Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-37-43
S. Klochkova, N. Alexeeva, M. Allakhverdiev, D. Nikityuk, M. Kuznetsova, A. Kvaratskheliya, S. Alekseev, A. K. Nagovitsin
The aim of the study was to analyse histologically and morphometrically the peribiliary glands of the extrahepatic biliary tract in the elderly and long-living people.Material and methods. The study included wholemounts of the gallbladder, the cystic, hepatic and common bile ducts obtained from the corpses of both sexes aged 22 to 35 years (n=16) and older than 76 years (n=39). Macro-microscopy was used to evaluate the number, localization, sizes and shape of the glands, the area of the lumen of the excretory duct orifices, the area of the initial section of the glands, the number of initial (terminal) parts and the proportion of epithelial parenchyma in their composition.Results. With age, there is a decreased proportion of "complexly branched" glands with a significant number of initial sections and excretory ducts of the 1st order. The proportion of "simple" glands, with one initial section increases to 70.2–78.3% in the senile age, while it is 41.0–52.1% in people of mature age. In long-living people, there is an increased number (up to 70–85%) of glands with ampullar extensions of the common excretory duct. The total number, density of gland localization, the length and width of the initial section of the peribiliary glands tend to decrease from the period of mature age to longevity. In senile age, the size and quantitative parameters of the glands stabilize, and do not modify in long-living people.Conclusion. The results of the morphological analysis demonstrate that there is no progression of involutive changes in the peribiliary glands of the extrahepatic biliary tract from senile age to the period of longevity. In some cases, long-living individuals manifest compensatory-adaptive reactions, such as an increased severity of the epithelial parenchymal component in the composition of the glands and an increased proportion of glands with an ampullar expansion of the common excretory duct.
{"title":"Features of the Peribiliary Glands of the Extrahepatic Biliary Tract in the Elderly and Long-Living Individuals","authors":"S. Klochkova, N. Alexeeva, M. Allakhverdiev, D. Nikityuk, M. Kuznetsova, A. Kvaratskheliya, S. Alekseev, A. K. Nagovitsin","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-37-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-37-43","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to analyse histologically and morphometrically the peribiliary glands of the extrahepatic biliary tract in the elderly and long-living people.Material and methods. The study included wholemounts of the gallbladder, the cystic, hepatic and common bile ducts obtained from the corpses of both sexes aged 22 to 35 years (n=16) and older than 76 years (n=39). Macro-microscopy was used to evaluate the number, localization, sizes and shape of the glands, the area of the lumen of the excretory duct orifices, the area of the initial section of the glands, the number of initial (terminal) parts and the proportion of epithelial parenchyma in their composition.Results. With age, there is a decreased proportion of \"complexly branched\" glands with a significant number of initial sections and excretory ducts of the 1st order. The proportion of \"simple\" glands, with one initial section increases to 70.2–78.3% in the senile age, while it is 41.0–52.1% in people of mature age. In long-living people, there is an increased number (up to 70–85%) of glands with ampullar extensions of the common excretory duct. The total number, density of gland localization, the length and width of the initial section of the peribiliary glands tend to decrease from the period of mature age to longevity. In senile age, the size and quantitative parameters of the glands stabilize, and do not modify in long-living people.Conclusion. The results of the morphological analysis demonstrate that there is no progression of involutive changes in the peribiliary glands of the extrahepatic biliary tract from senile age to the period of longevity. In some cases, long-living individuals manifest compensatory-adaptive reactions, such as an increased severity of the epithelial parenchymal component in the composition of the glands and an increased proportion of glands with an ampullar expansion of the common excretory duct.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80436583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-97-102
I. Gaivoronskii, T. S. Spirina, I. Goriacheva, I. Hendriks
The paper considers the influence of life circumstances and people of different professions on the development of Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov’s personality as an outstanding scientist, anatomist and surgeon. As a child, Nikolai Ivanovich lived in quite a prosperous family to pay for the worthy education for their children. Respectale teachers of medicine were invited to the Pirogovs' house such as G.M. Berezkin and A.M. Klaus. But the most significant figure for Pirogov as a child was the family doctor Efrem Osipovich Mukhin who was a Professor of anatomy and physiology at the Imperial Moscow University. So at the age of 14 Nikolai Ivanovich became a student of that University being under the influence of such scientists as Yu.Kh. Loder, M.Ya. Mudrov, and F.A. Hilderbrandt. In 1828 Pirogov finished the Faculty of Medicine and entered the Imperial Moscow University of Dorpat where he studied under the famous surgeon, Professor I.F. Moyer who became his mentor and favourite teacher. Further improvement of skills and mastery acquisition took place at the University of Berlin in 1833 under the influence of the anatomist F. Schlemm, the physiologist I.M. Muller, the preparator Mrs. Vogelsang, the surgeons K. Grefe, I. Dieffenbach, J.N. Rusta, and K.I.M. Langenbeck. Also, Nikolai Ivanovich was lucky to cooperate and learn from the famous French scientists like Velpo, Lisfranc, Larrey, Jaubert, Amyusse. Life circumstances such as complicated relationships with colleagues due to the challenges in organizing medical care during wars and epidemics dramatically influenced Pirogov’s development as a medical scientist. Thus, the well-deserved immortal fame of the medical science genius Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov obtained was owing to his teachers, mentors and the environment. As demonstrated by N.I. Pirogov’s life, both a person and their teachers look for one another especially when the student reveals their talent, desire for knowledge, skills, and the ability to work hard. The authors devoted this paper to the people who influenced the scientific views development of N.I. Pirogov, an outstanding scientist, surgeon and anatomist.
皮罗戈夫是一位杰出的科学家、解剖学家和外科医生，他的人格发展受到生活环境和不同职业的人的影响。作为一个孩子，尼古拉·伊万诺维奇生活在一个相当富裕的家庭，为他们的孩子提供有价值的教育。皮罗戈夫家还邀请了著名的医学教师，如G.M.别列兹金和A.M.克劳斯。但皮罗戈夫小时候最重要的人物是家庭医生埃弗雷姆·奥西波维奇·穆欣，他是莫斯科帝国大学的解剖学和生理学教授。14岁时，尼古拉·伊万诺维奇成为了这所大学的一名学生，受到了余赫等科学家的影响。洛德,M.Ya。穆德罗夫和F.A.希尔德勃兰特。1828年，皮罗戈夫从医学院毕业，进入多尔帕特莫斯科帝国大学，师从著名外科医生I.F.莫耶教授，莫耶教授成为他的导师和最喜欢的老师。1833年在柏林大学，在解剖学家F. Schlemm、生理学家m . m . Muller、准备医生Vogelsang夫人、外科医生K. Grefe、I. Dieffenbach、J.N. Rusta和K. m . Langenbeck的影响下，进一步提高了技能和掌握技能。此外，尼古拉·伊万诺维奇很幸运地与著名的法国科学家合作，并向他们学习，如维尔波、利斯弗朗、拉雷、约贝尔、阿米乌斯。生活环境，如由于在战争和流行病期间组织医疗保健的挑战而与同事的复杂关系，极大地影响了Pirogov作为一名医学科学家的发展。因此，医学天才尼古拉·伊万诺维奇·皮罗戈夫获得了当之无愧的不朽名声，这要归功于他的老师、导师和环境。正如N.I. Pirogov的生活所证明的那样，一个人和他们的老师都在寻找对方，尤其是当学生表现出他们的天赋，对知识，技能的渴望和努力工作的能力时。作者将本文献给对杰出的科学家、外科医生和解剖学家N.I. Pirogov的科学观点发展产生影响的人。
{"title":"The teachers and mentors of Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov – the genius anatomist and surgeon of the world medicine","authors":"I. Gaivoronskii, T. S. Spirina, I. Goriacheva, I. Hendriks","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-97-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-97-102","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the influence of life circumstances and people of different professions on the development of Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov’s personality as an outstanding scientist, anatomist and surgeon. As a child, Nikolai Ivanovich lived in quite a prosperous family to pay for the worthy education for their children. Respectale teachers of medicine were invited to the Pirogovs' house such as G.M. Berezkin and A.M. Klaus. But the most significant figure for Pirogov as a child was the family doctor Efrem Osipovich Mukhin who was a Professor of anatomy and physiology at the Imperial Moscow University. So at the age of 14 Nikolai Ivanovich became a student of that University being under the influence of such scientists as Yu.Kh. Loder, M.Ya. Mudrov, and F.A. Hilderbrandt. In 1828 Pirogov finished the Faculty of Medicine and entered the Imperial Moscow University of Dorpat where he studied under the famous surgeon, Professor I.F. Moyer who became his mentor and favourite teacher. Further improvement of skills and mastery acquisition took place at the University of Berlin in 1833 under the influence of the anatomist F. Schlemm, the physiologist I.M. Muller, the preparator Mrs. Vogelsang, the surgeons K. Grefe, I. Dieffenbach, J.N. Rusta, and K.I.M. Langenbeck. Also, Nikolai Ivanovich was lucky to cooperate and learn from the famous French scientists like Velpo, Lisfranc, Larrey, Jaubert, Amyusse. Life circumstances such as complicated relationships with colleagues due to the challenges in organizing medical care during wars and epidemics dramatically influenced Pirogov’s development as a medical scientist. Thus, the well-deserved immortal fame of the medical science genius Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov obtained was owing to his teachers, mentors and the environment. As demonstrated by N.I. Pirogov’s life, both a person and their teachers look for one another especially when the student reveals their talent, desire for knowledge, skills, and the ability to work hard. The authors devoted this paper to the people who influenced the scientific views development of N.I. Pirogov, an outstanding scientist, surgeon and anatomist.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82790098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-64-71
A. Stadnikov, N. A. Kuz'micheva, L. Pushkareva, E. Ermolina, I. V. Mikhailova, A. Smolyagin
The aim of the study was to comprehensively assess histological parameters of the hypothalamic neurosecretory and immune systems in pregnant rats exposed to passive smoking and their offspring.Material and methods. We studied morphological and immunological parameters of pregnant Wistar rats exposed to passive smoking and those of the control group, as well as their offspring. The obtained material was processed using histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric and immunological methods.Results. The results obtained demonstrated that in rats exposed to passive smoking, the sizes of neurosecretory cells (NSCs) of the supraoptic (SO) and paraventricular (PV) nuclei of the hypothalamus increased, the number of p53 positive NSCs increased, and bcl-2 protein expression decreased. Tobacco smoking caused formation of a proaptotic dominant in the neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Passive smoking led to a decreased body weight, a decreased number of thymocytes and myelokaryocytes in pregnant rats. In young rats born from the animals exposed to passive smoking, there was a slowdown in the processes of postnatal differentiation of the adrenal cortex (fascicular zone) with preservation of the extended zone of the fetal cortex. Notably, histo- and morphogenesis both in the organs of the primary (thymus) and secondary (spleen, lymph nodes) links of immunogenesis were delayed. In such young rats, a decreased body weight, thymus, number of thymocytes and splenocytes were recorded.Conclusion. Total results of the study evidence that passive smoking causes immunosuppressive changes in pregnant rats and their offspring combined with delayed postnatal histogenesis and proapoptotic manifestations in the nonapeptide-dergic hypothalamicpituitary adrenocortical system, which can be regarded as an unfavorable factor in the implementation of the neuroendocrine regulative mechanisms of adaptogenesis processes.
{"title":"Immunomorphological Evaluation of Pregnant Rats Exposed to Passive Smoking and their Offspring (Neuroendocrine Aspects)","authors":"A. Stadnikov, N. A. Kuz'micheva, L. Pushkareva, E. Ermolina, I. V. Mikhailova, A. Smolyagin","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-64-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-64-71","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to comprehensively assess histological parameters of the hypothalamic neurosecretory and immune systems in pregnant rats exposed to passive smoking and their offspring.Material and methods. We studied morphological and immunological parameters of pregnant Wistar rats exposed to passive smoking and those of the control group, as well as their offspring. The obtained material was processed using histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric and immunological methods.Results. The results obtained demonstrated that in rats exposed to passive smoking, the sizes of neurosecretory cells (NSCs) of the supraoptic (SO) and paraventricular (PV) nuclei of the hypothalamus increased, the number of p53 positive NSCs increased, and bcl-2 protein expression decreased. Tobacco smoking caused formation of a proaptotic dominant in the neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. Passive smoking led to a decreased body weight, a decreased number of thymocytes and myelokaryocytes in pregnant rats. In young rats born from the animals exposed to passive smoking, there was a slowdown in the processes of postnatal differentiation of the adrenal cortex (fascicular zone) with preservation of the extended zone of the fetal cortex. Notably, histo- and morphogenesis both in the organs of the primary (thymus) and secondary (spleen, lymph nodes) links of immunogenesis were delayed. In such young rats, a decreased body weight, thymus, number of thymocytes and splenocytes were recorded.Conclusion. Total results of the study evidence that passive smoking causes immunosuppressive changes in pregnant rats and their offspring combined with delayed postnatal histogenesis and proapoptotic manifestations in the nonapeptide-dergic hypothalamicpituitary adrenocortical system, which can be regarded as an unfavorable factor in the implementation of the neuroendocrine regulative mechanisms of adaptogenesis processes.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86397460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-58-63
A. Naumov, D. Nikityuk, A. Protsko, T. Shishkina, O. A. Ovsyannikova, L. Naumova
The aim of research was to study the distribution of mast cell populations in the lungs and spleen depending on their expression of proteases in normal conditions and different periods of simulated hypoxic hypoxia.Material and methods. Hypoxic hypoxia was modeled on 87 outbred male rats using 200 liter chambers. The animals were under experimental conditions for four months. Rats were removed from the experiment after 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. After the animals were removed from the experiment, the lungs and the spleen were removed and fixed in 10% neutral buffer solution of Labiko formalin. Lung and spleen preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and according to Van Gieson. For immunohistochemical studies, a panel of monoclonal antibodies was used: Anti-Mast Cell Tryptase antibody, Anti-Mast Cell Chymase antibody.Results. When modeling hypoxia in the structures of the lungs at the terms of 30 and 60 days, the content of predominantly tryptase-positive cells increased, and by the 90th and 120th days, the content of chymase-positive cells increased. By the end of the experimental exposure, the number of tryptase-positive cells increased by 3 times, and chymase-positive – by 7,7 times compared with the control. As the duration of the experiment increased, the presence of tryptase-positive cells in the spleen increased by 3,5 times, chymase-positive cells – by 7 times in the structures of the red and white pulp.Conclusion. During the formation of chronic hypoxic hypoxia in the body of laboratory animals, there is a redistribution of mast cells expressing tryptase and chymase. The most significant increase in the number of chymase-positive mast cells was noted both in the lungs and in the spleen.
{"title":"Features of the Distribution of Mast Cell Populations in Lungs and Spleen During Simulated Hypoxic Hypoxia","authors":"A. Naumov, D. Nikityuk, A. Protsko, T. Shishkina, O. A. Ovsyannikova, L. Naumova","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-58-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-58-63","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of research was to study the distribution of mast cell populations in the lungs and spleen depending on their expression of proteases in normal conditions and different periods of simulated hypoxic hypoxia.Material and methods. Hypoxic hypoxia was modeled on 87 outbred male rats using 200 liter chambers. The animals were under experimental conditions for four months. Rats were removed from the experiment after 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. After the animals were removed from the experiment, the lungs and the spleen were removed and fixed in 10% neutral buffer solution of Labiko formalin. Lung and spleen preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and according to Van Gieson. For immunohistochemical studies, a panel of monoclonal antibodies was used: Anti-Mast Cell Tryptase antibody, Anti-Mast Cell Chymase antibody.Results. When modeling hypoxia in the structures of the lungs at the terms of 30 and 60 days, the content of predominantly tryptase-positive cells increased, and by the 90th and 120th days, the content of chymase-positive cells increased. By the end of the experimental exposure, the number of tryptase-positive cells increased by 3 times, and chymase-positive – by 7,7 times compared with the control. As the duration of the experiment increased, the presence of tryptase-positive cells in the spleen increased by 3,5 times, chymase-positive cells – by 7 times in the structures of the red and white pulp.Conclusion. During the formation of chronic hypoxic hypoxia in the body of laboratory animals, there is a redistribution of mast cells expressing tryptase and chymase. The most significant increase in the number of chymase-positive mast cells was noted both in the lungs and in the spleen.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79259169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-79-87
А. Y. Shoronova, V. A. Akulinin, S. Stepanov, M. Korzhuk, L. M. Makar'eva, D. Avdeev, O. Skryabina, I. G. Tsuskman
The aim of the study was to investigate morphofunctional modifications in neurons, glial cells and synaptic terminals in the sensorimotor cortex of the brain in rats after severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).Material and methods. STBI simulation in white rats (main group, n=30) was performed on a device with a special shock mechanism. Intact animals (n=6) were included in the control group. The sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of the brain in rats was studied histomorphologically on sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and thionin according to Nissl. Synaptophysin and GFAP were detected immunohistochemically, then morphometry was performed. On serial frontal sections of the SMC, neurons, neuroglia, and interneuronal synapses were studied in animals of the control group and in animals exposed to STBI in 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after STBI simulation. The number density of neurons, neuroglia, and synaptic terminals was determined per a unit area of the section of layers I (terminals only), III, and V of the cerebral SMC. Statistical hypotheses were tested using nonparametric methods in the Statistica 10.0 program.Results. In animals of the control group, typical normochromic pyramidal neurons predominated, synaptic terminals were clearly verified; this was combined with unaltered neuropil. In animals exposed to STBI, there were signs of tinctorial, hydropic, dehydration and necrobiotic changes in neurons, reactive astrogliosis, fields of "loss" of neurons appeared; the overall numerical density of neurons and synapses decreased. The maximally increased content of pycnomorphic neurons was detected in 1 day after STBI (in layer III of the SMC, by 11.6%; in layer V of the SMC, by 18.5%). The peak in the number density of shadow cells and hyperchromic non-wrinkled neurons was noted in 3 days. The numerical density of synaptic terminals in different layers of the SMC decreased by 1.5-2 times. The altered balance of the destruction and restoration processes of the synaptic pool after STBI was evidenced by statistically significant data on the decreased and increased numerical density of terminals during 30 days of the study. There was no complete recovery of the studied parameters of neurons and synapses to control values within 30 days.Conclusion. The SMC of the brain in rats remains functioning after STBI; this occurs in the context of long-term preservation of reversibly and irreversibly damaged neurons, reactive neurogliosis, and permanent reorganization of interneuronal relationships due to activated reparative neuro- and synaptic plasticity. The data obtained will specify reorganization of the components of various neuronal complexes of the SMC (layers I, III, and V) after STBI.
{"title":"Morphofunctional Changes in Neurons, Glial Cells and Synapses in the Sensorimotor Cortex after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury","authors":"А. Y. Shoronova, V. A. Akulinin, S. Stepanov, M. Korzhuk, L. M. Makar'eva, D. Avdeev, O. Skryabina, I. G. Tsuskman","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-79-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-79-87","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to investigate morphofunctional modifications in neurons, glial cells and synaptic terminals in the sensorimotor cortex of the brain in rats after severe traumatic brain injury (STBI).Material and methods. STBI simulation in white rats (main group, n=30) was performed on a device with a special shock mechanism. Intact animals (n=6) were included in the control group. The sensorimotor cortex (SMC) of the brain in rats was studied histomorphologically on sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and thionin according to Nissl. Synaptophysin and GFAP were detected immunohistochemically, then morphometry was performed. On serial frontal sections of the SMC, neurons, neuroglia, and interneuronal synapses were studied in animals of the control group and in animals exposed to STBI in 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after STBI simulation. The number density of neurons, neuroglia, and synaptic terminals was determined per a unit area of the section of layers I (terminals only), III, and V of the cerebral SMC. Statistical hypotheses were tested using nonparametric methods in the Statistica 10.0 program.Results. In animals of the control group, typical normochromic pyramidal neurons predominated, synaptic terminals were clearly verified; this was combined with unaltered neuropil. In animals exposed to STBI, there were signs of tinctorial, hydropic, dehydration and necrobiotic changes in neurons, reactive astrogliosis, fields of \"loss\" of neurons appeared; the overall numerical density of neurons and synapses decreased. The maximally increased content of pycnomorphic neurons was detected in 1 day after STBI (in layer III of the SMC, by 11.6%; in layer V of the SMC, by 18.5%). The peak in the number density of shadow cells and hyperchromic non-wrinkled neurons was noted in 3 days. The numerical density of synaptic terminals in different layers of the SMC decreased by 1.5-2 times. The altered balance of the destruction and restoration processes of the synaptic pool after STBI was evidenced by statistically significant data on the decreased and increased numerical density of terminals during 30 days of the study. There was no complete recovery of the studied parameters of neurons and synapses to control values within 30 days.Conclusion. The SMC of the brain in rats remains functioning after STBI; this occurs in the context of long-term preservation of reversibly and irreversibly damaged neurons, reactive neurogliosis, and permanent reorganization of interneuronal relationships due to activated reparative neuro- and synaptic plasticity. The data obtained will specify reorganization of the components of various neuronal complexes of the SMC (layers I, III, and V) after STBI.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83249596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-88-96
N. Shevlyuk
The paper highlights the main stages of life and scientific work of the prominent Russian scientist Lev Vladimirovich Polezhaev (1910–2000), who significantly contributed to the development of issues of individual development and regeneration. The authors discuss main trends of Polezhaev’s research, briefly analyze his studies on morphogenesis, issues of physiological and reparative regeneration of various organs and tissues – skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue, bone tissue, structures of the maxillary system, organs of the central nervous system, limb regeneration in amphibians, as well as regeneration of the nervous tissue of various vertebrates is given.
{"title":"Lev Vladimirovich Polezhaev (1910–2000) and the development of morphology in Russia","authors":"N. Shevlyuk","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-88-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-88-96","url":null,"abstract":"The paper highlights the main stages of life and scientific work of the prominent Russian scientist Lev Vladimirovich Polezhaev (1910–2000), who significantly contributed to the development of issues of individual development and regeneration. The authors discuss main trends of Polezhaev’s research, briefly analyze his studies on morphogenesis, issues of physiological and reparative regeneration of various organs and tissues – skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue, bone tissue, structures of the maxillary system, organs of the central nervous system, limb regeneration in amphibians, as well as regeneration of the nervous tissue of various vertebrates is given.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85398205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-14DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-50-57
L. A. Musina, O. R. Shangin, B. R. Nazmutdinov, E. M. Gareev, E. P. Solov'eva, I. F. Musin
The aim of research was to study morphological features of the synovial membrane and articular cartilage of rats under simulated adjuvant arthritis and application of allogeneic biomaterial.Material and methods. To simulate rheumatoid arthritis, 12 white outbred female rats were injected 100 μl of complete Freund's adjuvant into the plantar surface of the hind paw. In 7 days, 5 mg of the allogeneic biomaterial “Regeneration stimulator” dissolved in physiological solution was injected into the periarticular bursae of the right knee joint and surrounding tissues in the rats of the main experimental group (n=6). Saline solution was injected into animals of the main control group (n=6). Intact rats (n=6) were included in the intact control group. All the animals were withdrawn from the experiment in 37 days after the onset of the experiment. The knee joints of rats were examined using standard histological, morphometric and statistical methods.Results. Animals of the main control group manifested signs of degenerative changes of varying degrees in the articular apparatus. Proliferation of the synovial cells and tissue hyperplasia were detected in the synovial membrane, these leading to the formation of pannus. There was disorganization of the connective tissue: they were thinned, the fibrous layer was separated, the cartilage and bone tissue were destructed. In animals of the experimental group, there were no signs of tissue hyperplasia and edema, pronounced pannus were not detected after the introduction of the allogeneic biomaterial in the synovial membrane. Mild signs of arthritis manifested as slightly increased processes of the synovial cell proliferation and moderate perivascular infiltration with cellular elements were detected in 2 rats. There were no changes in the structure of the cartilage and bone in the knee joint.Conclusion. Intraarticular injection of the allogeneic biomaterial "Regeneration Stimulator" in rats with simulated autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis is accompanied by a decreased external manifestations of a generalized inflammatory process in the knee joints, and by a decreased inflammation and degenerative changes in the articular apparatus at the tissue level. Notably, the structures of the synovial membrane, the articular cartilage of the knee joint and the underlying subchondral bone are preserved compared with animals of the control group.
{"title":"Morphological Features of the Synovial Membrane and Articular Cartilage in Rats under Simulated Adjuvant Arthritis and Application of Allogeneic Biomaterial","authors":"L. A. Musina, O. R. Shangin, B. R. Nazmutdinov, E. M. Gareev, E. P. Solov'eva, I. F. Musin","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-50-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-50-57","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of research was to study morphological features of the synovial membrane and articular cartilage of rats under simulated adjuvant arthritis and application of allogeneic biomaterial.Material and methods. To simulate rheumatoid arthritis, 12 white outbred female rats were injected 100 μl of complete Freund's adjuvant into the plantar surface of the hind paw. In 7 days, 5 mg of the allogeneic biomaterial “Regeneration stimulator” dissolved in physiological solution was injected into the periarticular bursae of the right knee joint and surrounding tissues in the rats of the main experimental group (n=6). Saline solution was injected into animals of the main control group (n=6). Intact rats (n=6) were included in the intact control group. All the animals were withdrawn from the experiment in 37 days after the onset of the experiment. The knee joints of rats were examined using standard histological, morphometric and statistical methods.Results. Animals of the main control group manifested signs of degenerative changes of varying degrees in the articular apparatus. Proliferation of the synovial cells and tissue hyperplasia were detected in the synovial membrane, these leading to the formation of pannus. There was disorganization of the connective tissue: they were thinned, the fibrous layer was separated, the cartilage and bone tissue were destructed. In animals of the experimental group, there were no signs of tissue hyperplasia and edema, pronounced pannus were not detected after the introduction of the allogeneic biomaterial in the synovial membrane. Mild signs of arthritis manifested as slightly increased processes of the synovial cell proliferation and moderate perivascular infiltration with cellular elements were detected in 2 rats. There were no changes in the structure of the cartilage and bone in the knee joint.Conclusion. Intraarticular injection of the allogeneic biomaterial \"Regeneration Stimulator\" in rats with simulated autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis is accompanied by a decreased external manifestations of a generalized inflammatory process in the knee joints, and by a decreased inflammation and degenerative changes in the articular apparatus at the tissue level. Notably, the structures of the synovial membrane, the articular cartilage of the knee joint and the underlying subchondral bone are preserved compared with animals of the control group.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"381 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85218698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-9-19
D. A. Sokolov, N. Alexeeva, D. Nikityuk, S. Klochkova, E. Lushnikova
This review contains literature data covering the structure and functions of the subfornical organ (SFO). The SFO belongs to the sensory group of formations located around the III and IV ventricles and constituting the circumventricular system of the brain. Despite its small size, the SFO has four departments, which differ from each other in the features of cyto-, myelo-, and angioarchitectonics. The structural features of the blood-brain barrier in the SFO allow many substances to directly contact with its cellular elements. A distinctive feature of the SFO is that circulating substances can stay in the capillaries for an unusually long time. Perivascular spaces, located around type I and III capillaries, penetrate the organ like thin channels and provide the substances in the interstitial fluid with a large surface area for interacting with the receptor field. A characteristic feature of the SFO is tanycytes, whose intertwining processes extend throughout the organ and form multiple contacts with neurons and the vascular bed. SFO is an important link in the regulation of homeostasis. It takes part in the regulation of blood pressure and drinking behavior, controls the water and electrolyte balance and energy metabolism, and also acts as an important link in neuro-immune interactions. Such structural and functional features of the SFO make it a promising object of neurobiological research.
{"title":"Morphofunctional Organization of the Subfornical Organ","authors":"D. A. Sokolov, N. Alexeeva, D. Nikityuk, S. Klochkova, E. Lushnikova","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-9-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-9-19","url":null,"abstract":"This review contains literature data covering the structure and functions of the subfornical organ (SFO). The SFO belongs to the sensory group of formations located around the III and IV ventricles and constituting the circumventricular system of the brain. Despite its small size, the SFO has four departments, which differ from each other in the features of cyto-, myelo-, and angioarchitectonics. The structural features of the blood-brain barrier in the SFO allow many substances to directly contact with its cellular elements. A distinctive feature of the SFO is that circulating substances can stay in the capillaries for an unusually long time. Perivascular spaces, located around type I and III capillaries, penetrate the organ like thin channels and provide the substances in the interstitial fluid with a large surface area for interacting with the receptor field. A characteristic feature of the SFO is tanycytes, whose intertwining processes extend throughout the organ and form multiple contacts with neurons and the vascular bed. SFO is an important link in the regulation of homeostasis. It takes part in the regulation of blood pressure and drinking behavior, controls the water and electrolyte balance and energy metabolism, and also acts as an important link in neuro-immune interactions. Such structural and functional features of the SFO make it a promising object of neurobiological research.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"262 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79144082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-29-36
A. Ermolenko
Currently, in humans, the ratio of the index and ring fingers (2D:4D ratio) determines the morphological type of the hand: type 1 or radial (2D>4D), type 2 or neutral (2D=4D), type 3 or ulnar (2D<4D). However, the above differences do not allow for morphological verification of the hand shape as a whole.The aim of the study was to inspect the hand shapes depending on its morphology based on radiographical images with geometric morphometric methods.Material and methods. Geometric morphometry included an analysis of the right hand shape described by 20 landmarks located on digital radiographic images (anteriorposterior projection) in 50 males and 50 females. Each hand was classified according to whether the index finger was longer, equal to, or shorter than the ring finger by visual assessment.Results. The study revealed differences between the hand shapes in the transverse direction, namely, the hands of the ulnar type (U) were wider, while the hands of the radial type (R) were narrower. The hands of neutral shape, unlike the other two types, were more oval in shape. In average, the hand shape depended on the morphological type. The most pronounced shape transformations were due to the geometry of the metacarpal bones in the transverse direction, and due to the geometry of the II, IV and V fingers in the longitudinal direction. Intergroup differences in width were revealed between the group of hands of radial (R)-neutral (N) types and ulnar (U) type, and in length between the group of hands of radial (R)-ulnar (U) types and neutral (N) type. The allometry of the hand shape was minimal.Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate the potentials of geometric morphometry for analysis of the human hand shapes and their variability depending on the morphological type.
{"title":"Geometric Morphometric Analysis of the Human Hand Morphology Based on X-ray Imaging","authors":"A. Ermolenko","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-29-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-29-36","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, in humans, the ratio of the index and ring fingers (2D:4D ratio) determines the morphological type of the hand: type 1 or radial (2D>4D), type 2 or neutral (2D=4D), type 3 or ulnar (2D<4D). However, the above differences do not allow for morphological verification of the hand shape as a whole.The aim of the study was to inspect the hand shapes depending on its morphology based on radiographical images with geometric morphometric methods.Material and methods. Geometric morphometry included an analysis of the right hand shape described by 20 landmarks located on digital radiographic images (anteriorposterior projection) in 50 males and 50 females. Each hand was classified according to whether the index finger was longer, equal to, or shorter than the ring finger by visual assessment.Results. The study revealed differences between the hand shapes in the transverse direction, namely, the hands of the ulnar type (U) were wider, while the hands of the radial type (R) were narrower. The hands of neutral shape, unlike the other two types, were more oval in shape. In average, the hand shape depended on the morphological type. The most pronounced shape transformations were due to the geometry of the metacarpal bones in the transverse direction, and due to the geometry of the II, IV and V fingers in the longitudinal direction. Intergroup differences in width were revealed between the group of hands of radial (R)-neutral (N) types and ulnar (U) type, and in length between the group of hands of radial (R)-ulnar (U) types and neutral (N) type. The allometry of the hand shape was minimal.Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate the potentials of geometric morphometry for analysis of the human hand shapes and their variability depending on the morphological type.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85823127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-20-28
Z. Vorontsova, O. D. Zhilyaeva, V. V. Shishkina, S. Zolotareva, T. V. Samoilenko, E. S. Goryushkina, L. N. Antakova
Acute herpes simplex virus infection in pregnant women results in intrauterine infection of the fetus in 45–50% of cases, thus being the cause of septic complications and severe somatic and neurological disorders in the newborn.The aim of the study was to investigate the placentas of new mothers with newly diagnosed herpes simplex virus type 2 infection (HSV-2) using histological and immunochemical methods.Material and methods. This histological study included 10 placentas of new mothers after operative delivery by caesarean section with newly diagnosed HSV-2 infection. The comparison group (control) consisted of 10 placentas of women with a physiological pregnancy. Histological sections of the placenta were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Giemsa's solution and Picro-Mallory staining. Identification of the pro- and antiinflammatory phenotype of macrophages (CD68, CD163), subpopulations of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, TLR4 receptor expression was performed by immunohistochemical method using specific antibodies. Quantification of the cell population and TLR4 receptors was performed morphometrically. The data obtained were statistically analysed using MS Excel (2016) and SPSS Statistics 17.0.Results. Morphological manifestations of acute herpes simplex virus infection were combined inflammatory and compensatory in nature in the third trimester of pregnancy. The histological picture of the fetal part of the placenta demonstrated a decreased number of M2 (antiinflammatory) macrophages and an increased number of M1 (pro-inflammatory) macrophages. The imbalance between CD163+ and CD68+ profiles of placental macrophages with the numerical predominance of the latter evidenced a pronounced cellular immune response; this, in turn, was supported by intense TLR4 immunopositive staining of the fetal part of the placenta. There was perivillous fibrin deposition of varying degrees, villus agglutination, and necrosis of trophoblast cells associated with a relatively small population of CD4+ and CD8+. Villitis of viral etiology was characterized by destructive infiltration of maternal CD8+ T-lymphocytes penetrating the chorionic villi, combined with activated macrophages in the villi of the fetal part of the placenta. Modifications in the proportion of immune cells during HSV-2 infection supported cytotoxic and autoimmune reactions in the placenta in response to HSV-2 introduction.Conclusion. The results obtained evidence the development of a pronounced immunopathological process in the tissues of the fetal part of the placenta, which results in the decreased protective and compensatory properties of the placenta and increases risk of perinatal complications.
{"title":"Histological Properties of Placentas in Acute Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Affecting Genitals","authors":"Z. Vorontsova, O. D. Zhilyaeva, V. V. Shishkina, S. Zolotareva, T. V. Samoilenko, E. S. Goryushkina, L. N. Antakova","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-20-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-1-20-28","url":null,"abstract":"Acute herpes simplex virus infection in pregnant women results in intrauterine infection of the fetus in 45–50% of cases, thus being the cause of septic complications and severe somatic and neurological disorders in the newborn.The aim of the study was to investigate the placentas of new mothers with newly diagnosed herpes simplex virus type 2 infection (HSV-2) using histological and immunochemical methods.Material and methods. This histological study included 10 placentas of new mothers after operative delivery by caesarean section with newly diagnosed HSV-2 infection. The comparison group (control) consisted of 10 placentas of women with a physiological pregnancy. Histological sections of the placenta were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Giemsa's solution and Picro-Mallory staining. Identification of the pro- and antiinflammatory phenotype of macrophages (CD68, CD163), subpopulations of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, TLR4 receptor expression was performed by immunohistochemical method using specific antibodies. Quantification of the cell population and TLR4 receptors was performed morphometrically. The data obtained were statistically analysed using MS Excel (2016) and SPSS Statistics 17.0.Results. Morphological manifestations of acute herpes simplex virus infection were combined inflammatory and compensatory in nature in the third trimester of pregnancy. The histological picture of the fetal part of the placenta demonstrated a decreased number of M2 (antiinflammatory) macrophages and an increased number of M1 (pro-inflammatory) macrophages. The imbalance between CD163+ and CD68+ profiles of placental macrophages with the numerical predominance of the latter evidenced a pronounced cellular immune response; this, in turn, was supported by intense TLR4 immunopositive staining of the fetal part of the placenta. There was perivillous fibrin deposition of varying degrees, villus agglutination, and necrosis of trophoblast cells associated with a relatively small population of CD4+ and CD8+. Villitis of viral etiology was characterized by destructive infiltration of maternal CD8+ T-lymphocytes penetrating the chorionic villi, combined with activated macrophages in the villi of the fetal part of the placenta. Modifications in the proportion of immune cells during HSV-2 infection supported cytotoxic and autoimmune reactions in the placenta in response to HSV-2 introduction.Conclusion. The results obtained evidence the development of a pronounced immunopathological process in the tissues of the fetal part of the placenta, which results in the decreased protective and compensatory properties of the placenta and increases risk of perinatal complications.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"os-45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87239835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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