Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v16i1.5172
Namita Kumari, Vivek Kumar, S. P. Trivedi, C. Singh, Article Info
Copper is one of the most toxic metals to fish and causes cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. The accumulation of copper in an aquatic environment directly impacts man and the aquatic ecosystem. The present study aimed to determine the effect of copper sulphate (CuSO4) accumulation on the induction of micronuclei in blood and histological changes in kidney and liver of the fish Channa punctatus. The test chemical LC50 was determined after 96 hours during the first experiment. Later in the second experiment, the test animal was exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations of CuSO4 [0.1 mg/l (96 h-LC50/40), 0.2 mg/l (96 h-LC50/20) and 0.4 mg/l (96 h-LC50/10)]. Physico chemical parameters of the test medium, such as pH, temperature, hardness, alkalinity, and dissolved oxygen, were observed throughout the experiment, and all values were within the ranges necessary for the fish's survival. At intervals of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, the control (without any test chemical) and copper sulphate exposed Groups' blood, liver, kidney, and gill tissues were taken to evaluate changes in genotoxic and histological parameters. Micronuclei (MN) induction and nuclear abnormalities (NAs) were observed at regular intervals. After 28 days, the MN frequency in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 0.78±0.006, 8.40±0.052, 10.37±0.098 and 10.90±0.024 respectively. A significant (P< 0.05) rise in MN frequencies and NAs indicated fish erythrocytes' DNA damage. Histological analysis of the liver, kidney, and gills revealed serious tissue injury such as necrosis, vacuolization, and degeneration after 28 days in the exposed Groups. The present study observed changes due to genotoxicity and histology, giving the most comprehensive understanding of CuSO4 stress on the fish C. punctatus and its risks to human health.
{"title":"Induction of micronuclei in blood and histopathological alterations in gill, kidney and liver of Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793) exposed to copper sulphate","authors":"Namita Kumari, Vivek Kumar, S. P. Trivedi, C. Singh, Article Info","doi":"10.31018/jans.v16i1.5172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5172","url":null,"abstract":"Copper is one of the most toxic metals to fish and causes cytotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. The accumulation of copper in an aquatic environment directly impacts man and the aquatic ecosystem. The present study aimed to determine the effect of copper sulphate (CuSO4) accumulation on the induction of micronuclei in blood and histological changes in kidney and liver of the fish Channa punctatus. The test chemical LC50 was determined after 96 hours during the first experiment. Later in the second experiment, the test animal was exposed to three sub-lethal concentrations of CuSO4 [0.1 mg/l (96 h-LC50/40), 0.2 mg/l (96 h-LC50/20) and 0.4 mg/l (96 h-LC50/10)]. Physico chemical parameters of the test medium, such as pH, temperature, hardness, alkalinity, and dissolved oxygen, were observed throughout the experiment, and all values were within the ranges necessary for the fish's survival. At intervals of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, the control (without any test chemical) and copper sulphate exposed Groups' blood, liver, kidney, and gill tissues were taken to evaluate changes in genotoxic and histological parameters. Micronuclei (MN) induction and nuclear abnormalities (NAs) were observed at regular intervals. After 28 days, the MN frequency in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 0.78±0.006, 8.40±0.052, 10.37±0.098 and 10.90±0.024 respectively. A significant (P< 0.05) rise in MN frequencies and NAs indicated fish erythrocytes' DNA damage. Histological analysis of the liver, kidney, and gills revealed serious tissue injury such as necrosis, vacuolization, and degeneration after 28 days in the exposed Groups. The present study observed changes due to genotoxicity and histology, giving the most comprehensive understanding of CuSO4 stress on the fish C. punctatus and its risks to human health.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v16i1.5322
Mark Anthony T. Bangao, E. A. Borja, Romel C. Mutya
Intertidal zones are crucial ecological interfaces, but there is a lack of comprehensive studies on mollusk communities in Surigao City, Philippines. This research aimed to assess intertidal mollusk profiles, including species density, diversity, evenness, and richness, addressing a knowledge gap in regional mollusk biodiversity. Using a belt transect quadrat method in three sampling areas during 2021, the study employed a descriptive correlation design to investigate relationships between mollusk profiles and seawater physico-chemical parameters (conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, and temperature). In Surigao City's Day-asan, Hikdop Island, and Sibale, 44 gastropod species (19 families) and 11 bivalve species (9 families) were identified. Conidae and Strombidae families dominated. Average seawater parameters were conductivity 51.33, dissolved oxygen 7.45, pH 7.84, salinity 32, and temperature 28.52. Day-asan exhibited the highest species count (49), followed by Hikdop Island (42) and Sibale Island (37). Hikdop Island had the highest species density and evenness, Day-asan had the highest species diversity index, and Sibale Island had the highest species richness. Mollusk profiles showed no significant differences between sampling areas, and a strong negative correlation between pH and species evenness was observed. Surigao City displayed diverse mollusk biodiversity, but a declining trend in diversity indices was noted. This study fills a critical knowledge gap in understanding mollusk community dynamics, providing essential baseline data for future conservation and management strategies in the region, while also shedding light on the impact of environmental factors on intertidal mollusk populations in Surigao City.
{"title":"Biodiversity of intertidal mollusks in Surigao City, Philippines","authors":"Mark Anthony T. Bangao, E. A. Borja, Romel C. Mutya","doi":"10.31018/jans.v16i1.5322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5322","url":null,"abstract":"Intertidal zones are crucial ecological interfaces, but there is a lack of comprehensive studies on mollusk communities in Surigao City, Philippines. This research aimed to assess intertidal mollusk profiles, including species density, diversity, evenness, and richness, addressing a knowledge gap in regional mollusk biodiversity. Using a belt transect quadrat method in three sampling areas during 2021, the study employed a descriptive correlation design to investigate relationships between mollusk profiles and seawater physico-chemical parameters (conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, and temperature). In Surigao City's Day-asan, Hikdop Island, and Sibale, 44 gastropod species (19 families) and 11 bivalve species (9 families) were identified. Conidae and Strombidae families dominated. Average seawater parameters were conductivity 51.33, dissolved oxygen 7.45, pH 7.84, salinity 32, and temperature 28.52. Day-asan exhibited the highest species count (49), followed by Hikdop Island (42) and Sibale Island (37). Hikdop Island had the highest species density and evenness, Day-asan had the highest species diversity index, and Sibale Island had the highest species richness. Mollusk profiles showed no significant differences between sampling areas, and a strong negative correlation between pH and species evenness was observed. Surigao City displayed diverse mollusk biodiversity, but a declining trend in diversity indices was noted. This study fills a critical knowledge gap in understanding mollusk community dynamics, providing essential baseline data for future conservation and management strategies in the region, while also shedding light on the impact of environmental factors on intertidal mollusk populations in Surigao City.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v16i1.5256
Indhushree A, U. M, Saravana Kumar M, Jeyajothi R, Ramadass S, Rajesh Kumar A
India is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of cotton, the major raw material for the textile industry, employing more than 4.5 crore people in the country. The present study aimed to analyse the impact of adverse trade in Indian cotton sector on labor and household income by employing Social Analysis Matrix based multiplier model and partial equilibrium model. Indian textile sector has strong backward linkages with primary input multiplier and household income multiplier of 4.13 and 3.44, respectively and, thus transmitting external impacts to the labour and household income. The sector has a higher multiplier effect of 10.17 on production activities, of which the impact on the cotton sector is 0.126. Fall in export and domestic demand for clothing and apparel in addition to movement restrictions around the world during the period 2020-2021, disrupted cotton supply chain and consequent fall in demand and price of the commodity. Simulations for the increase in carry-over stock and reduction in domestic consumption and cotton exports revealed that limiting the commodity's production and supply would retain the market equilibrium and increase the domestic price to the advantage of the farmers. The study reveals that dynamics in the Indian cotton sector trade significantly impacted labour and household income. Appropriate planning for areas under cotton cultivation and alternate procurement mechanisms during emergency situations would stabilise the Indian cotton economy.
{"title":"Spill-over effect of India cotton trade on labour and household income","authors":"Indhushree A, U. M, Saravana Kumar M, Jeyajothi R, Ramadass S, Rajesh Kumar A","doi":"10.31018/jans.v16i1.5256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5256","url":null,"abstract":"India is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of cotton, the major raw material for the textile industry, employing more than 4.5 crore people in the country. The present study aimed to analyse the impact of adverse trade in Indian cotton sector on labor and household income by employing Social Analysis Matrix based multiplier model and partial equilibrium model. Indian textile sector has strong backward linkages with primary input multiplier and household income multiplier of 4.13 and 3.44, respectively and, thus transmitting external impacts to the labour and household income. The sector has a higher multiplier effect of 10.17 on production activities, of which the impact on the cotton sector is 0.126. Fall in export and domestic demand for clothing and apparel in addition to movement restrictions around the world during the period 2020-2021, disrupted cotton supply chain and consequent fall in demand and price of the commodity. Simulations for the increase in carry-over stock and reduction in domestic consumption and cotton exports revealed that limiting the commodity's production and supply would retain the market equilibrium and increase the domestic price to the advantage of the farmers. The study reveals that dynamics in the Indian cotton sector trade significantly impacted labour and household income. Appropriate planning for areas under cotton cultivation and alternate procurement mechanisms during emergency situations would stabilise the Indian cotton economy. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v16i1.5279
Zahraa A. Taha, Halla Abdul-Hadi Chabuk, Alaa Jawad Hassan
High testosterone hormone levels play an important role in exhibiting aggressive behaviour and several disorders in female rodents and women. The present study aimed to determine the protective role of the alcoholic extract of Mentha spicata leaves (MSL) in the reduction of the level of testosterone and aggressive behaviour of female rats that suffer from high levels of testosterone. A total of 30 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 Groups. Group 1: Control rats received sesame oil(0.5 ml). Group 2: Rats injected with testosterone propionate (TP) alone. Group 3: Rats received MSL alone (100 mg/kg) orally. Groups 4, 5, and 6: Rats received TP + MSL, 6mg/rat of TP followed by 200, 400, and 600 mg/rat, respectively) for 60 days. The testosterone, dopamine, and aggressive behaviour were measured using specialized ELISA test kits. The results showed that testosterone and dopamine levels in the serum had a significant decrease (P<0.05) (4.82 (ng/ml) in testosterone and 272.83 (pg/ml) in dopamine) in animals treated with MSL only compared to Group 2, which found a significant rise (p<0.05) (16.52 (ng/ml) in testosterone and 607.59 (pg/ml) in dopamine) in the levels of testosterone and dopamine. The results exhibited a significant rise (P<0.05) in the aggressive behaviour in Group 2 of rats compared to the control and other Groups. In comparison, aggressive behaviour was significantly decreased (P<0.05) (7.40 (ng/ml) in testosterone and 263.49 (ng/ml) in dopamine) in Groups 2, 4, 5, and 6. Thus, the study revealed the protective role of the alcoholic extract of MSL in reducing levels of testosterone and aggressive behaviour in female rats suffering from higher levels of testosterone.
{"title":"Effectiveness of the Mentha spicata leaves in reducing testosterone levels and aggressive behaviour in female Wistar albino rats treated with testosterone propionate","authors":"Zahraa A. Taha, Halla Abdul-Hadi Chabuk, Alaa Jawad Hassan","doi":"10.31018/jans.v16i1.5279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5279","url":null,"abstract":"High testosterone hormone levels play an important role in exhibiting aggressive behaviour and several disorders in female rodents and women. The present study aimed to determine the protective role of the alcoholic extract of Mentha spicata leaves (MSL) in the reduction of the level of testosterone and aggressive behaviour of female rats that suffer from high levels of testosterone. A total of 30 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 Groups. Group 1: Control rats received sesame oil(0.5 ml). Group 2: Rats injected with testosterone propionate (TP) alone. Group 3: Rats received MSL alone (100 mg/kg) orally. Groups 4, 5, and 6: Rats received TP + MSL, 6mg/rat of TP followed by 200, 400, and 600 mg/rat, respectively) for 60 days. The testosterone, dopamine, and aggressive behaviour were measured using specialized ELISA test kits. The results showed that testosterone and dopamine levels in the serum had a significant decrease (P<0.05) (4.82 (ng/ml) in testosterone and 272.83 (pg/ml) in dopamine) in animals treated with MSL only compared to Group 2, which found a significant rise (p<0.05) (16.52 (ng/ml) in testosterone and 607.59 (pg/ml) in dopamine) in the levels of testosterone and dopamine. The results exhibited a significant rise (P<0.05) in the aggressive behaviour in Group 2 of rats compared to the control and other Groups. In comparison, aggressive behaviour was significantly decreased (P<0.05) (7.40 (ng/ml) in testosterone and 263.49 (ng/ml) in dopamine) in Groups 2, 4, 5, and 6. Thus, the study revealed the protective role of the alcoholic extract of MSL in reducing levels of testosterone and aggressive behaviour in female rats suffering from higher levels of testosterone.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v16i1.5375
M. Bhatia, Alka Sharma
Natural components isolated from spices are gaining the attention of food researchers to prevent the growth of microbes associated with food spoilage and foodborne pathogenesis to meet the ever-increasing consumers’ demand for safe and wholesome food free from harmful synthetic preservatives. In the present study, five bioactive components of spice origin, namely, allylisothiocyanate (AITC), cinnamic aldehyde (CIA), cuminic aldehyde (CUA), eugenol (EU), and menthol (MT) were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential towards six bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus) and eleven fungal strains (Alternaria solani, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium oxysporum, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium expansum, Phoma exigua, Rhizopus arrhizus and Rhizopus stolonifer), by opting agar well diffusion assay, impregnated paper disc method and broth dilution technique. All these seventeen microbes pose deleterious effects on food and human health. Among the bioactive compounds, CIA and CUA turned out to be the most potent inhibitors of microorganisms, whereas MT was found to be the least effective. Lower concentrations of bioactive components, ranging from 1.95 µL/mL to 15.62 µL/mL, were needed to inhibit fungi, while higher concentrations ranging from 15.62 µL/mL to 1000 µL/mL were needed to inhibit bacterial strains. Among the bacterial strains tested, gram-negative bacteria were inhibited at higher component concentration levels (31.25 µL/mL-1000 µL/mL) compared to gram-positive bacteria. The present study updates the existing information on the antimicrobial potency of natural substances, paving the way to further research on establishing spice bioactive components as ‘natural additives’.
{"title":"Evaluation of few bioactive components of spice origin for their antimicrobial potential towards microbes commonly implicated in food spoilage and foodborne pathogenesis","authors":"M. Bhatia, Alka Sharma","doi":"10.31018/jans.v16i1.5375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5375","url":null,"abstract":"Natural components isolated from spices are gaining the attention of food researchers to prevent the growth of microbes associated with food spoilage and foodborne pathogenesis to meet the ever-increasing consumers’ demand for safe and wholesome food free from harmful synthetic preservatives. In the present study, five bioactive components of spice origin, namely, allylisothiocyanate (AITC), cinnamic aldehyde (CIA), cuminic aldehyde (CUA), eugenol (EU), and menthol (MT) were evaluated for their antimicrobial potential towards six bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Shigella sonnei, Staphylococcus aureus) and eleven fungal strains (Alternaria solani, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium oxysporum, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium expansum, Phoma exigua, Rhizopus arrhizus and Rhizopus stolonifer), by opting agar well diffusion assay, impregnated paper disc method and broth dilution technique. All these seventeen microbes pose deleterious effects on food and human health. Among the bioactive compounds, CIA and CUA turned out to be the most potent inhibitors of microorganisms, whereas MT was found to be the least effective. Lower concentrations of bioactive components, ranging from 1.95 µL/mL to 15.62 µL/mL, were needed to inhibit fungi, while higher concentrations ranging from 15.62 µL/mL to 1000 µL/mL were needed to inhibit bacterial strains. Among the bacterial strains tested, gram-negative bacteria were inhibited at higher component concentration levels (31.25 µL/mL-1000 µL/mL) compared to gram-positive bacteria. The present study updates the existing information on the antimicrobial potency of natural substances, paving the way to further research on establishing spice bioactive components as ‘natural additives’.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v16i1.5196
Saparso, Khavid Faozi, F. Putra, Article Info
Air salinity is one of the problems for horticulture production in coastal areas. Cabbage and Cauliflower are horticulture commodities that have the potential to develop in coastal areas. The present study aimed to examine the agro-physiological response of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis) to different concentrations of air salinity. This research was a factorial experiment on polybags arranged according to a completely randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was the crop type, namely cabbage (Grand 22) and cauliflower (Larissa F1). The second factor was the concentration of air salinity, namely 0 dS. m-1, 6 dS. m-1, 12 dS. m-1, and 18 dS. m-1. The agro-physiological changes studied were crop yield, leaf chlorophyll content, stomata density, and proline content. A stress tolerance index was measured to determine the level of crop resistance to air salinity stress. The results explained that air salinity was not able to affect crop growth and yield, but it enabled to affect crops physiologically. The highest decrease in leaf chlorophyll content was at 18 dS. m-1 of 29.16% in the vegetative stage and 37.88% in the generative stage. There was an increase in proline accumulation of leaf (1,320.63%) when the air salinity was increased (18 dS. m-1). However, the accumulation of cabbage proline was lower than that of cauliflower. Based on the stress tolerance index, cabbage is included in the category of tolerant, while cauliflower is in the category of moderate tolerance to air salinity.
空气盐度是沿海地区园艺生产面临的问题之一。卷心菜和花椰菜是有潜力在沿海地区发展的园艺产品。本研究旨在考察卷心菜（Brassica oleracea var.capitata）和花椰菜（B. oleracea var.botrytis）对不同浓度空气盐度的农业生理学反应。这项研究是一项多因素试验，采用完全随机区组设计，包含两个因素。第一个因素是作物类型，即卷心菜（Grand 22）和花椰菜（Larissa F1）。第二个因素是空气盐度浓度，即 0 dS. m-1、6 dS. m-1、12 dS. m-1 和 18 dS. m-1。研究的农业生理学变化包括作物产量、叶片叶绿素含量、气孔密度和脯氨酸含量。还测量了抗逆性指数，以确定作物对空气盐度胁迫的抗性水平。结果表明，空气盐度无法影响作物的生长和产量，但能对作物的生理产生影响。叶片叶绿素含量在 18 dS. m-1 时下降幅度最大，营养期为 29.16%，生长期为 37.88%。当空气盐度增加（18 dS. m-1）时，叶片中脯氨酸的积累增加了（1,320.63%）。然而，大白菜脯氨酸的积累量低于花椰菜。根据胁迫耐受性指数，大白菜属于耐受类，而花椰菜属于中度耐受空气盐度类。
{"title":"Assessing the air salinity on agro-physiological response of Brassica oleracea var. capitata and Brassica oleracea var. botrytis","authors":"Saparso, Khavid Faozi, F. Putra, Article Info","doi":"10.31018/jans.v16i1.5196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5196","url":null,"abstract":"Air salinity is one of the problems for horticulture production in coastal areas. Cabbage and Cauliflower are horticulture commodities that have the potential to develop in coastal areas. The present study aimed to examine the agro-physiological response of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis) to different concentrations of air salinity. This research was a factorial experiment on polybags arranged according to a completely randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was the crop type, namely cabbage (Grand 22) and cauliflower (Larissa F1). The second factor was the concentration of air salinity, namely 0 dS. m-1, 6 dS. m-1, 12 dS. m-1, and 18 dS. m-1. The agro-physiological changes studied were crop yield, leaf chlorophyll content, stomata density, and proline content. A stress tolerance index was measured to determine the level of crop resistance to air salinity stress. The results explained that air salinity was not able to affect crop growth and yield, but it enabled to affect crops physiologically. The highest decrease in leaf chlorophyll content was at 18 dS. m-1 of 29.16% in the vegetative stage and 37.88% in the generative stage. There was an increase in proline accumulation of leaf (1,320.63%) when the air salinity was increased (18 dS. m-1). However, the accumulation of cabbage proline was lower than that of cauliflower. Based on the stress tolerance index, cabbage is included in the category of tolerant, while cauliflower is in the category of moderate tolerance to air salinity.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v16i1.5370
Sapna Munjal, Jyotika Dhankhar, Alka Sharma, S. B. Dhull
Legumes are a cost-effective source of proteins and abundant starch, a biodegradable substance, providing human nutrition and serving various food sectors globally. Some of the neglected (underutilised) legumes can also be used as the cheapest source of starch. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the physicochemical characteristics of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) starch - a legume not widely known so underutilised. The starch was isolated from the bean by standard method to study its various properties. One-way analysis of variance was employed to verify a significant difference at the 5% significance level. The jack bean yielded 30.98% of starch. The starch’s moisture, ash, fat, protein, fiber, and carbohydrate content were 9.67%, 0.19%, 0.27%, 0.56%, 0.27%, and 89.28% respectively. The physicochemical properties were also determined. The apparent and total amylose contents were 43.82% and 47.78%, respectively, with 7.66% of amylose leaching at 95°C. The water and oil absorption capacities were 2.31 and 2.56 g/g, respectively, while emulsion capacity and stability were 62.30 and 71.38 %, respectively. The solubility and swelling power of jack bean starch increased with temperature from 55 to 95°C. The effect of starch concentrations (6, 8, and 10%) on freeze-thaw stability revealed that water expelled decreased as starch content increased. Nevertheless, a comprehensive investigation has not been conducted into the distinct functional characteristics and other attributes of jack bean starch. This study could provide new opportunities for conventional starch industries that rely on starch from sources like cereals, tubers, and rhizomes.
{"title":"Physicochemical properties of native Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) starch: An underutilised legume","authors":"Sapna Munjal, Jyotika Dhankhar, Alka Sharma, S. B. Dhull","doi":"10.31018/jans.v16i1.5370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5370","url":null,"abstract":"Legumes are a cost-effective source of proteins and abundant starch, a biodegradable substance, providing human nutrition and serving various food sectors globally. Some of the neglected (underutilised) legumes can also be used as the cheapest source of starch. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the physicochemical characteristics of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) starch - a legume not widely known so underutilised. The starch was isolated from the bean by standard method to study its various properties. One-way analysis of variance was employed to verify a significant difference at the 5% significance level. The jack bean yielded 30.98% of starch. The starch’s moisture, ash, fat, protein, fiber, and carbohydrate content were 9.67%, 0.19%, 0.27%, 0.56%, 0.27%, and 89.28% respectively. The physicochemical properties were also determined. The apparent and total amylose contents were 43.82% and 47.78%, respectively, with 7.66% of amylose leaching at 95°C. The water and oil absorption capacities were 2.31 and 2.56 g/g, respectively, while emulsion capacity and stability were 62.30 and 71.38 %, respectively. The solubility and swelling power of jack bean starch increased with temperature from 55 to 95°C. The effect of starch concentrations (6, 8, and 10%) on freeze-thaw stability revealed that water expelled decreased as starch content increased. Nevertheless, a comprehensive investigation has not been conducted into the distinct functional characteristics and other attributes of jack bean starch. This study could provide new opportunities for conventional starch industries that rely on starch from sources like cereals, tubers, and rhizomes.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v16i1.5115
Saleem Obaid Gatia Almawla, Luma Dali, Yusser Mahmoud Ragheb, Ali Ibrahim Edan, Mohammed Mukhles Ahmed, Ali Hazim Abdulkareem, Afrah I. Waheeb
Various bacterial pathotypes remain a significant public health concern due to their pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, the ability of bacteria to form biofilms can hinder host defense and antimicrobial eradication, leading to additional resistance. This study aimed to estimate the cinnamic acid's anti-biofilm activity against biofilms-producing bacteria. From October to November 2023, various clinical isolates were obtained from the Bacteriology Unit, Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Iraq. All isolates were identified using a conventional and automated VITEK-2 compact system. Based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion and AST were performed for antimicrobial susceptibility. Biofilm formation was estimated using a 96-well Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader. Based on the antimicrobial susceptibility test, all bacterial isolates showed antibiotic resistance, including Kleibsella pneumonieae, Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The data showed that MICs of cinnamic acid against bacteria were 125 μg /ml.The biofilms formed by all isolates exhibited strong strength (OD570 : 0.078-0.099). Cinnamic acid demonstrated significant inhibition of biofilm production in Multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria (P-value = 0.0236). The results indicated that Cinnamic acid could be a promising anti-infective agent based on its ability to inhibit MDR-bacterial infections through biofilm formation.
{"title":"Antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of cinnamic acid against Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from Ramadi Teaching hospitals, Iraq","authors":"Saleem Obaid Gatia Almawla, Luma Dali, Yusser Mahmoud Ragheb, Ali Ibrahim Edan, Mohammed Mukhles Ahmed, Ali Hazim Abdulkareem, Afrah I. Waheeb","doi":"10.31018/jans.v16i1.5115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5115","url":null,"abstract":"Various bacterial pathotypes remain a significant public health concern due to their pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, the ability of bacteria to form biofilms can hinder host defense and antimicrobial eradication, leading to additional resistance. This study aimed to estimate the cinnamic acid's anti-biofilm activity against biofilms-producing bacteria. From October to November 2023, various clinical isolates were obtained from the Bacteriology Unit, Ramadi Teaching Hospital, Iraq. All isolates were identified using a conventional and automated VITEK-2 compact system. Based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST), the Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion and AST were performed for antimicrobial susceptibility. Biofilm formation was estimated using a 96-well Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) reader. Based on the antimicrobial susceptibility test, all bacterial isolates showed antibiotic resistance, including Kleibsella pneumonieae, Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The data showed that MICs of cinnamic acid against bacteria were 125 μg /ml.The biofilms formed by all isolates exhibited strong strength (OD570 : 0.078-0.099). Cinnamic acid demonstrated significant inhibition of biofilm production in Multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria (P-value = 0.0236). The results indicated that Cinnamic acid could be a promising anti-infective agent based on its ability to inhibit MDR-bacterial infections through biofilm formation.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v16i1.5326
Eman Salem Mahmoud, Mutaa Abdalmutaleb Al-Hayali, Sana Abdulilahabdulmawjood
Sodium nitrite and quercetin are frequently employed as protective agents on glucose levels, levels of thyroid hormones, and lipid profile. The present study aimed to see the quercetin effect on some biochemical parameters in adult rats treated with sodium nitrite. A total of twenty-one laboratory animals (Wistar albino rats) were used in this experiment, separated into three groups of seven animals each. During the trial, Group I was given water only to drink and Group II received sodium nitrite directly by oral feeding needle. The study used 80 mg.kg-1/body weight (BW) of sodium nitrite, while Group IIIreceived drinking water containing sodium nitrite orally in doses of up to 80 mg.kg-1 BW and quercetin with a (50 mg/kg ). After blood was drawn and serum extracted, the parameters determined were thyroid hormones, lipids, Homeostasis Model Evaluation for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and glucose level. The study observed that compared to the controls, the insulin (HOMA-IR) and sugar levels and lipid profile of the sodium-nitrite treated group were much higher. The sodium nitrite-treated group also had a substantial drop in thyroid hormone concentrations and a rise in Thyroid Stimulated Hormone (TSH), whereas the quercetin alleviated the harmful effects of sodium nitrate by lowering blood sugar, insulin, HOMA-IR,and improved the lipid profile. There was an improvement in glucose, insulin resistance, lipidemia, and TSH hormone levels, which increased as a result of exposure to nitrite. Thus, the present study demonstrated how quercetin protected against sodium nitrite-induced toxicity by improving several biochemical parameters in adult rats.
{"title":"Effect of quercetin on some biochemical parameters in adult rats treated with sodium nitrite","authors":"Eman Salem Mahmoud, Mutaa Abdalmutaleb Al-Hayali, Sana Abdulilahabdulmawjood","doi":"10.31018/jans.v16i1.5326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5326","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium nitrite and quercetin are frequently employed as protective agents on glucose levels, levels of thyroid hormones, and lipid profile. The present study aimed to see the quercetin effect on some biochemical parameters in adult rats treated with sodium nitrite. A total of twenty-one laboratory animals (Wistar albino rats) were used in this experiment, separated into three groups of seven animals each. During the trial, Group I was given water only to drink and Group II received sodium nitrite directly by oral feeding needle. The study used 80 mg.kg-1/body weight (BW) of sodium nitrite, while Group IIIreceived drinking water containing sodium nitrite orally in doses of up to 80 mg.kg-1 BW and quercetin with a (50 mg/kg ). After blood was drawn and serum extracted, the parameters determined were thyroid hormones, lipids, Homeostasis Model Evaluation for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and glucose level. The study observed that compared to the controls, the insulin (HOMA-IR) and sugar levels and lipid profile of the sodium-nitrite treated group were much higher. The sodium nitrite-treated group also had a substantial drop in thyroid hormone concentrations and a rise in Thyroid Stimulated Hormone (TSH), whereas the quercetin alleviated the harmful effects of sodium nitrate by lowering blood sugar, insulin, HOMA-IR,and improved the lipid profile. There was an improvement in glucose, insulin resistance, lipidemia, and TSH hormone levels, which increased as a result of exposure to nitrite. Thus, the present study demonstrated how quercetin protected against sodium nitrite-induced toxicity by improving several biochemical parameters in adult rats.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140389467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.31018/jans.v16i1.5401
Meenakshi Garg, Preeti Tyagi, Shallu Sachdeva, S. Mathew, Aparna Agarwal
Fruit and vegetable processing byproducts have a high concentration of biologically useful components and nutritional fibre, though they are frequently discarded as manufacturing waste. The purpose of this study was to improve the nutritional value of the Indian recipe papad, a low-moisture dish with a thin, crisp, wafer-like texture, by utilizing the beneficial properties of dehydrated carrot pomace powder (CPP), which is usually discarded as a food industry bio-waste. Carrot pomace powder was prepared and examined for nutritional and functional properties (10, 20, and 30%), and the developed samples were coded as P0 (control, 100% black gram flour), P1 (black gram flour: carrot pomace powder; 90:10), P2 (black gram flour: carrot pomace powder; 80:20), and P3 (black gram flour: carrot pomace powder; 70:30). The physical, sensory, and storage properties of the developed value-added papads were evaluated. Adding CPP to the flour mix increased the moisture, ash, and crude fiber content while decreasing the protein and carbohydrate content. Based on sensory evaluation, sample P1 was found to be the most acceptable by the sensory panel. The product's microbiological studies showed that, up to a 30-day storage period, the product was well within safe limits. Based on the water activity (at 36.7ºC/ 83% RH) and overall acceptability scores, triple-laminated aluminum bags were considered an appropriate packaging material for storing the value-added papads. This study has established the incorporation of CPP as a healthier alternative to produce an inexpensive, fiber-rich, value-added papads.
{"title":"Quality assessment of value-added Indian recipe papad prepared from dehydrated carrot pomace powder","authors":"Meenakshi Garg, Preeti Tyagi, Shallu Sachdeva, S. Mathew, Aparna Agarwal","doi":"10.31018/jans.v16i1.5401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v16i1.5401","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit and vegetable processing byproducts have a high concentration of biologically useful components and nutritional fibre, though they are frequently discarded as manufacturing waste. The purpose of this study was to improve the nutritional value of the Indian recipe papad, a low-moisture dish with a thin, crisp, wafer-like texture, by utilizing the beneficial properties of dehydrated carrot pomace powder (CPP), which is usually discarded as a food industry bio-waste. Carrot pomace powder was prepared and examined for nutritional and functional properties (10, 20, and 30%), and the developed samples were coded as P0 (control, 100% black gram flour), P1 (black gram flour: carrot pomace powder; 90:10), P2 (black gram flour: carrot pomace powder; 80:20), and P3 (black gram flour: carrot pomace powder; 70:30). The physical, sensory, and storage properties of the developed value-added papads were evaluated. Adding CPP to the flour mix increased the moisture, ash, and crude fiber content while decreasing the protein and carbohydrate content. Based on sensory evaluation, sample P1 was found to be the most acceptable by the sensory panel. The product's microbiological studies showed that, up to a 30-day storage period, the product was well within safe limits. Based on the water activity (at 36.7ºC/ 83% RH) and overall acceptability scores, triple-laminated aluminum bags were considered an appropriate packaging material for storing the value-added papads. This study has established the incorporation of CPP as a healthier alternative to produce an inexpensive, fiber-rich, value-added papads. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14996,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied and Natural Science","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：