Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4788
Maragani Vamshi, S. Maragatham, R. Santhi, M. K. Kalarani, A. Sankari, M. Gopalakrishnan, R. Rajeswari
Soil test crop response (STCR's) soil fertility gradient approach is based on the idea that complex treatments are superimposed in a field to obtain crop responses for correlating with soil test values that are artificially created by differential fertiliser treatments prior to conducting the regular experiment, thereby providing a scientific basis for balanced fertilisation between applied and available forms of nutrients. The present study aimed to develop the fertility gradient with sorghum as test crop in the field concerning N, P, and K and also to evaluate its impact on sorghum nutrient uptake, and soil fertility. The experimental field was split into three equal strips. Strips I, II, and III each received three graded levels of fertiliser N (nitrogen), P2O5 (phosphorus pentoxide), and K2O (potassium oxide) as urea, single super phosphate, and muriate of potash, respectively. The green fodder yield of sorghum recorded at harvest in strip I, II & III was 16.4, 23.4 and 28.2 t ha-1, respectively. Whereas post-harvest soil available nitrogen in strip I, II & III was 155, 190 & 214 kg ha-1 respectively, for available phosphorus 12.5, 23.2 & 31.8 kg ha-1 respectively and for available potassium it is 332, 370 & 396 kg ha-1 respectively. Wide variations in green fodder yield and soil fertility were observed among the strips, establishing the influence of graded amounts of fertiliser treatment on these parameters and the formation of a soil fertility gradient.
土壤试验作物反应(STCR)土壤肥力梯度方法是基于这样一种想法，即在田地中叠加复杂的处理，以获得作物反应，并与土壤试验值相关联，这些土壤试验值是在进行常规试验之前通过差异施肥人工产生的，从而为施用和可利用的养分形式之间的平衡施肥提供科学依据。本研究以高粱为试验作物，在田间建立了氮、磷、钾的肥力梯度，并评价其对高粱养分吸收和土壤肥力的影响。试验田被分成三等长条。条I、条II和条III分别以尿素、单一过磷酸钾和钾肥盐三个等级分别施用N(氮)、P2O5(五氧化二磷)和K2O(氧化钾)。1、2、3条收获期高粱青饲料产量记录III分别为16.4、23.4和28.2 t ha-1。收获后I、II条土壤有效氮;III为155,190 &速效磷分别为12.5、23.2和22.5 kg hm -1;速效钾分别为332、370和31.8 kg hm -1;分别为396 kg ha-1。绿饲料产量和土壤肥力在条带之间存在很大差异，确定了分级施肥对这些参数的影响以及土壤肥力梯度的形成。
{"title":"Evaluation on the development of soil fertility gradients with nutrient exhaustive crop (Sorghum bicolor) regard to N, P, and K in Inceptisols in semi-arid regions of Tamil Nadu","authors":"Maragani Vamshi, S. Maragatham, R. Santhi, M. K. Kalarani, A. Sankari, M. Gopalakrishnan, R. Rajeswari","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4788","url":null,"abstract":"Soil test crop response (STCR's) soil fertility gradient approach is based on the idea that complex treatments are superimposed in a field to obtain crop responses for correlating with soil test values that are artificially created by differential fertiliser treatments prior to conducting the regular experiment, thereby providing a scientific basis for balanced fertilisation between applied and available forms of nutrients. The present study aimed to develop the fertility gradient with sorghum as test crop in the field concerning N, P, and K and also to evaluate its impact on sorghum nutrient uptake, and soil fertility. The experimental field was split into three equal strips. Strips I, II, and III each received three graded levels of fertiliser N (nitrogen), P2O5 (phosphorus pentoxide), and K2O (potassium oxide) as urea, single super phosphate, and muriate of potash, respectively. The green fodder yield of sorghum recorded at harvest in strip I, II & III was 16.4, 23.4 and 28.2 t ha-1, respectively. Whereas post-harvest soil available nitrogen in strip I, II & III was 155, 190 & 214 kg ha-1 respectively, for available phosphorus 12.5, 23.2 & 31.8 kg ha-1 respectively and for available potassium it is 332, 370 & 396 kg ha-1 respectively. Wide variations in green fodder yield and soil fertility were observed among the strips, establishing the influence of graded amounts of fertiliser treatment on these parameters and the formation of a soil fertility gradient.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4502
K. Murugasridevi, S. Jeyarani, S. Mohan Kumar
The South American leafminer, Tuta absoluta is an exotic devastative pest on solanaceous vegetables, including tomatoes, which leads to a cent per cent economic loss in India. The molecular markers assist in assessing gene flow, migratory frequencies, and genetic variety, as well as helping to evaluate the genetic makeup and diversification of an exotic species population to indigenous ones. With this, the present study aimed to investigate the genetic divergence of T. absoluta in different districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The study depicted the examination of genetic divergence of T. absoluta by aiding amplified region of mitochondrial DNA encoding cytochrome oxidase I (COI) from the T. absoluta samples gathered from Coimbatore, Dharmapuri and Dindigul districts of Tamil Nadu. The findings showed that the phylogenetic tree constructed from all sequences of T. absoluta acquired from the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and BOLD (The Barcode of Life Data System) databases exhibited 99 percent identity and aggregated together into a single clade. . 5Hence, the present study revealed the great genetic uniformity in T. absoluta populations in India and corroborates that most of the globe rely on the partial COI gene, evidenced by minimal nucleotide diversity.
南美叶螨是一种对茄类蔬菜(包括西红柿)具有破坏性的外来害虫，在印度造成了百分之百的经济损失。分子标记有助于评估基因流动、迁移频率和遗传多样性，并有助于评估外来物种种群与本地物种种群的遗传组成和多样性。因此，本研究旨在调查印度泰米尔纳德邦不同地区的绝对T.遗传差异。本研究通过对采集自泰米尔纳德邦哥印拜陀、达尔马布里和丁迪古尔地区的绝对T.绝对T.样本中编码细胞色素氧化酶I (COI)的线粒体DNA扩增区进行分析，描述了绝对T.绝对T.的遗传分化。研究结果表明，从NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)和BOLD (The Barcode of Life Data System)数据库中获得的T. absoluta所有序列构建的系统发育树显示出99%的同一性，并聚集在一起形成一个单一的进化支。因此，本研究揭示了印度绝对T.种群的巨大遗传一致性，并证实了全球大部分地区依赖于部分COI基因，这是由最小核苷酸多样性证明的。
{"title":"Mitochondrial genetic homogeneity of South American leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"K. Murugasridevi, S. Jeyarani, S. Mohan Kumar","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4502","url":null,"abstract":"The South American leafminer, Tuta absoluta is an exotic devastative pest on solanaceous vegetables, including tomatoes, which leads to a cent per cent economic loss in India. The molecular markers assist in assessing gene flow, migratory frequencies, and genetic variety, as well as helping to evaluate the genetic makeup and diversification of an exotic species population to indigenous ones. With this, the present study aimed to investigate the genetic divergence of T. absoluta in different districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The study depicted the examination of genetic divergence of T. absoluta by aiding amplified region of mitochondrial DNA encoding cytochrome oxidase I (COI) from the T. absoluta samples gathered from Coimbatore, Dharmapuri and Dindigul districts of Tamil Nadu. The findings showed that the phylogenetic tree constructed from all sequences of T. absoluta acquired from the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and BOLD (The Barcode of Life Data System) databases exhibited 99 percent identity and aggregated together into a single clade. . 5Hence, the present study revealed the great genetic uniformity in T. absoluta populations in India and corroborates that most of the globe rely on the partial COI gene, evidenced by minimal nucleotide diversity.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4672
Ali R. Mulakhudair, Dhia I. J. Al-Bedrani, Jasim M. S. Al-Saadi, Dhia Hattif Kadhim, Ali M. Saadi
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC) addition on the commercial low-fat cream's chemical, rheological and sensory properties. WPC was added to the low-fat cream (10% fat) in ratios of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% to represent the treatments C1, C2, and C3, respectively.In addition, a fat-rich, positive control treatment (C +) with a fat percentage of 30% and a negative low-fat control treatment (C-) with a fat percentage of 10% were investigated without adding WPC. Chemical tests were carried out, including the percentage of moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates, total acidity, and pH, as well as rheological tests that included; hardness, springiness, and Cohesiveness. Also, a sensory evaluation was conducted. The results showed a decrease in the moisture percentage of the added treatments with the increment of the added WPC quantity. Also, a decrease in the fat percentage and pH of the WPC addition treatments was observed, combined with an increment in the percentage of protein, carbohydrates, ash, and total acidity. Regarding the microbiological properties, no bacterial or mycological contamination was observed during the manufacturing and storage periods. The results also showed the improvement of rheological and sensory characteristics by increasing the percentage of WPC addition compared with the positive and negative control treatments. The present study would be helpful in the production of low-fat cream fortified with whey proteins with high nutritional value.
{"title":"Improving chemical, rheological and sensory properties of commercial low-fat cream by concentrate addition of whey proteins","authors":"Ali R. Mulakhudair, Dhia I. J. Al-Bedrani, Jasim M. S. Al-Saadi, Dhia Hattif Kadhim, Ali M. Saadi","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4672","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine the effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC) addition on the commercial low-fat cream's chemical, rheological and sensory properties. WPC was added to the low-fat cream (10% fat) in ratios of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% to represent the treatments C1, C2, and C3, respectively.In addition, a fat-rich, positive control treatment (C +) with a fat percentage of 30% and a negative low-fat control treatment (C-) with a fat percentage of 10% were investigated without adding WPC. Chemical tests were carried out, including the percentage of moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrates, total acidity, and pH, as well as rheological tests that included; hardness, springiness, and Cohesiveness. Also, a sensory evaluation was conducted. The results showed a decrease in the moisture percentage of the added treatments with the increment of the added WPC quantity. Also, a decrease in the fat percentage and pH of the WPC addition treatments was observed, combined with an increment in the percentage of protein, carbohydrates, ash, and total acidity. Regarding the microbiological properties, no bacterial or mycological contamination was observed during the manufacturing and storage periods. The results also showed the improvement of rheological and sensory characteristics by increasing the percentage of WPC addition compared with the positive and negative control treatments. The present study would be helpful in the production of low-fat cream fortified with whey proteins with high nutritional value.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4724
Rita Patle, R. Kavitha, A. Surendrakumar, K. Balaji, S. Maragatham, B. Suthakar
Optical spectrometry sensors in crops offer a remarkable technological breakthrough in the field of variable-rate nitrogen fertilization. A field study was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2021 at the research farm of the Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore to estimate maize crop nitrogen (N), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value and chlorophyll content in hybrid maize COH (M) 8. Fertilizers were administered to the plots following the recommendations (250:75:75 kg NPK ha-1) given under Soil Test Crop Response, with a goal yield of 9t ha-1 predicted based on the initial soil available N, P, and K values. The experimental findings revealed a significant impact of nitrogen rate (P<0.001) on the percentage of nitrogen content in the leaves (% N leaf content). Additionally, there was a decrease in maize leaf chlorophyll content index over time, with ranges of 32.96 to 50.57, 28.78 to 41.78, 24.81 to 35.86, 22.12 to 28.54, and 14.34 to 20.56. On the contrary, the NDVI experienced an increase throughout the season, with ranges of 0.32 to 0.49, 0.30 to 0.55, 0.28 to 0.66, 0.46 to 0.88, and 0.56 to 0.84. The study will help foster sustainability within modern intensive farming practices by emphasizing the importance of reducing environmental pollution caused by applying Sensor-based site-specific nitrogen fertilizer for maize crop.
{"title":"Estimation of Sensor-based site specific variable rate fertilizer application for maize (Zea mays L.) crop","authors":"Rita Patle, R. Kavitha, A. Surendrakumar, K. Balaji, S. Maragatham, B. Suthakar","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4724","url":null,"abstract":"Optical spectrometry sensors in crops offer a remarkable technological breakthrough in the field of variable-rate nitrogen fertilization. A field study was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2021 at the research farm of the Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore to estimate maize crop nitrogen (N), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value and chlorophyll content in hybrid maize COH (M) 8. Fertilizers were administered to the plots following the recommendations (250:75:75 kg NPK ha-1) given under Soil Test Crop Response, with a goal yield of 9t ha-1 predicted based on the initial soil available N, P, and K values. The experimental findings revealed a significant impact of nitrogen rate (P<0.001) on the percentage of nitrogen content in the leaves (% N leaf content). Additionally, there was a decrease in maize leaf chlorophyll content index over time, with ranges of 32.96 to 50.57, 28.78 to 41.78, 24.81 to 35.86, 22.12 to 28.54, and 14.34 to 20.56. On the contrary, the NDVI experienced an increase throughout the season, with ranges of 0.32 to 0.49, 0.30 to 0.55, 0.28 to 0.66, 0.46 to 0.88, and 0.56 to 0.84. The study will help foster sustainability within modern intensive farming practices by emphasizing the importance of reducing environmental pollution caused by applying Sensor-based site-specific nitrogen fertilizer for maize crop.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4836
Ali Mahamat Nour, Masrabé Djimtolgar, Galmai Orozi
Given the increased variability of rainfall, the resurgence of extreme meteorological phenomena such as droughts, floods, heat waves, and violent winds and considering the influence of solar activity on certain meteorological parameters, a study on the variation of temperature and rainfall in relation to solar activity is necessary. The present study aimed to analyze the inter-annual evolution of meteorological parameters (mean temperature and rainfall) in Chad over the period from 1950 to 2020 in two geographically distinct areas (Sudanian and Sahelian zone) and then to establish a link between these parameters and solar activity to predict the variations of these two parameters over time. The rainfall results showed that the wettest years were 1959 in N'Djamena and 1951 in Moundou. On the other hand, the driest years recorded were 1984 in N'Djamena and 1998 in Moundou. The study of the mean temperature in these two areas during the same period led to the conclusion that the hottest year was 2010 in N'Djamena; however, in Moundou the hottest year recorded was 1997. Globally, in the two zones concerned, analysis of the results on variations in rainfall showed a downward trend. However, the study of average temperature showed a steady rise over the same period. The superposition of rainfall and mean temperature with the sunspot numbers Rz led to the conclusion that high sunspot activity increases temperature and thus warming, while low sunspot activity brings high precipitation.
{"title":"Inter-annual variation of the mean temperature and rainfall in Chad and the solar activity during the period from 1950 to 2020","authors":"Ali Mahamat Nour, Masrabé Djimtolgar, Galmai Orozi","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4836","url":null,"abstract":"Given the increased variability of rainfall, the resurgence of extreme meteorological phenomena such as droughts, floods, heat waves, and violent winds and considering the influence of solar activity on certain meteorological parameters, a study on the variation of temperature and rainfall in relation to solar activity is necessary. The present study aimed to analyze the inter-annual evolution of meteorological parameters (mean temperature and rainfall) in Chad over the period from 1950 to 2020 in two geographically distinct areas (Sudanian and Sahelian zone) and then to establish a link between these parameters and solar activity to predict the variations of these two parameters over time. The rainfall results showed that the wettest years were 1959 in N'Djamena and 1951 in Moundou. On the other hand, the driest years recorded were 1984 in N'Djamena and 1998 in Moundou. The study of the mean temperature in these two areas during the same period led to the conclusion that the hottest year was 2010 in N'Djamena; however, in Moundou the hottest year recorded was 1997. Globally, in the two zones concerned, analysis of the results on variations in rainfall showed a downward trend. However, the study of average temperature showed a steady rise over the same period. The superposition of rainfall and mean temperature with the sunspot numbers Rz led to the conclusion that high sunspot activity increases temperature and thus warming, while low sunspot activity brings high precipitation.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4670
Hanan Abdullah Ali, Asmaa mansour Al-Hakeem, Quraish Abbas Kadhum
Cheese is considered a perishable food that is affected by microorganisms, and due to the properties of nanomaterials that have antimicrobial activity, they have been used synergistically with plant extracts in inhibiting the action of microorganisms that cause cheese spoilage. In this study, TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) nanoparticles were synthesized using Thymus vulgaris leaves extract (TVLE) . Atomic Force Microscopywas used to investigate Titanium dioxide/ TVLE nanoparticles characterize, which improved the regular spherical shape and granular distribution of nanoparticles with a particle size of 13 nm . The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Titanium dioxide was at a concentration of 4 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml for TVLE, while it was 2 + 20 mg /ml for Titanium dioxide and TVLE .The inhibitory effect increased against Brucella melitensis recorded 12 mm when mixing Titanium dioxide and TVLE, compared with the inhibitory effect of Titanium dioxide, which recorded 10.5 mm and TVLE, with an inhibition diameter 8.1 mm. The effect of using titanium particles and thyme leaves’ extract was studied alone at a concentration of 4 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml and also when mixed in the microbial properties and pH of white soft cheese samples, which were prepared in the laboratory and contaminated with Brucella melitensis at refrigerated storage conditions (5Cº) for 21days. The effect of the synergism relationship between TiO2 / TVLE significantly reduced the total number of microorganisms in samples contaminated and uncontaminated with B. melitensis. Adding titanium dioxide and TVLE at concentrations of 4 and 80 mg/ml contributed significantly to maintaining the pH level during the storage period compared with the control group.
{"title":"Nanoparticles Titanium Dioxide with Thymus vulgaris extract in preservation and prolong the shelf life of cheese","authors":"Hanan Abdullah Ali, Asmaa mansour Al-Hakeem, Quraish Abbas Kadhum","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4670","url":null,"abstract":"Cheese is considered a perishable food that is affected by microorganisms, and due to the properties of nanomaterials that have antimicrobial activity, they have been used synergistically with plant extracts in inhibiting the action of microorganisms that cause cheese spoilage. In this study, TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) nanoparticles were synthesized using Thymus vulgaris leaves extract (TVLE) . Atomic Force Microscopywas used to investigate Titanium dioxide/ TVLE nanoparticles characterize, which improved the regular spherical shape and granular distribution of nanoparticles with a particle size of 13 nm . The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Titanium dioxide was at a concentration of 4 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml for TVLE, while it was 2 + 20 mg /ml for Titanium dioxide and TVLE .The inhibitory effect increased against Brucella melitensis recorded 12 mm when mixing Titanium dioxide and TVLE, compared with the inhibitory effect of Titanium dioxide, which recorded 10.5 mm and TVLE, with an inhibition diameter 8.1 mm. The effect of using titanium particles and thyme leaves’ extract was studied alone at a concentration of 4 mg/ml and 80 mg/ml and also when mixed in the microbial properties and pH of white soft cheese samples, which were prepared in the laboratory and contaminated with Brucella melitensis at refrigerated storage conditions (5Cº) for 21days. The effect of the synergism relationship between TiO2 / TVLE significantly reduced the total number of microorganisms in samples contaminated and uncontaminated with B. melitensis. Adding titanium dioxide and TVLE at concentrations of 4 and 80 mg/ml contributed significantly to maintaining the pH level during the storage period compared with the control group.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent days, liquid formulations of brown seaweed extract, Ascophyllum nodosum used as a biostimulant in agriculture. Various studies suggest that A. nodosum enhanced the growth and yield of agriculturally important crops, but still, there is a lack of information about the biostimulation effects on photosynthesis, flowering and fruit setting of tomato. Hence, the present study aimed to know the effect of foliar application of A. nodosum on photosynthesis, flowering, fruit setting, yield and quality of tomato. A biostimulant product, MC Set with A. nodosum extract applied to tomato as a foliar spray at rates of three different concentrations such as 1.0 L ha−1 (MS 1), 2.0 L ha−1 (MS 2), 3.0 L ha−1 (MS 3) for six times during flowering of 2nd (30 Days after transplanting – DAT), 3rd (40 DAT) and 4th (50 DAT) cluster and fruit setting of 2nd (60 DAT), 3rd (70 DAT) and 4th (80 DAT) cluster respectively. The MC Set treatments enhanced the plant photosynthesis, flower number and fruit number per cluster, yield and quality traits of tomato. However, the middle concentration MS 2 showed highest photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, SPAD value, flower and fruit in 2nd, 3rd and 4th cluster. It also had better average fruit weight and yield per plant and hectare and enhanced the quality parameters such as total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content, lycopene and total sugars compared to control and other two concentrations of MS Set. Hence, using A. nodosum extract on tomato growth could be a better sustainable crop production method.
近年来，棕色海藻提取物的液体配方，在农业中被用作生物刺激素。各种研究表明，结瘤草对重要农业作物的生长和产量有促进作用，但对番茄的光合作用、开花和坐果的生物刺激作用尚缺乏研究。因此，本研究旨在了解叶面施药对番茄光合作用、开花、坐果、产量和品质的影响。一种生物刺激素产品，MC套装，含刺藤提取物，在第二(移植后30天)、第三(40天)和第四(50天)花期和第二(60天)、第三(70天)和第四(80天)花期，分别以三种不同浓度的浓度，1.0 L ha - 1 (MS - 1)、2.0 L ha - 1 (MS - 2)、3.0 L ha - 1 (MS - 3)喷施于番茄叶面，喷施6次。MC组处理对番茄植株光合作用、每簇花数和果数、产量和品质性状均有促进作用。而中等浓度的MS 2在第2、3、4簇的光合速率、气孔导度、SPAD值、花和果均最高。与对照和其他两种浓度的MS Set相比，其单株和公顷单株平均单果重、单株单产和单株单产均有所提高，可溶性固形物总量、抗坏血酸含量、番茄红素和总糖等品质指标均有所提高。因此，在番茄生长过程中使用野刺藤提取物可能是一种较好的可持续作物生产方法。
{"title":"Foliar application of Ascophyllum nodosum on improvement of photosynthesis, fruit setting percentage, yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"Subramaniyan Lakshmi, Veerasamy Ravichandran, Selvaraj Anandakumar, Algarswamy Senthil, Loganathan Arul, Sengodan Radhamani, Ramasamy Anupriya","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4725","url":null,"abstract":"In recent days, liquid formulations of brown seaweed extract, Ascophyllum nodosum used as a biostimulant in agriculture. Various studies suggest that A. nodosum enhanced the growth and yield of agriculturally important crops, but still, there is a lack of information about the biostimulation effects on photosynthesis, flowering and fruit setting of tomato. Hence, the present study aimed to know the effect of foliar application of A. nodosum on photosynthesis, flowering, fruit setting, yield and quality of tomato. A biostimulant product, MC Set with A. nodosum extract applied to tomato as a foliar spray at rates of three different concentrations such as 1.0 L ha−1 (MS 1), 2.0 L ha−1 (MS 2), 3.0 L ha−1 (MS 3) for six times during flowering of 2nd (30 Days after transplanting – DAT), 3rd (40 DAT) and 4th (50 DAT) cluster and fruit setting of 2nd (60 DAT), 3rd (70 DAT) and 4th (80 DAT) cluster respectively. The MC Set treatments enhanced the plant photosynthesis, flower number and fruit number per cluster, yield and quality traits of tomato. However, the middle concentration MS 2 showed highest photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, SPAD value, flower and fruit in 2nd, 3rd and 4th cluster. It also had better average fruit weight and yield per plant and hectare and enhanced the quality parameters such as total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content, lycopene and total sugars compared to control and other two concentrations of MS Set. Hence, using A. nodosum extract on tomato growth could be a better sustainable crop production method.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4668
C. Bharaani Sri, R. Shanmugasundaram, S. Marimuthu, T. Chitdeshwari, A. Senthil, T. Kalaiselvi
Iron (Fe) is a vital micronutrient essential for crop growth and development. Utilisation of bio-based, environmentally friendly functional polymers is inevitable for society. As an alternative to the conventional Fe fertiliser, the present study aimed to synthesise a higher Fe percentage containing hydrogel with organic substances that can facilitate the slow release of nutrients, reduce fertiliser nutrient fixation, and minimise environmental pollution. The reaction variables were optimised for the preparation of superabsorbent using sugarcane bagasse and nano-zeolite-based slow-release Fe fertiliser (SR Fe) hydrogel. This was formulated by graft, co-polymerising acrylic acid, acrylamide, sugarcane bagasse, and nano-zeolite with N,N'-methylene bis-acrylamide as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. Based on the swelling percentage, the reaction variables of the SR Fe fertiliser were standardised. The crosslinker (MBA - 10 wt%), the initiator (APS - 10 wt%), the filler (Nano-zeolite - 10 wt%), the monomer acrylamide composition (AAm - 2g), the acrylic acid content (AA - 7 ml), the reaction temperature (60oC), and the drying temperature (40oC) were chosen based on desirable swelling percentage and loaded with Fe fertiliser. The Fe fertiliser was loaded to sugarcane bagasse in different ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2). The present study showed that the SR Fe fertiliser with the highest percentage of Fe (6.4%) in the ratio of sugarcane bagasse to Fe fertiliser of 1:2 could be used as an effective SR Fe fertiliser to supply nutrients slowly to crops to meet their nutrient needs and improve nutrient use efficiency.
{"title":"Optimising reaction variables for the preparation of superabsorbent iron fertiliser hydrogel using sugarcane bagasse: A sustainable approach to improve crop nutrient release ","authors":"C. Bharaani Sri, R. Shanmugasundaram, S. Marimuthu, T. Chitdeshwari, A. Senthil, T. Kalaiselvi","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4668","url":null,"abstract":"Iron (Fe) is a vital micronutrient essential for crop growth and development. Utilisation of bio-based, environmentally friendly functional polymers is inevitable for society. As an alternative to the conventional Fe fertiliser, the present study aimed to synthesise a higher Fe percentage containing hydrogel with organic substances that can facilitate the slow release of nutrients, reduce fertiliser nutrient fixation, and minimise environmental pollution. The reaction variables were optimised for the preparation of superabsorbent using sugarcane bagasse and nano-zeolite-based slow-release Fe fertiliser (SR Fe) hydrogel. This was formulated by graft, co-polymerising acrylic acid, acrylamide, sugarcane bagasse, and nano-zeolite with N,N'-methylene bis-acrylamide as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. Based on the swelling percentage, the reaction variables of the SR Fe fertiliser were standardised. The crosslinker (MBA - 10 wt%), the initiator (APS - 10 wt%), the filler (Nano-zeolite - 10 wt%), the monomer acrylamide composition (AAm - 2g), the acrylic acid content (AA - 7 ml), the reaction temperature (60oC), and the drying temperature (40oC) were chosen based on desirable swelling percentage and loaded with Fe fertiliser. The Fe fertiliser was loaded to sugarcane bagasse in different ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2). The present study showed that the SR Fe fertiliser with the highest percentage of Fe (6.4%) in the ratio of sugarcane bagasse to Fe fertiliser of 1:2 could be used as an effective SR Fe fertiliser to supply nutrients slowly to crops to meet their nutrient needs and improve nutrient use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.31018/jans.v15i3.4675
Sally Abdul Aziz Karim, Luma Abdulhady Zwain, Estabraq A. Mahmoud
Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative, bacilli and facultative aerobic, P. aeruginosa cause cystic fibrosis patients, wounds, burns, and immunodeficienct patients, that have many virulence factors such as pyocyanin , cytotoxic ,biofilm formation and motility, Eighty-eight isolates belonging to P. aeruginosa were collected including the 66 clinical isolates obtained from different hospitals in Baghdad and were from different sources and 22 environmental isolates from previous studies of soil near oil fields. Microscopical and cultural characteristics were studied and diagnosed using biochemical tests, VITEC device, their ability to adhere to non-living (Polystyrene), living cell line (A549) and cytotoxicity of bacterial filtrate by MTT method. The results displayed that all isolates belonged to P. aeruginosa. The pigment-forming (pe26 – pc36) isolates and (PE33 – PC31) non-pigment-forming isolates were selected. That all selected bacteria were able to adhere to the Polystyrene and an epithelial carcinoma of lung (A549) was of more than 300 colony formation units in dilution (1:10) ,(1:1000), and (1:10000). The toxicity of the P. aeruginosa filtrate (pc36) isolated from clinical sources and producing pigments was 15.7, 34.5, 44 % at a concentration of 40, 60, 80 % respectively, while the isolate (pc31) that was isolated from clinical sources and non-producing pigment was 28.1, 75.2, 80.9 % at the same concentrations. As for the isolate (pe26),isolated from environmental sources and forming the pigment, the inhibition rate was 38.5, 83.1, 48.8 % at concentrations of 40, 60, 80) % respectively, and the isolate (PE33) that was isolated from environmental sources was 42, 73.4, 74.1 % at concentrations of 40, 60, 80 % respectively. The study will be helpful in evaluating the effect of pigment formation in P. aeruginosa on adhesion.
{"title":"Effect of pigments of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on adhering and cytotoxicity of A549 cell line","authors":"Sally Abdul Aziz Karim, Luma Abdulhady Zwain, Estabraq A. Mahmoud","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4675","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram-negative, bacilli and facultative aerobic, P. aeruginosa cause cystic fibrosis patients, wounds, burns, and immunodeficienct patients, that have many virulence factors such as pyocyanin , cytotoxic ,biofilm formation and motility, Eighty-eight isolates belonging to P. aeruginosa were collected including the 66 clinical isolates obtained from different hospitals in Baghdad and were from different sources and 22 environmental isolates from previous studies of soil near oil fields. Microscopical and cultural characteristics were studied and diagnosed using biochemical tests, VITEC device, their ability to adhere to non-living (Polystyrene), living cell line (A549) and cytotoxicity of bacterial filtrate by MTT method. The results displayed that all isolates belonged to P. aeruginosa. The pigment-forming (pe26 – pc36) isolates and (PE33 – PC31) non-pigment-forming isolates were selected. That all selected bacteria were able to adhere to the Polystyrene and an epithelial carcinoma of lung (A549) was of more than 300 colony formation units in dilution (1:10) ,(1:1000), and (1:10000). The toxicity of the P. aeruginosa filtrate (pc36) isolated from clinical sources and producing pigments was 15.7, 34.5, 44 % at a concentration of 40, 60, 80 % respectively, while the isolate (pc31) that was isolated from clinical sources and non-producing pigment was 28.1, 75.2, 80.9 % at the same concentrations. As for the isolate (pe26),isolated from environmental sources and forming the pigment, the inhibition rate was 38.5, 83.1, 48.8 % at concentrations of 40, 60, 80) % respectively, and the isolate (PE33) that was isolated from environmental sources was 42, 73.4, 74.1 % at concentrations of 40, 60, 80 % respectively. The study will be helpful in evaluating the effect of pigment formation in P. aeruginosa on adhesion.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135110092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ichthyoplankton represent the first life stages of fish. The study of ichthyoplankton is crucial to understanding marine ecosystems and plays an important role in the management and durability of fisheries resources. During March and October of 2019, two oceanographic ichthyoplankton surveys were conducted in the Mediterranean Sea of Morocco from Tanger to Saadia by studying the horizontal structure of the ichthyoplankton species assemblage and its relation to environmental parameters. The average surface water temperature was (15.8°C in spring and 16.4°C in autumn). The fish eggs and larvae were more abundant in March than in October (21268 eggs/10m² and 14084 larvae/10m² in spring and 10094 eggs/10m² and 13796 larvae/10m²). In both seasons, fish eggs from the families Sternoptychidae and Sparidae were dominant (10101 eggs/10m² and 7527 eggs/10m² in spring and 4422 eggs/10m² and 3928 eggs/10m² in fall, respectively). However, Myctophidae larvae were the most abundant in the study area, reaching 7601 larvae/10m² in spring and 11021 larvae/10m² in autumn. The environmental parameters: temperature, salinity and chlorophyll-a (surface) seem to directly influence the spatial distribution of ichtyoplancton. On the other hand, it seems that predation by jellyfish (Pelagia noctiluca)was a very important factor that added to the factors that influenced the distribution of the species of fish eggs and larvae. This work represents the first survey conducted in the southwestern Alboran Sea, which studies the horizontal structure of the ichthyoplankton species assemblage and its relation to environmental factors in the spring and autumn of 2019.
{"title":"Spatial and seasonal fluctuations of Ichthyoplankton assemblage in the Mediterranean coast of Morocco (Southwestern Alboran Sea)","authors":"Lamia Diouri, Tarik Baibai, Najwa Hassou, Hinde Abdelouahab, Omar Ettahiri, Ahmed Makaoui, Abdelaziz Soukri, Mohamed Malki, Abdelilah Fahde","doi":"10.31018/jans.v15i3.4508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i3.4508","url":null,"abstract":"Ichthyoplankton represent the first life stages of fish. The study of ichthyoplankton is crucial to understanding marine ecosystems and plays an important role in the management and durability of fisheries resources. During March and October of 2019, two oceanographic ichthyoplankton surveys were conducted in the Mediterranean Sea of Morocco from Tanger to Saadia by studying the horizontal structure of the ichthyoplankton species assemblage and its relation to environmental parameters. The average surface water temperature was (15.8°C in spring and 16.4°C in autumn). The fish eggs and larvae were more abundant in March than in October (21268 eggs/10m² and 14084 larvae/10m² in spring and 10094 eggs/10m² and 13796 larvae/10m²). In both seasons, fish eggs from the families Sternoptychidae and Sparidae were dominant (10101 eggs/10m² and 7527 eggs/10m² in spring and 4422 eggs/10m² and 3928 eggs/10m² in fall, respectively). However, Myctophidae larvae were the most abundant in the study area, reaching 7601 larvae/10m² in spring and 11021 larvae/10m² in autumn. The environmental parameters: temperature, salinity and chlorophyll-a (surface) seem to directly influence the spatial distribution of ichtyoplancton. On the other hand, it seems that predation by jellyfish (Pelagia noctiluca)was a very important factor that added to the factors that influenced the distribution of the species of fish eggs and larvae. This work represents the first survey conducted in the southwestern Alboran Sea, which studies the horizontal structure of the ichthyoplankton species assemblage and its relation to environmental factors in the spring and autumn of 2019.","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135109234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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