Pub Date : 2021-09-20DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.S12.002
Christopher A. Beaudoin, T. Blundell
Antibodies are an essential component of the adaptive immune system that function to neutralize foreign invaders, such as bacterial and parasitic pathogens. However, B-cell epitopes remain difficult to predict due to their general indistinguishability from other protein regions. Epitope prediction tools in the past have largely relied on amino acid sequence similarity; however, implementing three-dimensional protein structure analyses into the epitope prediction algorithms has been shown to increase detection accuracy. Furthermore, structural comparisons between antigenic proteins for their potential to bind cross-reactive antibodies have not been explored extensively in the literature. Recent studies have pointed to the utility of looking at shared epitope structures in predicting antibody crossreactivity, which may shed light on cross-immunity between infectious pathogens and autoimmune diseases induced after infection. Thus, herein, the potential impact of including structural similarity comparisons in detecting shared epitopes is discussed. With the large amount of structural information being determined by three-dimensional computational protein modelling methods, the ability to perform these analyses is becoming more feasible.
{"title":"Antigenic Structural Similarity as a Predictor for Antibody Cross-Reactivity","authors":"Christopher A. Beaudoin, T. Blundell","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S12.002","url":null,"abstract":"Antibodies are an essential component of the adaptive immune system that function to neutralize foreign invaders, \u0000 such as bacterial and parasitic pathogens. However, B-cell epitopes remain difficult to predict due to their general \u0000 indistinguishability from other protein regions. Epitope prediction tools in the past have largely relied on amino acid \u0000 sequence similarity; however, implementing three-dimensional protein structure analyses into the epitope prediction \u0000 algorithms has been shown to increase detection accuracy. Furthermore, structural comparisons between antigenic \u0000 proteins for their potential to bind cross-reactive antibodies have not been explored extensively in the literature. \u0000 Recent studies have pointed to the utility of looking at shared epitope structures in predicting antibody crossreactivity, \u0000 which may shed light on cross-immunity between infectious pathogens and autoimmune diseases induced \u0000 after infection. Thus, herein, the potential impact of including structural similarity comparisons in detecting shared \u0000 epitopes is discussed. With the large amount of structural information being determined by three-dimensional \u0000 computational protein modelling methods, the ability to perform these analyses is becoming more feasible.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75330161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.S12.003
G. D'Agostini, Alfredo Esposito
Based on the information communicated in press releases, and finally published towards the end of 2020 by Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca, we have built up a simple Bayesian model, in which the main quantity of interest plays the role of {em vaccine efficacy} (`$ε$'). The resulting Bayesian Network is processed by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), implemented in JAGS interfaced to R via rjags. As outcome, we get several probability density functions (pdf's) of $ε$, each conditioned on the data provided by the three pharma companies. The result is rather stable against large variations of the number of people participating in the trials and it is `somehow' in good agreement with the results provided by the companies, in the sense that their values correspond to the most probable value (`mode') of the pdf's resulting from MCMC, thus reassuring us about the validity of our simple model. However we maintain that the number to be reported as `vaccine efficacy' should be the mean of the distribution, rather than the mode, as it was already very clear to Laplace about 250 years ago (its `rule of succession' follows from the simplest problem of the kind). This is particularly important in the case in which the number of successes equals the numbers of trials, as it happens with the efficacy against `severe forms' of infection, claimed by Moderna to be 100%. The implication of the various uncertainties on the predicted number of vaccinated infectees is also shown, using both MCMC and approximated formulae.
{"title":"What is the Probability that a Vaccinated Person is Shielded from COVID-19?","authors":"G. D'Agostini, Alfredo Esposito","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S12.003","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the information communicated in press releases, and finally published towards the end of 2020 by Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca, we have built up a simple Bayesian model, in which the main quantity of interest plays the role of {em vaccine efficacy} (`$ε$'). The resulting Bayesian Network is processed by a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), implemented in JAGS interfaced to R via rjags. As outcome, we get several probability density functions (pdf's) of $ε$, each conditioned on the data provided by the three pharma companies. The result is rather stable against large variations of the number of people participating in the trials and it is `somehow' in good agreement with the results provided by the companies, in the sense that their values correspond to the most probable value (`mode') of the pdf's resulting from MCMC, thus reassuring us about the validity of our simple model. However we maintain that the number to be reported as `vaccine efficacy' should be the mean of the distribution, rather than the mode, as it was already very clear to Laplace about 250 years ago (its `rule of succession' follows from the simplest problem of the kind). This is particularly important in the case in which the number of successes equals the numbers of trials, as it happens with the efficacy against `severe forms' of infection, claimed by Moderna to be 100%. The implication of the various uncertainties on the predicted number of vaccinated infectees is also shown, using both MCMC and approximated formulae.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82556472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.S8.004
N. Abbas, M. Qayyum, M. Hasan, M. Shoaib, A. Zafar, A. Riaz, Riaz Hussain Pasah, M. Kamran
The study was conducted from March 2015 to February 2016 in different zones of Tehsil Chakwal in different breeds of cattle to detect the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. A total of the 1039 faecal samples were randomly collected from cattle in the study area and standard laboratory procedures were followed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. The study revealed that the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of cattle was 58.13% with maximum prevalence for trematodes (21.56%) following 18.48% for nematodes and 18.09% for cestodes. Highest prevalence was observed during the months of July and August. Exotic breeds were affected more than local breeds by the helminthes. Prevalence was higher in case of young and male animals as compared to adult and female animals respectively. Higher prevalence rates in the study showed the neglect of better management practices targeted at control of gastrointestinal parasites. It was concluded that age, gender, breed and season are the important factors which influence the epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites.
{"title":"Prevalence and Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Cattle in Different Zones of Tehsil Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"N. Abbas, M. Qayyum, M. Hasan, M. Shoaib, A. Zafar, A. Riaz, Riaz Hussain Pasah, M. Kamran","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S8.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S8.004","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted from March 2015 to February 2016 in different zones of Tehsil Chakwal in different breeds of cattle to detect the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. A total of the 1039 faecal samples were randomly collected from cattle in the study area and standard laboratory procedures were followed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. The study revealed that the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of cattle was 58.13% with maximum prevalence for trematodes (21.56%) following 18.48% for nematodes and 18.09% for cestodes. Highest prevalence was observed during the months of July and August. Exotic breeds were affected more than local breeds by the helminthes. Prevalence was higher in case of young and male animals as compared to adult and female animals respectively. Higher prevalence rates in the study showed the neglect of better management practices targeted at control of gastrointestinal parasites. It was concluded that age, gender, breed and season are the important factors which influence the epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73354275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.398
Souléye Lélo, F. Ly, A. Lam, C. Fall, Issac Manga, Fassiatou Tairou, K. Sylla, M. Ndiaye, D. Sow, R. Tine, B. Faye
Background: Intestinal Parasitic Infections (IPIs) are considered a serious public health problem and widely distributed worldwide, mainly in urban and rural environments of tropical and subtropical countries. Globally, soil- transmitted helminths and protozoa are the most common intestinal parasites. Decreasing the prevalence of IPIs is one of the main aims of health services in these countries. This study was designed to determine the current status of IPIs in children with vulnerable living conditions by microscopy and PCR. Methodology/main findings: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted. One stool sample per participant (n=253) was examined by direct smear, Formal-Ether Concentration (FEC), and real-time PCR. It was found that 17.39% harboured at least one helminth while 12.64% harboured two helminths or more. Among the microscopic techniques, FEC was able to detect the broadest spectrum of parasite species. However, FEC also missed a considerable number of infections, notably S. stercoralis and G. intestinalis. PCR outperformed microscopy in terms of sensitivity and range of parasite species detected. Conclusion: It was shown that intestinal parasites, especially helminths were omnipresent in our population studies. Classical techniques such as FEC are useful for the detection of some intestinal helminth species, but they lack sensitivity for other parasite species. PCR can detect intestinal parasites more accurately but is generally not feasible in resource-poor settings, at least not in peripheral labs. Hence, there is a need for a more field-friendly, sensitive approach for on-the-spot diagnosis of parasitic infections.
{"title":"Detection of Intestinal Parasites in Stool Samples by Microscopy and Real-Time PCR in Children with Vulnerable Living Conditions in Dakar, Senegal","authors":"Souléye Lélo, F. Ly, A. Lam, C. Fall, Issac Manga, Fassiatou Tairou, K. Sylla, M. Ndiaye, D. Sow, R. Tine, B. Faye","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.398","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intestinal Parasitic Infections (IPIs) are considered a serious public health problem and widely distributed worldwide, mainly in urban and rural environments of tropical and subtropical countries. Globally, soil- transmitted helminths and protozoa are the most common intestinal parasites. Decreasing the prevalence of IPIs is one of the main aims of health services in these countries. This study was designed to determine the current status of IPIs in children with vulnerable living conditions by microscopy and PCR. Methodology/main findings: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted. One stool sample per participant (n=253) was examined by direct smear, Formal-Ether Concentration (FEC), and real-time PCR. It was found that 17.39% harboured at least one helminth while 12.64% harboured two helminths or more. Among the microscopic techniques, FEC was able to detect the broadest spectrum of parasite species. However, FEC also missed a considerable number of infections, notably S. stercoralis and G. intestinalis. PCR outperformed microscopy in terms of sensitivity and range of parasite species detected. Conclusion: It was shown that intestinal parasites, especially helminths were omnipresent in our population studies. Classical techniques such as FEC are useful for the detection of some intestinal helminth species, but they lack sensitivity for other parasite species. PCR can detect intestinal parasites more accurately but is generally not feasible in resource-poor settings, at least not in peripheral labs. Hence, there is a need for a more field-friendly, sensitive approach for on-the-spot diagnosis of parasitic infections.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"234 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76293612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.396
H. Geurdes
In this letter we investigate if SARS-CoV-2 RNA is involved in the increased ageing of alveolar cells. Our in silico study is explorative. With the results we are able to outline experiments with AEC2 repair of bleomycin damaged alveolar cells. If AEC2 repair capability is diminished by spike RNA then perhaps this result provides a first step on a route to treat immortal lung cancer cells.
{"title":"Sars-Cov2 Spike and Telomerase RNAandrsquo;s Compared to Arrive at an Explanation for Increased Ageing in Alveolar Cells in Severe COVID-19","authors":"H. Geurdes","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.396","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter we investigate if SARS-CoV-2 RNA is involved in the increased ageing of alveolar cells. Our in silico study is explorative. With the results we are able to outline experiments with AEC2 repair of bleomycin damaged alveolar cells. If AEC2 repair capability is diminished by spike RNA then perhaps this result provides a first step on a route to treat immortal lung cancer cells.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74309361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.S9.005
M. Murugan
Staphylococcus aureus is common bacterial pathogen which causes illnesses ranging from minor infections to life threatening diseases. This bacterium has become major cause of hospital acquired infections. It affects patients who has already weak immune system .It is mostly spread to others by contaminated hands and Skin. Due to skin damages, S.aureus may gain access to tissues or the blood stream and cause infection. These bacteria can survive on dry surfaces and increasing the chance of transmission. It cannot be eradicated by antibiotics like Methicillin, Vanomycin, etc, because it is an antibiotic resistant pathogen. So there is another way to prevent this pathogen’s infection by vaccination. In our lab, few experimental trials were conducted regarding identification and recommendation of various immunogens for vaccine development. The important Immunogens are inactivated cells, peptides, Nucleotides and their fragments .The natural plasmid DNA and their enzyme digested nucleotide fragments produce good immune responses.
{"title":"Vaccine development for Staphylococcal Infectious Disease","authors":"M. Murugan","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S9.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S9.005","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus is common bacterial pathogen which causes illnesses ranging from minor infections to life threatening diseases. This bacterium has become major cause of hospital acquired infections. It affects patients who has already weak immune system .It is mostly spread to others by contaminated hands and Skin. Due to skin damages, S.aureus may gain access to tissues or the blood stream and cause infection. These bacteria can survive on dry surfaces and increasing the chance of transmission. It cannot be eradicated by antibiotics like Methicillin, Vanomycin, etc, because it is an antibiotic resistant pathogen. So there is another way to prevent this pathogen’s infection by vaccination. In our lab, few experimental trials were conducted regarding identification and recommendation of various immunogens for vaccine development. The important Immunogens are inactivated cells, peptides, Nucleotides and their fragments .The natural plasmid DNA and their enzyme digested nucleotide fragments produce good immune responses.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"2009 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82622795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.391
T. Hurd
The inhomogeneous random social network (IRSN) framework, designed to model the spread of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases, follows Einstein's dictum “that the supreme goal of all theory is to make the irreducible basic elements as simple and as few as possible without having to surrender the adequate representation of a single datum of experience.'' It adopts an agent-based perspective with a sample population of size N of individuals classified into an arbitrary number of types, capturing features such as age, profession etc. An individual may become infected by their social contacts via a dose-response mechanism, whereupon they themselves can infect others. The simplicity of the framework arises because of exchangeability: the individuals of each type are modelled as agents with identically distributed random characteristics.
{"title":"Analytics of Contagion in Inhomogeneous Random Social Networks","authors":"T. Hurd","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.391","url":null,"abstract":"The inhomogeneous random social network (IRSN) framework, designed to model the spread of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases, follows Einstein's dictum “that the supreme goal of all theory is to make the irreducible basic elements as simple and as few as possible without having to surrender the adequate representation of a single datum of experience.'' It adopts an agent-based perspective with a sample population of size N of individuals classified into an arbitrary number of types, capturing features such as age, profession etc. An individual may become infected by their social contacts via a dose-response mechanism, whereupon they themselves can infect others. The simplicity of the framework arises because of exchangeability: the individuals of each type are modelled as agents with identically distributed random characteristics.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88436529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.S10.001
Z. Endalew, B. Gebeyehu
A cross sectional study was conducted at Abergele export abattoir with the objectives of determining the occurrence of ovine haemonchosis and investigating potential risk factors associated with them. During the study period, a total of 380 abomasums of sheep, collected from randomly selected male sheep were examined on postmortem for the presence or absence of the parasite according to standard procedures. Among those, 200 sheep were positive for Haemonchus contortus with overall occurrence of 52.6%. The findings of this study exposed that the occurrence of ovine haemonchosis was more frequently recorded in adult (greater than one year) (28.6%) than in young (less than one year) sheep (23.9%). Based on body condition it was noticed that high occurrence was recorded in animals with medium body condition (29.7%), followed by poor body condition (13.2%) and the lowest were recorded in animals with good body condition (9.7 %).The highest occurrence was recorded during the month of April (16.3%), followed by February (12.9%), January (9.2%), December (8.2%) and the lowest occurrence was recorded during the month of March (6.05%). In this study, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) observed with the risk factor like age, origin and months of inspection in relation to the occurrence of Haemonchus contortus. However, there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05) observed among the risk factors (body condition) in relation to the occurrence of Haemonchus contortus. In conclusion, the study revealed that the occurrence of ovine haemoncosis is high in Abergelle export abattoir slaughtered sheep and consequently affects the productivity of the sector. Hence appropriate disease prevention and control measures are requiring to be undertaken to reduce its impact.
{"title":"Occurrence of Ovine Haemonchosis Slaughtered at Abergele Export Abattoir, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Z. Endalew, B. Gebeyehu","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S10.001","url":null,"abstract":"A cross sectional study was conducted at Abergele export abattoir with the objectives of determining the occurrence of ovine haemonchosis and investigating potential risk factors associated with them. During the study period, a total of 380 abomasums of sheep, collected from randomly selected male sheep were examined on postmortem for the presence or absence of the parasite according to standard procedures. Among those, 200 sheep were positive for Haemonchus contortus with overall occurrence of 52.6%. The findings of this study exposed that the occurrence of ovine haemonchosis was more frequently recorded in adult (greater than one year) (28.6%) than in young (less than one year) sheep (23.9%). Based on body condition it was noticed that high occurrence was recorded in animals with medium body condition (29.7%), followed by poor body condition (13.2%) and the lowest were recorded in animals with good body condition (9.7 %).The highest occurrence was recorded during the month of April (16.3%), followed by February (12.9%), January (9.2%), December (8.2%) and the lowest occurrence was recorded during the month of March (6.05%). In this study, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) observed with the risk factor like age, origin and months of inspection in relation to the occurrence of Haemonchus contortus. However, there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05) observed among the risk factors (body condition) in relation to the occurrence of Haemonchus contortus. In conclusion, the study revealed that the occurrence of ovine haemoncosis is high in Abergelle export abattoir slaughtered sheep and consequently affects the productivity of the sector. Hence appropriate disease prevention and control measures are requiring to be undertaken to reduce its impact.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83942604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Lassa fever is a zoonotic viral infection caused by rodents and is presently endemic in some part of Nigeria. The cross infection prevention and control measures practiced by doctors and nurses in Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Umuahia in Abia state was assessed along with the readiness of the health workers on the current Lassa fever outbreak. Methods: Well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Data on the level of knowledge of respondents and their risk perception on the outbreak were collected and the proportion of risk perception was estimated. Results: One hundred and one respondents were recorded, 97 (96.0%) were aware of the current outbreak, 46 (45.5%) are aware of person to person transmission while 41 (40.6%) are not. Risk perception among doctors and nurses is up to 90.1%, 5.9% are not but 4% are not sure whether they are at risk. Up to 89.1% of the respondents are educated on the precaution measures while others are ignorant of them. Always sanitizing of hand after contact with patients recorded 79 (78.2%), 76 (75.2%) always change their hand gloves between patients, 37 (36.6%) always use facemask while attending to patients, 87 (86.1%) always wear their hand gloves while handling patient’s body fluid and materials, 62 (61.4%) always wear their personal protective equipment while caring for patients. The rate of readiness of doctors and nurses in FMC Umuahia Abia state was rated over 100% and only 43 (42.6%) are ready for the outbreak, others are not prepared. Conclusion: From all indication, there is a gap in the flow of knowledge on prevention and cross infection control measures among doctors and nurses in FMC, Umuahia. Refresher training should be conducted and adequate preventive equipment made available.
{"title":"Level of Knowledge among Doctors and Nurses against Lassa Fever and the Control Mechanisms in FMC, Umuahia","authors":"Onyenwe Chinyere Patience, Ezugworie Flora Nnenna, Ajaegbu Eze Elijah, Ogbonnaya Florence, Iloabuchi Lucy Chineye, Dieke Adaobi Janefrances, O. Gloria, Nwaobodo Angel Chineye, Ugochukwu Jane Ijeoma","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.397","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lassa fever is a zoonotic viral infection caused by rodents and is presently endemic in some part of Nigeria. The cross infection prevention and control measures practiced by doctors and nurses in Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Umuahia in Abia state was assessed along with the readiness of the health workers on the current Lassa fever outbreak. Methods: Well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Data on the level of knowledge of respondents and their risk perception on the outbreak were collected and the proportion of risk perception was estimated. Results: One hundred and one respondents were recorded, 97 (96.0%) were aware of the current outbreak, 46 (45.5%) are aware of person to person transmission while 41 (40.6%) are not. Risk perception among doctors and nurses is up to 90.1%, 5.9% are not but 4% are not sure whether they are at risk. Up to 89.1% of the respondents are educated on the precaution measures while others are ignorant of them. Always sanitizing of hand after contact with patients recorded 79 (78.2%), 76 (75.2%) always change their hand gloves between patients, 37 (36.6%) always use facemask while attending to patients, 87 (86.1%) always wear their hand gloves while handling patient’s body fluid and materials, 62 (61.4%) always wear their personal protective equipment while caring for patients. The rate of readiness of doctors and nurses in FMC Umuahia Abia state was rated over 100% and only 43 (42.6%) are ready for the outbreak, others are not prepared. Conclusion: From all indication, there is a gap in the flow of knowledge on prevention and cross infection control measures among doctors and nurses in FMC, Umuahia. Refresher training should be conducted and adequate preventive equipment made available.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91034086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.E379
K. Rajagopal
{"title":"What Does the Name Change Entail: Differentiation of Strains for Bacterial Names","authors":"K. Rajagopal","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.E379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.E379","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84434115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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