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso","authors":"A. Sawadogo, H. Cissé, E. Taale, Aicha Kambou, Carole P. Ouédraogo, Lancina Séré, Agnès Sondo, C. Zongo, A. Savadogo","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6627","url":null,"abstract":"Small-scale cereal-based food production companies have recently been growing in Ouagadougou. The promoters of these companies do not always apply good hygiene practices (GHP) during their activities, which can lead to the production of food of unsatisfactory quality, which can threaten the health of consumers. In view of this observation, this study was initiated with the aim of assessing the sanitary quality of four pre-cooked cereal-based foods produced in Ouagadougou's city. Thus, 27 samples of these foods (rice and maize couscous, millet and sorghum dèguè) were collected and sent to the laboratory. Microbiological and physico-chemical analyses using standard methods were performed on these samples. The results obtained show that for all the samples of the four foods, the pH varies from 6.20±0.02 to 7.79±0.01 while the water content varies from 4.80±0.72% to 9.19±0.01%. The dry matter content of the samples was between 90.00±0.01% and 95.20±0.07%. The water and oil absorption capacities of the samples vary from 130.26±5.10% to 162.02±4.20% and from 90.09±0.00% to 115.05±7.03% respectively. The loads of Total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora (TAMF) and Yeasts and Molds (YM) vary, respectively, from 1.33±0.71x102 CFU/g to 1.24±0.54x104 CFU/g and from <10 CFU/g to 2.20±0.14x103 CFU/g. For most samples, total coliforms (TC) and Thermotolerant Coliforms (TTC) loads were less than 10 CFU/g. Salmonella-Shigella was absent from all samples. Referring to the standards, for all the germs studied, 100% of the rice couscous samples, 83.34% of the millet dèguè samples, 66.66% of the sorghum dèguè samples, and 77.78% of the maize couscous samples presented satisfactory microbiological quality.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139210138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6626
Richard N. Michael, Eunice O. Nwachukwu, Kasarachi S. Nnadede
Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) is among globally accepted means to reduce habitat destruction and fragmentation that result to loss of biodiversity. However, non-technical revision of EIA Procedural Guidelines to address emerging environmental concerns and news areas by Federal Ministry of Environment are preventing EIA from meeting above obligation in Nigeria. This study evaluated extent of critical habitat assessment/inclusion in Nigeria`s EIA reports. 100 EIA reports from Manufacturing, Infrastructure, Power, Agric/Roads and Petroleum sectors were assessed using critical habitat evaluation criteria consisting of 20 attributes; adapted from International Finance Corporation`s Guidance Note Six. Results show varying levels of critical habitat inclusion in the EIA reports. Though majority of the reports recognised the need for conservation of biodiversity and proffered mitigation measures for reducing habitat fragmentation and restoration in course of project development; the evaluated EIA reports did not deepen habitat screening of project area or adopted any quantification approach. There was no evidence to show that avoidance was deployed as part of mitigation hierarchies; likewise, partnership with conservation organizations to offset residual impacts. Also, none of the EIA reports suggested modification of project execution option(s) based on EIA outcome. Result of critical habitat inclusion evaluation amongst the sectors, shows mean inclusion scores for Power, (37.2%), Petroleum (36%), Manufacturing (33.7), Infrastructure (27.8%) and Agric/Road (22.8%) with overall mean inclusion value of 31.7%. ANOVA statistic deployed, showed no significant inclusion difference among the sectors (P-value = .103>.05). Recommendations were made for the use of technology and capacity building to enhance critical habitat assessment as part of EIA reports in Nigeria.
{"title":"Assessing the Inclusion of Critical Habitat Evaluation in Nigeria's Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Reports: A Crucial Step towards Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development","authors":"Richard N. Michael, Eunice O. Nwachukwu, Kasarachi S. Nnadede","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6626","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental Impact assessment (EIA) is among globally accepted means to reduce habitat destruction and fragmentation that result to loss of biodiversity. However, non-technical revision of EIA Procedural Guidelines to address emerging environmental concerns and news areas by Federal Ministry of Environment are preventing EIA from meeting above obligation in Nigeria. This study evaluated extent of critical habitat assessment/inclusion in Nigeria`s EIA reports. 100 EIA reports from Manufacturing, Infrastructure, Power, Agric/Roads and Petroleum sectors were assessed using critical habitat evaluation criteria consisting of 20 attributes; adapted from International Finance Corporation`s Guidance Note Six. Results show varying levels of critical habitat inclusion in the EIA reports. Though majority of the reports recognised the need for conservation of biodiversity and proffered mitigation measures for reducing habitat fragmentation and restoration in course of project development; the evaluated EIA reports did not deepen habitat screening of project area or adopted any quantification approach. There was no evidence to show that avoidance was deployed as part of mitigation hierarchies; likewise, partnership with conservation organizations to offset residual impacts. Also, none of the EIA reports suggested modification of project execution option(s) based on EIA outcome. Result of critical habitat inclusion evaluation amongst the sectors, shows mean inclusion scores for Power, (37.2%), Petroleum (36%), Manufacturing (33.7), Infrastructure (27.8%) and Agric/Road (22.8%) with overall mean inclusion value of 31.7%. ANOVA statistic deployed, showed no significant inclusion difference among the sectors (P-value = .103>.05). Recommendations were made for the use of technology and capacity building to enhance critical habitat assessment as part of EIA reports in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139236471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6625
Kouassi Kouassi Virgile, K. K. Didier, J. Félicia, Yao Kouadio Jacques-Edouard, Ble-Binaté Nozéné, Koné Klinnanga Noël, Kone Daouda
This study is part of the search for means and methods of sustainable control of Eldana saccharina, the main pest of sugarcane cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire. Despite efforts to control the pest through the selection of resistant varieties, the cultivation of healthy cuttings and the elimination of alternative host plants, the damage, which is already economically significant, continues to increase in the sugarcane-growing areas of Côte d'Ivoire. This study aims to evaluate the effect of two proven biopesticides, ASTOUN 50 EC and NECO 50 EC, on the palatability of E. saccharina larvae and adults. Firstly, different ages of larvae were reared on two nutrient media such as artificial medium and natural medium treated with increasing concentrations of the two biopesticides. 14, 21 and 28 days old larvae were incubated and changes in larval palatability were assessed over a 5-day period. The concentrations of biopesticides tested were 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 ml/l. In addition, the repellent effect of the biopesticides on the adults was assessed using the preferential zone method. The results showed that the biopesticide ASTOUN 50 EC is highly antiappetizing for larvae and repellent for adults of E. saccharina, unlike NECO 50 EC. It also greatly reduced the rate of oviposition in the treated compartments. This biopesticide can be tested in vivo for use against Eldana saccharina.
{"title":"Antiappetizing and Repellent Effect of Biopesticides ASTOUN 50 EC and NECO 50 EC on Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) under in vitro Conditions","authors":"Kouassi Kouassi Virgile, K. K. Didier, J. Félicia, Yao Kouadio Jacques-Edouard, Ble-Binaté Nozéné, Koné Klinnanga Noël, Kone Daouda","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6625","url":null,"abstract":"This study is part of the search for means and methods of sustainable control of Eldana saccharina, the main pest of sugarcane cultivation in Côte d'Ivoire. Despite efforts to control the pest through the selection of resistant varieties, the cultivation of healthy cuttings and the elimination of alternative host plants, the damage, which is already economically significant, continues to increase in the sugarcane-growing areas of Côte d'Ivoire. This study aims to evaluate the effect of two proven biopesticides, ASTOUN 50 EC and NECO 50 EC, on the palatability of E. saccharina larvae and adults. Firstly, different ages of larvae were reared on two nutrient media such as artificial medium and natural medium treated with increasing concentrations of the two biopesticides. 14, 21 and 28 days old larvae were incubated and changes in larval palatability were assessed over a 5-day period. The concentrations of biopesticides tested were 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 ml/l. In addition, the repellent effect of the biopesticides on the adults was assessed using the preferential zone method. The results showed that the biopesticide ASTOUN 50 EC is highly antiappetizing for larvae and repellent for adults of E. saccharina, unlike NECO 50 EC. It also greatly reduced the rate of oviposition in the treated compartments. This biopesticide can be tested in vivo for use against Eldana saccharina.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"2011 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6624
S. Huseinović, Elma Ahmetović, Sanida Bektić, Samela Selimović, Senad Memić
The mountain of Konjuh is characterized by a landscape of high aesthetic value with significant diversity in biological, geomorphological, and hydrological aspects. This, combined with its cultural-historical heritage, religious and traditional values, provides the foundation for educational, ecotourism, and sports-recreational tourism activities, as well as for visitor enjoyment and the development of economic activities. Located in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Konjuh, along with Ozren, Javor, and Javornik, forms part of the chain of peripheral (higher) mountains, which, together with Trebavac and Majevica, represent the transition from the Dinaric mountain system to the vast Pannonian plain. The average elevation of the mountain is 1,000 meters. The Tuzla Canton government has passed a law declaring a portion of Konjuh Mountain, covering an area of 8,016 hectares, as a Cultural Heritage site of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this study was to systematically inventory medicinal plant species at seven sites on Konjuh Mountain in three municipalities (Kladanj, Živinice, and Banovići) at different altitudes (from 560 to 1,100 meters), classify medicinal plant species based on taxonomic and ecological attributes, and create phytocenological field records. During the research, 109 medicinal plant species were identified, including endangered and endemic species. The taxonomic structure of the families of medicinal plants on Konjuh Mountain revealed the presence of 43 families, with the most represented being representatives of the Lamiaceae family at 13.76%, Asteraceae at 11.92%, Fabaceae at 7.33%, and Plantaginaceae at 5.50%. A phytogeographical analysis of the medicinal plant flora identified 11 areal types and groups. An analysis of the biological spectrum of flora in all habitats indicates the presence of six primary life form types, with hemicryptophytes (H) being dominant, accounting for 59 species.
{"title":"The Healing Flora of Konjuh Mountain in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"S. Huseinović, Elma Ahmetović, Sanida Bektić, Samela Selimović, Senad Memić","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i6624","url":null,"abstract":"The mountain of Konjuh is characterized by a landscape of high aesthetic value with significant diversity in biological, geomorphological, and hydrological aspects. This, combined with its cultural-historical heritage, religious and traditional values, provides the foundation for educational, ecotourism, and sports-recreational tourism activities, as well as for visitor enjoyment and the development of economic activities. Located in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Konjuh, along with Ozren, Javor, and Javornik, forms part of the chain of peripheral (higher) mountains, which, together with Trebavac and Majevica, represent the transition from the Dinaric mountain system to the vast Pannonian plain. The average elevation of the mountain is 1,000 meters. The Tuzla Canton government has passed a law declaring a portion of Konjuh Mountain, covering an area of 8,016 hectares, as a Cultural Heritage site of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this study was to systematically inventory medicinal plant species at seven sites on Konjuh Mountain in three municipalities (Kladanj, Živinice, and Banovići) at different altitudes (from 560 to 1,100 meters), classify medicinal plant species based on taxonomic and ecological attributes, and create phytocenological field records. During the research, 109 medicinal plant species were identified, including endangered and endemic species. The taxonomic structure of the families of medicinal plants on Konjuh Mountain revealed the presence of 43 families, with the most represented being representatives of the Lamiaceae family at 13.76%, Asteraceae at 11.92%, Fabaceae at 7.33%, and Plantaginaceae at 5.50%. A phytogeographical analysis of the medicinal plant flora identified 11 areal types and groups. An analysis of the biological spectrum of flora in all habitats indicates the presence of six primary life form types, with hemicryptophytes (H) being dominant, accounting for 59 species.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"2676 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139272396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5623
Pacifica Chepchumba Bwogo, Rael J. Masai
Background: Malaria is a fatal disease which affects people of all ages; especially pregnant women, young children <5 years, and the elderly because of their weakened immune systems. The currently used anti-malarial drugs have been linked to a variety of negative side effects including the parasite resistance. Additionally, the costs associated with the conventional malaria management approach are arguably high, particularly for people living in low-income countries, highlighting the need for alternative and complementary approaches. Medicinal plants therefore are a viable alternative since they are arguably less expensive and easily accessible. However, there is limited information on safety and efficacy of the plants. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic activities of polar and non-polar crude extracts solvents of selected plants used by traditional healers in Kericho East Sub-County to treat malaria. Materials and Methods: Plants studied included Pittosporum viridiflorum (stem barks), Phytolacca dodecandra (Leaves), and Gardenia ternifolia (roots barks). Plant parts selected were collected from Kericho East Sub-county; Kapsoit, Kaitui, and Fort-Ternan. Their crude extracts were obtained from hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), Methanol (MeOH), and 5% H2O/MeOH. In vitro cytotoxic effects and safety of the studied plants' extracts were identified using mammalian Vero E6 cells. Results: Most of the plants tested yielded impressive cytotoxicity results, indicating that therapeutic doses could be achieved at safe concentrations. However, P. viridiflorum hexane, DCM, MeOH, and 5% H2O/MeOH crude extracts were toxic to the cultured cells expressing the mean CC50 ± SE of 65.11±0.40, 25.63±0.23, 87.94 ±0.59 and 98.54±0.66 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: G. ternifolia and P. dodecandra have offered hope in the treatment of malaria since their crude extracts have demonstrated no toxicity. The study found P. viridiflorum crude extracts to be toxic but there is the possibility of isolating safe nontoxic compound/s because they were less toxic at lower doses. This study therefore identified potential plants that could be used to develop novel anti-plasmodial agents.
{"title":"In-vitro Cytotoxicity of Extracts of Selected Malaria Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers of Kericho East Sub-county, Kenya","authors":"Pacifica Chepchumba Bwogo, Rael J. Masai","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5623","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria is a fatal disease which affects people of all ages; especially pregnant women, young children <5 years, and the elderly because of their weakened immune systems. The currently used anti-malarial drugs have been linked to a variety of negative side effects including the parasite resistance. Additionally, the costs associated with the conventional malaria management approach are arguably high, particularly for people living in low-income countries, highlighting the need for alternative and complementary approaches. Medicinal plants therefore are a viable alternative since they are arguably less expensive and easily accessible. However, there is limited information on safety and efficacy of the plants. This study was designed to investigate the cytotoxic activities of polar and non-polar crude extracts solvents of selected plants used by traditional healers in Kericho East Sub-County to treat malaria. Materials and Methods: Plants studied included Pittosporum viridiflorum (stem barks), Phytolacca dodecandra (Leaves), and Gardenia ternifolia (roots barks). Plant parts selected were collected from Kericho East Sub-county; Kapsoit, Kaitui, and Fort-Ternan. Their crude extracts were obtained from hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), Methanol (MeOH), and 5% H2O/MeOH. In vitro cytotoxic effects and safety of the studied plants' extracts were identified using mammalian Vero E6 cells. Results: Most of the plants tested yielded impressive cytotoxicity results, indicating that therapeutic doses could be achieved at safe concentrations. However, P. viridiflorum hexane, DCM, MeOH, and 5% H2O/MeOH crude extracts were toxic to the cultured cells expressing the mean CC50 ± SE of 65.11±0.40, 25.63±0.23, 87.94 ±0.59 and 98.54±0.66 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: G. ternifolia and P. dodecandra have offered hope in the treatment of malaria since their crude extracts have demonstrated no toxicity. The study found P. viridiflorum crude extracts to be toxic but there is the possibility of isolating safe nontoxic compound/s because they were less toxic at lower doses. This study therefore identified potential plants that could be used to develop novel anti-plasmodial agents.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5621
None Aprile F., None Darwich A. J., None Siqueira G. W.
A study on the typology of Amazonian waters was developed in the North Geographic Region of Brazil, considering a set of historical data from 1995 to 2022. The objective was to discuss and point out which environmental parameters are considered preponderant within the classification criteria of Amazonian waters. Historical data on temperature, density, pH, conductivity, oxygen, transparency, light attenuation, turbidity, color, total and dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, CaCO3, BOD, COD, main cations and anions, iron, C, N and P fractions, silicate, trace elements (Al, Cu, Zn and Mn) and chlorophyll a were analyzed. The analysis comprised water samples from the National Hydrometeorological Network (Sub-Basins 10 to 19), with a total of 36 basins, including tributaries, lakes and adjacent streams. The historical series was statistically analyzed through the techniques of Cluster, Principal component analysis (PCA), Piper Diagram and image interpolation by the ordinary kriging method. The results indicated a strong seasonal trend, with an evident distinction between the flood and ebb periods. The typology of white, black and clear waters was also evidenced, this last group being an intermediate class to the others, due to the physical-chemical standards. The PCA highlighted the parameters conductivity, pH, calcium, bicarbonate and Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (Factor 1), and turbidity and alkalinity (Factor 2) as preponderant in the water classification. The ionic balance demonstrated that the white waters stood out for the highest concentrations of calcium and magnesium. The results suggest a pattern of calcic waters oscillating towards sodic and carbonated waters, with a subgroup in the northern eastern region of seasonally sodic-chlorinated waters, due to the influence of ocean tides. Image interpolation suggested a predominance of white waters in the western southern zone (Western Amazon) and white waters transitioning to clear waters in the eastern zone (Eastern Amazon). The analysis also showed a predominant strip of black and clear waters in the northern zone, and a strip of white waters in the central Amazon.
{"title":"Water Typology in the Amazon: Close Correlation with the Hydrogeochemistry of River Basins","authors":"None Aprile F., None Darwich A. J., None Siqueira G. W.","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5621","url":null,"abstract":"A study on the typology of Amazonian waters was developed in the North Geographic Region of Brazil, considering a set of historical data from 1995 to 2022. The objective was to discuss and point out which environmental parameters are considered preponderant within the classification criteria of Amazonian waters. Historical data on temperature, density, pH, conductivity, oxygen, transparency, light attenuation, turbidity, color, total and dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, CaCO3, BOD, COD, main cations and anions, iron, C, N and P fractions, silicate, trace elements (Al, Cu, Zn and Mn) and chlorophyll a were analyzed. The analysis comprised water samples from the National Hydrometeorological Network (Sub-Basins 10 to 19), with a total of 36 basins, including tributaries, lakes and adjacent streams. The historical series was statistically analyzed through the techniques of Cluster, Principal component analysis (PCA), Piper Diagram and image interpolation by the ordinary kriging method. The results indicated a strong seasonal trend, with an evident distinction between the flood and ebb periods. The typology of white, black and clear waters was also evidenced, this last group being an intermediate class to the others, due to the physical-chemical standards. The PCA highlighted the parameters conductivity, pH, calcium, bicarbonate and Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) (Factor 1), and turbidity and alkalinity (Factor 2) as preponderant in the water classification. The ionic balance demonstrated that the white waters stood out for the highest concentrations of calcium and magnesium. The results suggest a pattern of calcic waters oscillating towards sodic and carbonated waters, with a subgroup in the northern eastern region of seasonally sodic-chlorinated waters, due to the influence of ocean tides. Image interpolation suggested a predominance of white waters in the western southern zone (Western Amazon) and white waters transitioning to clear waters in the eastern zone (Eastern Amazon). The analysis also showed a predominant strip of black and clear waters in the northern zone, and a strip of white waters in the central Amazon.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135254933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5622
Senad Memić, Sanida Bektić, Samira Huseinović
Soil contamination with heavy metals is becoming an increasingly global issue, as elevated levels of heavy metals exceeding regulatory limits are diminishing agricultural productivity and consequently endangering human health and the environment. This study aimed to assess the seasonal dynamics, accumulation, and translocation of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn) in the organs of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) depending on soil content. The heavy metal content in soil and white clover samples was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed that the analyzed soil was significantly contaminated with Cu and Zn in the industrial zone (GS) and with Pb near the urban landfill (D3). The content of heavy metals in white clover varied depending on the location and season. It is evident that white clover accumulated certain metals in its roots and leaves during spring, summer, and autumn, including Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn. The analysis results indicated that Fe was the predominant element in white clover roots, while Zn and Fe were most abundant in the leaves. Values of BCF >1 and TF >1 for Zn suggest that white clover is a potential accumulator of this heavy metal.
{"title":"Effect of Soil Composition on Heavy Metal Uptake and Distribution in White Clover (Trifolium repens L.)","authors":"Senad Memić, Sanida Bektić, Samira Huseinović","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5622","url":null,"abstract":"Soil contamination with heavy metals is becoming an increasingly global issue, as elevated levels of heavy metals exceeding regulatory limits are diminishing agricultural productivity and consequently endangering human health and the environment. This study aimed to assess the seasonal dynamics, accumulation, and translocation of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, and Zn) in the organs of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) depending on soil content. The heavy metal content in soil and white clover samples was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results revealed that the analyzed soil was significantly contaminated with Cu and Zn in the industrial zone (GS) and with Pb near the urban landfill (D3). The content of heavy metals in white clover varied depending on the location and season. It is evident that white clover accumulated certain metals in its roots and leaves during spring, summer, and autumn, including Pb, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn. The analysis results indicated that Fe was the predominant element in white clover roots, while Zn and Fe were most abundant in the leaves. Values of BCF >1 and TF >1 for Zn suggest that white clover is a potential accumulator of this heavy metal.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5620
Osei B. Kuffour, Christopher Larbie, Afua K. A. Genfi, Richard Sedeafor
Aim: To study the effects of synthetic textile dyes on haematology and serum biochemistry of traditional textile industry practitioners at Ntonso in the Ashanti region of Ghana.
Study Design: Case-control study.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Ntonso in the Ashanti region of Ghana and clinical analyses were carried out at the Clinical Analyses Laboratory at the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, KNUST between October 2018 and February 2019.
Methodology: This study was conducted on 50 textile dyeing practitioners who have been using synthetic textile dyes for more than five years and 50 participants in the control group whose daily work does not expose them to any kind of synthetic textile dye. Participants over 70 years or less than 18 years, pregnant women and those with a medical history of kidney and liver diseases were excluded from the study. Haematological parameters such as White Blood Cell (WBC) counts, Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts, Platelet counts, Haemoglobin levels, etc. were measured. Liver function indicators such as Alanine transaminase (ALT), Protein, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), Total Bilirubin (TBIL), and kidney function indicators such as Creatinine, urea, Na, K, Cl ion levels were assessed. Lipid profile parameters such as Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, High-Density Lipoproteins, Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL), and Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) levels were also assessed.
Results: There were statistical differences in both groups regarding key haematological and key serum biochemical parameters such as protein, globulin, ALP, GGT, creatinine, chloride, VLDL and Triglyceride. A significant correlation was observed between the metal ions and haematological parameters, biochemical parameters and quantity of dye used.
Conclusion: Heavy metals found in synthetic textile dyes altered lipid profile, haematological and biochemical parameters of the dye practitioners.
{"title":"The Haematology and Serum Biochemistry of Traditional Textile Dyers in Ntonso, Kumasi were Affected by Exposure to Synthetic Textile Dyes","authors":"Osei B. Kuffour, Christopher Larbie, Afua K. A. Genfi, Richard Sedeafor","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5620","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study the effects of synthetic textile dyes on haematology and serum biochemistry of traditional textile industry practitioners at Ntonso in the Ashanti region of Ghana.
 Study Design: Case-control study.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Ntonso in the Ashanti region of Ghana and clinical analyses were carried out at the Clinical Analyses Laboratory at the Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, KNUST between October 2018 and February 2019.
 Methodology: This study was conducted on 50 textile dyeing practitioners who have been using synthetic textile dyes for more than five years and 50 participants in the control group whose daily work does not expose them to any kind of synthetic textile dye. Participants over 70 years or less than 18 years, pregnant women and those with a medical history of kidney and liver diseases were excluded from the study. Haematological parameters such as White Blood Cell (WBC) counts, Red Blood Cell (RBC) counts, Platelet counts, Haemoglobin levels, etc. were measured. Liver function indicators such as Alanine transaminase (ALT), Protein, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), Total Bilirubin (TBIL), and kidney function indicators such as Creatinine, urea, Na, K, Cl ion levels were assessed. Lipid profile parameters such as Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, High-Density Lipoproteins, Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL), and Very Low-Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) levels were also assessed.
 Results: There were statistical differences in both groups regarding key haematological and key serum biochemical parameters such as protein, globulin, ALP, GGT, creatinine, chloride, VLDL and Triglyceride. A significant correlation was observed between the metal ions and haematological parameters, biochemical parameters and quantity of dye used.
 Conclusion: Heavy metals found in synthetic textile dyes altered lipid profile, haematological and biochemical parameters of the dye practitioners.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135864757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5619
Shambhu Sarkar
Medicine serialization seems to be a key to both counterfeiting and the complex supply chain of the pharmaceutical industry, including recalls and returns. Though there are countries that use serialization as a legal necessity, it is still a developing topic within the industry. Serialization is not just for anti-counterfeit technology but also to use supply chain and stock management more proficiently. The design of the Barcode is a fundamental requirement as per Healthcare Distribution Alliance (HDA) guidelines for serialized products. Encoding Barcodes on pharmaceutical drugs with critical product attributes is necessary for tracking and validating product sources. Since the serialization guidelines are regulated, small-scale pharmaceutical companies are struggling to comply with regulations due to heavy investments. Printing Serialized labels with barcodes required specialized third-party systems and software. The cost of third-party systems that integrate with ERP and Serialized systems for exchanging data is very expensive. On the other hand, the operational and sustainability costs of these systems will be an additional year-to-year cost for the company.
Aim: This Study investigated the feasibility of designing a barcode printing solution for drug traceability.
Material and Method: A case study has been carried out at a USA-based generic pharmaceutical company to print serialized labels using their enterprise Resource planning (ERP) integrated with the packaging line.
Result: This dynamic solution for serialized label printing saves the company a significant number of resources and money, as they do not need to buy any specialized third-party system to print the label or send back the product to the packaging line.
Conclusion: In this paper, we implement and validate a dynamic solution to print 2D data matrix and 1D Linear barcodes successfully within an ERP system by eliminating the need for a specialized third-party printing system.
{"title":"Serialized Barcode Printing Solution for Drug Traceability: An Architectural Design and Approach","authors":"Shambhu Sarkar","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i5619","url":null,"abstract":"Medicine serialization seems to be a key to both counterfeiting and the complex supply chain of the pharmaceutical industry, including recalls and returns. Though there are countries that use serialization as a legal necessity, it is still a developing topic within the industry. Serialization is not just for anti-counterfeit technology but also to use supply chain and stock management more proficiently. The design of the Barcode is a fundamental requirement as per Healthcare Distribution Alliance (HDA) guidelines for serialized products. Encoding Barcodes on pharmaceutical drugs with critical product attributes is necessary for tracking and validating product sources. Since the serialization guidelines are regulated, small-scale pharmaceutical companies are struggling to comply with regulations due to heavy investments. Printing Serialized labels with barcodes required specialized third-party systems and software. The cost of third-party systems that integrate with ERP and Serialized systems for exchanging data is very expensive. On the other hand, the operational and sustainability costs of these systems will be an additional year-to-year cost for the company.
 Aim: This Study investigated the feasibility of designing a barcode printing solution for drug traceability.
 Material and Method: A case study has been carried out at a USA-based generic pharmaceutical company to print serialized labels using their enterprise Resource planning (ERP) integrated with the packaging line.
 Result: This dynamic solution for serialized label printing saves the company a significant number of resources and money, as they do not need to buy any specialized third-party system to print the label or send back the product to the packaging line.
 Conclusion: In this paper, we implement and validate a dynamic solution to print 2D data matrix and 1D Linear barcodes successfully within an ERP system by eliminating the need for a specialized third-party printing system.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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