Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals最新文献

英文中文

Vegetarian Diet and Their Effect on Viral Diseases, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India 素食及其对病毒性疾病的影响，印度拉贾斯坦邦，阿杰梅尔

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/19485964.20.12.200

Rashmi Sharma, A. Sharma, Amogh Bhardwaj, D. Bhardwaj, Garima Choumal, A. Gupta

Vegetarian diet includes fruits, Folic acid , Low cholesterol , total fat ,vegetables, saturated fatty acids, Iron , grains, fats, phytochemicals, fiber, legumes, antioxidants, Vitamin A, B, C, D and E, Sodium, Zinc, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. When meat and fish are taken in place of vegetables it becomes nonvegetable diet. Vegetable diet is beneficial in all ways it reduces obesity, reduces diabetes, reduces cancer, cardiovascular diseases, lowers blood level and improves kidney functions, reduces pain from arthritis, brain diseases (Alzheimer). It also reduces cholesterol, digestive system disorders (constipation and diverticulosis). But vegetarians have higher risk of increased plasma homocysteine, platelet agreeability, average platelet volume due to low vitamin B 12 and PUFA. Vegetarian diet is rich in nutrients it provide fiber, vitamins, antioxidants, potassium, magnesium, folate, Vitamins A, B, C, D and E In the present paper vegetarian diet and its effect on viral diseases were studied.

素食包括水果、叶酸、低胆固醇、总脂肪、蔬菜、饱和脂肪酸、铁、谷物、脂肪、植物化学物质、纤维、豆类、抗氧化剂、维生素A、B、C、D和E、钠、锌、多不饱和脂肪酸。当用肉和鱼代替蔬菜时，就变成了非蔬菜饮食。蔬菜饮食在各个方面都是有益的，它可以减少肥胖，减少糖尿病，减少癌症，心血管疾病，降低血液水平，改善肾功能，减轻关节炎和脑部疾病(阿尔茨海默病)引起的疼痛。它还能降低胆固醇，减少消化系统疾病(便秘和憩室病)。但素食者血浆同型半胱氨酸、血小板适应性、平均血小板体积增加的风险更高，因为他们缺乏维生素b12和多聚脂肪酸。素食具有丰富的营养，它提供纤维、维生素、抗氧化剂、钾、镁、叶酸、维生素A、B、C、D和E。本文研究了素食及其对病毒性疾病的影响。

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Risky Sexual Behaviors and Associated Risk Factors among Students of Arsi University, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚阿尔西大学学生危险性行为及相关危险因素评估

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.199

M. Segni, Sime Degefa

Background: Risky sexual behavior remains a critical health concern among the general population of Ethiopia. The occurrence of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors for HIV infections is the core of sexuality matters in adolescents and youths. The aim of this study was to assess the risky sexual behavior among students of Arsi University. Methods: A cross sectional institutional based study among Arsi University students to assess risky sexual behavior. Six hundred twenty two randomly selected students were included in the study from three colleges. Structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Data was entered to Epi-enfo version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 622 students were included in the study. About 261 (72.2%) students had sexual intercourse previously, and the mean age at first sexual intercourse was 18.6 ± 0.122. Among the sexually active students, 175 (67%) used condom during sexual intercourse. Students who wore fashion clothes, chewing chat and prefer premarital sex were more likely to use condom inconsistently. Conclusion and recommendation: Almost half of the study participants had been engaged in sexual intercourse and the level of consistent condom use was low. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the awareness of students about the effect of addiction and other potential factors on developing risky sexual behavior.

背景:危险的性行为仍然是埃塞俄比亚普通民众的一个严重健康问题。发生危险的性行为和艾滋病毒感染的相关因素是青少年和青年性问题的核心。本研究的目的是评估阿尔西大学学生的危险性行为。方法:对阿尔西大学的学生进行横断面性行为评估。从三所大学随机挑选的622名学生参与了这项研究。采用结构化的自我管理问卷收集信息。数据输入Epi-enfo version 7，使用SPSS version 21进行分析。结果:共纳入622名学生。有过性行为的学生261人(72.2%)，初次性行为平均年龄为18.6±0.122岁。在性活跃的学生中，175人(67%)在性交时使用安全套。穿着时尚、爱嚼口香糖、喜欢婚前性行为的学生更有可能不一致地使用安全套。结论和建议:几乎一半的研究参与者都有过性行为，而且持续使用安全套的水平很低。因此，有必要提高学生对成瘾和其他潜在因素对发生危险性行为的影响的认识。

{"title":"Assessment of Risky Sexual Behaviors and Associated Risk Factors among Students of Arsi University, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Segni, Sime Degefa","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.20.12.199","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Risky sexual behavior remains a critical health concern among the general population of Ethiopia. The occurrence of risky sexual behaviors and associated factors for HIV infections is the core of sexuality matters in adolescents and youths. The aim of this study was to assess the risky sexual behavior among students of Arsi University. Methods: A cross sectional institutional based study among Arsi University students to assess risky sexual behavior. Six hundred twenty two randomly selected students were included in the study from three colleges. Structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information. Data was entered to Epi-enfo version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 622 students were included in the study. About 261 (72.2%) students had sexual intercourse previously, and the mean age at first sexual intercourse was 18.6 ± 0.122. Among the sexually active students, 175 (67%) used condom during sexual intercourse. Students who wore fashion clothes, chewing chat and prefer premarital sex were more likely to use condom inconsistently. Conclusion and recommendation: Almost half of the study participants had been engaged in sexual intercourse and the level of consistent condom use was low. Therefore, there is a need to enhance the awareness of students about the effect of addiction and other potential factors on developing risky sexual behavior.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84288615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Viral Diseases and Antiviral Activity of Some Medicinal Plants with Special Reference to Ajmer 一些药用植物的病毒病害及其抗病毒活性，尤以菊苣为例

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.19.11.186

Rashmi Sharma

Rajasthan is western state of India. Ajmer is located in the centre of Rajasthan (INDIA) between 25° 38“ and 26° 58“ north 75° 22” east longitude covering a geographical area of about 8481 sq. km hemmed in all sides by Aravalli hills. About 7 miles from the city is Pushkar Lake created by the touch of Lord Brahma. The Dargah of Khawaja Moinuddin chisti is holiest shrine next to Mecca in the world. Rajasthan has hot dry summer and cold bracing winter. The winter extends from November to February and summer extends from March to June followed by rainy season till mid-September. The temperature varies from 2°C in winter and 49°C in summer. The normal annual rainfall is 527.3 mm. Ajmer viral disease and antiviral plants are studied in this paper.

拉贾斯坦邦是印度西部的一个邦。Ajmer位于拉贾斯坦邦(印度)的中心，位于东经25°38 "至26°58 "之间，地理面积约为8481平方公里。千米四面环绕着阿拉瓦利山。离城市大约7英里的地方是由梵天创造的普什卡尔湖。Khawaja Moinuddin基督的Dargah是世界上仅次于麦加的最神圣的圣地。拉贾斯坦邦夏天炎热干燥，冬天寒冷宜人。冬季从11月持续到2月，夏季从3月持续到6月，然后是雨季直到9月中旬。冬季温度为2°C，夏季为49°C。正常年降雨量为527.3毫米。本文主要研究了病毒病和抗病毒植物。

引用次数: 8

Derivatized Extracts from Aframomium melegueta K. Schum. and Vernonia amygdalina Delile Contain Organic Compounds that Showed Antiviral Effects against Atypical Fowl Pox Virus (FPV Kabete) 非洲香衍生提取物。含有抗病毒非典型禽痘病毒(FPV)的有机化合物

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5964.1000181

Oladunmoye Mk, Olufemi Ifeoluwa Afolami, Oladejo Bo, Amoo Ia, Osho Bi

In this study, we tested for the antiviral potentials of derivatized extracts from two plants Aframomium melegute K. Schum. and Vernonia amygdalina Delile against atypical Fowl pox virus (FPV Kabete). Preliminary study on derivatized extracts from the plants showed that A. melegute extract contain two abundant phenols (benzaldehyde-3-hydroxy-4methoxy and butan-2-one-4-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl) while the V. amygdalina extract contained Phytol and a nucleoside analogue Methyl-2-O-benzyl-d-arabinofuranoside as most abundant compounds. We determined the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the derivatized extracts against the FPV in Embryonated Chick Eggs (ECEs) and also linked their antiviral properties to the activity of the most abundant compounds they contain. Results showed that the extracts had strong therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy against FPV. Summarily, the extract from A. melegueta had stronger prophylactic efficacy against the FPV with an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 159.49 ± 2.16 µm, it reduced the mortality of embryos (from 21.46 ± 2.31% to 6.89 ± 0.29%), diminished the FPV Log10EID50 titer from 3.86 to 2.78 and its percentage viral reduction index for prophylactic assay was at 91.7%. However, the V. amygdalina extract showed better therapeutic potential with inhibition concentration (IC50) of 179.90 ± 2.74 µm, it strongly reduced the embryo mortality (from 21.46 ± 2.31% to 7.72 ± 0.34%) and the FPV Log10EID50 titer diminished from 3.86 to 3.08 while it had a viral percentage reduction index of 83.4% for the therapeutic assay. This study demonstrated the antiviral efficacy of derivatized extracts from the two test plants against FPV and that compounds contained in the extracts can serve as molecular leads in subsequent study for biosynthesis of novel antipoxvirus inhibitors.

在这项研究中，我们测试了两种植物Aframomium melegute K. Schum衍生提取物的抗病毒潜力。抗非典型禽痘病毒(FPV Kabete)的扁桃水蛭(Vernonia amygdalina delle)。对该植物衍生化提取物的初步研究表明，a . melegute提取物中含有两种丰富的酚类化合物(苯甲醛-3-羟基-4-甲氧基和丁-2- 1 -4-(3-羟基-2-甲氧基苯基)，而V. amygdalina提取物中最丰富的化合物是叶绿醇和核苷类似物甲基-2-o -苄基-d-阿拉伯糖醛酸苷。我们确定了衍生提取物对鸡胚蛋(ECEs)中FPV的预防和治疗效果，并将其抗病毒特性与它们所含的最丰富化合物的活性联系起来。结果表明，该提取物对FPV有较强的治疗和预防作用。综上所示，毛蕊花提取物对FPV具有较强的预防作用，其抑制浓度(IC50)为159.49±2.16µm，使胚胎死亡率从21.46±2.31%降低到6.89±0.29%，使FPV的Log10EID50滴度从3.86降低到2.78，其预防试验的百分比病毒减少指数为91.7%。然而，苦杏仁叶提取物具有较好的治疗潜力，其抑制浓度(IC50)为179.90±2.74µm，显著降低了胚胎死亡率(从21.46±2.31%降至7.72±0.34%)，FPV Log10EID50滴度从3.86降至3.08，病毒百分比降低指数为83.4%。本研究证实了两种受试植物衍生提取物对FPV的抗病毒作用，并且提取物中所含的化合物可作为后续生物合成新型抗痘病毒抑制剂研究的分子先导物。

{"title":"Derivatized Extracts from Aframomium melegueta K. Schum. and Vernonia amygdalina Delile Contain Organic Compounds that Showed Antiviral Effects against Atypical Fowl Pox Virus (FPV Kabete)","authors":"Oladunmoye Mk, Olufemi Ifeoluwa Afolami, Oladejo Bo, Amoo Ia, Osho Bi","doi":"10.4172/1948-5964.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5964.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we tested for the antiviral potentials of derivatized extracts from two plants Aframomium melegute K. Schum. and Vernonia amygdalina Delile against atypical Fowl pox virus (FPV Kabete). Preliminary study on derivatized extracts from the plants showed that A. melegute extract contain two abundant phenols (benzaldehyde-3-hydroxy-4methoxy and butan-2-one-4-(3-hydroxy-2-methoxyphenyl) while the V. amygdalina extract contained Phytol and a nucleoside analogue Methyl-2-O-benzyl-d-arabinofuranoside as most abundant compounds. We determined the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the derivatized extracts against the FPV in Embryonated Chick Eggs (ECEs) and also linked their antiviral properties to the activity of the most abundant compounds they contain. Results showed that the extracts had strong therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy against FPV. Summarily, the extract from A. melegueta had stronger prophylactic efficacy against the FPV with an inhibition concentration (IC50) of 159.49 ± 2.16 µm, it reduced the mortality of embryos (from 21.46 ± 2.31% to 6.89 ± 0.29%), diminished the FPV Log10EID50 titer from 3.86 to 2.78 and its percentage viral reduction index for prophylactic assay was at 91.7%. However, the V. amygdalina extract showed better therapeutic potential with inhibition concentration (IC50) of 179.90 ± 2.74 µm, it strongly reduced the embryo mortality (from 21.46 ± 2.31% to 7.72 ± 0.34%) and the FPV Log10EID50 titer diminished from 3.86 to 3.08 while it had a viral percentage reduction index of 83.4% for the therapeutic assay. This study demonstrated the antiviral efficacy of derivatized extracts from the two test plants against FPV and that compounds contained in the extracts can serve as molecular leads in subsequent study for biosynthesis of novel antipoxvirus inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"126 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78523898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Non-Structural Proteases as a Target of Dengue Virus 非结构蛋白酶作为登革热病毒的靶点

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.19.11.188

L. Ganji, Menna A. Kanyalkar

Dengue is a globally emerging health concern, still in preliminary stage of drug development. Many research scientists explored the dengue virus and identified its several targets that are categorized as structural and non-structural proteins, irrespective of its serotypic classification. A number of natural, synthetic and patented analogs are screened and studied against different serotypes and targets of dengue. Our review compiles the recent developments based on the huge number of such molecular space created by diverse scaffolds, specifically targeting NS2B-NS3 protease and methyltransferase (NS5) of dengue virus (DENV) infection. The emphasis of our article is to confer the leads towards the DENV drug discovery.

登革热是一种全球新出现的健康问题，目前仍处于药物开发的初级阶段。许多研究科学家探索了登革热病毒，并确定了它的几个靶点，这些靶点被归类为结构蛋白和非结构蛋白，而不考虑其血清型分类。筛选和研究了针对登革热不同血清型和靶点的一些天然、合成和专利类似物。本文综述了近年来针对登革病毒(DENV)感染的NS2B-NS3蛋白酶和甲基转移酶(NS5)构建的大量此类分子空间的研究进展。本文的重点是为DENV药物的发现提供线索。

引用次数: 8

Comparative Study of Phylogenetic Analysis of S1 Gene of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates from Iraq with the Selected Strains (genebank) 伊拉克传染性支气管炎病毒分离株与选定菌株(基因库)S1基因系统发育分析的比较研究

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.19.11.183

Noor R Abady, Firas Al-bawi

引用次数: 0

Cloning, Expression and Purification of Recombinant Forms of Full Length and Extracellular Domain EBOV Glycoprotein within Mammalian Cell-Lines 哺乳动物EBOV全长和胞外结构域糖蛋白重组形式的克隆、表达和纯化

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.19.11.187

M. Wayengera, Peace Babirye, Carol Musubika, S. Kirimunda, M. Joloba

Background: Full length Ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP) intersperses the outer most lipid membrane to form spikes, where it mediates virus-host cell interaction. A secretory form of GP (sGP) is also produced by all 5 known Ebolavirus species. These attributes make GP an ideal target for research and development (R and D) of Ebolavirus and possibly pan-filovirus targeted Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs), bio-therapeutics and vaccines. Prior cloning of recombinant Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) GP has majorly used insect (baculovirus ) expression systems. We report the cloning, expression and purification of the full length and extracellular domain (ECD) forms of recombinant EBOV GP in mammalian cell-lines. Methods and results: 2034 and 1956 base-pair (bp) coding DNA sequences corresponding to the 669 and 643 amino acids (aa) residues of full length and ECD forms of EBOV GP were sub-cloned into the pTGE plasmids. Recombinant pTGE-plasmids were used to transfect 293-6E HEK mammalian cells grown in serum-free FreeStyleTM 293 Expression Medium. Cell lysates and or culture supernatants were used to obtain purified protein, followed by analysis on SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Purified full length GP was detected as membrane bound protein in cell lysates with estimated molecular weight of ~100 kDa (Cal.M.W.~71.67 kDa) on Western blot; and 0.02 mg GP (Concentration: 0.2 mg/mL, Purity: ~50%) derived. On the contrary, ECD GP was detected in supernatants of cell culture broth with estimated molecular weights of ~116 kDa based on SDS-PAGE and Western blot; and 1.6 mg (Concentration: 0.4 mg/ml, Purity: ~70%) of GP_ECD was obtained. Conclusion: Within mammalian cells, recombinant full length EBOV GP is predominantly expressed as transmembrane protein (tGP), while ECD GP is eluted into the culture medium. Both recombinant forms of GP are critical for the R and D of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs).

背景:全长埃博拉病毒糖蛋白(GP)散布在最外层的脂质膜上形成刺突，在那里介导病毒与宿主细胞的相互作用。所有5种已知的埃博拉病毒也产生一种分泌型GP (sGP)。这些特性使GP成为埃博拉病毒以及可能的泛丝状病毒靶向快速诊断检测、生物疗法和疫苗研发的理想目标。先前克隆重组扎伊尔埃博拉病毒(EBOV) GP主要使用昆虫(杆状病毒)表达系统。我们报道了在哺乳动物细胞系中克隆、表达和纯化重组EBOV GP全长和胞外结构域(ECD)形式。方法和结果:将EBOV GP全长型和ECD型的669和643个氨基酸(aa)残基对应的2034和1956个碱基对(bp)编码DNA序列亚克隆到pTGE质粒中。利用重组ptge质粒转染无血清FreeStyleTM 293表达培养基中培养的293- 6e HEK哺乳动物细胞。细胞裂解液和/或培养上清液获得纯化蛋白，然后进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。纯化的全长GP在细胞裂解液中以膜结合蛋白的形式存在，Western blot估计分子量为~100 kDa (Cal.M.W.~71.67 kDa);提取GP 0.02 mg(浓度:0.2 mg/mL，纯度:~50%)。相反，细胞培养液上清中检测到ECD GP, SDS-PAGE和Western blot估计分子量为~116 kDa;得到GP_ECD 1.6 mg(浓度0.4 mg/ml，纯度~70%)。结论:在哺乳动物细胞内，重组全长EBOV GP主要以跨膜蛋白(tGP)表达，而ECD GP则被洗脱到培养基中。这两种重组形式的GP对于快速诊断测试(RDTs)的研发至关重要。

{"title":"Cloning, Expression and Purification of Recombinant Forms of Full Length and Extracellular Domain EBOV Glycoprotein within Mammalian Cell-Lines","authors":"M. Wayengera, Peace Babirye, Carol Musubika, S. Kirimunda, M. Joloba","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.19.11.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.19.11.187","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Full length Ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP) intersperses the outer most lipid membrane to form spikes, where it mediates virus-host cell interaction. A secretory form of GP (sGP) is also produced by all 5 known Ebolavirus species. These attributes make GP an ideal target for research and development (R and D) of Ebolavirus and possibly pan-filovirus targeted Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs), bio-therapeutics and vaccines. Prior cloning of recombinant Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) GP has majorly used insect (baculovirus ) expression systems. We report the cloning, expression and purification of the full length and extracellular domain (ECD) forms of recombinant EBOV GP in mammalian cell-lines. Methods and results: 2034 and 1956 base-pair (bp) coding DNA sequences corresponding to the 669 and 643 amino acids (aa) residues of full length and ECD forms of EBOV GP were sub-cloned into the pTGE plasmids. Recombinant pTGE-plasmids were used to transfect 293-6E HEK mammalian cells grown in serum-free FreeStyleTM 293 Expression Medium. Cell lysates and or culture supernatants were used to obtain purified protein, followed by analysis on SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Purified full length GP was detected as membrane bound protein in cell lysates with estimated molecular weight of ~100 kDa (Cal.M.W.~71.67 kDa) on Western blot; and 0.02 mg GP (Concentration: 0.2 mg/mL, Purity: ~50%) derived. On the contrary, ECD GP was detected in supernatants of cell culture broth with estimated molecular weights of ~116 kDa based on SDS-PAGE and Western blot; and 1.6 mg (Concentration: 0.4 mg/ml, Purity: ~70%) of GP_ECD was obtained. Conclusion: Within mammalian cells, recombinant full length EBOV GP is predominantly expressed as transmembrane protein (tGP), while ECD GP is eluted into the culture medium. Both recombinant forms of GP are critical for the R and D of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs).","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73819624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antiviral Immunity Evoked Post Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Infection and Vaccination 口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)感染和接种后引起的抗病毒免疫

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.19.11.185

Anuj Tewari, B. Jain

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an important transboundary disease of domestic and wild cloven hoofed animals. Both, innate and adaptive immunity play an important role in combating FMDV infection. Interferons, CD4+ helper cells and CD8+ cells are the key factors in developing anti-FMDV immunity inside host’s body. In this review a detail of FMDV pathogenesis and anti-FMDV immunity has been discussed in detail.

口蹄疫是一种重要的跨界家畜和野生偶蹄动物疾病。先天免疫和适应性免疫都在对抗FMDV感染中发挥重要作用。干扰素、CD4+辅助细胞和CD8+细胞是宿主体内产生抗fmdv免疫的关键因子。本文就FMDV的发病机制和抗FMDV免疫作一综述。

引用次数: 2

The Botanical Glycoside Oleandrin Inhibits Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 Infectivity and Env-Dependent Virological Synapse Formation. 植物糖苷夹竹桃素抑制人t细胞白血病病毒1型感染和环境依赖的病毒学突触形成。

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Epub Date: 2019-08-21 DOI: 10.35248/1948-5964.19.11.184

Tetiana Hutchison, Laçin Yapindi, Aditi Malu, Robert A Newman, K Jagannadha Sastry, Robert Harrod

At present, there are no antiretroviral drugs that inhibit incorporation of the envelope glycoprotein into newly-synthesized virus particles. The botanical glycoside, oleandrin, derived from extracts of Nerium oleander, has previously been shown to reduce the levels of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) particles and inhibit HIV-1 infectivity in vitro. We therefore tested whether oleandrin or an extract from N. oleander could also inhibit the infectivity of the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1): A related enveloped retrovirus and emerging tropical infectious agent. The treatment of HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cells with either oleandrin or a N. oleander extract did not significantly inhibit viral replication or the release of p19^Gag-containing particles into the culture supernatants. However, the collected virus particles from treated cells exhibited reduced infectivity on primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMCs). Unlike HIV-1, extracellular HTLV-1 particles are poorly infectious and viral transmission typically occurs via direct intercellular interactions across a virological synapse. We therefore investigated whether oleandrin or a N. oleander extract could inhibit virus transmission from a GFP-expressing HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cell-line to huPBMCs in co-culture assays. These results demonstrated that both oleandrin and the crude phytoextract inhibited the formation of virological synapses and the transmission of HTLV-1 in vitro. Importantly, these findings suggest oleandrin may have broad antiviral activity against enveloped viruses by reducing the incorporation of the envelope glycoprotein into mature particles, a stage of the infection cycle not targeted by modern HAART.

目前，还没有抗逆转录病毒药物能够抑制包膜糖蛋白与新合成的病毒颗粒的结合。从夹竹桃Nerium oleander提取物中提取的植物糖苷夹竹桃素，先前已被证明可以降低人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)颗粒上gp120包膜糖蛋白的水平，并在体外抑制HIV-1的传染性。因此，我们测试了夹竹桃素或夹竹桃提取物是否也能抑制人类t细胞白血病病毒1型(HTLV-1)的传染性，HTLV-1是一种相关的包膜逆转录病毒和新兴的热带感染因子。夹竹桃素或夹竹桃提取物对HTLV-1+淋巴瘤t细胞的处理没有显著抑制病毒复制或含有p19gag的颗粒释放到培养上清液中。然而，从处理细胞中收集的病毒颗粒对人外周血单核细胞(huPBMCs)的感染性降低。与HIV-1不同，细胞外HTLV-1颗粒传染性较差，病毒传播通常通过病毒学突触的直接细胞间相互作用发生。因此，我们在共培养实验中研究了夹竹桃素或夹竹桃提取物是否能抑制病毒从表达gfp的HTLV-1+淋巴瘤t细胞系向huPBMCs的传播。结果表明，夹竹桃素和粗提取物均能抑制HTLV-1在体外的传播和病毒学突触的形成。重要的是，这些发现表明夹竹桃素可能通过减少包膜糖蛋白与成熟颗粒的结合而对包膜病毒具有广泛的抗病毒活性，成熟颗粒是感染周期的一个阶段，而现代HAART并不针对这一阶段。

{"title":"The Botanical Glycoside Oleandrin Inhibits Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 Infectivity and Env-Dependent Virological Synapse Formation.","authors":"Tetiana Hutchison, Laçin Yapindi, Aditi Malu, Robert A Newman, K Jagannadha Sastry, Robert Harrod","doi":"10.35248/1948-5964.19.11.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/1948-5964.19.11.184","url":null,"abstract":"At present, there are no antiretroviral drugs that inhibit incorporation of the envelope glycoprotein into newly-synthesized virus particles. The botanical glycoside, oleandrin, derived from extracts of Nerium oleander, has previously been shown to reduce the levels of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein on human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) particles and inhibit HIV-1 infectivity in vitro. We therefore tested whether oleandrin or an extract from N. oleander could also inhibit the infectivity of the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1): A related enveloped retrovirus and emerging tropical infectious agent. The treatment of HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cells with either oleandrin or a N. oleander extract did not significantly inhibit viral replication or the release of p19Gag-containing particles into the culture supernatants. However, the collected virus particles from treated cells exhibited reduced infectivity on primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (huPBMCs). Unlike HIV-1, extracellular HTLV-1 particles are poorly infectious and viral transmission typically occurs via direct intercellular interactions across a virological synapse. We therefore investigated whether oleandrin or a N. oleander extract could inhibit virus transmission from a GFP-expressing HTLV-1+ lymphoma T-cell-line to huPBMCs in co-culture assays. These results demonstrated that both oleandrin and the crude phytoextract inhibited the formation of virological synapses and the transmission of HTLV-1 in vitro. Importantly, these findings suggest oleandrin may have broad antiviral activity against enveloped viruses by reducing the incorporation of the envelope glycoprotein into mature particles, a stage of the infection cycle not targeted by modern HAART.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6904119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37447112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Cerebellar Ataxia in HIV Patient due to Suspected Efavirenz Associated Neurotoxicity 疑似依非韦伦相关神经毒性引起的HIV患者小脑共济失调

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5964.1000180

R. Chawla, S. An, A. Chatterjee

Objective: To report a rare presentation of efavirenz associated cerebellar ataxia in a patient of HIV/AIDS. Background: A 35-year-old gentleman presented with one week history of acute onset cerebellar atxaia. Neurological examination revealed scanning speech, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, gait ataxia and irrelevant talking. No sensory or motor deficit was present. Patient was a known case of Pulmonary kochs and HIV AIDS, already on antiretroviral and anti-tubercular treatment. Patient was taking Efavirenz 600 mg daily along with Tenofovir and Lamivudine for HIV. No abnormality was found on MRI brain with contrast. Chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography was normal. CD4 count was 520 cells/microlitre. CSF examination revealed mildly elevated protein (62 mg/dl), normal sugar (68 mg/dl) and normal cell count. CSF for AFB, bacterial culture, GenXpert, fungal culture, India ink was negative. Discussion and Conclusion: For a known case of HIV AIDS on antiretroviral treatment, in the absence of any structural abnormality on MRI brain, a possibility of cerebellar dysfunction as a result of efavirenz associated neurotoxic side effect can be considered.

目的:报道一例罕见的依非韦伦相关小脑性共济失调的HIV/AIDS患者。背景:一位35岁的男士，有1周的急性小脑性共济失调病史。神经学检查显示扫描性言语、韵律障碍、运动障碍、步态共济失调和无关性说话。无感觉或运动障碍。患者是已知的肺科赫斯和艾滋病毒艾滋病病例，已接受抗逆转录病毒和抗结核治疗。患者每天服用依非韦伦600毫克，同时服用替诺福韦和拉米夫定治疗HIV。MRI脑造影未见异常。胸片和腹部超声检查正常。CD4计数520个细胞/微升。脑脊液检查显示蛋白轻度升高(62 mg/dl)，糖正常(68 mg/dl)，细胞计数正常。脑脊液AFB、细菌培养、GenXpert、真菌培养、墨汁阴性。讨论与结论:对于已知的接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV艾滋病患者，在MRI未见任何脑结构异常的情况下，可以考虑依非韦伦相关神经毒性副作用导致小脑功能障碍的可能性。

{"title":"Cerebellar Ataxia in HIV Patient due to Suspected Efavirenz Associated Neurotoxicity","authors":"R. Chawla, S. An, A. Chatterjee","doi":"10.4172/1948-5964.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5964.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To report a rare presentation of efavirenz associated cerebellar ataxia in a patient of HIV/AIDS. Background: A 35-year-old gentleman presented with one week history of acute onset cerebellar atxaia. Neurological examination revealed scanning speech, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, gait ataxia and irrelevant talking. No sensory or motor deficit was present. Patient was a known case of Pulmonary kochs and HIV AIDS, already on antiretroviral and anti-tubercular treatment. Patient was taking Efavirenz 600 mg daily along with Tenofovir and Lamivudine for HIV. No abnormality was found on MRI brain with contrast. Chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasonography was normal. CD4 count was 520 cells/microlitre. CSF examination revealed mildly elevated protein (62 mg/dl), normal sugar (68 mg/dl) and normal cell count. CSF for AFB, bacterial culture, GenXpert, fungal culture, India ink was negative. Discussion and Conclusion: For a known case of HIV AIDS on antiretroviral treatment, in the absence of any structural abnormality on MRI brain, a possibility of cerebellar dysfunction as a result of efavirenz associated neurotoxic side effect can be considered.","PeriodicalId":15020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82066506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

首页上一页

下一页尾页

类型

全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals

全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.

﹀