Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4781
Deha Agus Umarhadi, Wahyu Wardhana, None Senawi, Emma Soraya
Social forestry schemes are now being implemented in numerous state forest areas in Indonesia, aiming to reduce deforestation and improve the community’s livelihood. However, spatial monitoring in the social forestry area is still limited to see how the implementation progresses. The present study aimed to identify the change of forest taking a case in Pati Forest Farmer Communities (KTH Pati) social forestry area from 1996 to 2022 using the LandTrendr algorithm based on Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) value of Landsat image series. The results detected forest loss and gain covering an area of 453.97 ha and 494.18 ha, respectively. Two main reasons causing the forest loss are the country’s financial and political situation from 1997 to 2003 and the harvest of forest plantations in 2017–2018. However, it was found that the study area had a positive forest gain with the current continuous growth of 292.32 ha (20.16% of the total area). Even though the social forestry policy has not significantly shown a positive impact on forest growth, spatial monitoring through remote sensing can be a great tool for observing the progress.
{"title":"Monitoring forest gain and loss based on LandTrendr algorithm and Landsat images in KTH Pati social forestry area, Indonesia","authors":"Deha Agus Umarhadi, Wahyu Wardhana, None Senawi, Emma Soraya","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4781","url":null,"abstract":"Social forestry schemes are now being implemented in numerous state forest areas in Indonesia, aiming to reduce deforestation and improve the community’s livelihood. However, spatial monitoring in the social forestry area is still limited to see how the implementation progresses. The present study aimed to identify the change of forest taking a case in Pati Forest Farmer Communities (KTH Pati) social forestry area from 1996 to 2022 using the LandTrendr algorithm based on Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) value of Landsat image series. The results detected forest loss and gain covering an area of 453.97 ha and 494.18 ha, respectively. Two main reasons causing the forest loss are the country’s financial and political situation from 1997 to 2003 and the harvest of forest plantations in 2017–2018. However, it was found that the study area had a positive forest gain with the current continuous growth of 292.32 ha (20.16% of the total area). Even though the social forestry policy has not significantly shown a positive impact on forest growth, spatial monitoring through remote sensing can be a great tool for observing the progress.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study on soil carbon dynamics provides valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices, optimizing crop productivity and environmental sustainability in maize-based cropping systems. The present study aimed to find out the soil characteristics and carbon dynamics in maize-based cropping systems in the Western zone of Tamil Nadu, India. Soil samples from six cropping systems were analyzed for bulk density, sand, silt, clay content, pH, available nutrients (N, P, K, Zn), total organic carbon (TOC), oxidizable organic carbon fractions, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and carbon pools. The distribution of oxidizable organic carbon fractions varied among cropping systems and soil depths. The easily decomposable and moderately labile fractions were highest in the maize-black gram system, while the recalcitrant fraction showed variations across cropping systems. The active carbon pool (Cf1 + Cf2) was highest at 2.53 g kg-1 in the maize-blackgram system, while the passive carbon pool (Cf3 + Cf4) was also highest at 3.79 g kg-1 in this system. The study also assessed the carbon stock and microbial biomass carbon. TOC content decreased with depth, with the highest values observed in the topsoil. The maize-black gram system had the highest TOC content at all depths. MBC content followed a similar pattern, with the highest values in the topsoil and the maize-black gram system. These findings provided insights into the soil characteristics and carbon dynamics in maize-based cropping systems in the study area. The long-term integration of maize cultivation with blackgram demonstrated significant enhancements in organic carbon levels, TOC content, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and both passive and active carbon pools characterized by rapid turnover rates.
这项土壤碳动态研究为可持续农业实践、优化玉米种植系统的作物生产力和环境可持续性提供了有价值的见解。本研究旨在了解印度泰米尔纳德邦西部地区玉米种植系统的土壤特征和碳动态。分析了6种种植制度下土壤样品的容重、砂质、粉质、粘土含量、pH、速效养分(N、P、K、Zn)、总有机碳(TOC)、可氧化有机碳组分、微生物生物量碳(MBC)和碳库。可氧化有机碳组分的分布在不同的种植制度和土壤深度之间存在差异。易分解组分和中等不稳定组分在玉米-黑克体系中最高，而难分解组分在不同的种植体系中存在差异。活性碳库(Cf1 + Cf2)最高，为2.53 g kg-1;被动碳库(Cf3 + Cf4)最高，为3.79 g kg-1。研究还评估了碳储量和微生物生物量碳。TOC含量随深度降低，表层土壤中TOC含量最高。玉米-黑克体系各深度TOC含量最高。MBC含量变化规律相似，在表层土壤和玉米-黑克体系中含量最高。这些发现为研究区以玉米为基础的种植系统的土壤特征和碳动态提供了见解。玉米与黑土长期结合，有机碳含量、TOC含量、微生物生物量碳(MBC)以及以快速周转率为特征的被动碳库和活性碳库均显著提高。
{"title":"Sowing carbon solutions: Decoding soil characteristics and carbon fluxes in maize-dominated cropping systems of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"Libi Robin, P, Kaleeswari, R.K., Janaki, P, Uma. D, Karthikeyan, S","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4760","url":null,"abstract":"This study on soil carbon dynamics provides valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices, optimizing crop productivity and environmental sustainability in maize-based cropping systems. The present study aimed to find out the soil characteristics and carbon dynamics in maize-based cropping systems in the Western zone of Tamil Nadu, India. Soil samples from six cropping systems were analyzed for bulk density, sand, silt, clay content, pH, available nutrients (N, P, K, Zn), total organic carbon (TOC), oxidizable organic carbon fractions, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and carbon pools. The distribution of oxidizable organic carbon fractions varied among cropping systems and soil depths. The easily decomposable and moderately labile fractions were highest in the maize-black gram system, while the recalcitrant fraction showed variations across cropping systems. The active carbon pool (Cf1 + Cf2) was highest at 2.53 g kg-1 in the maize-blackgram system, while the passive carbon pool (Cf3 + Cf4) was also highest at 3.79 g kg-1 in this system. The study also assessed the carbon stock and microbial biomass carbon. TOC content decreased with depth, with the highest values observed in the topsoil. The maize-black gram system had the highest TOC content at all depths. MBC content followed a similar pattern, with the highest values in the topsoil and the maize-black gram system. These findings provided insights into the soil characteristics and carbon dynamics in maize-based cropping systems in the study area. The long-term integration of maize cultivation with blackgram demonstrated significant enhancements in organic carbon levels, TOC content, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and both passive and active carbon pools characterized by rapid turnover rates.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4828
R. Surya Raj, S.V. Krishnamoorthy, A. Suganthi, C. Kavitha, S. Karthikeyan, Ashok Kumar Karedla, P. Karthik, J. Kousika
Emamectin benzoate has been frequently used in the banana ecosystem to combat the damage of pseudostem weevil. Therefore, the present study was conducted to validate the method, to assess harvest time residues and monitor emamectin benzoate residues in mature banana peel and pulp samples through LC-MS/MS. The validated method was used to determine emamectin benzoate residue in market banana samples. The study used Waters Alliance LC and Acquity TQD with an electrospray ionization interface in the positive ion mode. An isocratic flow of 0.1% formic acid (HCOOH) in water and 0.1% HCOOH in acetonitrile (CH3CN) was utilised for separation. CH3CN was utilised to extract emamectin benzoate residue from the samples, and a dispersive solid-phase extraction technique was used for subsequent cleanup. Linearity tests were performed with standard solutions containing 0.01 to 0.1 g mL-1, with three replicates for each concentration. For mature banana peel & pulp and mature banana pulp matrices, satisfactory recoveries of 79.85 to 95.09% and 89.20 to 100.94%, respectively and high precision relative standard deviations of 0.56 to 2.34% and 2.33 to 6.88%, respectively were obtained. For mature banana (peel and pulp, pulp alone) fruits, the lower detection and quantification limits were (0.003, 0.008), and (0.002, 0.007). The validated approach was utilised to analyse mature banana fruit samples obtained from emamectin benzoate treated fields and banana samples purchased from the local market. Results showed satisfactory validation of parameters like linearity, the limit of detection and quantification, and recovery for determining emamectin benzoate residues in banana fruit.
{"title":"Method validation and monitoring of emamectin benzoate in mature banana fruit with peel and pulp through Liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry/ Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)","authors":"R. Surya Raj, S.V. Krishnamoorthy, A. Suganthi, C. Kavitha, S. Karthikeyan, Ashok Kumar Karedla, P. Karthik, J. Kousika","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4828","url":null,"abstract":"Emamectin benzoate has been frequently used in the banana ecosystem to combat the damage of pseudostem weevil. Therefore, the present study was conducted to validate the method, to assess harvest time residues and monitor emamectin benzoate residues in mature banana peel and pulp samples through LC-MS/MS. The validated method was used to determine emamectin benzoate residue in market banana samples. The study used Waters Alliance LC and Acquity TQD with an electrospray ionization interface in the positive ion mode. An isocratic flow of 0.1% formic acid (HCOOH) in water and 0.1% HCOOH in acetonitrile (CH3CN) was utilised for separation. CH3CN was utilised to extract emamectin benzoate residue from the samples, and a dispersive solid-phase extraction technique was used for subsequent cleanup. Linearity tests were performed with standard solutions containing 0.01 to 0.1 g mL-1, with three replicates for each concentration. For mature banana peel & pulp and mature banana pulp matrices, satisfactory recoveries of 79.85 to 95.09% and 89.20 to 100.94%, respectively and high precision relative standard deviations of 0.56 to 2.34% and 2.33 to 6.88%, respectively were obtained. For mature banana (peel and pulp, pulp alone) fruits, the lower detection and quantification limits were (0.003, 0.008), and (0.002, 0.007). The validated approach was utilised to analyse mature banana fruit samples obtained from emamectin benzoate treated fields and banana samples purchased from the local market. Results showed satisfactory validation of parameters like linearity, the limit of detection and quantification, and recovery for determining emamectin benzoate residues in banana fruit.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the increasing population, by 2030, the population of India will have seen an unprecedented rise of 1.43 billion and require food grains of around 311 million tones. Of the total area, nearly 5% of the area in India is affected by soil salinity. It is said that about 10% of soil is salinized every year. At this rate, 50% of the land area will be salinized by 2050.These repercussions challenge us to expand the area under cultivation or to increase the yield per unit area to maintain food security and sustainability. In order to meet the growing demands of the increased population, two major approaches can be met. Firstly, the available area under cultivation must be increased, which can be done by the reclamation of various problematic soils and making them suitable for cultivation. The second and holistic approach is to employ various biotechnological and breeding aspects in the development of resistant varieties surviving the harsh and unfavourable environment and showing no subsequent reduction in the yield parameters. For this, one must understand the various physiological aspects of tolerance for screening the elite varieties suited for a particular ecosystem or environment. Thus, the present study vividly explains the various physiological aspects of salt stress on rice. Employing these techniques, one can screen superior genotypes resistant to various stresses, thus keeping the Malthus predictions at bay.
{"title":"Salt stress and its impact on rice physiology with special reference to India- A review","authors":"Abinaya Sezhiyan, Ashok Subiramaniyan, Chandrasekaran Perumal, None Ashokkumar Natarajan, Rajeshkumar Arumugam, Kuttimani Ramalingam, Navin Kumar Chinnaraju","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4747","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing population, by 2030, the population of India will have seen an unprecedented rise of 1.43 billion and require food grains of around 311 million tones. Of the total area, nearly 5% of the area in India is affected by soil salinity. It is said that about 10% of soil is salinized every year. At this rate, 50% of the land area will be salinized by 2050.These repercussions challenge us to expand the area under cultivation or to increase the yield per unit area to maintain food security and sustainability. In order to meet the growing demands of the increased population, two major approaches can be met. Firstly, the available area under cultivation must be increased, which can be done by the reclamation of various problematic soils and making them suitable for cultivation. The second and holistic approach is to employ various biotechnological and breeding aspects in the development of resistant varieties surviving the harsh and unfavourable environment and showing no subsequent reduction in the yield parameters. For this, one must understand the various physiological aspects of tolerance for screening the elite varieties suited for a particular ecosystem or environment. Thus, the present study vividly explains the various physiological aspects of salt stress on rice. Employing these techniques, one can screen superior genotypes resistant to various stresses, thus keeping the Malthus predictions at bay.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) causes TB disease and millions of deaths are reported every year. Drug resistance TB and its complex treatment is a big problem worldwide. The present study aimed to design new and safer antitubercular compounds to tackle this serious threat. The unique drug target is the MtrAB Two-component regulatory system (2CRS) of mycobacteria. MtrAB system consists of MtrB sensor kinase (SK) and MtrA response regulator (RR). This system is essential in MTB and is involved in mycobacteria's proliferation. This important physiological process is operated by the phosphorylation of MtrB and then to MtrA. The phosphorylation mechanism triggers modulation in the expression of MtrA targets genes and helps perform appropriate function. This phenomenon depends on the active and inactive confirmation of MtrA, which involves a ligand (Metal ion complex e.g. Mg2+). In this study, anti-cancerous compounds were selected for the inhibition of MtrA. However, molecular docking exhibited binding affinity ranging from −10.8 to −4.7 kcal/mol, targeting the binding pocket of the selected Tuberculosis–MtrA protein (PDB ID: 5L8X). This energy difference between the native ligand and docked compounds showed that the six molecules: (Risperidone, 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-4H-chromen-4-one, (2E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(quinolin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, Estradiol Cypionate, (2Z)-6-hydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-1-benzofuran-3(2H)-one, (2E)-3-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one) mentioned are more potent than the native ligand.These six molecules were first time reported as the inhibitor for MtrA of MtrAB Two-component regulatory system and can be utelize for further study.
{"title":"Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MtrA response regulator by anticancer drugs via computational methods","authors":"Akash Tripathi Satsangi, Pardeep Yadav, Arun Prasad Chopra, Saurabh Kumar Jha","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4631","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) causes TB disease and millions of deaths are reported every year. Drug resistance TB and its complex treatment is a big problem worldwide. The present study aimed to design new and safer antitubercular compounds to tackle this serious threat. The unique drug target is the MtrAB Two-component regulatory system (2CRS) of mycobacteria. MtrAB system consists of MtrB sensor kinase (SK) and MtrA response regulator (RR). This system is essential in MTB and is involved in mycobacteria's proliferation. This important physiological process is operated by the phosphorylation of MtrB and then to MtrA. The phosphorylation mechanism triggers modulation in the expression of MtrA targets genes and helps perform appropriate function. This phenomenon depends on the active and inactive confirmation of MtrA, which involves a ligand (Metal ion complex e.g. Mg2+). In this study, anti-cancerous compounds were selected for the inhibition of MtrA. However, molecular docking exhibited binding affinity ranging from −10.8 to −4.7 kcal/mol, targeting the binding pocket of the selected Tuberculosis–MtrA protein (PDB ID: 5L8X). This energy difference between the native ligand and docked compounds showed that the six molecules: (Risperidone, 2-(benzofuran-2-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-4H-chromen-4-one, (2E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(quinolin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, Estradiol Cypionate, (2Z)-6-hydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-1-benzofuran-3(2H)-one, (2E)-3-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one) mentioned are more potent than the native ligand.These six molecules were first time reported as the inhibitor for MtrA of MtrAB Two-component regulatory system and can be utelize for further study.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4868
P. Srinithi, R. Mohanapriya, A. Gnana Vinoba, K. Vijay Aravinth
Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is an important cereal crop known for its nutritional value and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring the potential of plant growth regulators (PGR) to enhance crop productivity and quality. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators on direct sown finger millet variety Co (Ra) 14 in 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design consisting of ten treatments viz., T1 (100% RDF - Control), T2 (100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm), T3 (100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Gibberellic acid @10 ppm), T4 (100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Salicylic acid @100 ppm), T5 (50% RDF + Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm), T6 (50% RDF + Foliar spraying of Gibberellic acid @10 ppm), T7 (50% RDF + Foliar spraying of Salicylic acid @100 ppm), T8 (Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm), T9 (Foliar spraying of Gibberellic acid @10 ppm), T10 (Foliar spraying of Salicylic acid @100 ppm). The experiment result showed that the application of 100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm (T2) significantly enhanced growth and physiological parameters like plant height (134.1 cm), SPAD value (28.61), soluble protein (11.25%), relative water content (50.2%) and lower proline content (0.15 µ moles g-1). The same treatment combination recorded higher grain yield (4791 Kg ha-1), straw yield (5950 Kg ha-1), per day productivity (44.6 Kg ha-1) and partial productivity (82.9 Kg ha-1) and BEP (126.88%)of finger millet.
{"title":"Growth analysis and parametric budgeting of different exogenous phytohormones on direct sown finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) under irrigated conditions","authors":"P. Srinithi, R. Mohanapriya, A. Gnana Vinoba, K. Vijay Aravinth","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4868","url":null,"abstract":"Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) is an important cereal crop known for its nutritional value and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in exploring the potential of plant growth regulators (PGR) to enhance crop productivity and quality. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of plant growth regulators on direct sown finger millet variety Co (Ra) 14 in 2022-23. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design consisting of ten treatments viz., T1 (100% RDF - Control), T2 (100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm), T3 (100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Gibberellic acid @10 ppm), T4 (100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Salicylic acid @100 ppm), T5 (50% RDF + Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm), T6 (50% RDF + Foliar spraying of Gibberellic acid @10 ppm), T7 (50% RDF + Foliar spraying of Salicylic acid @100 ppm), T8 (Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm), T9 (Foliar spraying of Gibberellic acid @10 ppm), T10 (Foliar spraying of Salicylic acid @100 ppm). The experiment result showed that the application of 100% RDF + Foliar spraying of Brassinosteroid @ 0.5 ppm (T2) significantly enhanced growth and physiological parameters like plant height (134.1 cm), SPAD value (28.61), soluble protein (11.25%), relative water content (50.2%) and lower proline content (0.15 µ moles g-1). The same treatment combination recorded higher grain yield (4791 Kg ha-1), straw yield (5950 Kg ha-1), per day productivity (44.6 Kg ha-1) and partial productivity (82.9 Kg ha-1) and BEP (126.88%)of finger millet.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4882
Monicaa M, R. Krishnan, R. Sunitha, S. Sanbagavalli, S. Manickam, A. Senthil, S. P. Sangeetha
Cotton, a vital global cash crop, influences the economy and sustainability. Natural farming is a cost-effective, eco-friendly method. This study examines Natural Farming's effects on cotton yield and the economics of cotton compared to Integrated and organic farming. Field experiments were conducted during 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural College, Coimbatore. The experiment consisted of eight treatments, laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The treatments consist of control (T1), various Indian Natural farming practices including Beejamirit as a seed treatment, Ghanajeevamirit as basal, Jeevamirit with irrigation water, crop residue mulch, intercroping with pulses (T2 to T5), Organic farming practices (T6), Integrated crop management (ICM) practices with organic pest control (T7) and ICM with chemical pest (T8). The results indicated a significant increase in yield components: sympodial branches plant-1 (12.85 and 13.40), number of squares (29.28 and 31.28), bolls plant-1 (10.74 and 11.32), and boll weight (4.30 and 4.38 g) under Integrated Crop Management practices in 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively. However, organic farming practices, followed by natural farming practices, were at par with integrated crop management. Integrated crop management practices resulted in significantly higher seed cotton yields (2178 and 2232 kg/ha in 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively) than organic and natural farming practices with a higher cost of cultivation and a gross return. Complete natural farming outperformed organic and integrated farming in cotton, yielding higher net returns and B: C ratios. This approach holds promise for enhancing yield, economic viability and environmental sustainability in cotton cultivation.
{"title":"Comparing the influence of natural farming on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield and economics with integrated and organic farming","authors":"Monicaa M, R. Krishnan, R. Sunitha, S. Sanbagavalli, S. Manickam, A. Senthil, S. P. Sangeetha","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4882","url":null,"abstract":"Cotton, a vital global cash crop, influences the economy and sustainability. Natural farming is a cost-effective, eco-friendly method. This study examines Natural Farming's effects on cotton yield and the economics of cotton compared to Integrated and organic farming. Field experiments were conducted during 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural College, Coimbatore. The experiment consisted of eight treatments, laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. The treatments consist of control (T1), various Indian Natural farming practices including Beejamirit as a seed treatment, Ghanajeevamirit as basal, Jeevamirit with irrigation water, crop residue mulch, intercroping with pulses (T2 to T5), Organic farming practices (T6), Integrated crop management (ICM) practices with organic pest control (T7) and ICM with chemical pest (T8). The results indicated a significant increase in yield components: sympodial branches plant-1 (12.85 and 13.40), number of squares (29.28 and 31.28), bolls plant-1 (10.74 and 11.32), and boll weight (4.30 and 4.38 g) under Integrated Crop Management practices in 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively. However, organic farming practices, followed by natural farming practices, were at par with integrated crop management. Integrated crop management practices resulted in significantly higher seed cotton yields (2178 and 2232 kg/ha in 2021-22 and 2022-23, respectively) than organic and natural farming practices with a higher cost of cultivation and a gross return. Complete natural farming outperformed organic and integrated farming in cotton, yielding higher net returns and B: C ratios. This approach holds promise for enhancing yield, economic viability and environmental sustainability in cotton cultivation.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4872
Sura A. Abdulateef, Mustafa S. Al-Salmani, Hasan A. Aal Owaif
Acinetobacter baumannii is responsible for causing difficult-to-treat healthcare-associated infections globally, owing to its resistance to antibiotics. The intensive care unit (ICU) settings mediate spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) strains. This research aimed to evaluate non-susceptible colistin and fosfomycin A. baumannii, harboring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases in ICU setting. During the period of 2019-2021, this study obtained 200 A. baumanni isolates out of 1410 burns samples from an ICU setting. The antibiotic sensitivity, ESBLs and carbapenemase production were determined using clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) 2020. The colistin (mcr-1 and mcr-2) and fosfomycin (fosA3) resistance genes was amplified. The highest resistance was to ceftazidime (98%), cefepime (86%), tetracycline (84%), levofloxacin (78%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (76%), while the highest sensitivity was to meropenem (63%) and tigecycline (62%). ESBL production was determined in 94% and carbapenemases were observed in 54% of A. baumannii. Four isolates (2%) were found to carry the mcr-1 gene, and three isolates (1.5%) were found to carry the mcr-2 gene. Moreover, the fosA3 was not detected in the isolates. This study showed that MDR A. baumannii was high in ICU settings. The spread of antibiotics considered the last line of defense against infections is a concern that necessitates surveillance and control measures.
{"title":"Acinetobacter baumannii producing ESBLs and carbapenemases in the Intensive Care Units developing fosfomycin and colistin resistance","authors":"Sura A. Abdulateef, Mustafa S. Al-Salmani, Hasan A. Aal Owaif","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4872","url":null,"abstract":"Acinetobacter baumannii is responsible for causing difficult-to-treat healthcare-associated infections globally, owing to its resistance to antibiotics. The intensive care unit (ICU) settings mediate spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) strains. This research aimed to evaluate non-susceptible colistin and fosfomycin A. baumannii, harboring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases in ICU setting. During the period of 2019-2021, this study obtained 200 A. baumanni isolates out of 1410 burns samples from an ICU setting. The antibiotic sensitivity, ESBLs and carbapenemase production were determined using clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) 2020. The colistin (mcr-1 and mcr-2) and fosfomycin (fosA3) resistance genes was amplified. The highest resistance was to ceftazidime (98%), cefepime (86%), tetracycline (84%), levofloxacin (78%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (76%), while the highest sensitivity was to meropenem (63%) and tigecycline (62%). ESBL production was determined in 94% and carbapenemases were observed in 54% of A. baumannii. Four isolates (2%) were found to carry the mcr-1 gene, and three isolates (1.5%) were found to carry the mcr-2 gene. Moreover, the fosA3 was not detected in the isolates. This study showed that MDR A. baumannii was high in ICU settings. The spread of antibiotics considered the last line of defense against infections is a concern that necessitates surveillance and control measures.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4855
Bobbe Sivakumar, M. Mohamed Yassin, S. Marimuthu, M.K. Kalarani, S. Thiyageshwari
Water availability is becoming a significant concern for crop production worldwide. In light of this, a study was conducted in maize crop to explore the effectiveness of various osmoprotectants including sodium nitroprusside nanoparticles (SNP NP) at a concentration of 90 ppm, melatonin (MEL), at 25 ppm and salicylic acid (SA) at 100 ppm in mitigating the adverse effects of drought, by evaluating their impact on morpho-physiological, biochemical and yield attributes of maize (Zea mays L.). Drought stress was induced by withholding irrigation during both the vegetative and reproductive stages of maize and then drought-stressed plants were foliar sprayed with different osmoprotectants. Results revealed that among the osmoprotectants tested, foliar application of salicylic acid at 100 ppm exhibited the most substantial improvement in morpho-physiological parameters (plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, root length, leaf area index, relative water content, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content) as well as biochemical parameteters like proline and soluble protein content increased, and enhanced membrane stability under drought conditions. The use of SA proved outstanding as it led to a remarkable 75% higher biological yield than plants subjected to drought stress. On the other hand, the SA foliar spray was successful, resulting in a 78.8% in grain yield. However, the extent of improvement varied depending on the growth stage at which the osmoprotectants were applied. While the foliar application of osmoprotectants showed promising results during the vegetative phase than the reproductive phase of maize. Nonetheless, the osmoprotectants' foliar spray exhibited a yield advantage by preserving photosynthetic pigments and the maize plants' ability to produce seeds under drought stress.
{"title":"Influence of distinctive Osmoprotectnats foliar spray in alleviating the harmful effects of water stress at sensitive growth stages of Maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Bobbe Sivakumar, M. Mohamed Yassin, S. Marimuthu, M.K. Kalarani, S. Thiyageshwari","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4855","url":null,"abstract":"Water availability is becoming a significant concern for crop production worldwide. In light of this, a study was conducted in maize crop to explore the effectiveness of various osmoprotectants including sodium nitroprusside nanoparticles (SNP NP) at a concentration of 90 ppm, melatonin (MEL), at 25 ppm and salicylic acid (SA) at 100 ppm in mitigating the adverse effects of drought, by evaluating their impact on morpho-physiological, biochemical and yield attributes of maize (Zea mays L.). Drought stress was induced by withholding irrigation during both the vegetative and reproductive stages of maize and then drought-stressed plants were foliar sprayed with different osmoprotectants. Results revealed that among the osmoprotectants tested, foliar application of salicylic acid at 100 ppm exhibited the most substantial improvement in morpho-physiological parameters (plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, root length, leaf area index, relative water content, leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content) as well as biochemical parameteters like proline and soluble protein content increased, and enhanced membrane stability under drought conditions. The use of SA proved outstanding as it led to a remarkable 75% higher biological yield than plants subjected to drought stress. On the other hand, the SA foliar spray was successful, resulting in a 78.8% in grain yield. However, the extent of improvement varied depending on the growth stage at which the osmoprotectants were applied. While the foliar application of osmoprotectants showed promising results during the vegetative phase than the reproductive phase of maize. Nonetheless, the osmoprotectants' foliar spray exhibited a yield advantage by preserving photosynthetic pigments and the maize plants' ability to produce seeds under drought stress.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The loss of metals due to corrosion can be prevented using green inhibitors. Using natural and eco-friendly plant products is futuristic, preventing the environment from toxic and harmful chemicals. The present study aimed to investigate whole beetroot (BR, Beta vulgaris) for its anti-corrosion behaviour by galvanostatic polarization and electrochemical impedance techniques at a temperature between 298 K- 328 K. The temperature study would help in proposing BR's adsorption mechanism on metal surfaces. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 94% at 298 K for 5% BR was observed, whereas a minimum of 75% was obtained for 1% BR at 328 K. It was found to be a mixed-type inhibitor that followed Langmuir isotherm. From thermodynamic studies, ΔGoads was found to be -13.64 kJ/mol, which revealed that BR adsorbed physically on the surface of mild steel. Rct values increased while Cdl values decreased on exposure of metal surface with BR extract. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and atomic force micrographs (AFM) witnessed the formation of a protective layer on the mild steel surface, which served as a barrier between the metal and corrosive medium. The present study provides a remedy for the financial and structural losses due to metal corrosion in an acidic medium.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of anti-corrosive behaviour of Beta vulgaris: A green approach","authors":"Shramila Yadav, Shikha Kaushik, Neelu Dheer, Sarita Kumar, Gurmeet SIngh, Mansi Chaudhary, Meenakshi Gupta","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4969","url":null,"abstract":"The loss of metals due to corrosion can be prevented using green inhibitors. Using natural and eco-friendly plant products is futuristic, preventing the environment from toxic and harmful chemicals. The present study aimed to investigate whole beetroot (BR, Beta vulgaris) for its anti-corrosion behaviour by galvanostatic polarization and electrochemical impedance techniques at a temperature between 298 K- 328 K. The temperature study would help in proposing BR's adsorption mechanism on metal surfaces. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 94% at 298 K for 5% BR was observed, whereas a minimum of 75% was obtained for 1% BR at 328 K. It was found to be a mixed-type inhibitor that followed Langmuir isotherm. From thermodynamic studies, ΔGoads was found to be -13.64 kJ/mol, which revealed that BR adsorbed physically on the surface of mild steel. Rct values increased while Cdl values decreased on exposure of metal surface with BR extract. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and atomic force micrographs (AFM) witnessed the formation of a protective layer on the mild steel surface, which served as a barrier between the metal and corrosive medium. The present study provides a remedy for the financial and structural losses due to metal corrosion in an acidic medium.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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