Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-9-21
D. Nikityuk, S. O. Fetisov, S. Klochkova, N. Alexeeva
Abstract. between the morphological and functional state of spinal ganglia neurons and the dynamics of healing of a purulent wound in an experimental animal during its natural course and complex therapy with hydropulse sanitation (HIS) and the addition of platelet-rich blood plasma (PRP). Material and methods. In an experiment on 100 white outbred rats, a purulent wound on the lateral surface of the thigh was modeled by introducing a daily culture of Staphyllococcus aureus. Two groups were formed: natural healing and healing after therapy with hydropulse sanitation of the wound with an isotonic NaCl solution followed by the addition of platelet-enriched autoplasma. The material for the study was taken on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, and 21st days. The area of the wound and the dynamics of its healing were assessed using the planimetric method. For the study, lumbar spinal ganglia (SG) of segments LIII–LV. were taken. At the light-optical level, after staining with cresyl violet according to Nissl and azure B according to the S. Shea method, the area of nerve cells was measured, photometry of RNA content was carried out, and the number of satellite gliocytes was counted. The obtained data were processed using statistical analysis methods. Results. The healing process of a purulent skin wound ended with the formation of a scar on days 7–14 for both experimental groups. The use of GIS and PRP demonstrated better dynamics of defect closure - a reduction in wound area by 59.35±3.4% (p=0.018) in the period from 3 to 5 days, compared with 40.05±2.9% (p=0.009) with natural healing. The response of SG neurons during healing was characterized by pronounced polymorphism. The maximum number of cells with reactive changes during natural healing was observed on the 5th day of the experiment (17.2±3.2% for A-neurons and 36.7±4.3% for B-neurons). Complex therapy led to a decrease in the proportion of both reactively altered and destructive neurons. The cell area, RNA content, and the number of satellite glia increased on average by the 7th day of the experiment. Separate close correlations were identified between the dynamics of changes in the wound area and the studied quantitative characteristics. Conclusion. A purulent wound causes a complex of nonspecific reactions in the neurons of the SG. In the dynamics of wound healing, neurons with reactive changes more often demonstrated biphasic dynamics, more pronounced for B-type cells with a primary reaction on days 1–3 and a further transition to regenerative hypertrophy or destruction. Regenerative changes in SG neurons had a close correlation with the processes of regeneration of the wound defect.
{"title":"Morphofunctional Characteristics of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons in the Dynamics of Healing of a Purulent Wound","authors":"D. Nikityuk, S. O. Fetisov, S. Klochkova, N. Alexeeva","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-9-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-9-21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. between the morphological and functional state of spinal ganglia neurons and the dynamics of healing of a purulent wound in an experimental animal during its natural course and complex therapy with hydropulse sanitation (HIS) and the addition of platelet-rich blood plasma (PRP). Material and methods. In an experiment on 100 white outbred rats, a purulent wound on the lateral surface of the thigh was modeled by introducing a daily culture of Staphyllococcus aureus. Two groups were formed: natural healing and healing after therapy with hydropulse sanitation of the wound with an isotonic NaCl solution followed by the addition of platelet-enriched autoplasma. The material for the study was taken on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th, and 21st days. The area of the wound and the dynamics of its healing were assessed using the planimetric method. For the study, lumbar spinal ganglia (SG) of segments LIII–LV. were taken. At the light-optical level, after staining with cresyl violet according to Nissl and azure B according to the S. Shea method, the area of nerve cells was measured, photometry of RNA content was carried out, and the number of satellite gliocytes was counted. The obtained data were processed using statistical analysis methods. Results. The healing process of a purulent skin wound ended with the formation of a scar on days 7–14 for both experimental groups. The use of GIS and PRP demonstrated better dynamics of defect closure - a reduction in wound area by 59.35±3.4% (p=0.018) in the period from 3 to 5 days, compared with 40.05±2.9% (p=0.009) with natural healing. The response of SG neurons during healing was characterized by pronounced polymorphism. The maximum number of cells with reactive changes during natural healing was observed on the 5th day of the experiment (17.2±3.2% for A-neurons and 36.7±4.3% for B-neurons). Complex therapy led to a decrease in the proportion of both reactively altered and destructive neurons. The cell area, RNA content, and the number of satellite glia increased on average by the 7th day of the experiment. Separate close correlations were identified between the dynamics of changes in the wound area and the studied quantitative characteristics. Conclusion. A purulent wound causes a complex of nonspecific reactions in the neurons of the SG. In the dynamics of wound healing, neurons with reactive changes more often demonstrated biphasic dynamics, more pronounced for B-type cells with a primary reaction on days 1–3 and a further transition to regenerative hypertrophy or destruction. Regenerative changes in SG neurons had a close correlation with the processes of regeneration of the wound defect.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"79 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-47-53
A. Kolsanov, S. N. Chemidronov, G. N. Suvorova
Morphological organization of the levator ani muscle still remains unclear due to methodological problems in the study of the pelvic floor muscles. Therefore, the study of the histological structure of muscle tissue m. levator ani in animals is of not only theoretical but also practical importance for the study and modeling of pelvic floor dysfunction conditions in animal models. The aim is to study the enzymohistochemical and ultramicroscopic organization of the levator ani muscle in white laboratory rats. Material and methods. The study was performed on 10 laboratory Wistar rats (5 females and 5 males) aged 12–14 months. The metabolic profile of muscle fibers was determined using the Nachlass succinate dehydrogenase test. Imaging and linear measurements were carried out on a Leica UC 7 microscope (Germany), using its software. Ultrathin sections were counterstained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, viewed nd photographed using a Hitachi HT 7700 Exalens (Japan) electron microscope. Results. All types of muscle fibers are present in levator ani muscle: slow fibers and rapid muscle fibers of typs IIA and IIB. It has been established that the total cross-sectional area of white type fibers is 3 times greater than the total area of other fibers. Significant sex differences were found in relative square parameters of glycolytic fibers in m. levator ani (p=0,009). At the ultrastructural level, it was found that in some muscle fibers the mitochondrial apparatus is well developed, in others, mitochondria are few in number, have smaller sizes, are located singly between myofibrils, without forming clusters. In such fibers, there are large accumulations of glycogen between the myofibrils. Conclusion. In the laboratory rat, the levator ani muscle is heterogeneous both in metabolic activity of muscle fibers and in ultrastructural organization. This feature of the muscle involves not only static work in creating intra-abdominal pressure and retaining the pelvic organs, but also isotonic contraction, acting as a synergist to ensure the movement of the tail.
{"title":"Histotopographic Organization of Levator Ani Muscle in Laboratory Rats","authors":"A. Kolsanov, S. N. Chemidronov, G. N. Suvorova","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-47-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-47-53","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological organization of the levator ani muscle still remains unclear due to methodological problems in the study of the pelvic floor muscles. Therefore, the study of the histological structure of muscle tissue m. levator ani in animals is of not only theoretical but also practical importance for the study and modeling of pelvic floor dysfunction conditions in animal models. The aim is to study the enzymohistochemical and ultramicroscopic organization of the levator ani muscle in white laboratory rats. Material and methods. The study was performed on 10 laboratory Wistar rats (5 females and 5 males) aged 12–14 months. The metabolic profile of muscle fibers was determined using the Nachlass succinate dehydrogenase test. Imaging and linear measurements were carried out on a Leica UC 7 microscope (Germany), using its software. Ultrathin sections were counterstained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, viewed nd photographed using a Hitachi HT 7700 Exalens (Japan) electron microscope. Results. All types of muscle fibers are present in levator ani muscle: slow fibers and rapid muscle fibers of typs IIA and IIB. It has been established that the total cross-sectional area of white type fibers is 3 times greater than the total area of other fibers. Significant sex differences were found in relative square parameters of glycolytic fibers in m. levator ani (p=0,009). At the ultrastructural level, it was found that in some muscle fibers the mitochondrial apparatus is well developed, in others, mitochondria are few in number, have smaller sizes, are located singly between myofibrils, without forming clusters. In such fibers, there are large accumulations of glycogen between the myofibrils. Conclusion. In the laboratory rat, the levator ani muscle is heterogeneous both in metabolic activity of muscle fibers and in ultrastructural organization. This feature of the muscle involves not only static work in creating intra-abdominal pressure and retaining the pelvic organs, but also isotonic contraction, acting as a synergist to ensure the movement of the tail.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"91 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-54-61
A. D. Lisovskii, A. V. Droblenkov, P. S. Bobkov, A. A. Bairamov
This study is devoted to the morphological substantiation of the model of male hypogonadism and establishing the effectiveness of its replacement therapy using morphological methods. Material and methods. 5 groups of adult male Wistar rats (4 individuals each) were studied. Four groups of rats were experimental. Under anesthesia, the left and right spermatic cords with the vascular bundle were tied with a temporary ligature, inducing hypogonadism. In the first two experimental groups of rats, the ligature was applied for 30 and 60 minutes (respectively). Animals in the other two experimental groups received replacement therapy by administering kisspeptin K6. Animals of the third experimental group began to receive kisspeptin a few minutes after restoration of blood flow in the testicle (ex tempore), and rats of the fourth group - after 3 days. The duration of replacement therapy is 7 days. In histological sections of the right and left testicle (n = 8), the number of viable and dying interstitial endocrine cells was counted (under the control of an immunohistochemical reaction with caspase 3), the percentage of these types of cells from their total number was calculated, and the area of viable endocrinocytes was determined. Testosterone levels were determined in the blood of animals of all groups. The significance of differences in the median, upper and lower quartiles of the compared parameters was determined using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test. Results. It has been established that the modeling of male hypogonadism by applying a double-sided ligature to the vessels of the spermatic cord for 60 minutes and the animals experiencing it for the next 10 days induces pronounced reactive changes and the death of some interstitial cells, inhibition and cessation of spermatogenesis. Kisspeptin KS6, administered ex tempore and regularly after acute ischemia, has a protective effect on interstitial endocrinocytes and testicular spermatogenic cells, including anti-apoptotic, restoring spermatogenesis, probably realized through the activation of the central links of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis.
{"title":"Model of Hypogonadism by Method of Testicular Ischemization and its Morphological Substantiation","authors":"A. D. Lisovskii, A. V. Droblenkov, P. S. Bobkov, A. A. Bairamov","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-54-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-54-61","url":null,"abstract":"This study is devoted to the morphological substantiation of the model of male hypogonadism and establishing the effectiveness of its replacement therapy using morphological methods. Material and methods. 5 groups of adult male Wistar rats (4 individuals each) were studied. Four groups of rats were experimental. Under anesthesia, the left and right spermatic cords with the vascular bundle were tied with a temporary ligature, inducing hypogonadism. In the first two experimental groups of rats, the ligature was applied for 30 and 60 minutes (respectively). Animals in the other two experimental groups received replacement therapy by administering kisspeptin K6. Animals of the third experimental group began to receive kisspeptin a few minutes after restoration of blood flow in the testicle (ex tempore), and rats of the fourth group - after 3 days. The duration of replacement therapy is 7 days. In histological sections of the right and left testicle (n = 8), the number of viable and dying interstitial endocrine cells was counted (under the control of an immunohistochemical reaction with caspase 3), the percentage of these types of cells from their total number was calculated, and the area of viable endocrinocytes was determined. Testosterone levels were determined in the blood of animals of all groups. The significance of differences in the median, upper and lower quartiles of the compared parameters was determined using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test. Results. It has been established that the modeling of male hypogonadism by applying a double-sided ligature to the vessels of the spermatic cord for 60 minutes and the animals experiencing it for the next 10 days induces pronounced reactive changes and the death of some interstitial cells, inhibition and cessation of spermatogenesis. Kisspeptin KS6, administered ex tempore and regularly after acute ischemia, has a protective effect on interstitial endocrinocytes and testicular spermatogenic cells, including anti-apoptotic, restoring spermatogenesis, probably realized through the activation of the central links of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"86 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-62-67
S. P. Pavlov, S. E. Baibakov, E. I. Zyablova, I. G. Nosulya
Two classifications are currently most commonly used to classify branching variations of the celiac trunk (CT): N. Michels (1955) and R. Uflacker (1997). Many researchers note the imperfection of classifications and make additions to each of them. The aim is to determine the anatomical variants of the branching of the CT, and to perform a morphometry of it’s main branches. Material and methods. A sample of 700 MSCT angiograms of the abdominal aorta was analyzed. The study examined angiograms of 602 men and 98 women. Visualization of the vessels of the CT and measurement of the diameter of the arteries was carried out using digital computer programs of the personal station of the radiologist «Syngo.via». Results. The most common type of CT (77,9% observations), according to the classification of N. Michels, was type I, when the common hepatic artery (CHA) originated from the CT. The frequency of other variants was 22,1%. According to R. Uflacker, the most common variant (90,3% cases) was type I, corresponding to the typical anatomy of the CT, with the origin of the splenic, common hepatic and left gastric arteries. In addition to the main variants of the arterial basin of the liver and types of branching of the CT, we noted additional arteries that were not included in both classifications. In 48 cases, such vessels as the left inferior phrenic artery (44 observations / 91,7%), two inferior phrenic arteries (2IPA) (3 observations / 6,3%), and the right hepatic artery (RHA) (1 observation / 2,1%) were identified as originated from the CT. Conclusion. In the course of our study, we detected variants of CT that were not included in any of the most commonly used classifications: the RHA and 2IPA which ramified from CT. Three morphometric parameters of the CT: its length, diameter, and diameter of common hepatic artery had a significant correlation with gender. We consider that the data obtained on the variant anatomy of the CT will make additions to the current classifications in order to detail and objectify variations of the celiac-mesenteric basin arteries.
{"title":"Variant Anatomy and Morphometric Characteristics of the Celiac Trunk and its Branches According to Multislice Computed Tomography","authors":"S. P. Pavlov, S. E. Baibakov, E. I. Zyablova, I. G. Nosulya","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-62-67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-62-67","url":null,"abstract":"Two classifications are currently most commonly used to classify branching variations of the celiac trunk (CT): N. Michels (1955) and R. Uflacker (1997). Many researchers note the imperfection of classifications and make additions to each of them. The aim is to determine the anatomical variants of the branching of the CT, and to perform a morphometry of it’s main branches. Material and methods. A sample of 700 MSCT angiograms of the abdominal aorta was analyzed. The study examined angiograms of 602 men and 98 women. Visualization of the vessels of the CT and measurement of the diameter of the arteries was carried out using digital computer programs of the personal station of the radiologist «Syngo.via». Results. The most common type of CT (77,9% observations), according to the classification of N. Michels, was type I, when the common hepatic artery (CHA) originated from the CT. The frequency of other variants was 22,1%. According to R. Uflacker, the most common variant (90,3% cases) was type I, corresponding to the typical anatomy of the CT, with the origin of the splenic, common hepatic and left gastric arteries. In addition to the main variants of the arterial basin of the liver and types of branching of the CT, we noted additional arteries that were not included in both classifications. In 48 cases, such vessels as the left inferior phrenic artery (44 observations / 91,7%), two inferior phrenic arteries (2IPA) (3 observations / 6,3%), and the right hepatic artery (RHA) (1 observation / 2,1%) were identified as originated from the CT. Conclusion. In the course of our study, we detected variants of CT that were not included in any of the most commonly used classifications: the RHA and 2IPA which ramified from CT. Three morphometric parameters of the CT: its length, diameter, and diameter of common hepatic artery had a significant correlation with gender. We consider that the data obtained on the variant anatomy of the CT will make additions to the current classifications in order to detail and objectify variations of the celiac-mesenteric basin arteries.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"73 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-38-46
D. A. Kavalerova, G. L. Snigur, S. S. Surin, I. Tyurenkov, D. A. Bakulin, E. Y. Sakharova
The aim is to identify the features of Klotho protein expression in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules of the kidney during prolonged experimental hyperglycemia and pharmacological correction with GABA derivatives. Material and methods. The study used 50 mongrel male rats (initial weight: 330,0–360,0 g) with streptozotocin diabetes lasting 6 months. 6 months after the injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), animals with a glycemic level of ≥ 15 mmol/l were included in the study (after 4 hours of food deprivation), then GABA derivatives (aminalon, mefargine, succicard) were administered orally for 30 days. Proteinuria and serum creatinine concentrations were evaluated. After euthanasia, kidney tissue was fixed in buffered neutral formalin and examined using immunofluorescence microscopy. The intensity of the glow was evaluated based on a visual-analog scale. Results. In the group with chronic hyperglycemia without treatment, there was a significant increase in the protein content in daily urine and serum creatinine levels (p<0,05). In the group of animals with chronic hyperglycemia without treatment, there was a significant decrease in the expression of Klotho protein compared to the group of intact animals during immunofluorescence analysis. In the group treated with the GABA derivative succicard, there was an improvement in the functional state of the kidneys, accompanied by a significant increase (p≤0,0001) in the area of Klotho-positive material in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules of the kidney in relation to the group of animals with prolonged hyperglycemia without treatment. Conclusion. Prolonged hyperglycemia causes severe renal dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin diabetes: an increase the proteinuria and serum creatinine levels is accompanied by a decrease in the expression of Klotho protein in the kidneys. The GABA derivative succicard with course administration improves kidney function and this effect is accompanied by an increase in the expression of Klotho protein.
{"title":"Features of Klotho Protein Expression in Rat Kidneys in Experimental Hyperglycemia Against the Background of Pharmacological Correction with GABA Derivatives","authors":"D. A. Kavalerova, G. L. Snigur, S. S. Surin, I. Tyurenkov, D. A. Bakulin, E. Y. Sakharova","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-38-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-38-46","url":null,"abstract":"The aim is to identify the features of Klotho protein expression in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules of the kidney during prolonged experimental hyperglycemia and pharmacological correction with GABA derivatives. Material and methods. The study used 50 mongrel male rats (initial weight: 330,0–360,0 g) with streptozotocin diabetes lasting 6 months. 6 months after the injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), animals with a glycemic level of ≥ 15 mmol/l were included in the study (after 4 hours of food deprivation), then GABA derivatives (aminalon, mefargine, succicard) were administered orally for 30 days. Proteinuria and serum creatinine concentrations were evaluated. After euthanasia, kidney tissue was fixed in buffered neutral formalin and examined using immunofluorescence microscopy. The intensity of the glow was evaluated based on a visual-analog scale. Results. In the group with chronic hyperglycemia without treatment, there was a significant increase in the protein content in daily urine and serum creatinine levels (p<0,05). In the group of animals with chronic hyperglycemia without treatment, there was a significant decrease in the expression of Klotho protein compared to the group of intact animals during immunofluorescence analysis. In the group treated with the GABA derivative succicard, there was an improvement in the functional state of the kidneys, accompanied by a significant increase (p≤0,0001) in the area of Klotho-positive material in the epithelium of the convoluted tubules of the kidney in relation to the group of animals with prolonged hyperglycemia without treatment. Conclusion. Prolonged hyperglycemia causes severe renal dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin diabetes: an increase the proteinuria and serum creatinine levels is accompanied by a decrease in the expression of Klotho protein in the kidneys. The GABA derivative succicard with course administration improves kidney function and this effect is accompanied by an increase in the expression of Klotho protein.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"2 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-22-30
A. S. Volosnik
The aim of the study was to identify somatotypological features of linear parameters and bilateral dimorphism of the auricles in 18–20-year-old girls. Material and methods. The study included 140 girls aged 18–20 permanently living on the territory of the Luhansk People's Republic. They were exposed to somatotyping and cephalotyping. During auriculometry, 20 linear dimensions of each auricle were measured. The results obtained were processed using ANOVA and MANOVA and correlation analyses. The index of bilateral dimorphism of auriculometry parameters was determined. Differences in mean values were considered statistically significant at p<0,05. Results. As revealed, the auriculometric parameters of the left auricle exceeded those of the auricle of the contralateral side. Average value of the physiognomic length of the left auricle (n=140) was 61,40 mm, that was 3,55% (p<0,001) bigger than the corresponding parameter of the right auricle. In addition, the maximum index value of bilateral dimorphism (0,069) was registered during the analysis of the height of the tragus. In girls with normosthenic body type (n=69), the morphological width of the left auricle and its height also significantly exceeded the corresponding values of the auricle of the opposite side by 4,12% (p=0,017) and 5,56% (p<0,001), respectively. Variance analysis of the results obtained indicates that the somatotype of women, largely than the cephalotype, affects the variability of the auriculometric parameters. Correlation analysis of the findings allowed identifying predominantly statistically significant positive correlations of varying degrees between the studied parameters. The closest correlation (r>0,90) was determined between the physiognomic length and the length of the cartilaginous part, and between the physiognomic length and height of both the right and left auricles. Conclusion. The data obtained relating the constitutional features of the auricular structure in girls aged 18–20 are of practical significance to study the external ear intravitally, and to optimise surgical options for the auricle shape correction.
{"title":"Bilateral Dimorphism of the Auricles in 18–20-year-old Girls","authors":"A. S. Volosnik","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-22-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-4-22-30","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to identify somatotypological features of linear parameters and bilateral dimorphism of the auricles in 18–20-year-old girls. Material and methods. The study included 140 girls aged 18–20 permanently living on the territory of the Luhansk People's Republic. They were exposed to somatotyping and cephalotyping. During auriculometry, 20 linear dimensions of each auricle were measured. The results obtained were processed using ANOVA and MANOVA and correlation analyses. The index of bilateral dimorphism of auriculometry parameters was determined. Differences in mean values were considered statistically significant at p<0,05. Results. As revealed, the auriculometric parameters of the left auricle exceeded those of the auricle of the contralateral side. Average value of the physiognomic length of the left auricle (n=140) was 61,40 mm, that was 3,55% (p<0,001) bigger than the corresponding parameter of the right auricle. In addition, the maximum index value of bilateral dimorphism (0,069) was registered during the analysis of the height of the tragus. In girls with normosthenic body type (n=69), the morphological width of the left auricle and its height also significantly exceeded the corresponding values of the auricle of the opposite side by 4,12% (p=0,017) and 5,56% (p<0,001), respectively. Variance analysis of the results obtained indicates that the somatotype of women, largely than the cephalotype, affects the variability of the auriculometric parameters. Correlation analysis of the findings allowed identifying predominantly statistically significant positive correlations of varying degrees between the studied parameters. The closest correlation (r>0,90) was determined between the physiognomic length and the length of the cartilaginous part, and between the physiognomic length and height of both the right and left auricles. Conclusion. The data obtained relating the constitutional features of the auricular structure in girls aged 18–20 are of practical significance to study the external ear intravitally, and to optimise surgical options for the auricle shape correction.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"85 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139526604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-64-71
K. N. Pustovaya, G. A. P'yavchenko, N. Alexeeva, S. Kuznetsov
According to the latest data, up to 80 % of people in the world are carriers of Demodex mites. Light microscopy is used to detect mites during standardized superficial skin biopsy, skin scraping, etc. The study of histological preparations of the skin affected by Demodex helps analyse morphological changes in the skin structures, specify the structure and localization of insect units. The aim of the study was to analyse the morphofunctional changes in human skin affected by Demodex mites. Material and methods. The authors studied material from 16 male volunteers aged 26–74 years. All participants had signs of dermatitis. Pathological changes in the skin areas affected by Demodex mites and in the normal skin were analysed and compared. The study participants were punch-biopsied and then the preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to the standard technique. Skin layers were morphometrically detected, the coefficient of sclerosis of the sebaceous glands, the degree of destructive changes in the collagen fibers of the dermis and presence of leukocyte infiltration were also determined. Results. The histological picture of the skin affected by Demodex mites demonstrated hypertrophy and destruction of the epidermis layers. The presence of “capsules” with Demodex mites and their metabolic products was manifested as hyperplasia of the epithelium and sebaceous glands. The inflammatory process caused by Demodex mites led to the formation of inflammatory mononuclear infiltration and disruption of the structure of collagen fibers, changes in the lumen of the capillaries, partial loosening of their basement membrane. In the sebaceous glands, processes of sclerosis, shape changes, hypertrophy of the walls, atrophy of sebocytes and disruption of the basement membrane were registered. Conclusion. Demodex mites have a pronounced effect on the morphological structure of the histo-hematic barrier of the skin. This is manifested in the impaired integrity of its basement membranes, and in the pathology of the microcirculatory blood vessels. Histological preparations revealed multiple leukocyte infiltrates and thinned collagen fibers of the dermis at the sites of Demodex mites localisation.
{"title":"Morphological and functional changes in human skin resulted from the impact of Demodex mites","authors":"K. N. Pustovaya, G. A. P'yavchenko, N. Alexeeva, S. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-64-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-64-71","url":null,"abstract":" According to the latest data, up to 80 % of people in the world are carriers of Demodex mites. Light microscopy is used to detect mites during standardized superficial skin biopsy, skin scraping, etc. The study of histological preparations of the skin affected by Demodex helps analyse morphological changes in the skin structures, specify the structure and localization of insect units. The aim of the study was to analyse the morphofunctional changes in human skin affected by Demodex mites. Material and methods. The authors studied material from 16 male volunteers aged 26–74 years. All participants had signs of dermatitis. Pathological changes in the skin areas affected by Demodex mites and in the normal skin were analysed and compared. The study participants were punch-biopsied and then the preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to the standard technique. Skin layers were morphometrically detected, the coefficient of sclerosis of the sebaceous glands, the degree of destructive changes in the collagen fibers of the dermis and presence of leukocyte infiltration were also determined. Results. The histological picture of the skin affected by Demodex mites demonstrated hypertrophy and destruction of the epidermis layers. The presence of “capsules” with Demodex mites and their metabolic products was manifested as hyperplasia of the epithelium and sebaceous glands. The inflammatory process caused by Demodex mites led to the formation of inflammatory mononuclear infiltration and disruption of the structure of collagen fibers, changes in the lumen of the capillaries, partial loosening of their basement membrane. In the sebaceous glands, processes of sclerosis, shape changes, hypertrophy of the walls, atrophy of sebocytes and disruption of the basement membrane were registered. Conclusion. Demodex mites have a pronounced effect on the morphological structure of the histo-hematic barrier of the skin. This is manifested in the impaired integrity of its basement membranes, and in the pathology of the microcirculatory blood vessels. Histological preparations revealed multiple leukocyte infiltrates and thinned collagen fibers of the dermis at the sites of Demodex mites localisation.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78371891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-90-98
N. Shevlyuk
The paper discusses diverse aspects of the concept of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and compares the basics of this concept with the classical concepts of tissue biology. The idea of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition was first suggested by Elizabeth Hay (1927–2007) in 1968 based on the analysis of tridermogenesis in the development and growth of the avian embryo. In the late 80s – early 90s of the twentieth century, the concept of epithelial–mesenchymal transition won supporters-pathomorphologists in our country who applied the concept to explain mechanisms of multiple pathological processes. The controversial issue arises: to which extent the concept of epithelial-mesenchymal transition is validated. It should be noted that a number of its basic principles are open to question. Thus, it is hardly correct to consider the cells of the ectoderma as epithelial cells, since they do not express immunohistochemical markers of epithelial tissue cells. That is, cells with a true epithelial phenotype are not yet represented at this stage of embryogenesis. It should also be taken into account that all evidence for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition is based on indirect immunocytochemical findings (decreased expression of epithelial markers, increased expression of markers of mesenchymal tissue genesis). Moreover, saying about the “epithelial-mesenchymal transition” specialists mean cell populations and not specific cells, which is hardly the same. All the above allows arguing the existence of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition; this issue needs additional research and more fact-based support.
{"title":"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: the history of the concept, debatable issues","authors":"N. Shevlyuk","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-90-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-90-98","url":null,"abstract":" The paper discusses diverse aspects of the concept of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and compares the basics of this concept with the classical concepts of tissue biology. The idea of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition was first suggested by Elizabeth Hay (1927–2007) in 1968 based on the analysis of tridermogenesis in the development and growth of the avian embryo. In the late 80s – early 90s of the twentieth century, the concept of epithelial–mesenchymal transition won supporters-pathomorphologists in our country who applied the concept to explain mechanisms of multiple pathological processes. The controversial issue arises: to which extent the concept of epithelial-mesenchymal transition is validated. It should be noted that a number of its basic principles are open to question. Thus, it is hardly correct to consider the cells of the ectoderma as epithelial cells, since they do not express immunohistochemical markers of epithelial tissue cells. That is, cells with a true epithelial phenotype are not yet represented at this stage of embryogenesis. It should also be taken into account that all evidence for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition is based on indirect immunocytochemical findings (decreased expression of epithelial markers, increased expression of markers of mesenchymal tissue genesis). Moreover, saying about the “epithelial-mesenchymal transition” specialists mean cell populations and not specific cells, which is hardly the same. All the above allows arguing the existence of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition; this issue needs additional research and more fact-based support.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86560601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-49-56
N. Plekhova, A. V. Lagureva, V. Apanasevich, A. A. Tsibulina
Benign breast papilloma is considered a lesion with uncertain malignant potential and, in most cases, it is recommended to be removed. The molecular pathology of ductal hyperplasia of the epithelium in fibroadenomatosis is under intensive study, but at the moment there is no strong enough evidence of diagnostically significant causes of its occurrence. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of E6 and L1 proteins of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in biopsy specimens of breast tissue in fibroadenomatosis. Material and methods. Viral proteins were detected using an immunohistochemical method with primary polyclonal antibodies to the E6 protein of HPV types 16 and 18 and capsid protein L1 of HPV types 1, 6, 11, 16, 18, and 31. Results. In biopsy specimens with fibroadenomatosis of the mammary gland, ductal hyperplasia without atypical proliferation of luminal epithelial cells (NOS 65 %) was most often detected, while atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) was detected in 35 %. Viral proteins E6 and L1 were found in more than 90 % of biopsies, with no significant difference between the synthesis of these proteins depending on the type of epithelial proliferation. There was a moderate correlation between the level of intensity of the capsid protein L1 and proliferation marker Ki-67 syntheses in biopsies with atypical epithelial proliferation. The simultaneous presence of the viral proteins E6, L1 synthesis and the index of Ki-67 cell proliferation in breast tissues with fibroadenomatosis increased under transition of epitheliocytes from typical proliferation to atypical ductal hyperplasia. Conclusion. As demonstrated, there is a correlation between the presence of HPV types 16/18 and atypical changes in the epithelium in breast fibroadenomatosis. The analysed intensity of the E6, L1 and Ki-67 protein syntheses and their simultaneous expression in tissues in benign tumors allows evaluating the risk of epithelial cell malignancy.
{"title":"The role of human papillomavirus in ductal hyperplasia of the epithelium in breast fibroade- nomatosis","authors":"N. Plekhova, A. V. Lagureva, V. Apanasevich, A. A. Tsibulina","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-49-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-49-56","url":null,"abstract":" Benign breast papilloma is considered a lesion with uncertain malignant potential and, in most cases, it is recommended to be removed. The molecular pathology of ductal hyperplasia of the epithelium in fibroadenomatosis is under intensive study, but at the moment there is no strong enough evidence of diagnostically significant causes of its occurrence. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of E6 and L1 proteins of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in biopsy specimens of breast tissue in fibroadenomatosis. Material and methods. Viral proteins were detected using an immunohistochemical method with primary polyclonal antibodies to the E6 protein of HPV types 16 and 18 and capsid protein L1 of HPV types 1, 6, 11, 16, 18, and 31. Results. In biopsy specimens with fibroadenomatosis of the mammary gland, ductal hyperplasia without atypical proliferation of luminal epithelial cells (NOS 65 %) was most often detected, while atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) was detected in 35 %. Viral proteins E6 and L1 were found in more than 90 % of biopsies, with no significant difference between the synthesis of these proteins depending on the type of epithelial proliferation. There was a moderate correlation between the level of intensity of the capsid protein L1 and proliferation marker Ki-67 syntheses in biopsies with atypical epithelial proliferation. The simultaneous presence of the viral proteins E6, L1 synthesis and the index of Ki-67 cell proliferation in breast tissues with fibroadenomatosis increased under transition of epitheliocytes from typical proliferation to atypical ductal hyperplasia. Conclusion. As demonstrated, there is a correlation between the presence of HPV types 16/18 and atypical changes in the epithelium in breast fibroadenomatosis. The analysed intensity of the E6, L1 and Ki-67 protein syntheses and their simultaneous expression in tissues in benign tumors allows evaluating the risk of epithelial cell malignancy.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81856334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-09DOI: 10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-72-78
N. Chuchkova, O. L. Polyakova, A. E. Shklyaev, V. M. Chuchkov, M. Smetanina, K. A. Pazinenko
The aim of the study was to reveal associations between the number of functioning microvessels and formation of adrenergic control (nerve endings containing catecholamine) of the dental pulp in children and adolescents of Udmurtia during the period of permanent teeth eruption. Material and methods. The study included neurovascular bundle of the pulp of teeth extracted for medical reasons at the age of 5 to 14 years. At the light-optical level, the number of functioning capillaries was counted; an electron microscopic technique was used to qualitative assess the microvascular bed. Identification of catecholamines and counting the number of adrenergic nerve endings were performed histochemically using glyoxylic acid. Results. The process of permanent teeth eruption is accompanied by an intensively increased number of functioning capillaries and an increased density of adrenergic nerve endings. The number of functioning microvessels increases significantly (by 3.36 times) during childhood (from 5 to 9 years); the number of capillaries stabilizes in adolescence. The increased number of nerve endings by the end of the childhood period (9 years) is 45.2 ± 12.4 % compared with the age of 5 years. Notably, adrenergic nerve endings modify qualitatively: a pronounced variety of mediatorcontaining forms is replaced by their isomorphic phenotype. With age, predominant distribution of nerve endings along the vessels of the microvasculature tends to increase. Conclusion. Active formation of the microvascular bed during the eruption of permanent teeth is accompanied by an age-dependent increase in the density of localization and qualitative restructuring of adrenergic nerve endings, which provides full catecholaminergic control from the sympathetic nervous system.
{"title":"Microvascular bed and adrenergic nerve endings of the pulp during permanent teeth eruption","authors":"N. Chuchkova, O. L. Polyakova, A. E. Shklyaev, V. M. Chuchkov, M. Smetanina, K. A. Pazinenko","doi":"10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-72-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2023-12-2-72-78","url":null,"abstract":" The aim of the study was to reveal associations between the number of functioning microvessels and formation of adrenergic control (nerve endings containing catecholamine) of the dental pulp in children and adolescents of Udmurtia during the period of permanent teeth eruption. Material and methods. The study included neurovascular bundle of the pulp of teeth extracted for medical reasons at the age of 5 to 14 years. At the light-optical level, the number of functioning capillaries was counted; an electron microscopic technique was used to qualitative assess the microvascular bed. Identification of catecholamines and counting the number of adrenergic nerve endings were performed histochemically using glyoxylic acid. Results. The process of permanent teeth eruption is accompanied by an intensively increased number of functioning capillaries and an increased density of adrenergic nerve endings. The number of functioning microvessels increases significantly (by 3.36 times) during childhood (from 5 to 9 years); the number of capillaries stabilizes in adolescence. The increased number of nerve endings by the end of the childhood period (9 years) is 45.2 ± 12.4 % compared with the age of 5 years. Notably, adrenergic nerve endings modify qualitatively: a pronounced variety of mediatorcontaining forms is replaced by their isomorphic phenotype. With age, predominant distribution of nerve endings along the vessels of the microvasculature tends to increase. Conclusion. Active formation of the microvascular bed during the eruption of permanent teeth is accompanied by an age-dependent increase in the density of localization and qualitative restructuring of adrenergic nerve endings, which provides full catecholaminergic control from the sympathetic nervous system.","PeriodicalId":15028,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78000797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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