Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1597
A. Hanafy
This study explained Enhancing Fattening Lamb Performance with Spirulina platensis: Insights into Growth, Blood Metabolism, and Antioxidant Status. 20 lambs. (7-8 months old, (45.0±0.5 kg) were randomly divided into two groups, with one group receiving a commercial diet and the second group receiving the same diet but with 1g/10kg B.W/day of Spirulina platensis powder. The lambs were weighed at various points during the 42-day experiment and results showed that Spirulina platensis supplementation improved body weight gain, blood parameters (hemoglobin, white blood cells, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, vitamin A, blood GSH, serum MDA), and reduced blood markers for liver damage (ALT, AST), glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The results suggest that Spirulina platensis has antioxidant properties and can improve growth performance in lambs.
{"title":"Enhancing Fattening Lamb Performance with Spirulina platensis: Insights into Growth, Blood Metabolism and Antioxidant Status","authors":"A. Hanafy","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1597","url":null,"abstract":"This study explained Enhancing Fattening Lamb Performance with Spirulina platensis: Insights into Growth, Blood Metabolism, and Antioxidant Status. 20 lambs. (7-8 months old, (45.0±0.5 kg) were randomly divided into two groups, with one group receiving a commercial diet and the second group receiving the same diet but with 1g/10kg B.W/day of Spirulina platensis powder. The lambs were weighed at various points during the 42-day experiment and results showed that Spirulina platensis supplementation improved body weight gain, blood parameters (hemoglobin, white blood cells, total protein, albumin, globulin, A/G ratio, vitamin A, blood GSH, serum MDA), and reduced blood markers for liver damage (ALT, AST), glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The results suggest that Spirulina platensis has antioxidant properties and can improve growth performance in lambs.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91125870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1596
Anyakorah Caroline Iruoma, Tiamiyu Hussein
Aims: Lead is a heavy metal pollutant that persists in the environment, has no biological function, and is potentially toxic to microorganisms. The study examined the effect of lead on the morphology and genetic profile of Pleurotus tuber-regium, an edible mushroom. Study Design: Experimental study design. Place and Duration of Study: Bells University of Technology between December 2017 and August 2018. Methodology: P. tuber-regium sclerotium was planted in loamy soils polluted with PbO (50, 80, and 100 mg/kg). The effect of the lead was assessed by recording time for mushroom emergence, fresh fruitbody weight, stipe and pileus diameter, % protein, %ash, and molecular profile of mushrooms harvested from polluted soils against a control. Extracted DNA was amplified with ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers; amplicons were visualized with a UV Bio-Rad illuminator. Results: Lead had varied influences on the morphometry. The fruitbody emergence was fastest in polluted soils and significantly different from the control. Fruiting occurred after 13.23±0.76, 5.41±0.88, 9.33±0.75 and 11.01±1.06 days in 0, 50, 80 and 100 mg/kg Pb polluted soils respectively. The fresh weight, stipe, and pileus diameter were significantly different at 50 mg/kg compared to the control. The range in values was 8.57±0.75 – 15.21±0.85g, 9.30±0.89 - 14.40±0.99mm, and 3.33±0.75 - 9.60±0.57cm respectively. The %protein and %ash contents were higher in mushrooms from polluted soils. Lead accumulated in polluted soils but the bioaccumulation coefficient was low. DNA profile showed variations in amplicon sizes. Conclusion: The study revealed that continuous exposure of Pleurotus tuber-regium to lead caused varied morphological and genetic changes. It led to increased fresh weight, stipe diameter, pileus diameter, and variation in DNA amplicons. The implication is that lead could cause variations in the morphology and genetic composition of P. tuber-regium.
{"title":"Influence of Lead on Morphology and Genetic Composition of Pleurotus tuber-regium","authors":"Anyakorah Caroline Iruoma, Tiamiyu Hussein","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1596","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Lead is a heavy metal pollutant that persists in the environment, has no biological function, and is potentially toxic to microorganisms. The study examined the effect of lead on the morphology and genetic profile of Pleurotus tuber-regium, an edible mushroom. \u0000Study Design: Experimental study design. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Bells University of Technology between December 2017 and August 2018. \u0000Methodology: P. tuber-regium sclerotium was planted in loamy soils polluted with PbO (50, 80, and 100 mg/kg). The effect of the lead was assessed by recording time for mushroom emergence, fresh fruitbody weight, stipe and pileus diameter, % protein, %ash, and molecular profile of mushrooms harvested from polluted soils against a control. Extracted DNA was amplified with ITS1 and ITS4 universal primers; amplicons were visualized with a UV Bio-Rad illuminator. \u0000Results: Lead had varied influences on the morphometry. The fruitbody emergence was fastest in polluted soils and significantly different from the control. Fruiting occurred after 13.23±0.76, 5.41±0.88, 9.33±0.75 and 11.01±1.06 days in 0, 50, 80 and 100 mg/kg Pb polluted soils respectively. The fresh weight, stipe, and pileus diameter were significantly different at 50 mg/kg compared to the control. The range in values was 8.57±0.75 – 15.21±0.85g, 9.30±0.89 - 14.40±0.99mm, and 3.33±0.75 - 9.60±0.57cm respectively. The %protein and %ash contents were higher in mushrooms from polluted soils. Lead accumulated in polluted soils but the bioaccumulation coefficient was low. DNA profile showed variations in amplicon sizes. \u0000Conclusion: The study revealed that continuous exposure of Pleurotus tuber-regium to lead caused varied morphological and genetic changes. It led to increased fresh weight, stipe diameter, pileus diameter, and variation in DNA amplicons. The implication is that lead could cause variations in the morphology and genetic composition of P. tuber-regium.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89500742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1593
Md. Rashid Anjum, R. Islam, Md. Mahmudul Hasan, B. Rashid, Mst. Misrat Masuma Parvez, S. Sarkar, Md. Hannan Ali, Mst. Eshrat Zahan Asha
A study was conducted to determine the clinical efficiency of neem extract with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on burn wound healing treatment in Rabbit model. Sixteen (16) male New Zealand white rabbits were assigned into four groups, each with four rabbits, and were kept together for 28 days. Group T0 as the control; T1 represented burn healing using neem extract; T2 represented burn healing using neem extract with ZnO nanoparticles; and T3 represented burn healing using a commercial drug (Bactrocin®). Data were accumulated on the healing rate, healing time, and WBC count. Healing rate was calculated at weekly interval and the healing time was observed regularly and calculated from day 7 at weekly interval and WBC count were investigated using an auto analyzer. The result showed that the healing rate (%) were T2 group= 93.75±1.25, T3 group=86.75±0.479, T1 group=84.25±1.75, and T0 group=70.75±2.25. Among this result the healing rate increased significantly in T2 (93.75±1.25) group, better by T3 (86.75±0.479), good by T1 (84.25±1.75) and worst by T0 (70.75±2.25) group. The application of neem extract with ZnO nanoparticles have also showed the quickest healing time (24.5±0.64 day) significantly (P<0.01). At weekly interval WBC count (cells/µl) was varied significantly, the highest value was discovered in the T2 group. The study's overall findings demonstrated that using neem extract with ZnO nanoparticles resulted in faster wound healing with a shorter time requirement. It indicates that wound healing without the use of antibiotics was possible and using neem extract can be advised for the treatment of burn wounds.
{"title":"Effect of Neem Extract with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Burn Wound Treatment","authors":"Md. Rashid Anjum, R. Islam, Md. Mahmudul Hasan, B. Rashid, Mst. Misrat Masuma Parvez, S. Sarkar, Md. Hannan Ali, Mst. Eshrat Zahan Asha","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1593","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to determine the clinical efficiency of neem extract with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on burn wound healing treatment in Rabbit model. Sixteen (16) male New Zealand white rabbits were assigned into four groups, each with four rabbits, and were kept together for 28 days. Group T0 as the control; T1 represented burn healing using neem extract; T2 represented burn healing using neem extract with ZnO nanoparticles; and T3 represented burn healing using a commercial drug (Bactrocin®). Data were accumulated on the healing rate, healing time, and WBC count. Healing rate was calculated at weekly interval and the healing time was observed regularly and calculated from day 7 at weekly interval and WBC count were investigated using an auto analyzer. The result showed that the healing rate (%) were T2 group= 93.75±1.25, T3 group=86.75±0.479, T1 group=84.25±1.75, and T0 group=70.75±2.25. Among this result the healing rate increased significantly in T2 (93.75±1.25) group, better by T3 (86.75±0.479), good by T1 (84.25±1.75) and worst by T0 (70.75±2.25) group. The application of neem extract with ZnO nanoparticles have also showed the quickest healing time (24.5±0.64 day) significantly (P<0.01). At weekly interval WBC count (cells/µl) was varied significantly, the highest value was discovered in the T2 group. The study's overall findings demonstrated that using neem extract with ZnO nanoparticles resulted in faster wound healing with a shorter time requirement. It indicates that wound healing without the use of antibiotics was possible and using neem extract can be advised for the treatment of burn wounds.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"519 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77183084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-07DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1592
S. Felipe, Christina Pacheco, J. E. R. Martins, Raquel Martins de Freitas, Paulo Elesson Oliveira, S. V. D. Mendes, J. Alves, V. Ceccatto
Aims: The present study aimed to stablish and characterize an optimized protocol conformation to obtain adequate RNA quality from rodents skeletal muscle samples for sequencing studies. Place and Duration of Study: The in vivo experiments and analyses were performed in the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Gene Expression – LABIEX of the Superior Institute of Biomedical Science – ISCB from the State University of Ceará - UECE. Between 2017-2020. Methodology: Were used 23 samples from male Wistar rat skeletal muscle, specifically from soleus muscle. Total RNA extraction was performed using the classic TRIzol® method and commercial kit, merging steps from both. Capillary electrophoresis in the Bioanalyzer platform was used for RNA quality evaluation. Results: (C) Analyzes of adapted protocol RNA concentration, RIN and rate 28S/18S showed satisfactory results. 28S/18S Ribosomal bands appear well defined, without small traces, which indicates RNA with high integrity and without contamination of genomic DNA. Conclusion: Obtained RNA quality and integrity data satisfied the exigencies for posterior RNA-seq.
{"title":"Optimization of RNA Extraction Protocol for Rat Skeletal Muscle Samples","authors":"S. Felipe, Christina Pacheco, J. E. R. Martins, Raquel Martins de Freitas, Paulo Elesson Oliveira, S. V. D. Mendes, J. Alves, V. Ceccatto","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1592","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The present study aimed to stablish and characterize an optimized protocol conformation to obtain adequate RNA quality from rodents skeletal muscle samples for sequencing studies. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The in vivo experiments and analyses were performed in the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Gene Expression – LABIEX of the Superior Institute of Biomedical Science – ISCB from the State University of Ceará - UECE. Between 2017-2020. \u0000Methodology: Were used 23 samples from male Wistar rat skeletal muscle, specifically from soleus muscle. Total RNA extraction was performed using the classic TRIzol® method and commercial kit, merging steps from both. Capillary electrophoresis in the Bioanalyzer platform was used for RNA quality evaluation. \u0000Results: (C) Analyzes of adapted protocol RNA concentration, RIN and rate 28S/18S showed satisfactory results. 28S/18S Ribosomal bands appear well defined, without small traces, which indicates RNA with high integrity and without contamination of genomic DNA. \u0000Conclusion: Obtained RNA quality and integrity data satisfied the exigencies for posterior RNA-seq.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77095452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1591
A. I. Yaradua, J. I. Bungudu, L. Shuaibu, A. Nasir, A. Usman, I. Kankia, N. Matazu, Z. Suleiman, F. Rumah, U. Bello, A. Tukur, A. Sani, R. G. Lawal, H. K. Matazu, A. Sani, Z. Kabir, H. Kabir, M. Halliru, A. Abbas, M. Dalhatu, I. Yaradua, M. Nasir, F. Mukhtar, M. Hassan, B. Abdullahi, A. Y. Sabiru, R. Nasir, M. A. Rawayau, A. N. Muhammad
The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge in illegal mining activities, cattle rustling and banditry were evaluated in the current study. Cabbage leaves sample from Makiya village, Jibia local Government area, Katsina State, Nigeria was evaluated for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals in the sample to the population were assessed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Health Risk Index (HRI)) to assess the possible non-carcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risks. The result of the mean concentration value of the evaluated heavy metal Pb from the sample falls above the Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of heavy metals in leafy vegetables. The concentrations of the other metals including Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd evaluated in the sample were within the permissible values The result of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) associated with the evaluated heavy metals exposure through consumption of the sample for adults and children were all below 1. The combined health risks for all the metals in the sample for the adults and children population represented as the HRI were below 1, the result of the Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) for both the adults and children population shows that all the heavy metals have ILCR that falls within the safety limit for cancer risk. Because of the above permissible Pb concentration in the analysed cabbage leaves sample, it can be deduced that the vegetable is not safe for consumption.
{"title":"Illegal Mining and Armed Banditry in Katsina State, Nigeria: What is their Contribution to the Heavy Metal Pollution of a Popularly Consumed Vegetable?","authors":"A. I. Yaradua, J. I. Bungudu, L. Shuaibu, A. Nasir, A. Usman, I. Kankia, N. Matazu, Z. Suleiman, F. Rumah, U. Bello, A. Tukur, A. Sani, R. G. Lawal, H. K. Matazu, A. Sani, Z. Kabir, H. Kabir, M. Halliru, A. Abbas, M. Dalhatu, I. Yaradua, M. Nasir, F. Mukhtar, M. Hassan, B. Abdullahi, A. Y. Sabiru, R. Nasir, M. A. Rawayau, A. N. Muhammad","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2023/v26i1591","url":null,"abstract":"The health risk to the population from exposure to heavy metals in an area that have witnessed a surge in illegal mining activities, cattle rustling and banditry were evaluated in the current study. Cabbage leaves sample from Makiya village, Jibia local Government area, Katsina State, Nigeria was evaluated for the presence of heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The health risks of the evaluated heavy metals in the sample to the population were assessed using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Health Risk Index (HRI)) to assess the possible non-carcinogenic effect and the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) for the cancer risks. The result of the mean concentration value of the evaluated heavy metal Pb from the sample falls above the Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) of heavy metals in leafy vegetables. The concentrations of the other metals including Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mn and Cd evaluated in the sample were within the permissible values The result of the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) associated with the evaluated heavy metals exposure through consumption of the sample for adults and children were all below 1. The combined health risks for all the metals in the sample for the adults and children population represented as the HRI were below 1, the result of the Incremental Life Cancer Risk (ILCR) for both the adults and children population shows that all the heavy metals have ILCR that falls within the safety limit for cancer risk. Because of the above permissible Pb concentration in the analysed cabbage leaves sample, it can be deduced that the vegetable is not safe for consumption.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80364025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-26DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i7590
A. Abdulkarim, Khalifa Muhammad Aljameel, S. Maigandi, Y. Na-Allah
This was conducted to analyse the chemical composition of Kanwa-based mineral blocks.Analysis of thechemical composition of all the sources ofKanwa-based mineral blocks used in this research was carried out at the Sokoto Energy Research Centre, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The Kanwa used were Kanwan Bai-Bai, Kanwan Kolo, Hogga, Balma and conventional mineral lick to represent treatment 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The data obtained from the laboratory report are presented as it is. The result of the survey shows that 94.17% of the respondents offer Kanwa to their animals. Majority use Balma (32.74%), other types of Kanwa used by the respondents includeBurunguzu(9.73%), Table salt (19.47%), Hogga(5.3%) and Jan gishiri(0.88%). The result of the analysis of different types of Kanwa shows that T1 (Kanwan Bai-Bai) had higher amount of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Chromium and Manganese.
{"title":"Laboratory Assessment of Different Kanwa-Based Mineral Lick for Ruminant Nutrition","authors":"A. Abdulkarim, Khalifa Muhammad Aljameel, S. Maigandi, Y. Na-Allah","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i7590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i7590","url":null,"abstract":"This was conducted to analyse the chemical composition of Kanwa-based mineral blocks.Analysis of thechemical composition of all the sources ofKanwa-based mineral blocks used in this research was carried out at the Sokoto Energy Research Centre, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The Kanwa used were Kanwan Bai-Bai, Kanwan Kolo, Hogga, Balma and conventional mineral lick to represent treatment 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The data obtained from the laboratory report are presented as it is. The result of the survey shows that 94.17% of the respondents offer Kanwa to their animals. Majority use Balma (32.74%), other types of Kanwa used by the respondents includeBurunguzu(9.73%), Table salt (19.47%), Hogga(5.3%) and Jan gishiri(0.88%). The result of the analysis of different types of Kanwa shows that T1 (Kanwan Bai-Bai) had higher amount of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Iron, Chromium and Manganese.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85985770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i7587
S. Maigandi, S. Garba, N. Muhammad, M. Jibir, A. Danmaigoro, Khalifa Muhammad Aljameel
This study aims to investigate the effect of statin on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Sokoto Red goats. Sixteen castrated goats aged 8-9 months old with initial live weight of 29.8±3.0 kg were assigned to four treatments replicated three times. The experiment lasted for a period of 3 month. Treatment 1 was the control (0 mg statin /kg bodyweight) while T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with statin at 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 mg statin /kg bodyweight, respectively. The result revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) on carcass characteristics. However, meat quality parameters (pH, cook loss, drip loss and cholesterol contents) except colour differed significantly (P<0.05). Supplementation of statin resulted in meat with high water holding capacity while pH values increases with increase in the level of statin. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of statin at 4.5 mg/kg bodyweight could be a viable feeding approach to produce meat with high water holding capacity and lower cholesterol content. However, the pH values being at higher side could produce dark firm and firm (DFD) meat. Additional study is recommended to investigate myotoxicity effect of statin in order to safeguard consumers against myopathy associated with statin intake in humans.
{"title":"Effect of Increasing Levels of Statin (Atorvastatin) on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Sokoto Red Goats","authors":"S. Maigandi, S. Garba, N. Muhammad, M. Jibir, A. Danmaigoro, Khalifa Muhammad Aljameel","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i7587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i7587","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the effect of statin on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Sokoto Red goats. Sixteen castrated goats aged 8-9 months old with initial live weight of 29.8±3.0 kg were assigned to four treatments replicated three times. The experiment lasted for a period of 3 month. Treatment 1 was the control (0 mg statin /kg bodyweight) while T2, T3 and T4 were supplemented with statin at 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 mg statin /kg bodyweight, respectively. The result revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) on carcass characteristics. However, meat quality parameters (pH, cook loss, drip loss and cholesterol contents) except colour differed significantly (P<0.05). Supplementation of statin resulted in meat with high water holding capacity while pH values increases with increase in the level of statin. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of statin at 4.5 mg/kg bodyweight could be a viable feeding approach to produce meat with high water holding capacity and lower cholesterol content. However, the pH values being at higher side could produce dark firm and firm (DFD) meat. Additional study is recommended to investigate myotoxicity effect of statin in order to safeguard consumers against myopathy associated with statin intake in humans.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79850158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i7588
A. A. Oladejo, C. R. Abah, C. Anarado
Apart from aging, smoking, consumption of caffeine and alcohol, stress, agonist sports, chronic exposure to environmental pollutants, and other nutritional habits which are most often non-modifiable have detrimental effect on both man and woman’s fertility. Specifically, metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia usually associated with the intake of excess calorie have been reported to have direct and indirect effect on fertility by causing damage to the health and differentiation of oocyte/spermatocyte and interference with the pituitary-hypothalamic axis respectively, which consequently lead to dysfunctional oogenesis/spermatogenesis. Obese women have lower insulin sensitivity, resulting in prolonged hyperinsulinemia, which may play a role in the development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Thus, reduction in insulin secretion which could be brought about by dietary adjustments remain an effective non-pharmacological treatment to prevent infertility, and a Mediterranean diet aimed at maintaining normal body mass could be effective in promoting ovarian health and physiology. since oxidative stress have been implicated in defective oocyte/spermatocyte maturation, a proper intake of antioxidants and methyl-donor supplements (1-Carbon Cycle) may decline the toxic oxidants bioavailability and this could ultimately promote the maturation of the oocyte and the spermatocyte.
{"title":"Nutrition-therapy in the Management of Infertility","authors":"A. A. Oladejo, C. R. Abah, C. Anarado","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i7588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i7588","url":null,"abstract":"Apart from aging, smoking, consumption of caffeine and alcohol, stress, agonist sports, chronic exposure to environmental pollutants, and other nutritional habits which are most often non-modifiable have detrimental effect on both man and woman’s fertility. Specifically, metabolic disorders such as diabetes, obesity and hyperlipidemia usually associated with the intake of excess calorie have been reported to have direct and indirect effect on fertility by causing damage to the health and differentiation of oocyte/spermatocyte and interference with the pituitary-hypothalamic axis respectively, which consequently lead to dysfunctional oogenesis/spermatogenesis. Obese women have lower insulin sensitivity, resulting in prolonged hyperinsulinemia, which may play a role in the development of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Thus, reduction in insulin secretion which could be brought about by dietary adjustments remain an effective non-pharmacological treatment to prevent infertility, and a Mediterranean diet aimed at maintaining normal body mass could be effective in promoting ovarian health and physiology. since oxidative stress have been implicated in defective oocyte/spermatocyte maturation, a proper intake of antioxidants and methyl-donor supplements (1-Carbon Cycle) may decline the toxic oxidants bioavailability and this could ultimately promote the maturation of the oocyte and the spermatocyte.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"36 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80172196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-06DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6585
Caroline Iruoma Anyakorah, F. Agbaje-Daniels
Aims: Microbial resistance is a threat to the successful treatment of microbial infections. Mushrooms are known to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant potential which could be inhibitory to some pathogenic organisms. The aim was to assess the phytochemicals and antimicrobial potential of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts on some pathogenic organisms. Methodology: The study was conducted at the Bells University of Technology, Nigeria, between December 2019 and August 2020. A 10% dried powder of Pleurotus ostreatus was extracted in absolute ethanol and methanol and evaporated in a water bath at 50 oC. Extracts were reconstituted in dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) at 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% respectively. Antibiotic effects of extracts were tested on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus by agar well diffusion method and compared with standard antibiotic discs. DMSO and the solvents served as positive and negative controls. Ethanolic extract was subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. Results: The extracts exhibited varying inhibitory effects on the organisms except on E coli at 12.5% ethanolic extract. The inhibition zones increased with extract concentration from 2-12 mm and 4-14 mm in ethanolic and methanolic extracts respectively. The inhibitory effect of standard antibiotics was higher 17-25 mm except for erythromycin (13-14 mm). Test organisms were resistant to Beta Lactams (augmentin, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime) and sensitive to Aminoglycoside (gentamicin), Fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin), Ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin. GC/MS revealed the presence of 30 organic compounds, amongst them were sugar, sugar alcohols, alkaloids, amines, fatty acids, esters, aldehydes, and alcohols. The most abundant were oleic acid (33.75%) and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-2-hydroxy-1- (21.21%). Phytochemicals are heterocyclic compounds found in natural products. Conclusion: P. ostreatus has been revealed to possess phytochemicals of medical relevance with potential for pharmacological application. The implication is that Pleurotus ostreatus extracts could serve as a lead to novel drug discoveries which could enhance health and nutritional well-being.
{"title":"Phytochemical Content and Antibacterial Effect of Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus Mushroom","authors":"Caroline Iruoma Anyakorah, F. Agbaje-Daniels","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6585","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Microbial resistance is a threat to the successful treatment of microbial infections. Mushrooms are known to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant potential which could be inhibitory to some pathogenic organisms. The aim was to assess the phytochemicals and antimicrobial potential of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts on some pathogenic organisms. \u0000Methodology: The study was conducted at the Bells University of Technology, Nigeria, between December 2019 and August 2020. A 10% dried powder of Pleurotus ostreatus was extracted in absolute ethanol and methanol and evaporated in a water bath at 50 oC. Extracts were reconstituted in dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) at 12.5, 25, 50, and 100% respectively. Antibiotic effects of extracts were tested on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus by agar well diffusion method and compared with standard antibiotic discs. DMSO and the solvents served as positive and negative controls. Ethanolic extract was subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. \u0000Results: The extracts exhibited varying inhibitory effects on the organisms except on E coli at 12.5% ethanolic extract. The inhibition zones increased with extract concentration from 2-12 mm and 4-14 mm in ethanolic and methanolic extracts respectively. The inhibitory effect of standard antibiotics was higher 17-25 mm except for erythromycin (13-14 mm). Test organisms were resistant to Beta Lactams (augmentin, cefuroxime, and ceftazidime) and sensitive to Aminoglycoside (gentamicin), Fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin), Ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin. GC/MS revealed the presence of 30 organic compounds, amongst them were sugar, sugar alcohols, alkaloids, amines, fatty acids, esters, aldehydes, and alcohols. The most abundant were oleic acid (33.75%) and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-2-hydroxy-1- (21.21%). Phytochemicals are heterocyclic compounds found in natural products. \u0000Conclusion: P. ostreatus has been revealed to possess phytochemicals of medical relevance with potential for pharmacological application. The implication is that Pleurotus ostreatus extracts could serve as a lead to novel drug discoveries which could enhance health and nutritional well-being.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86071408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6583
T. G. Bhuvana, N. Ranjitha
Genetic diseases are prevailing in 3-5% of new-born worldwide and estimated to cause around 50% of child deaths. The development of efficient and regulated system for customizing genome modifications to treat such disorders has been the zone of interest. Over time, different editing techniques have emerged based on programmable nucleases such as ZFN or TALENS but among all, CRISPR-Cas has significantly progressed as alteration tool from bench to clinical practices. CRISPR-Cas is an immune system discovered in prokaryotes that enables organism to recognize and destroy any invading genetic elements. This functional property of CRISPR has opened up plethora of applications across different disciplines such as diagnostics, agriculture and therapeutics. So here, the review attempt to discuss origin, mechanisms pertinent to CRISPR and applications along with challenges concerning them.
{"title":"Overview of CRISPR-Cas Mediated Genome Engineering","authors":"T. G. Bhuvana, N. Ranjitha","doi":"10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jalsi/2022/v25i6583","url":null,"abstract":"Genetic diseases are prevailing in 3-5% of new-born worldwide and estimated to cause around 50% of child deaths. The development of efficient and regulated system for customizing genome modifications to treat such disorders has been the zone of interest. Over time, different editing techniques have emerged based on programmable nucleases such as ZFN or TALENS but among all, CRISPR-Cas has significantly progressed as alteration tool from bench to clinical practices. CRISPR-Cas is an immune system discovered in prokaryotes that enables organism to recognize and destroy any invading genetic elements. This functional property of CRISPR has opened up plethora of applications across different disciplines such as diagnostics, agriculture and therapeutics. So here, the review attempt to discuss origin, mechanisms pertinent to CRISPR and applications along with challenges concerning them.","PeriodicalId":14990,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Life Sciences International","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84238350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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