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A case of aberrant right subclavian artery with the development of Bayford–Autenrieth dysphagia 右锁骨下动脉异常伴bayford - autenriths吞咽困难1例
Pub Date : 2023-07-09 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-106-110
A. G. Alekseev, A. V. Maksimov, N. P. Chizhikov, A. A. Poletaeva, D. A. Sokolov, A. A. Shevchenko
   Developmental anomalies of the aortic arch and its large vessels can be accompanied not only by hemodynamic disorders, but also affect the functions of internal organs. This report analyzes the case of an autopsy finding of the right aberrant subclavian artery in an 80-year-old patient, which was clinically manifested by the development of dysphagia and cachexia. An autopsy revealed the absence of the brachiocephalic trunk, which normally originates from the arch of the authors, as well as an abnormal origin of the right subclavian artery from the posterior surface of the aortic arch, 1,1 cm to the left and distal to the orifice of the left subclavian artery. The proximal segment of the abnormal vessel, up to 1,0 cm in diameter, was located between the spinal column and the esophagus, leading to its compression.
主动脉弓及其大血管发育异常不仅可伴有血流动力学障碍,还可影响内脏器官的功能。本文报告一例80岁患者尸检发现锁骨下动脉右侧异常,临床表现为吞咽困难和恶病质的发展。尸检显示头臂干的缺失,通常起源于作者的弓,以及右锁骨下动脉的异常起源,从主动脉弓的后表面,左1.1厘米和远端的左锁骨下动脉的开口。异常血管的近段,直径达1 0 cm,位于脊柱和食道之间,导致其受压。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological and functional changes in the skeletal muscles of the hind limbs in rats under enforced anaerobic physical exertion and allogeneic biomaterial application 强制无氧运动和异体生物材料应用对大鼠后肢骨骼肌形态和功能的影响
Pub Date : 2023-07-09 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-39-48
A. Lebedeva, E. M. Gareev, I. Sirotkina, M. F. Galautdinov
   Exhausting physical activity leads to sarcomere overstrain, destruction of the cell membrane, hydrolysis of structural proteins, thus, resulting in irreversible damage to muscle fibers. Allogeneic biomaterial (AB) is applied to regenerate various tissues and organs.   The aim of the study was to identify morphofunctional features of the skeletal muscle tissue after physical exertion and under AB application.   Material and methods. This experimental study involved male Wistar rats. Anaerobic physical exertion was simulated using the Porsolt test with a load equal 10 % of the body weight for 30 days. After training, animals of the main group (n = 10) were injected AB suspension: 4 ml of a 0.2 % solution into the muscles of the fore and hind limbs totally. Animals of the control group (n = 10) received physiological saline into similar zones. Tolerant load was investigated in 5 and 21 days after injection. Then the animals were withdrawn from the experiment, and muscles of the hind limbs were studied histologically, the total number, the average cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, and the number of necrotic fibers were measured.   Results. In 5 and 21 days animals from the control group manifested dystrophic changes in muscle fibers: type III, IV contractures, microcirculation disorders, mosaic necrosis of muscle fibers, inflammatory cell infiltration, and a decreased tolerant load. In 21 days fibrosis was detected. The AB introduction provided rhabdomyogenesis as soon as in 5 days. Inflammatory cell infiltration decreased, the polygonality of muscle fiber profiles was restored, and edematous phenomena were leveled. There was hyperplasia of muscle fibers, a decreased number of necrotic muscle fibers, inhibited fibrosis, and an increased tolerant load. AB further biodegraded.   Conclusion. AB contributed to the reduced manifestations of dystrophic changes in muscle fibers, strengthened actoprotective mechanism, and restored physical activity in the early stages.
体力活动过度导致肌节过度劳损、细胞膜破坏、结构蛋白水解,从而对肌纤维造成不可逆的损伤。同种异体生物材料(AB)被应用于多种组织和器官的再生。本研究的目的是确定体力消耗和AB应用后骨骼肌组织的形态功能特征。材料和方法。本实验研究对象为雄性Wistar大鼠。采用Porsolt试验模拟无氧体力消耗,负荷等于体重的10%,持续30天。训练结束后,主组(n = 10)将AB悬浮液:4 ml 0.2%溶液全部注射到前肢和后肢肌肉中。对照组(n = 10)在相同区域内注射生理盐水。在注射后5天和21天观察耐受负荷。然后退出实验,对大鼠后肢肌肉进行组织学研究,测定肌纤维总数、平均截面积和坏死纤维数量。结果。在第5天和第21天,对照组动物表现出肌纤维营养不良的变化:III型、IV型挛缩、微循环障碍、肌纤维花叶性坏死、炎症细胞浸润和耐受负荷下降。21 d检测到纤维化。AB的引入在5天内就能产生横纹肌。炎性细胞浸润减少,肌纤维多角性恢复,水肿现象趋于平缓。肌纤维增生,坏死肌纤维数量减少,纤维化受到抑制,耐受负荷增加。AB进一步生物降解。结论。AB有助于减少肌纤维营养不良变化的表现,增强肌动保护机制,恢复早期体力活动。
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引用次数: 0
An uncommon case of placental histopathology with antenatal fetal death under new coronavirus infection 新型冠状病毒感染导致胎儿死亡的罕见胎盘组织病理学报告1例
Pub Date : 2023-07-09 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-99-105
A. E. Kasparova, E. D. Khadieva, E. I. Kutefa, V. L. Yanin, E. N. Vasil'kovskaya, L. Chegus, N. A. Sazonova, F. R. Khidirnebieva
   Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been a number of studies related to the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the course of pregnancy and fetus condition. As observed, the placentas of women who have had a new coronavirus infection often contain more villous agglutination and subchorionic thrombi than placentas in SARS-CoV-2-negative women. To date, several isolated publications have reported clinical cases of fetal death in mothers infected with coronavirus infection. The authors have made an assumption on the association of adverse outcomes with placental lesions.   The aim of the study was to analyse a clinical case of a moderate-course new coronavirus infection in a pregnant woman at a long gestation period who underwent an antenatal fetal death, and evaluate the features of placental histopathology and their impact on adverse gestational outcomes.   Material and methods. The authors have analysed Russian and international research publications from various sources, including eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, PubMed databases etc. and, considering the data obtained, investigated a clinical case of intrauterine fetal death in a pregnant woman infected with SARS-CoV-2. The placenta was studied in accordance with the clinical recommendations of the Russian Society of Pathologists "Rules for placental pathological and anatomical examination" and the international classification of placental lesions (Amsterdam, 2015).   Results. The results obtained support the association between acute diseases of the upper respiratory tract and developing severe hemodynamic disorders in the "mother-placenta-fetus" system in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. Systemic inflammation associated with new coronavirus infection appears to be one of the mechanisms for developing placental disorders.
自COVID-19大流行开始以来,已有多项研究与SARS-CoV-2对妊娠过程和胎儿状况的影响有关。据观察,新冠病毒感染妇女的胎盘通常比sars - cov -2阴性妇女的胎盘含有更多的绒毛凝集和绒毛膜下血栓。迄今为止,一些孤立的出版物报道了感染冠状病毒的母亲胎儿死亡的临床病例。作者已经作出了一个与胎盘病变不良后果的关联假设。本研究的目的是分析1例中程新型冠状病毒感染的长妊娠期孕妇产前死胎的临床病例,并评估胎盘组织病理学特征及其对妊娠不良结局的影响。材料和方法。作者分析了来自包括图书馆在内的各种来源的俄罗斯和国际研究出版物。RU、CyberLeninka、PubMed等数据库,结合获得的资料,对1例感染SARS-CoV-2孕妇宫内胎儿死亡的临床病例进行调查。根据俄罗斯病理学家协会“胎盘病理和解剖检查规则”的临床建议和胎盘病变的国际分类(阿姆斯特丹,2015)对胎盘进行研究。结果。本研究结果支持了急性上呼吸道疾病与感染SARS-CoV-2的孕妇“母亲-胎盘-胎儿”系统发生严重血流动力学障碍之间的关联。与新型冠状病毒感染相关的全身性炎症似乎是发生胎盘疾病的机制之一。
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引用次数: 0
Non-invasive methods in autopsy in practice of pathologists and forensic experts: from the appearance to the present day 病理学家和法医专家在尸检实践中的非侵入性方法:从出现到现在
Pub Date : 2023-07-09 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-79-89
M. Mnikhovich, M. Lozina, I. A. Shiripenko, O. A. Sidorova, T. Bezuglova, A. V. Romanov
   This paper presents a literature review evaluating virtopsy options, its development over time and the scope of application nowadays. To analyze the literature sources, we searched for the keyword “virtopsy” in Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, and RSCI databases for the period 2006–2022, the results included 199 sources. Of these, 73 publications including original and review papers were selected for review. It is known that diagnosis verification and therapy correction are largely possible only thanks to the work of pathologists. The coincidence of the post-mortem diagnosis with the lifetime diagnosis opens up the possibility to optimize the course of therapy in similar cases. The literature analysis allows us to conclude that the level of imaging accuracy and frequency of successful interpretations of post-mortem radiological examinations have increased significantly, the fact being associated both with an improved quality of X-ray optical and scanning equipment, and formation of a relatively extensive database containing previously obtained findings. Thus, virtopsy is currently a powerful auxiliary tool applicable in post-mortem diagnosis. The combined use of classical autopsy and virtopsy can increase the accuracy of diagnosis, which, together with digital data processing and storage tools, will bring the work of specialists to a new level of interdisciplinary interaction.
本文综述了虚拟解剖方法的研究进展,以及目前的应用范围。为了分析文献来源,我们在Scopus、Web of Science、Medline、PubMed和RSCI数据库中检索关键词“virtopsy”,检索时间为2006-2022年,共收录文献199篇。其中,73份出版物(包括原创和评论论文)被选中进行审查。众所周知,诊断验证和治疗纠正在很大程度上要归功于病理学家的工作。死后诊断与终生诊断的巧合为优化类似病例的治疗过程提供了可能性。通过文献分析,我们可以得出这样的结论:成像精度水平和成功解释死后放射检查的频率显著提高,这与x射线光学和扫描设备质量的提高以及包含先前发现的相对广泛的数据库的形成有关。因此,虚拟解剖目前是一种强有力的辅助工具,适用于死后诊断。经典解剖和虚拟解剖的结合使用可以提高诊断的准确性,再加上数字数据处理和存储工具,将专家的工作提升到跨学科互动的新水平。
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引用次数: 0
Thyroid gland parameters of mature women living in Saint-Petersburg 圣彼得堡成年妇女的甲状腺参数
Pub Date : 2023-07-09 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-30-38
E. V. Kazantseva, Yu. A. Andreev, D. Starchik
   Due to the prevalence of thyroid diseases among women, there is a need for a detailed study of the morphometric parameters of this endocrine organ in diverse age groups.   The aim of the study was to investigate the linear sizes and the thyroid gland shapes using sectional method and intravital sonography in women of mature age residing in St. Petersburg.   Material and methods. The ultrasound diagnostics was used to examine thyroid glands in 117 women of mature age. The exclusion criteria were neck surgery, thyroid nodules and endocrine system diseases. All women were divided into age groups according to the scheme of age periodization of human ontogenesis adopted in 1965. There were 42 thyroid glands obtained from the women died at the mature age, whose fatal outcome was not associated with the pathology of the endocrine system or the thyroid gland; they were allocated into a separate group.   Results. Significant differences were registered in the thickness of the left lobe of the thyroid gland in women of the first and second adulthood periods; there was also detected a significant predominance of the size and volume of the right lobe over the left one. Cluster analysis, relying on the thickness of the isthmus of the thyroid gland and the symmetry of its lobes, allows differentiating three shapes of the thyroid gland: “butterfly-shaped”, semilunar and indefinite.   Conclusion. The asymmetry of the thyroid lobes is a typical feature of this organ of the endocrine system at the studied age periods in mature women. When determining the shape of the thyroid gland, dissecting and morphometry are more informative options than ultrasound examination. To compare the findings on the shape of the thyroid gland obtained by various researchers, it is necessary to standardize the technique and apply a unified classification of the thyroid gland shapes.
由于甲状腺疾病在女性中的流行,有必要对不同年龄组的这一内分泌器官的形态计量参数进行详细研究。本研究的目的是利用断层法和活体超声检查研究圣彼得堡成年妇女甲状腺的线性大小和形状。材料和方法。本文采用超声诊断法对117例成年妇女的甲状腺进行了检查。排除标准为颈部手术、甲状腺结节和内分泌系统疾病。根据1965年采用的人类个体发生年龄分期方案,将所有妇女分成年龄组。从成年死亡的妇女中获得42个甲状腺,其死亡结果与内分泌系统或甲状腺病理无关;他们被分到一个单独的小组。结果。在第一和第二成年期的女性中,甲状腺左叶的厚度有显著差异;我们还发现右脑叶的大小和体积明显大于左脑叶。聚类分析,依靠甲状腺峡部的厚度和其叶的对称性,可以区分甲状腺的三种形状:“蝴蝶形”,半月形和不定形。结论。在研究的成熟女性中,甲状腺叶的不对称是这一内分泌系统器官的典型特征。当确定甲状腺的形状时,解剖和形态测量比超声检查更有价值。为了比较不同研究者对甲状腺形状的发现,有必要对技术进行标准化,并对甲状腺形状进行统一的分类。
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引用次数: 0
Morphometric parameters of the thoracic diaphragm in diverse body constructions 不同体型胸椎横膈膜的形态测量参数
Pub Date : 2023-07-09 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-57-63
V. A. Prosvetov, I. Gaivoronskii, D. Surov
   The study of morphometric parameters of the thoracic diaphragm in diverse body constructions is of applied relevance in thoracic and abdominal surgery.   The aim of the study was to investigate regional morphometric parameters of the thoracic diaphragm in diverse body constructions.   Material and methods. The study involved 40 specially embalmed corpses (with preserved tissue elasticity), aged 35-75 when dying. To assess the morphometric parameters of the diaphragm, there was tailor-made an organocomplex represented by the abdominal cavity covered by an intact diaphragm. Longitudinal, transverse dimensions, the area of the diaphragm and its parts were investigated.   Results. The analysed morphometric features allowed specifying that in extreme body constructions, there were considerable statistically significant differences in the morphometric parameters of the diaphragm and its parts. It was established that the largest area of the diaphragm, central tendon, costal part and its pericardial surface were observed in people with a brachymorphic body construction; the highest statistical significance was observed between extreme body constructions. The ratio of the tendon part to the total area was also the largest in the brachymorphic form, and the smallest in the dolichomorphic form. There were specific morphometric parameters typical of all types of body constructions: the ratio of the muscular and tendon parts of the diaphragm, the depth of the pleural sinuses, and the areas of the weak points of the diaphragm. The largest linear dimensions of all parts of the diaphragm were recorded in individuals with a brachymorphic body construction. On the contrary, people with dolichomorphic body type had the lowest values. However, the diaphragm domes were the highest in individuals with a dolichomorphic form, and the shortest in those with a brachymorphic form.   Conclusion. The study of the morphometric parameters of the thoracic diaphragm allowed recording the major linear dimensions and areas of definite parts specific for all body constructions. The results obtained can be introduced into clinical practice to plan surgical interventions on the upper floor of the peritoneal cavity, including diaphragmatic peritonectomy.
研究不同体型胸膈的形态参数在胸腹外科手术中具有重要的应用价值。本研究的目的是研究不同体型胸椎横膈膜的区域形态学参数。材料和方法。这项研究涉及40具经过特殊防腐处理的尸体(保存了组织弹性),年龄在35-75岁之间。为了评估横膈膜的形态参数,我们制作了一个由完整横膈膜覆盖的腹腔代表的器官复合体。研究了膜片的纵向、横向尺寸以及膜片及其部件的面积。结果。分析的形态特征允许指定在极端的身体结构中,在隔膜及其部件的形态参数上有相当大的统计学显著差异。结果表明:短形体构造者的横膈膜、中央腱、肋部及其心包表面面积最大;在极端身体结构之间观察到最高的统计显著性。肌腱部分占总面积的比例在短形形态中最大,在多形形态中最小。所有类型的身体构造都有特定的形态测量参数:横膈膜肌肉和肌腱部分的比例,胸膜窦的深度,以及横膈膜薄弱的区域。横膈膜所有部分的最大线性尺寸记录在具有短形身体结构的个体中。与之相反,多相体型的人的值最低。然而,膜片穹丘在多形型个体中最高,在短形型个体中最短。结论。通过研究胸膈的形态参数,可以记录所有身体结构特定部位的主要线性尺寸和面积。所获得的结果可用于临床实践,以规划腹膜上层的手术干预,包括膈腹膜切除术。
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引用次数: 0
Gastric mast cell population in rats under ground-simulated weightlessness conditions and in early readaptation period 地面模拟失重和早期适应条件下大鼠胃肥大细胞群的变化
Pub Date : 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-22-29
A. A. Zhukov, N. Alexeeva, V. V. Shishkina, T. V. Samoilenko, E. S. Goryushkina, S. Zolotareva, S. A. Budnevskaya, E. E. Ivanova, S. Klochkova
   The effect of altered gravity on the digestive system is one of the challenging issues in space biology and medicine. The study of the effect of weightlessness on the mast cell (MC) functioning in the gastrointestinal organs is determined by their multifunctionality and participation in the developing adaptive and pathological processes.   The aim of the study was to investigate the morphofunctional state of MCs in the stomach membranes of Wistar rats during 14 days of ground-based simulated weightlessness conditions and in a 3-day recovery period.   Material and methods. The experiment involved 3 groups of Wistar rats: control, experimental – exposed to antiorthostatic suspension – and a 3-day-recovery group, 7 animals each, respectively. Identification of MCs was carried out using May-Grunwald staining with additional staining with Giemsa solution and immunohistochemical tryptase detection. The results obtained were statistically processed with SPSS 13 using parametric and non-parametric criteria.   Results. A significantly increased number of metachromatic MC population was found only in the mucosa in animals of the antiorthostatic suspension and 3-day-recovery groups compared to the vivarium control. There was a sharp decrease in degranulating forms of MCs in the submucosalcoat in animals of the 3-day-recovery group compared to the control. A significantly increased number of degranulating forms of MCs was revealed in the muscle membrane in animals of the antiorthostatic suspension group. Immunohistochemical staining of MCs with antibodies to tryptase, in contrast to staining for metachromasia, allowed identifying a significant representation of tryptase-positive cells in the gastric mucosa in animals of the 3-day-recovery group.   Conclusion. The results obtained support gravisensitivity of certain structural components of the stomach, and also evidence MC and their secretome participation in the developing adaptive responses to the effects of altered gravity both at the cellular and tissue levels.
重力改变对消化系统的影响是空间生物学和医学中具有挑战性的问题之一。失重对胃肠道肥大细胞功能影响的研究是由肥大细胞的多功能性和参与发育中的适应性和病理过程决定的。本研究的目的是研究Wistar大鼠在14天的地面模拟失重条件和3天的恢复期胃膜MCs的形态功能状态。材料和方法。实验采用Wistar大鼠3组:对照组、实验组(抗立悬浮液)和恢复期3天组,每组7只。MCs鉴定采用May-Grunwald染色,外加Giemsa溶液染色和免疫组化胰蛋白酶检测。所得结果用SPSS 13采用参数和非参数标准进行统计处理。结果。与体内对照组相比,仅在抗立悬浮液组和3天恢复组动物的粘膜中发现了显着增加的异色MC种群数量。与对照组相比,3天恢复组动物的粘膜下涂层中MCs的脱颗粒形式急剧减少。抗立悬浮液组动物肌膜中脱颗粒形式的MCs数量显著增加。用胰蛋白酶抗体对MCs进行免疫组织化学染色,与异色染色相比,可以在3天恢复组动物的胃粘膜中识别出胰蛋白酶阳性细胞的显著代表性。结论。研究结果支持了胃某些结构成分的重力敏感性,也证明了MC及其分泌组在细胞和组织水平上参与了对重力改变影响的适应性反应。
{"title":"Gastric mast cell population in rats under ground-simulated weightlessness conditions and in early readaptation period","authors":"A. A. Zhukov, N. Alexeeva, V. V. Shishkina, T. V. Samoilenko, E. S. Goryushkina, S. Zolotareva, S. A. Budnevskaya, E. E. Ivanova, S. Klochkova","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-22-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-22-29","url":null,"abstract":"   The effect of altered gravity on the digestive system is one of the challenging issues in space biology and medicine. The study of the effect of weightlessness on the mast cell (MC) functioning in the gastrointestinal organs is determined by their multifunctionality and participation in the developing adaptive and pathological processes.   The aim of the study was to investigate the morphofunctional state of MCs in the stomach membranes of Wistar rats during 14 days of ground-based simulated weightlessness conditions and in a 3-day recovery period.   Material and methods. The experiment involved 3 groups of Wistar rats: control, experimental – exposed to antiorthostatic suspension – and a 3-day-recovery group, 7 animals each, respectively. Identification of MCs was carried out using May-Grunwald staining with additional staining with Giemsa solution and immunohistochemical tryptase detection. The results obtained were statistically processed with SPSS 13 using parametric and non-parametric criteria.   Results. A significantly increased number of metachromatic MC population was found only in the mucosa in animals of the antiorthostatic suspension and 3-day-recovery groups compared to the vivarium control. There was a sharp decrease in degranulating forms of MCs in the submucosalcoat in animals of the 3-day-recovery group compared to the control. A significantly increased number of degranulating forms of MCs was revealed in the muscle membrane in animals of the antiorthostatic suspension group. Immunohistochemical staining of MCs with antibodies to tryptase, in contrast to staining for metachromasia, allowed identifying a significant representation of tryptase-positive cells in the gastric mucosa in animals of the 3-day-recovery group.   Conclusion. The results obtained support gravisensitivity of certain structural components of the stomach, and also evidence MC and their secretome participation in the developing adaptive responses to the effects of altered gravity both at the cellular and tissue levels.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82851910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Morphological bases of reorganization of the hippocampal interneuronal relationships in white rats after severe traumatic brain injury 大鼠重型颅脑损伤后海马神经元间关系重组的形态学基础
Pub Date : 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-9-21
V. A. Akulinin, A. Y. Shoronova, S. Stepanov, M. Korzhuk, L. M. Makar'eva, I. G. Tsuskman, D. Avdeev, L. V. Stepanova
   The aim of the study was to investigate morphological changes in neurons, glia and synaptic terminals in cytoarchitectonic fields CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus in white rats after severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).   Material and methods. This experimental study involved outbred adult white Wistar rats. STBI (main group, n = 30) was simulated under anesthesia (Zoletil-100) on the tailor-made device. Intact animals (n = 6) were used as controls. Morphological assessment of the hippocampal nervous tissue (in fields CA1 and CA3) was carried out using light microscopy (staining with hematoxylin and eosin, thionin according to Nissl), immunohistochemical reactions for synaptophysin (p38), Caspase 3, GFAP, and morphometric investigation techniques (ImageJ 1.53 program) in animals of the control group and in experimental animals in 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 days after STBI. Statistically hypotheses were tested using nonparametric tests (Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, Wilcoxon, Spearman tests) in the Statistica program. 10.0.   Results. In a day after STBI, there were noted degeneratively altered dark neurons, shadow cells, small foci of neuron prolapse, pronounced manifestations of edema-swelling in the perikarya and neuropil. Coagulative-ischemic mechanisms of neuronal death prevailed, structural and immunohistochemical signs of apoptosis activation (Caspase 3 in the perikarya) were detected in sporadic cells of the field CA1. In the late period of the study (in 30 days), hydropic changes, chromatolysis with cytoplasmic clearing, hyperchromia without and with homogenization of neuronal structures persisted. An increased neuroglial index was distinctive. Statistically significant differences in the main morphometric parameters were revealed between segments and terms. The total number density of neurons decreased by 43.8 % in CA1 and in CA3 by 22.0 % in 30 days after injury; a significant (20–40 %) deficit of neuropil synapse terminals remained. Thus, the compensatory-restorative reorganization of the hippocampal neuronal networks occurred combined with its structural and functional insufficiency. Probably, Caspase 3 was crucial in implementing neuroplasticity.   Conclusion. Post-STBI diffuse-focal pathomorphological changes were revealed in CA1 and CA3 cells of the hippocampus. An increased relative content of glial cells indicated the realization of sanogenesis of the nervous tissue. Reorganization of interneuronal connections occurred during 30 days of observation, caspases might be participants of this process.
本研究旨在探讨大鼠重型颅脑损伤后海马细胞结构区CA1和CA3神经元、胶质细胞和突触末梢的形态学变化。材料和方法。本实验以异交成年白Wistar大鼠为研究对象。STBI(主组,n = 30)在特制装置麻醉(唑来替尔-100)下模拟。正常动物(n = 6)作为对照。在STBI后1、3、7、14、30天,采用光镜(苏木精、伊红、硫蛋白染色)、突触素(p38)、Caspase 3、GFAP免疫组化反应和形态测量技术(ImageJ 1.53程序)对对照组动物和实验动物的海马神经组织(CA1和CA3区)进行形态学评估。统计假设使用非参数检验(Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Spearman检验)在Statistica程序中进行检验。10.0。结果。STBI后1天内可见退行性改变的深色神经元,阴影细胞,小灶性神经元脱垂,核周及神经节明显水肿肿胀。神经元死亡的凝固缺血机制占主导地位,在CA1野区散发性细胞中检测到凋亡激活的结构和免疫组织化学迹象(核周Caspase 3)。在研究后期(30天),水变化、染色质溶解伴细胞质清除、无和均质神经元结构的高色素血症持续存在。神经胶质指数明显升高。在主要形态计量参数中,区段和术语之间的差异具有统计学意义。损伤后30 d, CA1神经元总数密度下降43.8%,CA3神经元总数密度下降22.0%;神经突触终末明显(20 - 40%)缺失。因此,海马神经元网络的代偿-恢复性重组是在其结构和功能不足的情况下发生的。可能,Caspase 3在实现神经可塑性中起着至关重要的作用。结论。stbi后海马CA1和CA3细胞出现弥漫性灶性病理形态学改变。神经胶质细胞相对含量的增加表明神经组织造血的实现。在30天的观察中,神经元间连接发生了重组,半胱天冬氨酸酶可能参与了这一过程。
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引用次数: 0
Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Ascending and Descending Colon in Children and Adolescents 儿童和青少年升降结肠的计算机断层解剖
Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-44-49
A. Lozinski, S. V. Chemezov
The aim of the study was to specify the age and gender features of the ascending and descending colon location in children and adolescents based on computed tomography scans.Material and methods. The study included computed tomography scans of the abdomen of 75 children without visible pathology of the abdominal organs. All human subjects were divided into 4 age groups: the period of early childhood, the period of the first childhood, the period of the second childhood, adolescence. They were exposed to 16- slice computed tomography followed by analysis specifying distances between the ascending and descending colons and the median sagittal plane. The data obtained were subjected to variational statistical processing, the mean value (M), standard error (m) and the significance of differences according to Student's t-test were defined.Results. The results obtained demonstrated that the maximum values of the distances between the ascending colon and the median sagittal plane were determined at the LIII–LV levels in children of the 1st group, at the LV level in children of the 2nd group, at the LIV level in children of the 3rd group and at the LIII–LIV levels in children the 4th group. The minimum values of the studied parameters were found at the LI level in boys of the 1st group and girls of the 2nd group. The minimum value of the parameter was defined at the LII level in the rest of the examined children. The maximum distances between the descending colon and the median sagittal plane were defined at the LI–LII levels in children of the 1st and 2nd groups, and at the LII–LIII levels in children of the 3rd and 4th groups. The minimum value of the parameter was at the LV level in the examined children of groups 1 and 2, and at the LI and LV levels in the examined children of groups 3 and 4.Conclusion. A significant increase in the average distance from the median sagittal plane to the ascending and descending colons was detected in each group compared to the previous one. Significant differences in the distance from the median sagittal plane to the ascending and descending colons among girls and boys of the same age have not been revealed in any of the age groups.
该研究的目的是根据计算机断层扫描确定儿童和青少年升结肠和降结肠位置的年龄和性别特征。材料和方法。这项研究包括对75名腹部器官未见病变的儿童进行腹部计算机断层扫描。所有受试者被分为4个年龄组:幼儿期、第一童年期、第二童年期、青春期。他们接受了16层计算机断层扫描,然后分析了升、降冒号与正中矢状面之间的距离。对所得数据进行变分统计处理,定义均值(M)、标准误差(M)和差异显著性(Student’st检验)。结果表明,升结肠与正中矢状面之间距离的最大值在第1组患儿LIII-LV水平、第2组患儿LV水平、第3组患儿LIV水平和第4组患儿LIII-LIV水平确定。研究参数的最小值出现在第一组男生和第二组女生的LI水平。在其余被检查的儿童中,该参数的最小值定义为LII水平。降结肠与正中矢状面之间的最大距离在第1组和第2组儿童的LI-LII水平下定义,在第3组和第4组儿童的li - liii水平上定义。1、2组患儿的最小值为LV水平,3、4组患儿的最小值为LI和LV水平。与前一组相比,每一组从正中矢状面到升、降号的平均距离均显著增加。从正中矢状面到升、降冒号的距离在相同年龄的女孩和男孩之间没有明显差异,在任何年龄组中都没有发现。
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引用次数: 0
Morphometric Parameters of the Parotid Salivary Gland in Various Shape of the Skull 不同颅骨形状腮腺唾液腺的形态测量参数
Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-72-78
V. I. Chernyavskii, K. Abduvosidov, E. N. Galeisya, E. A. Kidyaeva
The aim of the study was to investigate morphometric parameters of the parotid gland in various shapes of the facial and brain skull.Material and methods. The study included cadaveric biomaterial obtained from individuals of both sexes aged 48 to 73 years. There were investigated 120 human head organcomplexes containing 240 parotid glands. The samples were used to measure the upper height of the face and its width, the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the skull, and to calculate the values of the upper facial and transverse longitudinal indexes. Then the soft tissues were dissected in layers, and the parotid glands and adjacent neurovascular formations were isolated. Morphometric parameters of the parotid glands were processed statistically.Results. It was found that the vertical size of the parotid gland correlated with the upper facial index, and the sagittal size correlated with the transverse-longitudinal index. Statistically significant relationships between the upper facial, transverse-longitudinal indices and the shape of the parotid gland were not recorded.Conclusion. The study revealed an average positive correlation between the morphometric parameters of the parotid gland and the upper facial and transverse longitudinal indices. The results of the study complement the available data on the anatomy of the parotid gland and can be used in planning surgical interventions, as well as in interpreting the results of diagnostic radiation studies.
本研究的目的是研究腮腺在不同形状的面部和脑颅骨的形态学参数。材料和方法。该研究包括48至73岁男女个体的尸体生物材料。调查了120个包含240个腮腺的人头部器官复合物。这些样本测量了面部的上高度和宽度,头骨的纵向和横向直径,并计算了上面部和横向纵向指标的值。分层解剖软组织,分离腮腺及邻近神经血管组织。对腮腺形态学参数进行统计学处理。腮腺垂直大小与上面部指数相关,矢状大小与横纵向指数相关。腮腺形态与上面部、横纵向指标的关系无统计学意义。研究发现腮腺的形态计量参数与上面部和横向纵向指数呈平均正相关。该研究的结果补充了腮腺解剖的现有数据,可用于计划手术干预,以及解释诊断放射研究的结果。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology
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