Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.S11.001
U. Cornelli
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the whole world since 2020 and, despite the vaccination programme under way, it is still not under control, apparently due to the Delta variant. Objective: To compare the death rates following the vaccination campaign in 52 countries (47 European countries, the USA, India, Russia, Brazil, and Mexico). Weekly periods between August 2020 and 26 July 2021 were considered. The correlation between the number of vaccinations, LEEDELS data (Life Expectancy, Ecological, Demographic/ Social and Lifestyle Variables) and defence expenditure will be calculated to determine which variables are connected with vaccination campaigns. Methods: The number of weekly deaths and vaccinations were retrieved for the 52 countries from the WHO coronavirus dashboard. The LEEDELS data and military expenses were taken from the Atlante Geografico Agostini 2020 and CIA World Factbook 2020-2021. The weekly death ratio was calculated considering a time lag of three weeks between infection and death. The statistical evaluation of the correlation between LEEDELS data and number of vaccinations was calculated using Spearman's ρ. Results: The death rates in the European countries considered following the start of the vaccination campaign are lower than in the other countries analysed. The data for the last week (26 July) in Europe, the USA, India, Brazil, Russia, and Mexico were 3.91, 19.03, 13.02, 21.38, 31.78, and 54.49 respectively. The LEEDELS data relating to wealth were all positively correlated with the number of shots administered, while defence expenditure was negatively correlated. Conclusion: Vaccination seems to be effective in protecting against COVID-19, but it cannot be employed as the sole measure against viral infection since there is still a threat that some countries (the USA, Russia, India, Brazil, and Mexico) export the infection in the form of the Delta or other variants. The resources to provide and administer vaccines are more fundamental than defence expenditure.
{"title":"The Delta Variant: The Choice between Spreading Vaccines or Guns","authors":"U. Cornelli","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S11.001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the whole world since 2020 and, despite the vaccination programme under way, it is still not under control, apparently due to the Delta variant. Objective: To compare the death rates following the vaccination campaign in 52 countries (47 European countries, the USA, India, Russia, Brazil, and Mexico). Weekly periods between August 2020 and 26 July 2021 were considered. The correlation between the number of vaccinations, LEEDELS data (Life Expectancy, Ecological, Demographic/ Social and Lifestyle Variables) and defence expenditure will be calculated to determine which variables are connected with vaccination campaigns. Methods: The number of weekly deaths and vaccinations were retrieved for the 52 countries from the WHO coronavirus dashboard. The LEEDELS data and military expenses were taken from the Atlante Geografico Agostini 2020 and CIA World Factbook 2020-2021. The weekly death ratio was calculated considering a time lag of three weeks between infection and death. The statistical evaluation of the correlation between LEEDELS data and number of vaccinations was calculated using Spearman's ρ. Results: The death rates in the European countries considered following the start of the vaccination campaign are lower than in the other countries analysed. The data for the last week (26 July) in Europe, the USA, India, Brazil, Russia, and Mexico were 3.91, 19.03, 13.02, 21.38, 31.78, and 54.49 respectively. The LEEDELS data relating to wealth were all positively correlated with the number of shots administered, while defence expenditure was negatively correlated. Conclusion: Vaccination seems to be effective in protecting against COVID-19, but it cannot be employed as the sole measure against viral infection since there is still a threat that some countries (the USA, Russia, India, Brazil, and Mexico) export the infection in the form of the Delta or other variants. The resources to provide and administer vaccines are more fundamental than defence expenditure.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87421218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.392
B. Barakzaie
Background and Aim: The ongoing epidemics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have caused serious problems on public health, particularly affecting the health care workers worldwide. There are limited data on number of staff affected by this serious and fatal diseases in national and international level. This study aims to find out the cause of risk of virus transmission and spread among the health worker in Herat Regional Public Hospital, Herat–Afghanistan. Method: We conducted a retrospective case control study to figure out the risk factors of novel covid 19 infection amongst health care workers in Herat Regional Hospital–Afghanistan in late April 2020 approximately 2 months from first case of diseases confirmation in Afghanistan which occurred here in Herat. The staff were divided into two group each of 26. The case group (n=26) were the ones with positive PCR test, while the control group (n=26) were those health workers with same criteria with negative PCR test result, the control group were randomly selected of 178 negative PCR by an administrative colleague who did not have a role in data analysis. Both groups had close contacted with positive covid 19 patients. The data were entered in spreadsheet and analyzed using Epi info 7. Results: Regardless the type of job and place of work, the risk of infection was 4 times higher in those without prior training comparing those who had received a covid 19 training prior to exposure to the disease (OR=4:00, P<0.05, CI 95%). Mean age in the case group was slightly higher (33.9 year) comparing to the control group (30.7 year). Fever was the most common complain of both groups but more common in the case group comparing to the control (70%, 30%) respectively, this finding was significant, p=<0.05. Interestingly, shortness of breath was more common in control group comparing to the case group (30%, 7%). This was statically significant, P=<0.05 more than 50% of positive staff were belongs to two categories; nurses and residents (n=11, n=7) respectively. Comparison of sex, the place and types of job showed no significant differences in being either safe or at more risk of getting infection. Conclusion: Health care workers are at higher risk of getting and transmitting infections from/to the patients. A comprehensive training prior to any exposure to a contagious disease is mandatory to decrease the risk for infection transmission among health care workers, KAP survey may give further information and is suggested.
背景与目的:2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)持续流行，给全球卫生工作者带来了严重的公共卫生问题。关于在国家和国际两级受这种严重和致命疾病影响的工作人员人数的数据有限。本研究旨在找出阿富汗赫拉特地区赫拉特公立医院卫生工作者之间病毒传播和传播风险的原因。方法:我们进行了一项回顾性病例对照研究，以了解2020年4月下旬在阿富汗赫拉特地区医院的医护人员中感染新型covid - 19的危险因素，该病例发生在阿富汗赫拉特地区确诊的第一例疾病约2个月后。工作人员被分成两组，每组26人。病例组(n=26)为PCR检测阳性的病例，对照组(n=26)为PCR检测阴性标准相同的卫生工作者，对照组(n=26)为PCR检测阴性的178例，由一名不参与数据分析的行政同事随机抽取。两组患者均与covid - 19阳性患者有密切接触。将数据输入电子表格并使用Epi info 7进行分析。结果:无论工作类型和工作场所如何，未接受培训的人员感染风险比接触疾病前接受过covid - 19培训的人员高4倍(OR=4:00, P<0.05, CI 95%)。病例组的平均年龄(33.9岁)略高于对照组(30.7岁)。发热是两组患者最常见的主诉，但病例组较对照组更常见(分别为70%、30%)，差异有统计学意义(p=<0.05)。有趣的是，与病例组相比，对照组呼吸短促更常见(30%，7%)。这有统计学意义，P=<0.05以上的阳性员工分别属于两类;护士和住院医师分别为11名和7名。性别、地点和工作类型的比较显示，在安全性或感染风险方面没有显著差异。结论:医护人员感染和传播疾病的风险较高。在接触任何传染病之前必须进行全面的培训，以减少卫生保健工作者之间感染传播的风险，KAP调查可以提供进一步的信息，并建议进行调查。
{"title":"A Case-Control Study of Risks factors for corona virus (covid 19) amongHealth Care Worker","authors":"B. Barakzaie","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.12.392","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: The ongoing epidemics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have caused serious problems on public health, particularly affecting the health care workers worldwide. There are limited data on number of staff affected by this serious and fatal diseases in national and international level. This study aims to find out the cause of risk of virus transmission and spread among the health worker in Herat Regional Public Hospital, Herat–Afghanistan. Method: We conducted a retrospective case control study to figure out the risk factors of novel covid 19 infection amongst health care workers in Herat Regional Hospital–Afghanistan in late April 2020 approximately 2 months from first case of diseases confirmation in Afghanistan which occurred here in Herat. The staff were divided into two group each of 26. The case group (n=26) were the ones with positive PCR test, while the control group (n=26) were those health workers with same criteria with negative PCR test result, the control group were randomly selected of 178 negative PCR by an administrative colleague who did not have a role in data analysis. Both groups had close contacted with positive covid 19 patients. The data were entered in spreadsheet and analyzed using Epi info 7. Results: Regardless the type of job and place of work, the risk of infection was 4 times higher in those without prior training comparing those who had received a covid 19 training prior to exposure to the disease (OR=4:00, P<0.05, CI 95%). Mean age in the case group was slightly higher (33.9 year) comparing to the control group (30.7 year). Fever was the most common complain of both groups but more common in the case group comparing to the control (70%, 30%) respectively, this finding was significant, p=<0.05. Interestingly, shortness of breath was more common in control group comparing to the case group (30%, 7%). This was statically significant, P=<0.05 more than 50% of positive staff were belongs to two categories; nurses and residents (n=11, n=7) respectively. Comparison of sex, the place and types of job showed no significant differences in being either safe or at more risk of getting infection. Conclusion: Health care workers are at higher risk of getting and transmitting infections from/to the patients. A comprehensive training prior to any exposure to a contagious disease is mandatory to decrease the risk for infection transmission among health care workers, KAP survey may give further information and is suggested.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86592275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.S10.002
Gamze Akpınar, Cihan Tastan
During pregnancy, the anatomical structure of the respiratory system changes, and the virus transmitted by droplets and aerosols are more easily inhaled and difficult to remove by pregnant women. Women are generally more susceptible to various pregnancy-related complications and respiratory pathogens, increasing the risk of developing adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Anecdotal evidence suggests that pregnant women do not appear to differ from the general population in terms of disease transmission, and to date, there is no evidence of vertical transmission from mother to fetus. However, in another study, it is known that members of the coronavirus family are responsible for serious complications such as miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, and congenital anomalies during pregnancy. To date, only a few studies have reported relatively higher rates of adverse birth outcomes in women affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy. This literature review presents the use of drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19 disease in pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. It is also aimed to examine the effective control and management of SARS CoV-2 infection in the pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum period in line with the existing literature and guide health personals. Large-scale epidemiological studies are needed to evaluate the course of the infection during pregnancy and the effects of the drugs used on pregnancy and fetus.
{"title":"The Overall Consequence of Antiviral Drugs Given to Pregnant Women with COVID-19","authors":"Gamze Akpınar, Cihan Tastan","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S10.002","url":null,"abstract":"During pregnancy, the anatomical structure of the respiratory system changes, and the virus transmitted by droplets and aerosols are more easily inhaled and difficult to remove by pregnant women. Women are generally more susceptible to various pregnancy-related complications and respiratory pathogens, increasing the risk of developing adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Anecdotal evidence suggests that pregnant women do not appear to differ from the general population in terms of disease transmission, and to date, there is no evidence of vertical transmission from mother to fetus. However, in another study, it is known that members of the coronavirus family are responsible for serious complications such as miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, and congenital anomalies during pregnancy. To date, only a few studies have reported relatively higher rates of adverse birth outcomes in women affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy. This literature review presents the use of drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19 disease in pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes. It is also aimed to examine the effective control and management of SARS CoV-2 infection in the pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum period in line with the existing literature and guide health personals. Large-scale epidemiological studies are needed to evaluate the course of the infection during pregnancy and the effects of the drugs used on pregnancy and fetus.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76984352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.S11.E005
Jeremy Walton
{"title":"Prologue to Bacteriology and Detailed Study of Microscopic Organisms","authors":"Jeremy Walton","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S11.E005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S11.E005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76542511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.21.S11.003
Gerardo L. Febres
The COVID-19 pandemic has globally impacted the behavior of the social patterns affecting the disease’s contagiousness. This effect deviates the classical SIR model from reproducing the data of COVID-19 in most countries. This study incorporates a non-constant permissiveness function to the SIR model. The resulting model is computationally solved to obtain a likely permissiveness time-function. To solve the adjusted model, a technique based on a proportional-integral controller is applied. The resulting models are compared with previous results obtained by a manual iterative adjusting method.
{"title":"Dynamic Adjustment of SIR Model with the Social Permissiveness: An Actual Measure of the Infection Rate","authors":"Gerardo L. Febres","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.21.S11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.21.S11.003","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has globally impacted the behavior of the social patterns affecting the disease’s contagiousness. This effect deviates the classical SIR model from reproducing the data of COVID-19 in most countries. This study incorporates a non-constant permissiveness function to the SIR model. The resulting model is computationally solved to obtain a likely permissiveness time-function. To solve the adjusted model, a technique based on a proportional-integral controller is applied. The resulting models are compared with previous results obtained by a manual iterative adjusting method.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"2001 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82844310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-26DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-37727/v1
Jeffhraim Balilla
This paper shows the impact of COVID-19 on the global stock indices through the use of comparative analysis. Stock indices are presented by regions (Africa, Americas, Europe, Asia, and Oceania) and national stock indices are compared based on historical data. A 2:4 month ratio is used as a “window” for observing the changes in the movement of the price of indices from November – December 2019 and January – May 2020 respectively. COVID-19 infection count, recovery rate, and death rate are identified in each country from the first case recorded up to May 20, 2020. Based on analysis it appeared that there is no sufficient evidence to conclude that the changes in the value of indices is affected by the COVID-19 infection count (p-value = 0.9129). In Africa, only INDZI (Zimbabwe) showed a positive change of price in percentage points (1.39%) for January to May 2020 with 51 confirmed COVID-19 cases. In Asia, only SZSE (China) showed a positive mean change of price in percentage points (0.07%) in the same period with 82,971 confirmed cases. Similarly, in Europe, only OMXC20 (Denmark) showed the same with (0.09%) with 11,182 confirmed cases. In the Americas, NYSE Arca (US), Nasdaq100 (US), and MERVAL (Argentina) showed a positive mean change in price in percentage points (0.31%, 0.20%, and 0.89%) with 1,620,902 and 9,918 confirmed cases respectively. On the other hand, in Oceania, both NZX 50 (New Zealand) and S&P/ASX20 (Australia) showed a negative mean change in prices (-0.03 & -0.15) respectively. In general Asian and European indices suffered a 0.28% decrease in the mean change in daily prices as compared during November to December 2019. African indices on average stood to be the least affected with 0.11% mean change in daily prices as compared to -0.02% from November to December 2019.
{"title":"Characterizing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Global Stock Indices through Comparative Analysis","authors":"Jeffhraim Balilla","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-37727/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-37727/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper shows the impact of COVID-19 on the global stock indices through the use of comparative analysis. Stock indices are presented by regions (Africa, Americas, Europe, Asia, and Oceania) and national stock indices are compared based on historical data. A 2:4 month ratio is used as a “window” for observing the changes in the movement of the price of indices from November – December 2019 and January – May 2020 respectively. COVID-19 infection count, recovery rate, and death rate are identified in each country from the first case recorded up to May 20, 2020. Based on analysis it appeared that there is no sufficient evidence to conclude that the changes in the value of indices is affected by the COVID-19 infection count (p-value = 0.9129). In Africa, only INDZI (Zimbabwe) showed a positive change of price in percentage points (1.39%) for January to May 2020 with 51 confirmed COVID-19 cases. In Asia, only SZSE (China) showed a positive mean change of price in percentage points (0.07%) in the same period with 82,971 confirmed cases. Similarly, in Europe, only OMXC20 (Denmark) showed the same with (0.09%) with 11,182 confirmed cases. In the Americas, NYSE Arca (US), Nasdaq100 (US), and MERVAL (Argentina) showed a positive mean change in price in percentage points (0.31%, 0.20%, and 0.89%) with 1,620,902 and 9,918 confirmed cases respectively. On the other hand, in Oceania, both NZX 50 (New Zealand) and S&P/ASX20 (Australia) showed a negative mean change in prices (-0.03 & -0.15) respectively. In general Asian and European indices suffered a 0.28% decrease in the mean change in daily prices as compared during November to December 2019. African indices on average stood to be the least affected with 0.11% mean change in daily prices as compared to -0.02% from November to December 2019.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"97 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72918543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.20.S6.001
Scott C. Rowe
Irresistible infections have significantly affected the course of mankind's set of experiences. The "dark demise" (brought about by Yersinia pestis changed the social structure of archaic Europe, in the process dispensing with roughly 33% of the populace. The results of military missions have been modified by episodes of infections, for example, loose bowels and typhus. Models incorporate Napoleon's retreat from Russia, after typhus harmed his military than the resistance powers did; the choice by the French to sell the Louisiana Territory after French troopers passed on from yellow fever in Cuba and the Gulf Coast; and the acquaintance of smallpox with the no immune populace of the New World by Europeans, subsequently encouraging the "success" and the beginning of the pilgrim age.
{"title":"Introduction to Microbial Diseases in Humans","authors":"Scott C. Rowe","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.20.S6.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.20.S6.001","url":null,"abstract":"Irresistible infections have significantly affected the course of mankind's set of experiences. The \"dark demise\" (brought about by Yersinia pestis changed the social structure of archaic Europe, in the process dispensing with roughly 33% of the populace. The results of military missions have been modified by episodes of infections, for example, loose bowels and typhus. Models incorporate Napoleon's retreat from Russia, after typhus harmed his military than the resistance powers did; the choice by the French to sell the Louisiana Territory after French troopers passed on from yellow fever in Cuba and the Gulf Coast; and the acquaintance of smallpox with the no immune populace of the New World by Europeans, subsequently encouraging the \"success\" and the beginning of the pilgrim age.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89306745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.20.S7.E002
S. Tachibana
The microorganism–microorganism or microorganism–have cooperations are the critical procedure to colonize and set up in a wide range of conditions. These collaborations include every biological perspective, including physiochemical changes, metabolite trade, metabolite transformation, flagging, chemotaxis and hereditary trade bringing about genotype determination. Furthermore, the foundation in the climate relies upon the species variety, since high useful repetition in the microbial network expands the serious capacity of the network, diminishing the chance of an intruder to set up in this climate. Hence, these affiliations are the consequence of a co-advancement measure that prompts the transformation and specialization, permitting the control of various specialties, by lessening biotic and abiotic stress or trading development factors and flagging. Microbial collaborations happen by the transaction of sub-atomic and hereditary data, and numerous components can be associated with this trade, for example, auxiliary metabolites, siderophores, majority detecting framework, biofilm development, and cell transduction motioning, among others. A definitive unit of collaboration is the quality articulation of every living being in light of a natural (biotic or abiotic) upgrade, which is answerable for the creation of atoms associated with these cooperations. Along these lines, in the current survey, we zeroed in on some sub-atomic components engaged with the microbial cooperation, not just in microbial–have communication, which has been abused by different audits, yet additionally in the sub-atomic methodology utilized by various microorganisms in the climate that can balance the foundation and structuration of the microbial network.
{"title":"Microbial Associations: Nature in a Sub-Atomic Viewpoint","authors":"S. Tachibana","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.20.S7.E002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.20.S7.E002","url":null,"abstract":"The microorganism–microorganism or microorganism–have cooperations are the critical procedure to colonize and set up in a wide range of conditions. These collaborations include every biological perspective, including physiochemical changes, metabolite trade, metabolite transformation, flagging, chemotaxis and hereditary trade bringing about genotype determination. Furthermore, the foundation in the climate relies upon the species variety, since high useful repetition in the microbial network expands the serious capacity of the network, diminishing the chance of an intruder to set up in this climate. Hence, these affiliations are the consequence of a co-advancement measure that prompts the transformation and specialization, permitting the control of various specialties, by lessening biotic and abiotic stress or trading development factors and flagging. Microbial collaborations happen by the transaction of sub-atomic and hereditary data, and numerous components can be associated with this trade, for example, auxiliary metabolites, siderophores, majority detecting framework, biofilm development, and cell transduction motioning, among others. A definitive unit of collaboration is the quality articulation of every living being in light of a natural (biotic or abiotic) upgrade, which is answerable for the creation of atoms associated with these cooperations. Along these lines, in the current survey, we zeroed in on some sub-atomic components engaged with the microbial cooperation, not just in microbial–have communication, which has been abused by different audits, yet additionally in the sub-atomic methodology utilized by various microorganisms in the climate that can balance the foundation and structuration of the microbial network.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"115 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82160228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.20.11.372
Tsehaye Kidus, Z. Teka
Plant tissue cultures can be contaminated by extensive diversity of bacteria and the contaminations are species specific. The contamination can reduce growth rate of shoot and root, multiplication factor, and even cause plant death. The study was conducted at Mekelle University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Tigray Biotechnology center and contaminated in vitro sugarcane culture obtained from laboratory of plant tissue culture. The objective of the study was to isolate, characterize, and identify bacteria from contaminated in vitro Sugarcane culture and to test the sensitivity of the isolates to the most commonly used antibiotics. Morphological, Gram stain, Endospore stain and Biochemical test method were used to isolate and identify the contaminates and disk diffusion method was used for the drug susceptibility test. Commonly available antibiotics were used for susceptibility testing. In the present study Escherichia, Bacillus and Micrococcus were isolated and identified as the major contaminant bacteria from in vitro sugarcane cultures. In antibacterial susceptibility test the isolates of Bacillus and Micrococcus were susceptible to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxaciline, Tetracycline, Vancomycine, Streptomycin, Penicillin G and Kanamycine demonstrating the efficacy of these antimicrobials for the treatment of sugarcane in vitro culture contamination by incorporating in to the sugarcane media formulation while, the third isolate Escherichia were resistance to all antibiotic agents.
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Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2155-9597.20.S6.005
Toshiyuki Tony
Urban watercourses are essential and important to the urban ecosystem, landscape ecology and citizen’s life. However, in recent decades, rapid industrialization and urbanization has accelerated the worsening waters in urban area in China. Urban rivers are usually used as drains for sewage, industrial wastewater and even domestic garbage, which contained various pollutants. When organic pollutants are discharged to rivers, part of them is precipitated in the sediment and the others are metabolized by microbes. During the metabolism, the microbes exhaust the dissolved oxygen in the water and make the aquatic environment anoxic, which promotes the growth of anaerobic microbes. As a result, the river is in anoxic condition, showing black appearance and stinking smell. These black-odor rivers flows through the cities affect residents’ life and pose a serious threat to human health. During the metabolism, the microbes exhaust the dissolved oxygen in the water and make the aquatic environment anoxic, which promotes the growth of anaerobic microbes. As a result, the river is in anoxic condition, showing black appearance.
{"title":"Micro - Nano Bubble Technology- An In-Situ Treatment for Microbial Community Changes in Urban River","authors":"Toshiyuki Tony","doi":"10.35248/2155-9597.20.S6.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2155-9597.20.S6.005","url":null,"abstract":"Urban watercourses are essential and important to the urban ecosystem, landscape ecology and citizen’s life. However, in recent decades, rapid industrialization and urbanization has accelerated the worsening waters in urban area in China. Urban rivers are usually used as drains for sewage, industrial wastewater and even domestic garbage, which contained various pollutants. When organic pollutants are discharged to rivers, part of them is precipitated in the sediment and the others are metabolized by microbes. During the metabolism, the microbes exhaust the dissolved oxygen in the water and make the aquatic environment anoxic, which promotes the growth of anaerobic microbes. As a result, the river is in anoxic condition, showing black appearance and stinking smell. These black-odor rivers flows through the cities affect residents’ life and pose a serious threat to human health. During the metabolism, the microbes exhaust the dissolved oxygen in the water and make the aquatic environment anoxic, which promotes the growth of anaerobic microbes. As a result, the river is in anoxic condition, showing black appearance.","PeriodicalId":15045,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78314479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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