Pub Date : 1992-06-07DOI: 10.1109/HFPP.1992.283438
D. Harmon
Discusses how advanced light water reactors (ALWRs) requirements are met through an evolutionary design, the Nuplex 80+ ACC. The basis for the use of advances in implementation technology, data processing and man-machine interface (MMI) presentation techiques are provided. The Nuplex 80+ ACC is an evolutionary ALWR design meeting the requirements for advanced plants through MMI elements derived from current generation control rooms. The evolutionary design approach has balanced the tradeoffs between advances in implementation technology, data processing capability, and the man-machine interface with reliance on proven designs. The resulting design implements existing MMI functions to solve concerns with current generation designs and improve operability without significant change to current generation operations philosophies. Thus, the Nuplex 80+ ACC is the evolutionary control room complement to the System 80+ standard plant design.<>
{"title":"Nuplex 80+: an evolutionary approach to meeting ALWR requirements","authors":"D. Harmon","doi":"10.1109/HFPP.1992.283438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HFPP.1992.283438","url":null,"abstract":"Discusses how advanced light water reactors (ALWRs) requirements are met through an evolutionary design, the Nuplex 80+ ACC. The basis for the use of advances in implementation technology, data processing and man-machine interface (MMI) presentation techiques are provided. The Nuplex 80+ ACC is an evolutionary ALWR design meeting the requirements for advanced plants through MMI elements derived from current generation control rooms. The evolutionary design approach has balanced the tradeoffs between advances in implementation technology, data processing capability, and the man-machine interface with reliance on proven designs. The resulting design implements existing MMI functions to solve concerns with current generation designs and improve operability without significant change to current generation operations philosophies. Thus, the Nuplex 80+ ACC is the evolutionary control room complement to the System 80+ standard plant design.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":150946,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record for 1992 Fifth Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125803223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-07DOI: 10.1109/HFPP.1992.283359
T. G. Ryan
Ten absolutes for successfully establishing and sustaining a human factors program in contemporary American organizations, and especially in Federal government agencies, are proposed. These absolutes include: knowledge of what human factors is and what it is capable of achieving as a discipline; communicable goals and a vision for achieving those goals; and the use of public forums for negotiating the role of human factors within the organization and as an external resource for performing that role. It is concluded that these absolutes can help enhance the promise of human factors, and build on that promise into the next century.<>
{"title":"Getting the attention of American organizations on human factors-a personal experience","authors":"T. G. Ryan","doi":"10.1109/HFPP.1992.283359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HFPP.1992.283359","url":null,"abstract":"Ten absolutes for successfully establishing and sustaining a human factors program in contemporary American organizations, and especially in Federal government agencies, are proposed. These absolutes include: knowledge of what human factors is and what it is capable of achieving as a discipline; communicable goals and a vision for achieving those goals; and the use of public forums for negotiating the role of human factors within the organization and as an external resource for performing that role. It is concluded that these absolutes can help enhance the promise of human factors, and build on that promise into the next century.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":150946,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record for 1992 Fifth Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131056621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-07DOI: 10.1109/HFPP.1992.283415
S. Converse, P. Perez, M. Clay, S. Meyer
Computerized procedures have been suggested as a mechanism for aiding the performance of reactor operators. The Computerized Procedure Manual (COPMA-II) is a computerized procedure system that provides advanced features so as to allow reactor operators to track their progress through several parallel sets of procedures, and provides automatic monitoring and feedback. The effectiveness of COPMA-II will be evaluated at the Scaled Pressurized Water Reactor Facility (SPWRF) at North Carolina State University. Licensed reactor operators will operate the scaled facility using either COPMA-II or traditional hard-copy procedures. The environment provided by the SPWRF for evaluation of advanced operator aids in a realistic but safe environment is described.<>
{"title":"Computerized procedures for nuclear power plants: evaluation of the computerized procedures manual (COPMA-II)","authors":"S. Converse, P. Perez, M. Clay, S. Meyer","doi":"10.1109/HFPP.1992.283415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HFPP.1992.283415","url":null,"abstract":"Computerized procedures have been suggested as a mechanism for aiding the performance of reactor operators. The Computerized Procedure Manual (COPMA-II) is a computerized procedure system that provides advanced features so as to allow reactor operators to track their progress through several parallel sets of procedures, and provides automatic monitoring and feedback. The effectiveness of COPMA-II will be evaluated at the Scaled Pressurized Water Reactor Facility (SPWRF) at North Carolina State University. Licensed reactor operators will operate the scaled facility using either COPMA-II or traditional hard-copy procedures. The environment provided by the SPWRF for evaluation of advanced operator aids in a realistic but safe environment is described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":150946,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record for 1992 Fifth Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124213762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-07DOI: 10.1109/HFPP.1992.283412
V. Joksimovich
Accidents are characterized by four broad categories of contribution of causes: man, machine; media; and management. Strong management can minimize the contributions of man, machine and media to the risk arising from operation of hazardous facilities. Management can have a positive influence through the establishment of a proper safety culture. Nuclear safety culture is reviewed with specific emphasis on a US nuclear utility. The issue of safety assurance via an integrated risk management program is addressed.<>
{"title":"Safety culture in nuclear utility operations","authors":"V. Joksimovich","doi":"10.1109/HFPP.1992.283412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HFPP.1992.283412","url":null,"abstract":"Accidents are characterized by four broad categories of contribution of causes: man, machine; media; and management. Strong management can minimize the contributions of man, machine and media to the risk arising from operation of hazardous facilities. Management can have a positive influence through the establishment of a proper safety culture. Nuclear safety culture is reviewed with specific emphasis on a US nuclear utility. The issue of safety assurance via an integrated risk management program is addressed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":150946,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record for 1992 Fifth Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants","volume":"318 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122317326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-07DOI: 10.1109/HFPP.1992.283425
T. Baker, D. Morisseau
Although twelve-hour work shifts have become extremely popular in electrical utility and petrochemical industries, there is growing concern over the potential for increased human error due to fatigue from extended hours of work. The authors describe a laboratory research study on simulated 8-hour and 12-hour work shifts. The study investigates on-shift alertness, mood and mental performance, as well as quality and quantity of sleep taken during off-shift hours. The research laboratories were equipped with a control room, complete with centralized process control simulator, mocked-up wall control panels, and adjoining residential apartments for subjects off-duty hours. The findings of this study provide important data on physiological and behavioral consequences of shiftwork, night work, and extended work shifts.<>
{"title":"Performance an alertness on 8-hour versus 12-hour work shifts","authors":"T. Baker, D. Morisseau","doi":"10.1109/HFPP.1992.283425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HFPP.1992.283425","url":null,"abstract":"Although twelve-hour work shifts have become extremely popular in electrical utility and petrochemical industries, there is growing concern over the potential for increased human error due to fatigue from extended hours of work. The authors describe a laboratory research study on simulated 8-hour and 12-hour work shifts. The study investigates on-shift alertness, mood and mental performance, as well as quality and quantity of sleep taken during off-shift hours. The research laboratories were equipped with a control room, complete with centralized process control simulator, mocked-up wall control panels, and adjoining residential apartments for subjects off-duty hours. The findings of this study provide important data on physiological and behavioral consequences of shiftwork, night work, and extended work shifts.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":150946,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record for 1992 Fifth Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122337248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-07DOI: 10.1109/HFPP.1992.283400
J. O'Hara
Advanced control rooms for future nuclear power plants are being designed utilizing computer-based technologies. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the human engineering aspects of such control rooms to ensure that they are designed to good human factors engineering principles and that operator performance and reliability are appropriately supported in order to protect public health and safety. The rationale, general approach, and initial development of an NRC Advanced Control Room Design Review Guidelines are reviewed.<>
{"title":"The development and evaluation of human factors guidelines for the review of advanced human-system interfaces","authors":"J. O'Hara","doi":"10.1109/HFPP.1992.283400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HFPP.1992.283400","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced control rooms for future nuclear power plants are being designed utilizing computer-based technologies. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the human engineering aspects of such control rooms to ensure that they are designed to good human factors engineering principles and that operator performance and reliability are appropriately supported in order to protect public health and safety. The rationale, general approach, and initial development of an NRC Advanced Control Room Design Review Guidelines are reviewed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":150946,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record for 1992 Fifth Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115236572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-07DOI: 10.1109/HFPP.1992.283431
Y. Fujita
Advanced human-machine interface (HMI) technologies developed for Japanese pressurized water reactors (PWRs) have demonstrated their potential benefit. The framework for the next-generation control room (i.e., ACR) for the Japanese PWR has begun to emerge. It is characterized by an entirely CRT-based compact operator console. However, there are problems. These include a problem with CRTs as well as some mismatches among users and and designers. More emphasis must be placed on user-oriented approaches when resolving these problems. Future HMI technology will need to be seen as a discipline that is more independent of information processing and other relevant technologies.<>
{"title":"Time for tailoring human-machine interface technology to humans","authors":"Y. Fujita","doi":"10.1109/HFPP.1992.283431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HFPP.1992.283431","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced human-machine interface (HMI) technologies developed for Japanese pressurized water reactors (PWRs) have demonstrated their potential benefit. The framework for the next-generation control room (i.e., ACR) for the Japanese PWR has begun to emerge. It is characterized by an entirely CRT-based compact operator console. However, there are problems. These include a problem with CRTs as well as some mismatches among users and and designers. More emphasis must be placed on user-oriented approaches when resolving these problems. Future HMI technology will need to be seen as a discipline that is more independent of information processing and other relevant technologies.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":150946,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record for 1992 Fifth Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants","volume":"81 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121206352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-07DOI: 10.1109/HFPP.1992.283390
E. Davey, K.Q. Guo, S. Russomanno, J. Popovic, P. Archer
The results of the first phase of a multi-year project undertaken by Canadian nuclear power plant designers and utilities to improve CANDU annunciation are described. The overall objective of the project is to develop, evaluate and recommend an architecture for CANDU annunciation that better meets the information needs of plant staff under all plant operating regions. The first phase of the project has established an initial definition of the functional role for CANDU annunciation. Subsequent project phases will define options for solutions to the problem of specific alarm functions of the present CANDU annunciation systems not fully meeting the needs of operations staff. The background of the project is discussed, the place of annunciation in relation to other plant operator support and plant information functions is described, the process by which the functional role was defined is indicated, and the direction of further work is outlined.<>
{"title":"Towards defining the functional role for CANDU annunciation","authors":"E. Davey, K.Q. Guo, S. Russomanno, J. Popovic, P. Archer","doi":"10.1109/HFPP.1992.283390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HFPP.1992.283390","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the first phase of a multi-year project undertaken by Canadian nuclear power plant designers and utilities to improve CANDU annunciation are described. The overall objective of the project is to develop, evaluate and recommend an architecture for CANDU annunciation that better meets the information needs of plant staff under all plant operating regions. The first phase of the project has established an initial definition of the functional role for CANDU annunciation. Subsequent project phases will define options for solutions to the problem of specific alarm functions of the present CANDU annunciation systems not fully meeting the needs of operations staff. The background of the project is discussed, the place of annunciation in relation to other plant operator support and plant information functions is described, the process by which the functional role was defined is indicated, and the direction of further work is outlined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":150946,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record for 1992 Fifth Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126646724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-07DOI: 10.1109/HFPP.1992.283378
S. Haber, D. A. Shurberg, M. Barrière, R. Hall
The Nuclear Organization and Management Analysis Concept was presented at the IEEE Human Factors meeting in 1988. The concept and its associated methodology have been demonstrated at two commercial nuclear power plants (NPPs) and one fossil power plant. The insights and results obtained from the two demonstration studies at the commercial NPPs are discussed. The results emphasize the utility of the methodology in providing a more systematic and objective description of organizational factors influencing performance in NPPs and demonstrate the methodology's ability to differentiate between plants.<>
{"title":"The Nuclear Organization and Management Analysis Concept methodology: four years later","authors":"S. Haber, D. A. Shurberg, M. Barrière, R. Hall","doi":"10.1109/HFPP.1992.283378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HFPP.1992.283378","url":null,"abstract":"The Nuclear Organization and Management Analysis Concept was presented at the IEEE Human Factors meeting in 1988. The concept and its associated methodology have been demonstrated at two commercial nuclear power plants (NPPs) and one fossil power plant. The insights and results obtained from the two demonstration studies at the commercial NPPs are discussed. The results emphasize the utility of the methodology in providing a more systematic and objective description of organizational factors influencing performance in NPPs and demonstrate the methodology's ability to differentiate between plants.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":150946,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record for 1992 Fifth Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130059641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-06-07DOI: 10.1109/HFPP.1992.283418
B. Hallbert, J. Harbour
A case study of a human factors effort to improve information displays at the Department of Energy's Rocky Flats Plant is presented. The posted displays convey information about controls on process variables which are necessary to ensure safe operations. An independent assessment of criticality safety at this facility determined that human performance is key to achieving safety in processes involving fissile material and that analyses on its improvement were needed. Reviews conducted of past infractions and a sample of postings identified problems with legibility, complexity, readability, saliency, and usability. A discussion of issues related to each problem area and a comparison with applicable literature is offered. An improvement project was conducted which developed candidate display formats, and the results of efforts undertaken.<>
{"title":"Developing static information displays: a case study on improving worker safety","authors":"B. Hallbert, J. Harbour","doi":"10.1109/HFPP.1992.283418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HFPP.1992.283418","url":null,"abstract":"A case study of a human factors effort to improve information displays at the Department of Energy's Rocky Flats Plant is presented. The posted displays convey information about controls on process variables which are necessary to ensure safe operations. An independent assessment of criticality safety at this facility determined that human performance is key to achieving safety in processes involving fissile material and that analyses on its improvement were needed. Reviews conducted of past infractions and a sample of postings identified problems with legibility, complexity, readability, saliency, and usability. A discussion of issues related to each problem area and a comparison with applicable literature is offered. An improvement project was conducted which developed candidate display formats, and the results of efforts undertaken.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":150946,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record for 1992 Fifth Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132585342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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