Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-103-104
A. Editorial
20 мая 2022 г. в стенах Российского национального исследовательского медицинского университета им. Н.И. Пирогова состоялся VI Пленум Правления Научного медицинского общества анатомов, гистологов и эмбриологов России.
{"title":"VI Plenum of the Board of the Scientific Medical Society of Anatomists, Histologists and Embryologists of Russia","authors":"A. Editorial","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-103-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-103-104","url":null,"abstract":"20 мая 2022 г. в стенах Российского национального исследовательского медицинского университета им. Н.И. Пирогова состоялся VI Пленум Правления Научного медицинского общества анатомов, гистологов и эмбриологов России.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77415280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-52-61
T. Rumyantseva, L. S. Agadzhanova, V. Varentsov, D. Pozhilov, T. S. Dashyan, A. Kiselev
The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological features of nNOS-positive (nNOS-IR) neurons in the dorsolateral cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemispheres in albino rats during 180 days of postnatal development.Material and methods. The study was performed on 40 outbred white Wistar rats of different ages, from 1 to 180 days. The object of the study was an area of the right cerebral hemisphere on the dorsolateral surface near the frontal pole (neocortex). On paraffin serial sections of the frontal lobe, an immunohistochemical reaction was performed with antibodies to nNOS and a detection system with horseradish peroxidase. Neuronal morphometry was performed by microphotographs using the ImageJ-Fiji (NIH) 1.51h program, measuring the sectional area of the neuron body, the area of the nucleus, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and the intensity of the reaction.The significance of differences was assessed by paired Student's t-test.Results. It was found that in mature rats in the frontal lobe cortex nNOS-IR was detected in large multi-polar cells with high activity of the enzyme located in the supragranular layers, spindle-shaped cells with long positive processes at the border with the white matter (type 1), and two varieties of low-positive neurons – accumulations in the VI layer and single ones in other layers (type 2). Polymorphism of nNOS-IR neurons manifests from the birth, but it was possible to distinguish all subpopulations only from the 21st day. Each subpopulation is distinguished by its own age dynamics of the studied parameters and the nature of the distribution of positivity. In addition, in 3–7 day old rat pups, numerous small neurons at the border of the cortex and white matter have transient immunoreactivity.Conclusion. Thus, the division of nNOS-IR neurons into two morphological types proposed in the works of predecessors does not correspond to the number of subpopulations that could be described in the dorsolateral region of the prefrontal cortex in rats. This diversity of nNOS-IR neurons is consistent with the numerous functions described for nitric oxide. For an objective characterization of various classes of nNOS-IR cortical interneurons, it is necessary to use additional data obtained from transcriptomic, histological, electrophysiological, and functional experiments, taking into account species, topographic, and age features. Only an extended approach will make it possible to selectively influence different types of cells and reasonably interpret the results of experimental studies.
{"title":"Age specific features of nNOS immunoreactive neurons in rat neocortex","authors":"T. Rumyantseva, L. S. Agadzhanova, V. Varentsov, D. Pozhilov, T. S. Dashyan, A. Kiselev","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-52-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-52-61","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological features of nNOS-positive (nNOS-IR) neurons in the dorsolateral cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebral hemispheres in albino rats during 180 days of postnatal development.Material and methods. The study was performed on 40 outbred white Wistar rats of different ages, from 1 to 180 days. The object of the study was an area of the right cerebral hemisphere on the dorsolateral surface near the frontal pole (neocortex). On paraffin serial sections of the frontal lobe, an immunohistochemical reaction was performed with antibodies to nNOS and a detection system with horseradish peroxidase. Neuronal morphometry was performed by microphotographs using the ImageJ-Fiji (NIH) 1.51h program, measuring the sectional area of the neuron body, the area of the nucleus, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, and the intensity of the reaction.The significance of differences was assessed by paired Student's t-test.Results. It was found that in mature rats in the frontal lobe cortex nNOS-IR was detected in large multi-polar cells with high activity of the enzyme located in the supragranular layers, spindle-shaped cells with long positive processes at the border with the white matter (type 1), and two varieties of low-positive neurons – accumulations in the VI layer and single ones in other layers (type 2). Polymorphism of nNOS-IR neurons manifests from the birth, but it was possible to distinguish all subpopulations only from the 21st day. Each subpopulation is distinguished by its own age dynamics of the studied parameters and the nature of the distribution of positivity. In addition, in 3–7 day old rat pups, numerous small neurons at the border of the cortex and white matter have transient immunoreactivity.Conclusion. Thus, the division of nNOS-IR neurons into two morphological types proposed in the works of predecessors does not correspond to the number of subpopulations that could be described in the dorsolateral region of the prefrontal cortex in rats. This diversity of nNOS-IR neurons is consistent with the numerous functions described for nitric oxide. For an objective characterization of various classes of nNOS-IR cortical interneurons, it is necessary to use additional data obtained from transcriptomic, histological, electrophysiological, and functional experiments, taking into account species, topographic, and age features. Only an extended approach will make it possible to selectively influence different types of cells and reasonably interpret the results of experimental studies.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84487877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-9-14
N. Alexeeva, O. T. Devonaev, S. Klochkova, D. A. Sokolov, D. Nikityuk
The aim of the investigation was to study the macro-microscopic features of the structure and quantitative indicators of the lymphoid nodules of the female urethra in postnatal ontogenesis.Material and methods. The topography, number and size of lymphoid nodules in the urethral wall from corpses of 63 women of different age groups were studied by macro-microscopy using binocular stereomicroscope MBS-9 after elective staining with Harris hematoxylin. The material was fixed in a 10% formalin solution. The preparations were photographed and the area of lymphoid nodules was measured in the ImageJ program. For statistical data processing, parametric statistics methods based on the Statistica 6.0 program were used. Statistical data processing included the calculation of arithmetic averages, their errors, and the analysis of the amplitude of the variation series of each indicator.Results. The maximum number of lymphoid nodules in the urethra in early childhood corresponds to the idea of the largest total number of lymphoid cells, the severity of lymphoid tissue in the first years of life. The density of lymphoid nodules is maximum in the 1st period of childhood (9,5–10,5 nodules), and then decreases sequentially. In senile age, compared with the 1st period of childhood, the density of localization of lymphoid nodules decreases in the walls of the upper third of the urethra by 1.7 times (p< 0.05), the middle and lower thirds of the organ - by 1.2 times (p<0.05) and the urethra as a whole – by 1.3 times (p<0.05). The amplitude of the variation series (differences between individual maximum and minimum) of the density of the location of lymphoid nodules, according to our data, does not change significantly during postnatal ontogenesis. The size of the lymphoid nodule during postnatal ontogenesis is maximal in the 1st period of childhood. Further, the value of this indicator decreases and reaches a minimum in old age and in centenarians.Conclusion. The study showed that lymphoid tissue in the urethral wall is at different stages of morphogenetic maturity, lymphoid nodules are found, which, as is known, are considered to be a more functionally mature stage of lymphoid tissue development. The values of the density of the location of lymphoid nodules throughout the female urethra in postnatal ontogenesis change slightly, the minimum number of them is observed in old age and the period of longevity, the maximum does not actually change.
{"title":"Macro-microscopic features of the structure of lymphoid nodules in the wall of the female urethra","authors":"N. Alexeeva, O. T. Devonaev, S. Klochkova, D. A. Sokolov, D. Nikityuk","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-9-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-9-14","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the investigation was to study the macro-microscopic features of the structure and quantitative indicators of the lymphoid nodules of the female urethra in postnatal ontogenesis.Material and methods. The topography, number and size of lymphoid nodules in the urethral wall from corpses of 63 women of different age groups were studied by macro-microscopy using binocular stereomicroscope MBS-9 after elective staining with Harris hematoxylin. The material was fixed in a 10% formalin solution. The preparations were photographed and the area of lymphoid nodules was measured in the ImageJ program. For statistical data processing, parametric statistics methods based on the Statistica 6.0 program were used. Statistical data processing included the calculation of arithmetic averages, their errors, and the analysis of the amplitude of the variation series of each indicator.Results. The maximum number of lymphoid nodules in the urethra in early childhood corresponds to the idea of the largest total number of lymphoid cells, the severity of lymphoid tissue in the first years of life. The density of lymphoid nodules is maximum in the 1st period of childhood (9,5–10,5 nodules), and then decreases sequentially. In senile age, compared with the 1st period of childhood, the density of localization of lymphoid nodules decreases in the walls of the upper third of the urethra by 1.7 times (p< 0.05), the middle and lower thirds of the organ - by 1.2 times (p<0.05) and the urethra as a whole – by 1.3 times (p<0.05). The amplitude of the variation series (differences between individual maximum and minimum) of the density of the location of lymphoid nodules, according to our data, does not change significantly during postnatal ontogenesis. The size of the lymphoid nodule during postnatal ontogenesis is maximal in the 1st period of childhood. Further, the value of this indicator decreases and reaches a minimum in old age and in centenarians.Conclusion. The study showed that lymphoid tissue in the urethral wall is at different stages of morphogenetic maturity, lymphoid nodules are found, which, as is known, are considered to be a more functionally mature stage of lymphoid tissue development. The values of the density of the location of lymphoid nodules throughout the female urethra in postnatal ontogenesis change slightly, the minimum number of them is observed in old age and the period of longevity, the maximum does not actually change.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77921440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-78-86
N. Fisenko
The cornea is a highly organized, transparent part of fibrous tunic of an eyeball. It acts as the primary infectious and structural barrier of the eye. The cornea is the major refractive element of an adult eye. It consists of epithelium, Bowman's membrane, stroma, Descemet's membrane and endothelium. Although the normal human cornea is avascular, it is supplied via perilimbal blood vessels, the aqueous humor (AqH) and tear film. Afferent innervation to the cornea is provided by long ciliary nerves, which form subepithelial and subbasal nerve plexus. Epithelium is a stratified, non-keratinizing squamous layer that consists of various cell types. Epithelial cells are connected to each other by zonula adherens, and to the basement membrane via hemidesmosomes. Bowman's membrane is composed of randomly-oriented type I and V collagen fibrils and anchoring type IV and VII collagen fibrils. The stroma consists of cells (principally keratocytes) and distinct lamella formed by collagen fibers, proteoglycans, elastin and glycoproteins. Descemet's membrane is a basal membrane, secreted by endothelial cells. It is a network organized by type VIII collagen molecules, which modulate the passage of growth factors, cytokines and nutrients from the AqH into the corneal stroma and backward. Corneal endothelium is a monolayer of hexagonal cells tightly adherent to one another. In vivo endothelial cells are arrested in G1-phase of cell cycle. The endothelium forms a physiological barrier between the nutrient-rich AqH and the corneal stroma. Tight and gap cell junctions and dynamic pump-leak system maintains corneal deturgescence and permit sufficient nutrient delivery into the stroma and epithelium. Disruption of the endothelial cells results in corneal edema. Modern non-contact real-time imaging of the cornea include specular microscopy, optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy. These methods can help to visualize corneal layers (during keratorefractive surgery, pre- and postoperative periods), detect localization and etiology of pathological changes.
{"title":"Cornea: anatomical and functional features, new methods of in vivo diagnostics of abnormalities","authors":"N. Fisenko","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-78-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-78-86","url":null,"abstract":"The cornea is a highly organized, transparent part of fibrous tunic of an eyeball. It acts as the primary infectious and structural barrier of the eye. The cornea is the major refractive element of an adult eye. It consists of epithelium, Bowman's membrane, stroma, Descemet's membrane and endothelium. Although the normal human cornea is avascular, it is supplied via perilimbal blood vessels, the aqueous humor (AqH) and tear film. Afferent innervation to the cornea is provided by long ciliary nerves, which form subepithelial and subbasal nerve plexus. Epithelium is a stratified, non-keratinizing squamous layer that consists of various cell types. Epithelial cells are connected to each other by zonula adherens, and to the basement membrane via hemidesmosomes. Bowman's membrane is composed of randomly-oriented type I and V collagen fibrils and anchoring type IV and VII collagen fibrils. The stroma consists of cells (principally keratocytes) and distinct lamella formed by collagen fibers, proteoglycans, elastin and glycoproteins. Descemet's membrane is a basal membrane, secreted by endothelial cells. It is a network organized by type VIII collagen molecules, which modulate the passage of growth factors, cytokines and nutrients from the AqH into the corneal stroma and backward. Corneal endothelium is a monolayer of hexagonal cells tightly adherent to one another. In vivo endothelial cells are arrested in G1-phase of cell cycle. The endothelium forms a physiological barrier between the nutrient-rich AqH and the corneal stroma. Tight and gap cell junctions and dynamic pump-leak system maintains corneal deturgescence and permit sufficient nutrient delivery into the stroma and epithelium. Disruption of the endothelial cells results in corneal edema. Modern non-contact real-time imaging of the cornea include specular microscopy, optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy. These methods can help to visualize corneal layers (during keratorefractive surgery, pre- and postoperative periods), detect localization and etiology of pathological changes.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83669315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-37-42
O. Karymov, S. Kalashnikova, A. A. Vorob'ev
Tattoo or artificial violation of the skin integrity by the dye impregnation with a piercing (rarely cutting) instrument, originally used for cult purposes, has recently shifted from the criminal environment to the youth society, becoming a popular element of the subculture among the youth. Our previous study has evidenced that this phenomenon has complications caused by both traumas to the skin and side effects of tattoo dyes, about which tattoo parlor clients are not informed.The aim of the study was to characterize morphological changes in the skin under tattoo exposure in experimental animals and humans.Material and methods. The experimental study included 40 white nonlinear rats (30 experimental, 10 control). The animals of the experimental group were tattooed with black pigment. The animals were removed from the experiment in 7, 14, and 21 days. The clinical block of the study included 52 cases of patients with complaints of unsatisfactory tattoo appearance, skin itching, edema. Histological examination involved 52 skin fragments with tattoo.Results. The results obtained demonstrated that in experimental tattoo staged changes in the macro- and microanatomical structure of the skin were observed: the inflammatory stage was replaced by a stage of incomplete phagocytosis with subsequent integration of a pigment into the reticular layer of the dermis. In clinical practice, the development of post-tattoo complications can occur at all stages: from the development of infectious-allergic reactions and granulomatous inflammation to the development of neoplastic processes.Conclusion. In uncomplicated tattoo, this process should be considered latent, its duration depends on the individual features of a person. In adverse effects of endo- and exogenous factors, late post-tattoo complications may occur.
{"title":"Does the structure of the skin change after tattooing?","authors":"O. Karymov, S. Kalashnikova, A. A. Vorob'ev","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-37-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-37-42","url":null,"abstract":"Tattoo or artificial violation of the skin integrity by the dye impregnation with a piercing (rarely cutting) instrument, originally used for cult purposes, has recently shifted from the criminal environment to the youth society, becoming a popular element of the subculture among the youth. Our previous study has evidenced that this phenomenon has complications caused by both traumas to the skin and side effects of tattoo dyes, about which tattoo parlor clients are not informed.The aim of the study was to characterize morphological changes in the skin under tattoo exposure in experimental animals and humans.Material and methods. The experimental study included 40 white nonlinear rats (30 experimental, 10 control). The animals of the experimental group were tattooed with black pigment. The animals were removed from the experiment in 7, 14, and 21 days. The clinical block of the study included 52 cases of patients with complaints of unsatisfactory tattoo appearance, skin itching, edema. Histological examination involved 52 skin fragments with tattoo.Results. The results obtained demonstrated that in experimental tattoo staged changes in the macro- and microanatomical structure of the skin were observed: the inflammatory stage was replaced by a stage of incomplete phagocytosis with subsequent integration of a pigment into the reticular layer of the dermis. In clinical practice, the development of post-tattoo complications can occur at all stages: from the development of infectious-allergic reactions and granulomatous inflammation to the development of neoplastic processes.Conclusion. In uncomplicated tattoo, this process should be considered latent, its duration depends on the individual features of a person. In adverse effects of endo- and exogenous factors, late post-tattoo complications may occur.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84592780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-43-51
L. M. Makar'eva, M. Korzhuk, V. A. Akulinin, S. Stepanov, A. Y. Shoronova, D. Avdeev
The aim of research was to study changes in neurons, gliocytes and structures of the interneuronal communication system (dendrites, terminals) of the mature white rat sensorimotor cortex (SMC) layer V after the common carotid artery (CCA) bilateral ligation.Material and methods. Acute/chronic incomplete cerebral ischemia was simulated in white Wistar rats by the CCA bilateral ligation. The brain was fixed by perfusion. A comparative histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric evaluation of the related structures in the norm (n=6), and in 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days after the common carotid artery bilateral ligation (n=30) was carried out. Nissl and hematoxylin-eosin stains, immunohistochemical reactions for NSE, MAP-2, p38, GFAP and IBA1 were used. The numerical density of pyramidal neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microgliocytes and the relative area of p38-positive material (synapse terminals) were determined. Statistical hypotheses were tested by nonparametric methods using Statistica 8.0 program.Results. CCA bilateral ligation led to the appearance of destructively altered dark, hypochromic, vacuolated neurons and shadow cells in layer V of the SMC. These changes were accompanied by a decreased overall numerical density of pyramidal neurons, hyperhydration of the neuropil (processes of dendrites, astrocytes, and synapses), and a pronounced reaction (hypertrophy, proliferation) of all neuroglial cell types. One day after the CCA bilateral ligation, the appearance of neurons with both reversible and irreversible changes was accompanied by an increase in the layer V relative area of edema-swelling zones in the neuropil of the rat SMC up to 14.5 (10.6– 16.4) %, in control – 7.2 (6.9–7.5) %. The maximum content of destructively altered neurons (25%) was found in the rat SMC layer V one day after ischemia. The total number density of neurons in layer V of the SMC decreased by 27.9% after 30 days (Mann–Whitney U Test; p=0.0001). In the areas of damaged neuron accumulation, the content of astrocytes, microgliocytes, and oligodendrocytes increased. The neuroglial index in the control group was 1.30; it was 1.37 in 3 days, it was 1.50 in 7 days, it was 1.63 in 14 days, and it was 1.30 in 30 days. The maximum increase in the number density of microgliocytes was noted after 1 day (Mann–Whitney U Test; p=0.001), oligodendrocytes – 7 days after CCA ligation (Mann–Whitney U Test; p=0.02). According to the data of immunohistochemical typing of p38, two peaks of the relative area of the terminals were revealed: in the acute period (days 1 and 3) and after 30 days. These quantitative changes were first associated with an increase (on the 1st and 3rd day) and then a decrease in the degree of the neuropil hydration. Negative statistically significant strong correlations were detected in 3 days (R=-0.90) and 7 days (R=-0.70) after CCA ligation. This can be explained by hydropic changes in the terminals (destruction of synapses according to the light type
本研究旨在研究成熟大鼠双侧颈总动脉结扎后感觉运动皮层(SMC) V层神经元、胶质细胞及神经元间通讯系统(树突、末梢)结构的变化。材料和方法。采用CCA双侧结扎法模拟白Wistar大鼠急性/慢性不完全性脑缺血。脑灌注固定。对正常(n=6)和双侧颈总动脉结扎后1、3、7、14和30天(n=30)相关结构进行比较组织学、免疫组织化学和形态计量学评价。采用尼氏染色和苏木精-伊红染色，对NSE、MAP-2、p38、GFAP和IBA1进行免疫组化反应。测定锥体神经元、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、小胶质细胞的数量密度和p38阳性物质(突触末端)的相对面积。使用Statistica 8.0程序采用非参数方法对统计假设进行检验。CCA双侧结扎导致SMC V层出现破坏性改变的黑色、低色、空泡化神经元和阴影细胞。这些变化伴随着锥体神经元的总体数值密度下降，神经细胞(树突、星形胶质细胞和突触的过程)的过度水合，以及所有神经胶质细胞类型的明显反应(肥大、增殖)。CCA双侧结扎1天后，出现可逆和不可逆变化的神经元，同时大鼠SMC神经膜水肿肿胀区V层相对面积增加14.5(10.6 - 16.4)%，对照组为7.2(6.9-7.5)%。在缺血后第1天，大鼠SMC第V层的破坏性改变神经元含量最高(25%)。30天后，大鼠神经细胞内第V层神经元总数密度下降27.9% (Mann-Whitney U Test;p = 0.0001)。在受损神经元聚集区，星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞的含量增加。对照组神经胶质指数为1.30;3天为1.37,7天为1.50,14天为1.63,30天为1.30。小胶质细胞的数量密度在1天后达到最大值(Mann-Whitney U Test;p=0.001)，少突胶质细胞- CCA结扎后7天(Mann-Whitney U检验;p = 0.02)。p38免疫组化分型数据显示，急性期(第1、3天)和急性期(第30天)出现两个终末相对面积峰。这些定量变化首先与神经pil水化程度的增加(第1天和第3天)相关，然后降低。CCA结扎后第3天(R=-0.90)和第7天(R=-0.70)出现负统计学意义的强相关。这可以用末端的水力变化来解释(根据光类型破坏突触)。与对照组(157500±20500 / 1 mm2)相比，大鼠V层CCA结扎后3天神经末梢总数值密度下降至102300±19400(下降35.0%)，30天后部分恢复至135000±27100(24.4%)。因此，CCA结扎导致大鼠V层神经元间通讯结构的破坏性和代偿性-恢复性变化，这与保存大量锥体神经元和神经胶质关系的代偿性重组有关。
{"title":"Neuroglial relationships and structures of interneuronal communication of the white rat sensorimotor cortex layer v after the common carotid artery ligation","authors":"L. M. Makar'eva, M. Korzhuk, V. A. Akulinin, S. Stepanov, A. Y. Shoronova, D. Avdeev","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-43-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-43-51","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of research was to study changes in neurons, gliocytes and structures of the interneuronal communication system (dendrites, terminals) of the mature white rat sensorimotor cortex (SMC) layer V after the common carotid artery (CCA) bilateral ligation.Material and methods. Acute/chronic incomplete cerebral ischemia was simulated in white Wistar rats by the CCA bilateral ligation. The brain was fixed by perfusion. A comparative histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric evaluation of the related structures in the norm (n=6), and in 1, 3, 7, 14 and 30 days after the common carotid artery bilateral ligation (n=30) was carried out. Nissl and hematoxylin-eosin stains, immunohistochemical reactions for NSE, MAP-2, p38, GFAP and IBA1 were used. The numerical density of pyramidal neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microgliocytes and the relative area of p38-positive material (synapse terminals) were determined. Statistical hypotheses were tested by nonparametric methods using Statistica 8.0 program.Results. CCA bilateral ligation led to the appearance of destructively altered dark, hypochromic, vacuolated neurons and shadow cells in layer V of the SMC. These changes were accompanied by a decreased overall numerical density of pyramidal neurons, hyperhydration of the neuropil (processes of dendrites, astrocytes, and synapses), and a pronounced reaction (hypertrophy, proliferation) of all neuroglial cell types. One day after the CCA bilateral ligation, the appearance of neurons with both reversible and irreversible changes was accompanied by an increase in the layer V relative area of edema-swelling zones in the neuropil of the rat SMC up to 14.5 (10.6– 16.4) %, in control – 7.2 (6.9–7.5) %. The maximum content of destructively altered neurons (25%) was found in the rat SMC layer V one day after ischemia. The total number density of neurons in layer V of the SMC decreased by 27.9% after 30 days (Mann–Whitney U Test; p=0.0001). In the areas of damaged neuron accumulation, the content of astrocytes, microgliocytes, and oligodendrocytes increased. The neuroglial index in the control group was 1.30; it was 1.37 in 3 days, it was 1.50 in 7 days, it was 1.63 in 14 days, and it was 1.30 in 30 days. The maximum increase in the number density of microgliocytes was noted after 1 day (Mann–Whitney U Test; p=0.001), oligodendrocytes – 7 days after CCA ligation (Mann–Whitney U Test; p=0.02). According to the data of immunohistochemical typing of p38, two peaks of the relative area of the terminals were revealed: in the acute period (days 1 and 3) and after 30 days. These quantitative changes were first associated with an increase (on the 1st and 3rd day) and then a decrease in the degree of the neuropil hydration. Negative statistically significant strong correlations were detected in 3 days (R=-0.90) and 7 days (R=-0.70) after CCA ligation. This can be explained by hydropic changes in the terminals (destruction of synapses according to the light type","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75950300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-27-36
D. A. Devyatirikov, I. Putalova, O. Grinenko, N. Sidenko, S. N. Shirochenko, A. Artyukhov, D. V. Zemkayus
The aim of the study was to compare the cephalometric and somatometric parameters of boys and girls aged 18-20 to reveal features of the anthropometry of the youth population of the Omsk city.Material and methods. There was performed an anthropometric examination of 140 people aged 18 to 20 years (70 boys and 70 girls), Slavic ethnic group. Height, transverse chest diameter, chest circumference, body weight, longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the head, full face height, and zygomatic diameter were measured. To obtain generalized data indices of Rees-Eysenck, Rohrer, Quetelet II, Pignet, the head index and the facial index according to Garson were calculated. The data obtained were statistically processed.Results. According to our data, the average height of boys was 180,49±0,73 cm, body weight – 77,28±1,65 kg, average height of girls – 165,79±0,79 cm, body weight – 59,25±1,15 kg. Normosthenic type (44%) prevailed in boys, and asthenic (53%) somatotype prevailed in girls (according to the Rees–Eysenck index). Individuals of both sexes were more likely to have harmonious (57 and 72%, respectively) physical development (according to the Rohrer index). According to the M.V. Chernorutsky index, hypersthenic (44%) somatotype prevailed in boys, and normosthenic (66%) somatotype prevailed in girls. Cephalometry demonstrated that mesocephalic head shape (54%) was more commonly determined in boys, and brachycephalic (50%) head shape - in girls, while euryprosopia was typical for people of both sexes (50% of cases in boys and 63% in girls).Conclusion. The study determined and evaluated typical features of anthropometric data (head shape, face, somatotype) of boys and girls aged 18 – 20 years of the Omsk city.
{"title":"Anthropometric parameters in boys and girls of the Omsk city","authors":"D. A. Devyatirikov, I. Putalova, O. Grinenko, N. Sidenko, S. N. Shirochenko, A. Artyukhov, D. V. Zemkayus","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-27-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-27-36","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to compare the cephalometric and somatometric parameters of boys and girls aged 18-20 to reveal features of the anthropometry of the youth population of the Omsk city.Material and methods. There was performed an anthropometric examination of 140 people aged 18 to 20 years (70 boys and 70 girls), Slavic ethnic group. Height, transverse chest diameter, chest circumference, body weight, longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the head, full face height, and zygomatic diameter were measured. To obtain generalized data indices of Rees-Eysenck, Rohrer, Quetelet II, Pignet, the head index and the facial index according to Garson were calculated. The data obtained were statistically processed.Results. According to our data, the average height of boys was 180,49±0,73 cm, body weight – 77,28±1,65 kg, average height of girls – 165,79±0,79 cm, body weight – 59,25±1,15 kg. Normosthenic type (44%) prevailed in boys, and asthenic (53%) somatotype prevailed in girls (according to the Rees–Eysenck index). Individuals of both sexes were more likely to have harmonious (57 and 72%, respectively) physical development (according to the Rohrer index). According to the M.V. Chernorutsky index, hypersthenic (44%) somatotype prevailed in boys, and normosthenic (66%) somatotype prevailed in girls. Cephalometry demonstrated that mesocephalic head shape (54%) was more commonly determined in boys, and brachycephalic (50%) head shape - in girls, while euryprosopia was typical for people of both sexes (50% of cases in boys and 63% in girls).Conclusion. The study determined and evaluated typical features of anthropometric data (head shape, face, somatotype) of boys and girls aged 18 – 20 years of the Omsk city.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87960667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-62-69
T. I. Shevchenko, A. Borota, D. S. Shvorob, N. D. Al' Yamani, A. Abramyan
Chronic constipation is one of the most urgent problems in modern coloproctology and is observed in 14–16% of the population of developed countries. The causes of chronic constipation vary widely from functional to organic. The latter include various variants of dolichocolon, which occur in 16% of cases.The aim of the study was is to give a morphological and quantitative characteristic of subcompensated dolichocolon based on the morphogenesis of changes, compared with histologically normal colon.Material and methods. Colon tissue samples from 15 people were used, which were divided into two groups. The first, control group consisted of 5 sectional cases of a morphologically normal colon wall. The second group was represented by the surgical material of 10 patients with subcompensated dolichocolon. Observation groups were representative by sex and age.Results. In patients with subcompensated dolichocolon, compared with the control group, the thickness of the mucosa in the colon wall is statistically significantly (p=0.034) reduced by 1.06 times, which indicates atrophy; the thickness of the submucosal layer increases by 1.55 times due to edema with foci of sclerosis (p=0.0001); the thickness of the muscle layer increases by 1.16 times (p=0,0003), because of working hypertrophy and compensatory hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells; at the same time, the number of nerve cells in Auerbach's plexuses decreases by 1.59 times (p=0,0001), which will lead to atrophy of the muscle layer and decrease its evacuator-motor function; the average area of lymphoid follicles increases by 1.35 times (p=0,003) and the percentage of secondary follicles decreases 8 times (p=0,0001), which is a consequence of congestion of intestinal contents and activation of the intestinal lymphoid apparatus.Conclusion. Morphological signs of atrophy and sclerosis changes of the cellular elements of the colon neuromuscular apparatus begin to form at the subcompensated stage of dolichocolon, which requires new objective clinical and morphological indications for surgical treatment of patients in order to prevent the development of decompensation of the patients’ general condition and severe complications.
{"title":"Morphological and morphometric characteristics of the subcompensated dolichocolon","authors":"T. I. Shevchenko, A. Borota, D. S. Shvorob, N. D. Al' Yamani, A. Abramyan","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-62-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-62-69","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic constipation is one of the most urgent problems in modern coloproctology and is observed in 14–16% of the population of developed countries. The causes of chronic constipation vary widely from functional to organic. The latter include various variants of dolichocolon, which occur in 16% of cases.The aim of the study was is to give a morphological and quantitative characteristic of subcompensated dolichocolon based on the morphogenesis of changes, compared with histologically normal colon.Material and methods. Colon tissue samples from 15 people were used, which were divided into two groups. The first, control group consisted of 5 sectional cases of a morphologically normal colon wall. The second group was represented by the surgical material of 10 patients with subcompensated dolichocolon. Observation groups were representative by sex and age.Results. In patients with subcompensated dolichocolon, compared with the control group, the thickness of the mucosa in the colon wall is statistically significantly (p=0.034) reduced by 1.06 times, which indicates atrophy; the thickness of the submucosal layer increases by 1.55 times due to edema with foci of sclerosis (p=0.0001); the thickness of the muscle layer increases by 1.16 times (p=0,0003), because of working hypertrophy and compensatory hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells; at the same time, the number of nerve cells in Auerbach's plexuses decreases by 1.59 times (p=0,0001), which will lead to atrophy of the muscle layer and decrease its evacuator-motor function; the average area of lymphoid follicles increases by 1.35 times (p=0,003) and the percentage of secondary follicles decreases 8 times (p=0,0001), which is a consequence of congestion of intestinal contents and activation of the intestinal lymphoid apparatus.Conclusion. Morphological signs of atrophy and sclerosis changes of the cellular elements of the colon neuromuscular apparatus begin to form at the subcompensated stage of dolichocolon, which requires new objective clinical and morphological indications for surgical treatment of patients in order to prevent the development of decompensation of the patients’ general condition and severe complications.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"245 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89167311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-99-102
A. Chernykh, E. Cherednikov, A. N. Shevtsov, N. Yakusheva, M. Popova
The article is devoted to the first head of the Central Research Laboratory, long-term head of the Department of Operative Surgery with Topographic Anatomy of the Voronezh State Medical Institute (VSMI), Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Vladimir Nikolaevich Gryaznov. V.N. Gryaznov was an excellent teacher and researcher. He was known in the institute staff as a principled, demanding leader, a sympathetic and sensitive comrade, a person with an active life position.
{"title":"In memoriam of Vladimir Nikolaevich Gryaznov: to the 90th anniversary of birth","authors":"A. Chernykh, E. Cherednikov, A. N. Shevtsov, N. Yakusheva, M. Popova","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-99-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-99-102","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the first head of the Central Research Laboratory, long-term head of the Department of Operative Surgery with Topographic Anatomy of the Voronezh State Medical Institute (VSMI), Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Vladimir Nikolaevich Gryaznov. V.N. Gryaznov was an excellent teacher and researcher. He was known in the institute staff as a principled, demanding leader, a sympathetic and sensitive comrade, a person with an active life position.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82063064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-70-77
M. R. Savchuk, I. Plaksa, N. Shved
Despite the rather favorable clinical course of thyroid tumors, the issue of timely and high-quality diagnosis is still relevant. Due to the development of personalized treatment in medicine and the emergence of drugs that target specific mutations, timely detection of these mutations is very important. The pathologist should be focused on the search for certain morphological markers that suggest the presence of certain mutations in tumor cells. To narrow the differential diagnostic search, it is important to know the mechanisms of development of key mutations, mutually exclusive mutations, to have information about the clinical course of the disease. Based on these data, the next step will be more specific diagnostics (IHC, molecular genetic methods). Based on the analysis of literature data, it was possible to identify some distinctive morphological signs that can help the pathologist to suspect the presence of a particular mutation in the tumor. For mutations in the NTRK genes, such signs are the follicular variant of papillary cancer, nuclear pseudo-inclusions, presence of an oncocytic component, metastases, and the absence of a solid component. For the assumption of RAS mutations, attention paid to tumors of the follicular structure with an aggressive clinical course. The young age of the patient, metastases to the lymph nodes, and cancer of the thyroid gland of the classic papillary structure will allow one to assume the presence of a mutation in the RET gene. The BRAF mutation is characterized by specific cellular changes (pseudo-inclusions in the nuclei, the presence of plump cells or cells with sickle-shaped nuclei) in a thyroid cancer with a classic papillary structure.
{"title":"Clinical and morphological features of thyroid tumors with mutations in the NTRK, RAS, BRAF, RET genes","authors":"M. R. Savchuk, I. Plaksa, N. Shved","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-70-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2022-11-2-70-77","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the rather favorable clinical course of thyroid tumors, the issue of timely and high-quality diagnosis is still relevant. Due to the development of personalized treatment in medicine and the emergence of drugs that target specific mutations, timely detection of these mutations is very important. The pathologist should be focused on the search for certain morphological markers that suggest the presence of certain mutations in tumor cells. To narrow the differential diagnostic search, it is important to know the mechanisms of development of key mutations, mutually exclusive mutations, to have information about the clinical course of the disease. Based on these data, the next step will be more specific diagnostics (IHC, molecular genetic methods). Based on the analysis of literature data, it was possible to identify some distinctive morphological signs that can help the pathologist to suspect the presence of a particular mutation in the tumor. For mutations in the NTRK genes, such signs are the follicular variant of papillary cancer, nuclear pseudo-inclusions, presence of an oncocytic component, metastases, and the absence of a solid component. For the assumption of RAS mutations, attention paid to tumors of the follicular structure with an aggressive clinical course. The young age of the patient, metastases to the lymph nodes, and cancer of the thyroid gland of the classic papillary structure will allow one to assume the presence of a mutation in the RET gene. The BRAF mutation is characterized by specific cellular changes (pseudo-inclusions in the nuclei, the presence of plump cells or cells with sickle-shaped nuclei) in a thyroid cancer with a classic papillary structure.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89395566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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