Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4654
Ranjan Kumar Jena, I Yesu Raja, V Ramamoorthy, S Lakshmi Narayanan, R Renuka, Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan K, A Subbiah, V Karthik Pandi
Grapevine powdery mildew is the world's most important plant disease, and Ampelomyces frequently fight them. While it does not usually cause plant death, its major infections can result in significant production losses and severely impact wine quality. Fungicides are frequently used to control the disease, which can have long-term adverse effects on the ecosystem. As a result, alternative and environmentally friendly disease management approaches must be developed. The study aimed to reduce costly and toxic fungicide use by using Ampelomyces, a natural biofungicide, against various powdery mildew fungi. GC-MS analysis was also used to determine the antagonistic potential and efficacy of volatile organic chemicals produced by several Ampelomyces spp. against Erysiphe necator, which causes powdery mildew of grapes. The molecular characterization of A. quisqualis isolates based on using rDNA ITS region was also carried out and sequenced. GC-MS analysis identified various antimicrobial compounds, such as squalene (4.643%), octadecanoic acid (3.862%), tetradecanoic acid (3.600%), and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (1.451%). The least abundant compounds were 2-Hexadecanol, 1-Tricosanol, and 2-propenyl ester, with percentages of 0.485, 0.519, and 0.560, respectively. These bioactive compounds revealed by GC-MS analysis in crude extracts of A. quisqualis had a stronger antifungal and antibacterial activity against E. necator. As a result, using A. quisqualis to control the powdery mildew of grapes significantly reduced pathogen growth and disease incidence.
{"title":"Antimicrobial nature of specific compounds of Ampelomyces quisqualis identified from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis and their mycoparasite nature against powdery mildew of grapes","authors":"Ranjan Kumar Jena, I Yesu Raja, V Ramamoorthy, S Lakshmi Narayanan, R Renuka, Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan K, A Subbiah, V Karthik Pandi","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4654","url":null,"abstract":"Grapevine powdery mildew is the world's most important plant disease, and Ampelomyces frequently fight them. While it does not usually cause plant death, its major infections can result in significant production losses and severely impact wine quality. Fungicides are frequently used to control the disease, which can have long-term adverse effects on the ecosystem. As a result, alternative and environmentally friendly disease management approaches must be developed. The study aimed to reduce costly and toxic fungicide use by using Ampelomyces, a natural biofungicide, against various powdery mildew fungi. GC-MS analysis was also used to determine the antagonistic potential and efficacy of volatile organic chemicals produced by several Ampelomyces spp. against Erysiphe necator, which causes powdery mildew of grapes. The molecular characterization of A. quisqualis isolates based on using rDNA ITS region was also carried out and sequenced. GC-MS analysis identified various antimicrobial compounds, such as squalene (4.643%), octadecanoic acid (3.862%), tetradecanoic acid (3.600%), and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (1.451%). The least abundant compounds were 2-Hexadecanol, 1-Tricosanol, and 2-propenyl ester, with percentages of 0.485, 0.519, and 0.560, respectively. These bioactive compounds revealed by GC-MS analysis in crude extracts of A. quisqualis had a stronger antifungal and antibacterial activity against E. necator. As a result, using A. quisqualis to control the powdery mildew of grapes significantly reduced pathogen growth and disease incidence.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4640
Sountharya R, Smitha S. Kumar, Krishnamoorthy S. V., Murugan M, Senthil N., Karthikeyan S.
In recent years, an invasive cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti has been threatening cassava cultivation alongside another invasive papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus which invaded the country more than a decade ago. In order to evaluate their responses against the commonly used neonicotinoid insecticides: thiamethoxam 25 WG and imidacloprid 17.8 SL, acute toxicity experiments to determine the susceptibility baselines in populations of two invasive mealybugs in the cassava agro-ecosystem, namely, cassava mealybug P. manihoti and papaya mealybug P. marginatus were performed upto 15 generations. A systemic uptake method was used for the bioassay. The LC50 values of thiamethoxam for F1 generation were 3.298 ppm whereas it was 1.066 ppm for F15 in cassava mealybug. The LC50 values of F1 generation were 2.014 ppm and that of F15 generation was 1.384 ppm when tested with imidacloprid. In the case of papaya mealybug, the LC50 values ranged from 6.138 ppm (F1) to 2.503 ppm (F15) for thiamethoxam and 7.457 ppm (F1) to 3.231 ppm (F15) for imidacloprid. All the susceptibility indices calculated were less than threefold. The rate of resistance development was negative in all cases showing that none of the tested populations harboured any resistance without insecticidal selection pressure. Tentative discriminating doses were fixed for both chemicals with the help of LC95 values obtained from the bioassay experiments, namely five ppm for both thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in the case of cassava mealybug and 10 ppm and 15 ppm, respectively, for thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in the case of papaya mealybug.
{"title":"Susceptibility baselines for the invasive mealybugs Phenacoccus manihoti and Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in cassava ecosystem against selected neonicotinoid insecticides","authors":"Sountharya R, Smitha S. Kumar, Krishnamoorthy S. V., Murugan M, Senthil N., Karthikeyan S.","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4640","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, an invasive cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti has been threatening cassava cultivation alongside another invasive papaya mealybug Paracoccus marginatus which invaded the country more than a decade ago. In order to evaluate their responses against the commonly used neonicotinoid insecticides: thiamethoxam 25 WG and imidacloprid 17.8 SL, acute toxicity experiments to determine the susceptibility baselines in populations of two invasive mealybugs in the cassava agro-ecosystem, namely, cassava mealybug P. manihoti and papaya mealybug P. marginatus were performed upto 15 generations. A systemic uptake method was used for the bioassay. The LC50 values of thiamethoxam for F1 generation were 3.298 ppm whereas it was 1.066 ppm for F15 in cassava mealybug. The LC50 values of F1 generation were 2.014 ppm and that of F15 generation was 1.384 ppm when tested with imidacloprid. In the case of papaya mealybug, the LC50 values ranged from 6.138 ppm (F1) to 2.503 ppm (F15) for thiamethoxam and 7.457 ppm (F1) to 3.231 ppm (F15) for imidacloprid. All the susceptibility indices calculated were less than threefold. The rate of resistance development was negative in all cases showing that none of the tested populations harboured any resistance without insecticidal selection pressure. Tentative discriminating doses were fixed for both chemicals with the help of LC95 values obtained from the bioassay experiments, namely five ppm for both thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in the case of cassava mealybug and 10 ppm and 15 ppm, respectively, for thiamethoxam and imidacloprid in the case of papaya mealybug.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4753
Narayanaswamy Jeevan, Sellaperumal Pazhanivelan, Ramalingam Kumaraperumal, Kaliaperumal Ragunath, P Murali Arthanari, N Sritharan, A Karthikkumar, S Manikandan
The effect of spray volume on weed control in transplanted rice ecosystems using the Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) needs to be better understood for management in the advancements of UAV-based spraying technology. The present study aimed to find out the influence of varied spray volumes of 15 L/ha, 20 L/ha and 25 L/ha using the UAV and 500 L/ha using a Knapsack sprayer (KS) to compare the weed density, weed dry matter and weed control efficiency and yield in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pre-emergence (PE) application of Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl at 25 g a.i./ha at three days after transplanting (DAT) and post-emergence (PoE) application of Bis-pyribac sodium at 25 g a.i./ha at 25 DAT were used as herbicide treatments. The results revealed that varied spray volumes significantly influenced the weed density, dry matter, and weed control efficiency of the UAV and KS. Application of herbicides using KS (500 L/ha) and UAV (25 L/ha) had better control on the weeds by reducing weed density and dry matter at 20, 40, and 60 DAT, with no significant difference. Higher grain yield and straw yield were recorded in KS (500 L/ha) and UAV (25 L/ha), with no significant difference. However, applying 25 L/ha had better weed control efficiency and higher yield, possibly due to optimum deposition. Considering the low volume application of UAV (25 L/ha) as compared with KS (500 L/ha), it is better to go for the optimal application of 25 L/ha, which is an energy-efficient and cost-effective, labour-saving approach compared to KS.
随着无人机喷雾技术的不断发展，需要更好地了解喷雾量对移栽水稻生态系统杂草控制的影响。本研究旨在研究15、20、25 L/ha无人机和500 L/ha背负式喷雾器对移栽水稻杂草密度、干物质、防杂草效率和产量的影响。采用移栽后3 d出苗前(PE)施用25 g a.i./ha吡唑磺隆乙基除草剂，出苗后(PoE)施用25 g a.i./ha双吡虫胺钠。结果表明，不同的喷雾量对无人机和KS的杂草密度、干物质和杂草控制效率有显著影响。施用500 L/ha和25 L/ha的除草剂，在20、40和60个DAT时减少杂草密度和干物质，对杂草的控制效果较好，但差异不显著。籽粒产量和秸秆产量以KS (500 L/ha)和UAV (25 L/ha)最高，差异不显著。施用25 L/ hm2具有较好的防杂草效果和较高的产量，可能与最佳沉降有关。考虑到无人机的小批量应用(25升/公顷)与KS(500升/公顷)相比，最好是25升/公顷的最佳应用，与KS相比，这是一种节能、经济、节省劳动力的方法。
{"title":"Effect of different herbicide spray volumes on weed control efficiency of a battery-operated Unmanned aerial vehicle sprayer in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Narayanaswamy Jeevan, Sellaperumal Pazhanivelan, Ramalingam Kumaraperumal, Kaliaperumal Ragunath, P Murali Arthanari, N Sritharan, A Karthikkumar, S Manikandan","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4753","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of spray volume on weed control in transplanted rice ecosystems using the Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) needs to be better understood for management in the advancements of UAV-based spraying technology. The present study aimed to find out the influence of varied spray volumes of 15 L/ha, 20 L/ha and 25 L/ha using the UAV and 500 L/ha using a Knapsack sprayer (KS) to compare the weed density, weed dry matter and weed control efficiency and yield in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.). Pre-emergence (PE) application of Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl at 25 g a.i./ha at three days after transplanting (DAT) and post-emergence (PoE) application of Bis-pyribac sodium at 25 g a.i./ha at 25 DAT were used as herbicide treatments. The results revealed that varied spray volumes significantly influenced the weed density, dry matter, and weed control efficiency of the UAV and KS. Application of herbicides using KS (500 L/ha) and UAV (25 L/ha) had better control on the weeds by reducing weed density and dry matter at 20, 40, and 60 DAT, with no significant difference. Higher grain yield and straw yield were recorded in KS (500 L/ha) and UAV (25 L/ha), with no significant difference. However, applying 25 L/ha had better weed control efficiency and higher yield, possibly due to optimum deposition. Considering the low volume application of UAV (25 L/ha) as compared with KS (500 L/ha), it is better to go for the optimal application of 25 L/ha, which is an energy-efficient and cost-effective, labour-saving approach compared to KS.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4893
S. Pradeep Kumar, M. Mohamed Yassin, S. Marimuthu, M.K. Kalarani, S. Thiyageshwari, Guru Meenakshi
In agriculture, the utilization of nanomaterials has garnered significant global attention. This research adopts a pioneering approach to investigate the influence of nanosilica on the germination dynamics of sweetcorn seeds. The present study aimed to synthesize and analyze an amorphous nano-silica material using rice husk ash (RHA) and its impact on the germination of sweetcorn seeds (Zea mays L. sachharata). The extracted nano-silica particles dispersed into six rates of suspensions (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm) were used to study their effects on seed germination. The synthesized amorphous nano-silica was determined for size, shape, and elemental content. The amorphous nature of the silica sample was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy-selected area electron diffraction (ED) patterns and X-ray diffraction (XRD), whereas siloxane and silanol groups were mainly detected by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Image obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of original nanoparticles alongside secondary microparticles, probably due to agglomeration. Particles in the extracted amorphous silica had an average diameter of 35 nm. Nano-silica powder was amorphous, according to XRD. As per the EDS analysis, the extracted silica sample is 96.87 % pure. The amorphous nano-silica significantly boosted germination metrics such as germination percentage, germination index, vigour index, and mean germination time of sweetcorn. With the addition of 300 ppm nano-silica, the germination percentage increased by 40.1%, the germination index by 96%, and the vigor index by 120% over control seeds. The improvement of seed germination by amorphous nano-silica in sweetcorn implies a potential application of nano-silica in seed germination.
{"title":"Influence of rice husk ash-derived silica nanoparticles on sweetcorn (Zea mays L. sachharata) seed germination","authors":"S. Pradeep Kumar, M. Mohamed Yassin, S. Marimuthu, M.K. Kalarani, S. Thiyageshwari, Guru Meenakshi","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4893","url":null,"abstract":"In agriculture, the utilization of nanomaterials has garnered significant global attention. This research adopts a pioneering approach to investigate the influence of nanosilica on the germination dynamics of sweetcorn seeds. The present study aimed to synthesize and analyze an amorphous nano-silica material using rice husk ash (RHA) and its impact on the germination of sweetcorn seeds (Zea mays L. sachharata). The extracted nano-silica particles dispersed into six rates of suspensions (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm) were used to study their effects on seed germination. The synthesized amorphous nano-silica was determined for size, shape, and elemental content. The amorphous nature of the silica sample was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy-selected area electron diffraction (ED) patterns and X-ray diffraction (XRD), whereas siloxane and silanol groups were mainly detected by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Image obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the presence of original nanoparticles alongside secondary microparticles, probably due to agglomeration. Particles in the extracted amorphous silica had an average diameter of 35 nm. Nano-silica powder was amorphous, according to XRD. As per the EDS analysis, the extracted silica sample is 96.87 % pure. The amorphous nano-silica significantly boosted germination metrics such as germination percentage, germination index, vigour index, and mean germination time of sweetcorn. With the addition of 300 ppm nano-silica, the germination percentage increased by 40.1%, the germination index by 96%, and the vigor index by 120% over control seeds. The improvement of seed germination by amorphous nano-silica in sweetcorn implies a potential application of nano-silica in seed germination.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)], derived from various industries, including fly ash from coal-based Thermal Power Plants, can be a source of toxic pollution of land and water bodies. This study aimed to bioremediation of such pollutant dump sites using bacteria capable of both Cr(VI) reduction and plant growth-enhancing substance production. The bacteria were isolated from the rhizospheric fly ash of a Thermal Power Plant, Kanpur. One of the rhizospheric isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa R32 showed high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Cr(VI) (1250 µg/ml), heavy metal tolerance (ZnCl2, CdCl2, Pb(NO3)2) up to 100 µg/ml, Acid Red 249 (AR) tolerance and halotolerance (6% NaCl). The isolate R32 also produces plant growth-promoting (PGP) hormones in the absence or presence of Cr (VI). R32 could completely reduce Cr(VI) at a tested dose of 100 and 500 μg/ml after 24h and 72h, respectively. However, decolorization of AR was observed after 48 hours at an initial concentration of 100 µg/ml and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Vigna mungo seed inoculation with isolate R32 showed increased rootling growth compared to shoot after 7 d treatment with 0, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml of Cr(VI) concentrations, respectively. Root length tolerance index in Cr(VI) treated V. mungo seedlings was reduced to 56%, 35%, and 29%, respectively, when treated with 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml Cr(VI) in comparison to control. Cr(VI) sub-MIC concentrations can affect the plant growth-promoting properties of rhizospheric bacteria. Herein, we report the isolation of rhizospheric bacteria P. aeruginosa R32 showing concurrent PGP substance production and Cr(VI) bioreduction capabilities in the presence of PGP inhibitory Cr(VI) concentrations.
{"title":"Heavy metal, salinity and azo dye tolerant, Cr (VI) reducing, plant growth-promoting Pseudomonas aeruginosa R32 reverses Cr (VI) biotoxic effects in Vigna mungo","authors":"Vineet Kumar, Rishabh Anand Omar, Shilpa Deshpande Kaistha","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4726","url":null,"abstract":"Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)], derived from various industries, including fly ash from coal-based Thermal Power Plants, can be a source of toxic pollution of land and water bodies. This study aimed to bioremediation of such pollutant dump sites using bacteria capable of both Cr(VI) reduction and plant growth-enhancing substance production. The bacteria were isolated from the rhizospheric fly ash of a Thermal Power Plant, Kanpur. One of the rhizospheric isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa R32 showed high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Cr(VI) (1250 µg/ml), heavy metal tolerance (ZnCl2, CdCl2, Pb(NO3)2) up to 100 µg/ml, Acid Red 249 (AR) tolerance and halotolerance (6% NaCl). The isolate R32 also produces plant growth-promoting (PGP) hormones in the absence or presence of Cr (VI). R32 could completely reduce Cr(VI) at a tested dose of 100 and 500 μg/ml after 24h and 72h, respectively. However, decolorization of AR was observed after 48 hours at an initial concentration of 100 µg/ml and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Vigna mungo seed inoculation with isolate R32 showed increased rootling growth compared to shoot after 7 d treatment with 0, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml of Cr(VI) concentrations, respectively. Root length tolerance index in Cr(VI) treated V. mungo seedlings was reduced to 56%, 35%, and 29%, respectively, when treated with 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml Cr(VI) in comparison to control. Cr(VI) sub-MIC concentrations can affect the plant growth-promoting properties of rhizospheric bacteria. Herein, we report the isolation of rhizospheric bacteria P. aeruginosa R32 showing concurrent PGP substance production and Cr(VI) bioreduction capabilities in the presence of PGP inhibitory Cr(VI) concentrations.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4803
M V Priya, R Kalpana, S Pazhanivelan, R Kumaraperumal, K P Ragunath, G. Vanitha, Ashmitha Nihar, P J Prajesh, Vasumathi V
Vegetation indices serve as an essential tool in monitoring variations in vegetation. The vegetation indices used often, viz., normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) were computed from MODIS vegetation index products. The present study aimed to monitor vegetation's seasonal dynamics by using time series NDVI and EVI indices in Tamil Nadu from 2011 to 2021. Two products characterize the global range of vegetation states and processes more effectively. The data sources were processed and the values of NDVI and EVI were extracted using ArcGIS software. There was a significant difference in vegetation intensity and status of vegetation over time, with NDVI having a larger value than EVI, indicating that biomass intensity varies over time in Tamil Nadu. Among the land cover classes, the deciduous forest showed the highest mean values for NDVI (0.83) and EVI (0.38), followed by cropland mean values of NDVI (0.71) and EVI (0.31) and the lowest NDVI (0.68) and EVI (0.29) was recorded in the scrubland. The study demonstrated that vegetation indices extracted from MODIS offered valuable information on vegetation status and condition at a short temporal time period.
{"title":"Monitoring vegetation dynamics using multi-temporal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) images of Tamil Nadu","authors":"M V Priya, R Kalpana, S Pazhanivelan, R Kumaraperumal, K P Ragunath, G. Vanitha, Ashmitha Nihar, P J Prajesh, Vasumathi V","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4803","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation indices serve as an essential tool in monitoring variations in vegetation. The vegetation indices used often, viz., normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI) were computed from MODIS vegetation index products. The present study aimed to monitor vegetation's seasonal dynamics by using time series NDVI and EVI indices in Tamil Nadu from 2011 to 2021. Two products characterize the global range of vegetation states and processes more effectively. The data sources were processed and the values of NDVI and EVI were extracted using ArcGIS software. There was a significant difference in vegetation intensity and status of vegetation over time, with NDVI having a larger value than EVI, indicating that biomass intensity varies over time in Tamil Nadu. Among the land cover classes, the deciduous forest showed the highest mean values for NDVI (0.83) and EVI (0.38), followed by cropland mean values of NDVI (0.71) and EVI (0.31) and the lowest NDVI (0.68) and EVI (0.29) was recorded in the scrubland. The study demonstrated that vegetation indices extracted from MODIS offered valuable information on vegetation status and condition at a short temporal time period.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4697
Gustaf Oematan
Chromolaena odorata is a potential feed source but is low in methionine, which might affect the rumen function. Therefore providing efficient nutrient/s might improve rumen function. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of a concentrate containing Chromolaena odorata meal, hydroxy methionine analog (HMA), and palm oil on blood metabolites of fattened cattle. Sixteen Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus) with an average body weight of 130.5kg ± 32.5 were allotted into four dietary treatments (and four replicates) using a Completely Randomized Block Design with 4 cattle in each Group. The treatments were concentrates with no addition of palm oil and/or HMA as the control diet (Group I) , added with 3 g HMA (CMA) (Group II), added with 0.5% palm oil (Group III) and (CPO) added with a combination of 3 g HMA and 0.5% palm oil (CMO) Group IV). The concentrate was offered to the animals at a rate of 2% liveweight, whilst rice straws were provided ad libitum as the source of fiber. The concentrate contained 18% crude protein and 12 MJ ME/kg DM to target a live weight gain of at least 0.6 kg/day. Blood metabolites measured were total cholesterol levels, plasma glucose, plasma proteins, and plasma urea. Collected data were subjected to analysis of variance with the significance level set at an alpha value of ≤ 0.05. The results showed that providing concentrate-containing. C. odorata with or without HMA and/or palm oil (Group IV) only significantly affected blood plasma proteins, whereas other blood metabolites were unaffected. It might be concluded that there is no benefit of adding palm oil or methionine analog to chromolaena-based concentrate for fattened cattle since it will not affect the concentration of blood metabolites.
{"title":"Efficacy of concentrates containing tropical weed Chromolaena odorata, methionine hydroxy analog and palm oils in fattening male Bali cattle: A physiological study","authors":"Gustaf Oematan","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4697","url":null,"abstract":"Chromolaena odorata is a potential feed source but is low in methionine, which might affect the rumen function. Therefore providing efficient nutrient/s might improve rumen function. The study aimed to assess the efficacy of a concentrate containing Chromolaena odorata meal, hydroxy methionine analog (HMA), and palm oil on blood metabolites of fattened cattle. Sixteen Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus) with an average body weight of 130.5kg ± 32.5 were allotted into four dietary treatments (and four replicates) using a Completely Randomized Block Design with 4 cattle in each Group. The treatments were concentrates with no addition of palm oil and/or HMA as the control diet (Group I) , added with 3 g HMA (CMA) (Group II), added with 0.5% palm oil (Group III) and (CPO) added with a combination of 3 g HMA and 0.5% palm oil (CMO) Group IV). The concentrate was offered to the animals at a rate of 2% liveweight, whilst rice straws were provided ad libitum as the source of fiber. The concentrate contained 18% crude protein and 12 MJ ME/kg DM to target a live weight gain of at least 0.6 kg/day. Blood metabolites measured were total cholesterol levels, plasma glucose, plasma proteins, and plasma urea. Collected data were subjected to analysis of variance with the significance level set at an alpha value of ≤ 0.05. The results showed that providing concentrate-containing. C. odorata with or without HMA and/or palm oil (Group IV) only significantly affected blood plasma proteins, whereas other blood metabolites were unaffected. It might be concluded that there is no benefit of adding palm oil or methionine analog to chromolaena-based concentrate for fattened cattle since it will not affect the concentration of blood metabolites.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i2.4462
Sheila M. Nuraddin
A urinary tract infection is a colonization of uropathogens anywhere in the urinary tract: kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. Most paediatric Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by Gram-negative coliform bacteria arising from faecal flora colonising the perineum, which enter and ascend the urinary tract.The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of UTI among febrile children of different ages presented with specific or non-specific symptoms suggestive of UTI. The samples acquired from children were cultured on MacConkey agar and Blood agar by using disposable loops. The cultures were incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C. The positive cultures were recognized by the bacterial colony features. Gram staining technique was used to distinguish Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while VITEK® 2 microbial ID/AST was conducted for the entire diagnosis. The study observed the respondents (48.5%) of the participants were 5 – 10 years old, more than one quarter (28.5%) of them were <5 years, the majority (83.8%) were female, and 16.2% of them were male. Regarding culture and sensitivity tests, 46.2% of children had bacteriuria. About 43.8% of infections were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, while only 2.3% were caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Escherichia coli was the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), accounting for 32.3%, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.1%) and only 1.5% of patients had Staphylococcus Aureus. The uropathogens were mostly resistant to the cephalosporin group. E. coli remained the most predominant uropathogen in children. The results showed that meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin were drug of choice in UTI therapy.
{"title":"Profile and antibiotic susceptibility of urinary pathogenic bacteria in children attending Raparen Hospital, Erbil, Iraq","authors":"Sheila M. Nuraddin","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i2.4462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i2.4462","url":null,"abstract":"A urinary tract infection is a colonization of uropathogens anywhere in the urinary tract: kidney, ureter, bladder, and urethra. Most paediatric Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by Gram-negative coliform bacteria arising from faecal flora colonising the perineum, which enter and ascend the urinary tract.The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of UTI among febrile children of different ages presented with specific or non-specific symptoms suggestive of UTI. The samples acquired from children were cultured on MacConkey agar and Blood agar by using disposable loops. The cultures were incubated for 24 hours at 37 °C. The positive cultures were recognized by the bacterial colony features. Gram staining technique was used to distinguish Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while VITEK® 2 microbial ID/AST was conducted for the entire diagnosis. The study observed the respondents (48.5%) of the participants were 5 – 10 years old, more than one quarter (28.5%) of them were <5 years, the majority (83.8%) were female, and 16.2% of them were male. Regarding culture and sensitivity tests, 46.2% of children had bacteriuria. About 43.8% of infections were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, while only 2.3% were caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Escherichia coli was the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI), accounting for 32.3%, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.1%) and only 1.5% of patients had Staphylococcus Aureus. The uropathogens were mostly resistant to the cephalosporin group. E. coli remained the most predominant uropathogen in children. The results showed that meropenem, imipenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin were drug of choice in UTI therapy.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46681642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i2.4602
Yomto Mayi, Joanica Delicia Jyrwa, S. K. Patnaik
The advent of geospatial technology plays a vital role in identifying environmental problems and provides solutions to good decision-making. In India, much of wildlife research and management occurs in protected areas. Therefore, it is imperative to study the landscape dynamics of such areas. The present study aimed to investigate the spatio-temporal of land use/land cover (LULC) changes that occurred in Daying Ering wildlife sanctuary, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, for 10 years (2012-2022). The LULC were categorized into vegetation, water body, marsh, riverbed, and grassland. Supervised classification was used with the maximum likelihood algorithm in ERDAS 15.0 software. Post-assessment of the study area images revealed that there had been some major land changes whereby grassland has decreased by 25.10 %, an increase in the river bed (16.73%), and an increase in the water body (16.16%). The findings of the present study call for attention from researchers, environmentalists, policymakers, government officials and local villagers to study the consequences of LULC changes on vulnerable species and form mitigation/management measures accordingly.
{"title":"Monitoring of Land use/ land cover changes of Daying Ering Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh, India, using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System","authors":"Yomto Mayi, Joanica Delicia Jyrwa, S. K. Patnaik","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i2.4602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i2.4602","url":null,"abstract":"The advent of geospatial technology plays a vital role in identifying environmental problems and provides solutions to good decision-making. In India, much of wildlife research and management occurs in protected areas. Therefore, it is imperative to study the landscape dynamics of such areas. The present study aimed to investigate the spatio-temporal of land use/land cover (LULC) changes that occurred in Daying Ering wildlife sanctuary, East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, for 10 years (2012-2022). The LULC were categorized into vegetation, water body, marsh, riverbed, and grassland. Supervised classification was used with the maximum likelihood algorithm in ERDAS 15.0 software. Post-assessment of the study area images revealed that there had been some major land changes whereby grassland has decreased by 25.10 %, an increase in the river bed (16.73%), and an increase in the water body (16.16%). The findings of the present study call for attention from researchers, environmentalists, policymakers, government officials and local villagers to study the consequences of LULC changes on vulnerable species and form mitigation/management measures accordingly.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47809534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i2.4377
S. S, R. S
Scylla serrata (Crustacea: Decapoda), which is widely spread on the intertidal mudflat of West Bengal, India's Sundarbans Biosphere Reserves, is a potential aqua crop and an economically significant edible species. One of the larger crab groups in the mangrove swamp of the Sundarbans is thought to be this one. The S. serrata's multifaceted immune response is directly tied to its diverse habitat and survival technique. It lives in dangerous surroundings and is constantly in danger of physiological stress brought on by various xenobiotics, such as arsenic. By producing a number of polyclonal antisera in rabbits (New Zealand White, albino), the study attempted to evaluate the surface antigen against crab hemocytes and murine lymphocytes. Control hemocytes and hemocytes treated to 1 ppm expressed very identical reactivity to antihemocyte sera for the agglutination reaction. The control results, however, shifted when exposed to 2 and 3 ppm of sodium arsenite, indicating arsenic-induced hemocyte surface modification. The agglutination reaction from the control sets of hemocytes that reacted with murine anti-lymphocyte sera gradually, shifted as the quantity of sodium arsenite in the medium of the treatment sets increased. The maximum equivalence zone of murine lymphocyte and hemocyte agglutination 98.6% and 99% respectively suggested a potential epitope sharing between two phylogenetically separate species. The situation may lead to a possible alteration of immune status and make opportunity for pathogenic foreign invaders within the mud crab body. Chronic arsenic exposure indicated a steady decline of edible and demandable S. serrata in the natural habitat of Sundarbans.
{"title":"Studies on modulation of hemocyte surface antigen through agglutination reaction under arsenic toxicity in edible mudcrab (Scylla serrata)","authors":"S. S, R. S","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i2.4377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i2.4377","url":null,"abstract":"Scylla serrata (Crustacea: Decapoda), which is widely spread on the intertidal mudflat of West Bengal, India's Sundarbans Biosphere Reserves, is a potential aqua crop and an economically significant edible species. One of the larger crab groups in the mangrove swamp of the Sundarbans is thought to be this one. The S. serrata's multifaceted immune response is directly tied to its diverse habitat and survival technique. It lives in dangerous surroundings and is constantly in danger of physiological stress brought on by various xenobiotics, such as arsenic. By producing a number of polyclonal antisera in rabbits (New Zealand White, albino), the study attempted to evaluate the surface antigen against crab hemocytes and murine lymphocytes. Control hemocytes and hemocytes treated to 1 ppm expressed very identical reactivity to antihemocyte sera for the agglutination reaction. The control results, however, shifted when exposed to 2 and 3 ppm of sodium arsenite, indicating arsenic-induced hemocyte surface modification. The agglutination reaction from the control sets of hemocytes that reacted with murine anti-lymphocyte sera gradually, shifted as the quantity of sodium arsenite in the medium of the treatment sets increased. The maximum equivalence zone of murine lymphocyte and hemocyte agglutination 98.6% and 99% respectively suggested a potential epitope sharing between two phylogenetically separate species. The situation may lead to a possible alteration of immune status and make opportunity for pathogenic foreign invaders within the mud crab body. Chronic arsenic exposure indicated a steady decline of edible and demandable S. serrata in the natural habitat of Sundarbans.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49236486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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