This paper proposes an investigation about the PV solar panel I-V characteristic to find a way to distinguish between normal cells and hot-spot cells depending on the changes of the panel output current. The current changes will help to design the real-time hot-spot detection system. In case if partial shadowing is applied to the PV panel, the system is equipped with a DSP to give an immediate judgment if hot-spot arises from one of the cells or not. From the experimental results, it is clarified that the hot-spot cells can be determined by calculating the current rate depending on the difference in the current divided by the short circuit current.
{"title":"Investigation of PV Solar Panel I-V Characteristics for Real-time Hot-spot Detection System","authors":"H. Bakhsh, K. Itako","doi":"10.2978/JSAS.27.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2978/JSAS.27.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an investigation about the PV solar panel I-V characteristic to find a way to distinguish between normal cells and hot-spot cells depending on the changes of the panel output current. The current changes will help to design the real-time hot-spot detection system. In case if partial shadowing is applied to the PV panel, the system is equipped with a DSP to give an immediate judgment if hot-spot arises from one of the cells or not. From the experimental results, it is clarified that the hot-spot cells can be determined by calculating the current rate depending on the difference in the current divided by the short circuit current.","PeriodicalId":14991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78779250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an effort to fabricate thin film thermoelectric generators, we prepared p-type antimony telluride and n-type bismuth telluride thin films by using a RF magnetron sputtering, after which a thermal annealing was implemented. We investigated the relationship between the annealing temperatures and the properties of both types of the thin films. The structural properties were analyzed by x-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscope. The in-plane electrical properties, which were the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and power factor, were estimated at room temperature. As a result, the surface morphology of both types of the thin films exhibited nano-sized pores as the annealing temperature increased possibly because of the evaporation of tellurium atoms. This evaporation also induced to increase the defect density of both types of the thin films, and to be degraded their electrical properties. Therefore, we resulted in the higher thermoelectric properties at the annealing temperature of 300 °C; antimony telluride: S 2 = 18.8 W/(cm ∙ K 2 ) and bismuth telluride: S 2 = 20.9 W/(cm
{"title":"Film deposition and annealing treatment of sputtered bismuth telluride based thin films","authors":"Y. Sasaki, K. Takayama, M. Takashiri","doi":"10.2978/JSAS.26.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2978/JSAS.26.23","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to fabricate thin film thermoelectric generators, we prepared p-type antimony telluride and n-type bismuth telluride thin films by using a RF magnetron sputtering, after which a thermal annealing was implemented. We investigated the relationship between the annealing temperatures and the properties of both types of the thin films. The structural properties were analyzed by x-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscope. The in-plane electrical properties, which were the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and power factor, were estimated at room temperature. As a result, the surface morphology of both types of the thin films exhibited nano-sized pores as the annealing temperature increased possibly because of the evaporation of tellurium atoms. This evaporation also induced to increase the defect density of both types of the thin films, and to be degraded their electrical properties. Therefore, we resulted in the higher thermoelectric properties at the annealing temperature of 300 °C; antimony telluride: S 2 = 18.8 W/(cm ∙ K 2 ) and bismuth telluride: S 2 = 20.9 W/(cm","PeriodicalId":14991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"23-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88936380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When we recognize “learning” as a result of educational service, we should take more care for providing more suitable learning circumstances, especially in case of the education for the sustainable development, adequate circumstances may be more important, such as the way of preparing the nature as a learning material. In this study we tried to quantify the appropriate learning environment using the term of stress. Because the best performance could be obtained under some adequate stresses and arousal shown by the Yerkes-Dodson's law, therefore, we assumed that the relationship between stress and performance could be applied for extending the learning efficiency. From this point of view, stress was measured using activity of salivary amylase when students were enrolled in a lecture. Stresses were measured 4times during the lecture. We were able to consider about problem of the lecture from stresses of the students measured.
{"title":"Trial evaluation on the learning environment by quantifying stress for developing effective educational class operations in education","authors":"Mutsumi Suzuki, Y. Iwamoto, Haru-Hisa Uchida","doi":"10.2978/JSAS.26.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2978/JSAS.26.1","url":null,"abstract":"When we recognize “learning” as a result of educational service, we should take more care for providing more suitable learning circumstances, especially in case of the education for the sustainable development, adequate circumstances may be more important, such as the way of preparing the nature as a learning material. In this study we tried to quantify the appropriate learning environment using the term of stress. Because the best performance could be obtained under some adequate stresses and arousal shown by the Yerkes-Dodson's law, therefore, we assumed that the relationship between stress and performance could be applied for extending the learning efficiency. From this point of view, stress was measured using activity of salivary amylase when students were enrolled in a lecture. Stresses were measured 4times during the lecture. We were able to consider about problem of the lecture from stresses of the students measured.","PeriodicalId":14991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88525357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kenta Iitani, Toshiyuki Sato, Xin Wang, Koji Toma, T. Arakawa, K. Mitsubayashi
An imaging system for gaseous ethanol transpired from human palm skin, based on an enzymatic reaction, was assembled and validated. This system uses a highly sensitive camera that measures gaseous ethanol concentrations as intensities of chemiluminescence from luminol’s reaction induced by alcohol oxidase (AOD) and a luminol-hydrogen peroxide-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) system. Conversion of gaseous ethanol concentrations and distributions proceed on an enzyme-immobilized mesh substrate with luminol solution in a dark box. In order to visualize ethanol transpired from human palm skin, we improved the chemiluminescence sensitivity of the imaging system with a mixture of a high-purity luminol solution of luminol sodium salt HG solution and an enhancer of eosin Y solution. The detection limit of the ethanol concentration was 4.9 ppm. This highly sensitive imaging allows successful visualization of ethanol transpired from palm skin.
{"title":"“Sniffer-camera” using enzyme reaction for visualization of transpired ethanol from palm skin","authors":"Kenta Iitani, Toshiyuki Sato, Xin Wang, Koji Toma, T. Arakawa, K. Mitsubayashi","doi":"10.2978/JSAS.26.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2978/JSAS.26.20","url":null,"abstract":"An imaging system for gaseous ethanol transpired from human palm skin, based on an enzymatic reaction, was assembled and validated. This system uses a highly sensitive camera that measures gaseous ethanol concentrations as intensities of chemiluminescence from luminol’s reaction induced by alcohol oxidase (AOD) and a luminol-hydrogen peroxide-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) system. Conversion of gaseous ethanol concentrations and distributions proceed on an enzyme-immobilized mesh substrate with luminol solution in a dark box. In order to visualize ethanol transpired from human palm skin, we improved the chemiluminescence sensitivity of the imaging system with a mixture of a high-purity luminol solution of luminol sodium salt HG solution and an enhancer of eosin Y solution. The detection limit of the ethanol concentration was 4.9 ppm. This highly sensitive imaging allows successful visualization of ethanol transpired from palm skin.","PeriodicalId":14991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"20-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86765011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The shapes of classic guitars are strongly governed by the sensibilities of the craftsmen who make them, and thus, shapes vary widely. Unlike violins and other instruments, no ideal shape has yet been established for guitars. In our research, we conducted a frequency spectral analysis of tone quality with the aim of manufacturing a guitar with enhanced tone quality. In this study, we examined the effects of varying sound hole diameter of guitar, and quantitatively identified the optimal diameter.
{"title":"Study on Tone Quality of Guitar with Different Sound Hole Using Frequency Spectral Analysis","authors":"Satoshi Itako, K. Itako","doi":"10.2978/JSAS.25.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2978/JSAS.25.9","url":null,"abstract":"The shapes of classic guitars are strongly governed by the sensibilities of the craftsmen who make them, and thus, shapes vary widely. Unlike violins and other instruments, no ideal shape has yet been established for guitars. In our research, we conducted a frequency spectral analysis of tone quality with the aim of manufacturing a guitar with enhanced tone quality. In this study, we examined the effects of varying sound hole diameter of guitar, and quantitatively identified the optimal diameter.","PeriodicalId":14991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"9-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86482342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masataka Son, N. Kaneda, M. Kanazawa, Y. Yamada, K. Tachikawa
{"title":"Superconducting properties and structures of MgB2 wires prepared by external diffusion method","authors":"Masataka Son, N. Kaneda, M. Kanazawa, Y. Yamada, K. Tachikawa","doi":"10.2978/JSAS.26.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2978/JSAS.26.32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"32-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83736522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"爪装着型の触覚記録装置による「摘み」動作の計測","authors":"Y. Kojima, K. Nosu, Y. Kageyama","doi":"10.2978/JSAS.26.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2978/JSAS.26.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Science","volume":"PP 1","pages":"11-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84171578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shigeto Kawata, Masafumi Ogawa, S. Umezu, Y. Kunugi, H. Ohmori
The Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) has been attracting the attention of many researchers due to its good characteristics such as low cost, flexibility, and colorful panel. Normally DSC is produced by dipping a titaniacoated FTO electrode in the dye solution for over three hours to adsorb dye onto the titania layer of the DSC. We have been investigating fundamental characteristics of the electrostatic inkjet. Ejected droplets are charged because of high voltage application. Since the dye adsorption process depends on charge, charged dye gives a preferable effect to the adsorption process to shorten the adsorption time. In this study, an experimental set-up of an electrostatic inkjet was constructed to print dye on a titania-coated FTO electrode. We have investigated the fundamental characteristics of the dye-printed DSC by changing the printing time. As a result, the printing time was drastically reduced from several hours to about 14 or 15 minutes, and the efficiency proved to be about 5%, which is a comparable value to that made by ordinary production methods.
染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell, DSC)以其成本低、柔性强、面板色彩丰富等优点受到了广泛的关注。通常DSC是通过将钛涂层的FTO电极浸在染料溶液中超过三个小时以将染料吸附到DSC的二氧化钛层上来产生的。我们一直在研究静电喷墨的基本特性。喷射出的液滴由于高压作用而带电。由于染料吸附过程依赖于电荷，因此带电染料对吸附过程具有较好的效果，可以缩短吸附时间。在本研究中，建立了静电喷墨在钛涂层FTO电极上印刷染料的实验装置。通过改变印刷时间，研究了染料印花DSC的基本特性。结果，打印时间从几个小时大幅缩短到大约14或15分钟，效率约为5%，与普通生产方法的效率相当。
{"title":"NEW DYE ADSORPTION METHOD FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL UTILIZING ELECTROSTATIC INKJET","authors":"Shigeto Kawata, Masafumi Ogawa, S. Umezu, Y. Kunugi, H. Ohmori","doi":"10.2978/JSAS.25.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2978/JSAS.25.25","url":null,"abstract":"The Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSC) has been attracting the attention of many researchers due to its good characteristics such as low cost, flexibility, and colorful panel. Normally DSC is produced by dipping a titaniacoated FTO electrode in the dye solution for over three hours to adsorb dye onto the titania layer of the DSC. We have been investigating fundamental characteristics of the electrostatic inkjet. Ejected droplets are charged because of high voltage application. Since the dye adsorption process depends on charge, charged dye gives a preferable effect to the adsorption process to shorten the adsorption time. In this study, an experimental set-up of an electrostatic inkjet was constructed to print dye on a titania-coated FTO electrode. We have investigated the fundamental characteristics of the dye-printed DSC by changing the printing time. As a result, the printing time was drastically reduced from several hours to about 14 or 15 minutes, and the efficiency proved to be about 5%, which is a comparable value to that made by ordinary production methods.","PeriodicalId":14991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88263617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of bismuth telluride (Bi-Te), bismuth selenide (Bi-Se) and bismuth telluride selenium (Bi-Te-Se) thin films by electrodeposition. We examined the relationship between the mole ratio in the solution and the thermoelectric and structural properties of thin films. The thermoelectric properties, in terms of the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and power factor, were measured at room temperature. Then, the structural properties such as surface morphology and atomic composition were analyzed. The power factor of Bi-Te, Bi-Se and Bi-Te-Se thin films were achieved 3.1, 13.3 and 10.3 W/cm/K 2 , respectively. Although resulting performances were relatively high compared to those of thin films prepare using electrodeposition, there is still room for improvement to optimize the atomic composition of the thin
{"title":"Fabrication and characterization of bismuth-telluride based thin films by electrodeposition","authors":"Naoki Hatsuta, Ken-ichi Matsuoka, M. Takashiri","doi":"10.2978/JSAS.25.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2978/JSAS.25.21","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of bismuth telluride (Bi-Te), bismuth selenide (Bi-Se) and bismuth telluride selenium (Bi-Te-Se) thin films by electrodeposition. We examined the relationship between the mole ratio in the solution and the thermoelectric and structural properties of thin films. The thermoelectric properties, in terms of the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and power factor, were measured at room temperature. Then, the structural properties such as surface morphology and atomic composition were analyzed. The power factor of Bi-Te, Bi-Se and Bi-Te-Se thin films were achieved 3.1, 13.3 and 10.3 W/cm/K 2 , respectively. Although resulting performances were relatively high compared to those of thin films prepare using electrodeposition, there is still room for improvement to optimize the atomic composition of the thin","PeriodicalId":14991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89945203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yurika Suzuki, Daisuke Miki, K. Miyajima, T. Arakawa, K. Mitsubayashi, Moeka Arai, H. Shimomura, K. Shiba
{"title":"Fiber-optic chemifluorescent immunoassay for house dust mite allergen Der f1","authors":"Yurika Suzuki, Daisuke Miki, K. Miyajima, T. Arakawa, K. Mitsubayashi, Moeka Arai, H. Shimomura, K. Shiba","doi":"10.2978/JSAS.25.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2978/JSAS.25.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14991,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"14-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81292075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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