Bacillus cereus group produces diverse antimicrobial compounds through different metabolic pathways, including amino acid-based compounds, sugar derivatives, volatile and miscellaneous compounds. These antimicrobial compounds exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities against various plant pathogens, promoting plant growth and enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses. They also exhibit nematicidal activities against plant nematodes and antagonistic effects against pathogens in aquatic animals, promoting growth and inducing immune responses. Moreover, B. cereus group bacteria play a significant role in bioremediation by breaking down or neutralizing environmental pollutants, such as plastics, petroleum products, heavy metals, and insecticides. They produce enzymes like laccases, lipases, proteases, and various oxidases, contributing to the degradation of these pollutants. In the food industry, they can cause food poisoning due to their production of enterotoxins. However, they are also utilized in various industrial applications, such as producing environmentally friendly bio-based materials, biofertilizers, and nanoparticles. Notably, B. cereus transforms selenite into selenium nanoparticles, which have health benefits, including cancer prevention. In summary, B. cereus group bacteria have diverse applications in agriculture, bioremediation, industry, and medicine, contributing to sustainable and eco-friendly solutions across multiple fields. In this review, we have revised B. cereus group and the characteristics of every species; we have also highlighted the more important compounds secreted by the species of B. cereus group and the applications of these compounds. The aim is to explain the available secondary metabolites to classify the species from this group, increasing the knowledge about taxonomy of this group.
{"title":"Natural Products Produced by the Species of Bacillus cereus Group: Recent Updates.","authors":"Ugur Azizoglu, Leandris Argentel-Martínez, Ofelda Peñuelas-Rubio, Angélica Herrera-Sepúlveda, Jerald Conrad Ibal, Reza Sharafi, Gholamreza Salehi Jouzani, Aurelio Ortiz, Jessica Vaca, Estibaliz Sansinenea","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202400666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacillus cereus group produces diverse antimicrobial compounds through different metabolic pathways, including amino acid-based compounds, sugar derivatives, volatile and miscellaneous compounds. These antimicrobial compounds exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activities against various plant pathogens, promoting plant growth and enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses. They also exhibit nematicidal activities against plant nematodes and antagonistic effects against pathogens in aquatic animals, promoting growth and inducing immune responses. Moreover, B. cereus group bacteria play a significant role in bioremediation by breaking down or neutralizing environmental pollutants, such as plastics, petroleum products, heavy metals, and insecticides. They produce enzymes like laccases, lipases, proteases, and various oxidases, contributing to the degradation of these pollutants. In the food industry, they can cause food poisoning due to their production of enterotoxins. However, they are also utilized in various industrial applications, such as producing environmentally friendly bio-based materials, biofertilizers, and nanoparticles. Notably, B. cereus transforms selenite into selenium nanoparticles, which have health benefits, including cancer prevention. In summary, B. cereus group bacteria have diverse applications in agriculture, bioremediation, industry, and medicine, contributing to sustainable and eco-friendly solutions across multiple fields. In this review, we have revised B. cereus group and the characteristics of every species; we have also highlighted the more important compounds secreted by the species of B. cereus group and the applications of these compounds. The aim is to explain the available secondary metabolites to classify the species from this group, increasing the knowledge about taxonomy of this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e2400666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The enzyme catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (CAT) plays a critical role in the biosynthesis pathway of cis, cis-muconic acid (CCMA), which serves as an indispensable raw material for various industrial applications. In this research, we cloned a novel cold-adapted CAT (HaCAT) from the Antarctic sea ice bacterium Halomonas sp. ANT108. Homology modeling analysis revealed that HaCAT possessed the characteristic Fe3+ binding site and catalytic active site of typical CATs, and it exhibited unique structural adaptations to cold environments. The optimal temperature and pH for recombinant HaCAT (rHaCAT) were found to be 25°C and 6.5, respectively. At 0°C, the enzyme retained a maximum activity of 43.6%, and in the presence of 1.0 M NaCl, its activity reached 173.9%, demonstrating significant salt tolerance. Additionally, the Vmax and Km of rHaCAT were 6.68 μmol/min/mg and 128.90 μM at 25°C, respectively. Furthermore, rHaCAT was successfully immobilized in the metal-organic framework ZIF-8 and retained almost 50% of its activity after five reuse cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability. Overall, these results provided a new resource and theoretical foundation for the industrial biocatalytic production and modification of CAT.
{"title":"A Novel Cold-Adapted Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase From Antarctic Sea-Ice Bacterium Halomonas sp. ANT108: Characterization and Immobilization.","authors":"Quanfu Wang, Xiaoxuan Zhang, Anqi Wang, Ailin Zhang, Yatong Wang, Yanhua Hou","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202400500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The enzyme catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (CAT) plays a critical role in the biosynthesis pathway of cis, cis-muconic acid (CCMA), which serves as an indispensable raw material for various industrial applications. In this research, we cloned a novel cold-adapted CAT (HaCAT) from the Antarctic sea ice bacterium Halomonas sp. ANT108. Homology modeling analysis revealed that HaCAT possessed the characteristic Fe<sup>3+</sup> binding site and catalytic active site of typical CATs, and it exhibited unique structural adaptations to cold environments. The optimal temperature and pH for recombinant HaCAT (rHaCAT) were found to be 25°C and 6.5, respectively. At 0°C, the enzyme retained a maximum activity of 43.6%, and in the presence of 1.0 M NaCl, its activity reached 173.9%, demonstrating significant salt tolerance. Additionally, the V<sub>max</sub> and K<sub>m</sub> of rHaCAT were 6.68 μmol/min/mg and 128.90 μM at 25°C, respectively. Furthermore, rHaCAT was successfully immobilized in the metal-organic framework ZIF-8 and retained almost 50% of its activity after five reuse cycles, demonstrating excellent reusability. Overall, these results provided a new resource and theoretical foundation for the industrial biocatalytic production and modification of CAT.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e2400500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the benefits of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere and phytoplane of halophytes, this research focused on examining the plant growth-promoting characteristics of bacteria isolated from Cressa cretica, Suaeda aegyptiaca, and Alhagi graecorum. From the 33 isolates tested, 9 exhibited plant growth-promoting traits. Bacillus rugosus strain CS5 and Bacillus sp. strain SS4 exhibited the notable growth inhibition of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum, with values of 47% and 45%, respectively. Bacillus sp. strains SS4 and CS1 demonstrated impressive results in solubilizing phosphorus and zinc, respectively, achieving concentrations of 259 and 271 mg L-1. Additionally, Staphylococcus xylosus strain SR2, Bacillus sp. strain SS4, and Bacillus paralicheniformis strain CR1 thrived in nitrogen-free media. The Priestia filamentosa strain AL4 showed the greatest HCN production, whereas B. paralicheniformis strain CR1 was notable for higher auxin production. The Bacillus sp. strains SS4 and CS1 exhibited greater tolerance than other isolates in a medium containing 600 mM of NaCl. Additionally, inoculating these isolates into soil significantly alleviated the salinity and drought stress on Zea mays seedlings. These findings suggest that further investigation into these strains as microbial inoculants could be beneficial for mitigating salt and drought stress in plants.
{"title":"Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Associated With Some Salt-Tolerant Plants.","authors":"Fatemeh Beitsayahi, Naeimeh Enayatizamir, Leila Nejadsadeghi, Fatemeh Nasernakhaei","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202400446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the benefits of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere and phytoplane of halophytes, this research focused on examining the plant growth-promoting characteristics of bacteria isolated from Cressa cretica, Suaeda aegyptiaca, and Alhagi graecorum. From the 33 isolates tested, 9 exhibited plant growth-promoting traits. Bacillus rugosus strain CS5 and Bacillus sp. strain SS4 exhibited the notable growth inhibition of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum, with values of 47% and 45%, respectively. Bacillus sp. strains SS4 and CS1 demonstrated impressive results in solubilizing phosphorus and zinc, respectively, achieving concentrations of 259 and 271 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. Additionally, Staphylococcus xylosus strain SR2, Bacillus sp. strain SS4, and Bacillus paralicheniformis strain CR1 thrived in nitrogen-free media. The Priestia filamentosa strain AL4 showed the greatest HCN production, whereas B. paralicheniformis strain CR1 was notable for higher auxin production. The Bacillus sp. strains SS4 and CS1 exhibited greater tolerance than other isolates in a medium containing 600 mM of NaCl. Additionally, inoculating these isolates into soil significantly alleviated the salinity and drought stress on Zea mays seedlings. These findings suggest that further investigation into these strains as microbial inoculants could be beneficial for mitigating salt and drought stress in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e2400446"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saman Hosseini, Rouhallah Sharifi, Alireza Habibi, Sholeh Khezri
In situ biosurfactant production by hydrocarbon degrader microorganisms is an attractive approach in the bioremediation of oil contamination because of their compatibility, biodegradability, environmental safety, and stability under extreme environmental conditions. Given the high efficiency of bacteria in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons, the present work studied the detection and characterization of a biosurfactant-producing hydrocarbon degrader, Roseomonas aestuarii NB833. This strain was able to synthesize a biosurfactant during the biodegradation of crude oil, which reduced the surface tension of the aqueous system from 70 to 34 mN m-1, with a critical micelle concentration of 200 mg L-1. The emulsification ability of the biosurfactant was sustained at various temperatures, pH values, and salinities. The biosurfactant chemical structure was identified via FT-IR, LC-MS, and NMR analyses. These analyses confirmed the production of surfactin-C14 with a molecular mass of 1007 g mol-1. These results revealed the high potential of R. aestuarii NB833 as an in situ surfactin-producing bacteria for bioremediation applications under extreme environmental conditions.
{"title":"Roseomonas aestuarii, as a Potential In Situ Surfactin Producer During Hydrocarbon Biodegradation.","authors":"Saman Hosseini, Rouhallah Sharifi, Alireza Habibi, Sholeh Khezri","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202400538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In situ biosurfactant production by hydrocarbon degrader microorganisms is an attractive approach in the bioremediation of oil contamination because of their compatibility, biodegradability, environmental safety, and stability under extreme environmental conditions. Given the high efficiency of bacteria in degrading petroleum hydrocarbons, the present work studied the detection and characterization of a biosurfactant-producing hydrocarbon degrader, Roseomonas aestuarii NB833. This strain was able to synthesize a biosurfactant during the biodegradation of crude oil, which reduced the surface tension of the aqueous system from 70 to 34 mN m<sup>-1</sup>, with a critical micelle concentration of 200 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. The emulsification ability of the biosurfactant was sustained at various temperatures, pH values, and salinities. The biosurfactant chemical structure was identified via FT-IR, LC-MS, and NMR analyses. These analyses confirmed the production of surfactin-C14 with a molecular mass of 1007 g mol<sup>-1</sup>. These results revealed the high potential of R. aestuarii NB833 as an in situ surfactin-producing bacteria for bioremediation applications under extreme environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e2400538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhuolan Li, Sicheng Zhang, Shixin Guo, Ailing Li, Yurong Wang
Monascus is a widely used natural microorganism in our country, which can produce useful secondary metabolites. Studies have shown that the nitrogen source directly affects the growth, reproduction, and secondary metabolites of Monascus. As a global transcriptional regulator of nitrogen metabolism, MareA gene is involved in the regulation of secondary metabolism. In this study, we found the MareA gene that is highly homologous to the AreA gene sequence, and used MareA to obtain ΔMareA and OE-MareA. Three strains were cultured with glutamine, urea, NaNO3, and (NH4)2SO4 nitrogen sources. The Monascus pigments and related genes were analyzed by solid-state fermentation under different nitrogen sources. The results showed that the pigment production of the ΔMareA decreased, but the OE-MareA did the opposite. The secondary metabolites of the three strains were analyzed by HPLC and expression level of pigment biosytnthesis gene was determined by RT-qPCR. The relative expression levels of four key Monascus pigment genes in ΔMareA were significantly upregulated in mppE gene, but downregulated in MpPKS5, mppG, and mppD genes. Monascus pigment genes were increased in OE-MareA. In terms of growth regulation, the expression of VosA and LaeA genes was significantly reduced in ΔMareA, while OE-MareA significantly promoted the expression of GprD genes. The pigment production and gene expression in ΔMareA were significantly lower than that of C100, while the opposite was true of OE-MareA when NaNO3 was added to the culture medium. In conclusion, MareA gene had different regulatory effects on Monascus growth and pigments metabolism under different nitrogen sources.
{"title":"Regulation of MareA Gene on Monascus Growth and Metabolism Under Different Nitrogen Sources.","authors":"Zhuolan Li, Sicheng Zhang, Shixin Guo, Ailing Li, Yurong Wang","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202400611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monascus is a widely used natural microorganism in our country, which can produce useful secondary metabolites. Studies have shown that the nitrogen source directly affects the growth, reproduction, and secondary metabolites of Monascus. As a global transcriptional regulator of nitrogen metabolism, MareA gene is involved in the regulation of secondary metabolism. In this study, we found the MareA gene that is highly homologous to the AreA gene sequence, and used MareA to obtain ΔMareA and OE-MareA. Three strains were cultured with glutamine, urea, NaNO<sub>3</sub>, and (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> nitrogen sources. The Monascus pigments and related genes were analyzed by solid-state fermentation under different nitrogen sources. The results showed that the pigment production of the ΔMareA decreased, but the OE-MareA did the opposite. The secondary metabolites of the three strains were analyzed by HPLC and expression level of pigment biosytnthesis gene was determined by RT-qPCR. The relative expression levels of four key Monascus pigment genes in ΔMareA were significantly upregulated in mppE gene, but downregulated in MpPKS5, mppG, and mppD genes. Monascus pigment genes were increased in OE-MareA. In terms of growth regulation, the expression of VosA and LaeA genes was significantly reduced in ΔMareA, while OE-MareA significantly promoted the expression of GprD genes. The pigment production and gene expression in ΔMareA were significantly lower than that of C100, while the opposite was true of OE-MareA when NaNO<sub>3</sub> was added to the culture medium. In conclusion, MareA gene had different regulatory effects on Monascus growth and pigments metabolism under different nitrogen sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e2400611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Domingo Martínez-Soto, Albo J Hernández-Rojas, Laura Valdés-Santiago, Luis F García-Ortega, Adriana Ramírez-Martínez, Elías Trujillo-Esquivel, Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez, Lucila Ortiz-Castellanos, Claudia G León-Ramírez, Edgardo Ulises Esquivel-Naranjo, José Ruiz-Herrera, José Antonio Cervantes-Chávez
Polyamines are organic and aliphatic molecules essential for the growth, development, and survival of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In fungi, polyamines play a crucial role in cellular differentiation and pathogenesis. Since fungi and animals are closely related evolutionarily, and fungi can be easily genetically manipulated in the lab, they serve as excellent models for studying polyamine metabolism and the molecular mechanisms controlled by these biomolecules. Although the metabolism of polyamines has been extensively studied in model fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Ustilago maydis, the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in other Ustilaginomycetes, a class of fungi that includes phytopathogens, saprophytes, mutualists, and mycorrhizae, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, using a genomic and bioinformatics approach, we analyzed the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in Ustilaginomycetes. Additionally, we confirmed the functional conservation of ornithine decarboxylase (Odc), which is involved in the synthesis of putrescine, one of the most important polyamines in fungi and complex multicellular eukaryotic organisms, using genetics and molecular biology tools. Moreover, we identified the differentially regulated genes by this polyamine in U. maydis. This research provides insights into the similarities and differences in the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in fungi, and it expands our understanding of the role of polyamines and the mechanisms regulated by these molecules in eukaryotes.
多胺是真核生物和原核生物生长、发育和生存所必需的有机脂肪族分子。在真菌中,多胺在细胞分化和致病过程中起着至关重要的作用。由于真菌和动物在进化过程中关系密切,而且真菌很容易在实验室中进行遗传操作,因此它们是研究多胺代谢和这些生物大分子控制的分子机制的极佳模型。虽然多胺的新陈代谢在模式真菌如酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和麦角菌(Ustilago maydis)中得到了广泛的研究,但多胺生物合成途径在其他子囊菌(Ustilaginomycetes)中的保存情况还没有得到深入的研究。在这项研究中,我们利用基因组学和生物信息学方法,分析了多胺生物合成途径在子囊菌中的保存情况。此外,我们还利用遗传学和分子生物学工具证实了鸟氨酸脱羧酶(Odc)的功能保守性,该酶参与了腐胺的合成,而腐胺是真菌和复杂多细胞真核生物中最重要的多胺之一。此外,我们还确定了这种多胺在 U. maydis 中的不同调控基因。这项研究深入揭示了真菌中多胺生物合成途径的异同,拓展了我们对真核生物中多胺的作用及其调控机制的认识。
{"title":"Conservation of the Polyamines Pathway in Ustilaginomycetes A Genomic and Experimental Approach.","authors":"Domingo Martínez-Soto, Albo J Hernández-Rojas, Laura Valdés-Santiago, Luis F García-Ortega, Adriana Ramírez-Martínez, Elías Trujillo-Esquivel, Fernando Pérez-Rodríguez, Lucila Ortiz-Castellanos, Claudia G León-Ramírez, Edgardo Ulises Esquivel-Naranjo, José Ruiz-Herrera, José Antonio Cervantes-Chávez","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202400561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyamines are organic and aliphatic molecules essential for the growth, development, and survival of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In fungi, polyamines play a crucial role in cellular differentiation and pathogenesis. Since fungi and animals are closely related evolutionarily, and fungi can be easily genetically manipulated in the lab, they serve as excellent models for studying polyamine metabolism and the molecular mechanisms controlled by these biomolecules. Although the metabolism of polyamines has been extensively studied in model fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Ustilago maydis, the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in other Ustilaginomycetes, a class of fungi that includes phytopathogens, saprophytes, mutualists, and mycorrhizae, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, using a genomic and bioinformatics approach, we analyzed the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in Ustilaginomycetes. Additionally, we confirmed the functional conservation of ornithine decarboxylase (Odc), which is involved in the synthesis of putrescine, one of the most important polyamines in fungi and complex multicellular eukaryotic organisms, using genetics and molecular biology tools. Moreover, we identified the differentially regulated genes by this polyamine in U. maydis. This research provides insights into the similarities and differences in the conservation of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in fungi, and it expands our understanding of the role of polyamines and the mechanisms regulated by these molecules in eukaryotes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e2400561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and chilli (Capsicum annuum) are globally significant vegetable crops susceptible to damping-off disease caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, leading to substantial yield losses. The study aimed to document the biocontrol and plant growth promotion potential of Streptomyces rochei against damping-off disease in tomato and chilli. The actinobacterial isolates ACS18 followed by ACT30, and AOE12 were accomplished as the most effective antagonists against P. aphanidermatum in vitro. Molecular characterization confirmed these isolates as members of Streptomyces genus, with ASH 18 the top performer identified as S. rochei isolate. Analysis of biomolecule through GC-MS during ditrophic interaction between pathogen and S. rochei showed the presence of various antifungal metabolites which were directly related to suppression of the pathogen. Subsequently, S. rochei was formulated into a talc-based preparation and used as seed treatment and soil application against damping-off. In greenhouse trials, significant reductions in damping-off incidence were observed, Furthermore, seedlings treated with S. rochei displayed enhanced root and shoot lengths compared to the uninoculated controls. These benefits potentiate S. rochei as a promising biocontrol agent and demonstrating its dual benefits of disease suppression and promotion of seedling growth.
番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)和辣椒(Capsicum annuum)是全球重要的蔬菜作物,容易感染由蚜虫(Pythium aphanidermatum)引起的潮湿病,导致大量减产。本研究旨在记录链霉菌对番茄和辣椒受潮病的生物防治和植物生长促进潜力。在体外实验中,放线菌分离物 ACS18、ACT30 和 AOE12 是对 P. aphanidermatum 最有效的拮抗剂。分子鉴定证实这些分离物属于链霉菌属,其中表现最好的 ASH 18 被鉴定为 S. rochei 分离物。通过 GC-MS 分析病原体与 S. rochei 的双营养相互作用过程中的生物大分子,发现存在多种抗真菌代谢物,这些代谢物与抑制病原体直接相关。随后,S. rochei 被配制成以滑石粉为基础的制剂,用于种子处理和土壤施用,以防治潮湿病。此外,与未接种的对照组相比,用 S. rochei 处理过的幼苗根长和芽长均有所提高。这些益处增强了 S. rochei 作为生物防治剂的潜力,并显示出其抑制病害和促进秧苗生长的双重功效。
{"title":"Harnessing Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces rochei Against Pythium aphanidermatum: Efficacy and Mechanisms.","authors":"Iruthayasamy Johnson, Rangasamy Kavitha, Muthusamy Karthikeyan, Mookkan Paramasivan, Dhanabalan Shanmuga Priya, Rangasamy Anandham, Sevugapperumal Nakkeeran","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202400531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and chilli (Capsicum annuum) are globally significant vegetable crops susceptible to damping-off disease caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, leading to substantial yield losses. The study aimed to document the biocontrol and plant growth promotion potential of Streptomyces rochei against damping-off disease in tomato and chilli. The actinobacterial isolates ACS18 followed by ACT30, and AOE12 were accomplished as the most effective antagonists against P. aphanidermatum in vitro. Molecular characterization confirmed these isolates as members of Streptomyces genus, with ASH 18 the top performer identified as S. rochei isolate. Analysis of biomolecule through GC-MS during ditrophic interaction between pathogen and S. rochei showed the presence of various antifungal metabolites which were directly related to suppression of the pathogen. Subsequently, S. rochei was formulated into a talc-based preparation and used as seed treatment and soil application against damping-off. In greenhouse trials, significant reductions in damping-off incidence were observed, Furthermore, seedlings treated with S. rochei displayed enhanced root and shoot lengths compared to the uninoculated controls. These benefits potentiate S. rochei as a promising biocontrol agent and demonstrating its dual benefits of disease suppression and promotion of seedling growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e2400531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carotenoid, natural pigments, synthesized by plants and microbes are now much favored in global markets due to the awareness of their putative health benefits, and a wide array of commercial applications. There is a diversity of natural and synthetic carotenoid, but only a few of them are commercially produced, including carotenes (β-carotene and lycopene) and xanthophylls (astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and capsanthin). However, for commercial production, plants and algae are more favored than cyanobacteria because of their much less carotenoid synthesis than land plants; although they are well known for producing commercially important carotenoid. But with advances in optimization of their carotenoid production, cyanobacteria can be used as a potential source of carotenoid production in the future allowing us to exploit its various applications. Hence, this study investigated the effects of pH and light conditions on carotenoid production in the sub-aerial cyanobacterium Desertifilum dzianense ON358232.1. The results revealed that the highest carotenoid synthesis occurred under alkaline conditions (pH 9) and red-light exposure, significantly increasing compared to the control (pH 7.2, white light). UV-Vis and FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of β-carotene as the primary carotenoid, demonstrating strong antioxidant potential. The study's findings highlight the optimal environmental parameters for enhancing carotenoid yield, which can be applied for industrial and pharmaceutical uses due to their antioxidant properties.
{"title":"Optimizing pH and Light for Enhanced Carotenoid Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties in Sub-Aerial Cyanobacteria.","authors":"Lakshmi Singh, Dibyani Prusty, Maheswari Behera, Kahkashan Perveen, Najat A Bukhari","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202400570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carotenoid, natural pigments, synthesized by plants and microbes are now much favored in global markets due to the awareness of their putative health benefits, and a wide array of commercial applications. There is a diversity of natural and synthetic carotenoid, but only a few of them are commercially produced, including carotenes (β-carotene and lycopene) and xanthophylls (astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and capsanthin). However, for commercial production, plants and algae are more favored than cyanobacteria because of their much less carotenoid synthesis than land plants; although they are well known for producing commercially important carotenoid. But with advances in optimization of their carotenoid production, cyanobacteria can be used as a potential source of carotenoid production in the future allowing us to exploit its various applications. Hence, this study investigated the effects of pH and light conditions on carotenoid production in the sub-aerial cyanobacterium Desertifilum dzianense ON358232.1. The results revealed that the highest carotenoid synthesis occurred under alkaline conditions (pH 9) and red-light exposure, significantly increasing compared to the control (pH 7.2, white light). UV-Vis and FTIR analyses confirmed the presence of β-carotene as the primary carotenoid, demonstrating strong antioxidant potential. The study's findings highlight the optimal environmental parameters for enhancing carotenoid yield, which can be applied for industrial and pharmaceutical uses due to their antioxidant properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e2400570"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) hold significant cultural and economic value, particularly in Asia where they are extensively cultivated. The diversification of shiitake cultivars, driven by the need to adapt to various climatic conditions and cultivation methods, has resulted in over 200 distinct cultivars. Reliable identification of these cultivars is crucial for breeding, intellectual property protection, and effective genetic resource management. Traditional morphological methods are inadequate due to their subjectivity and labor-intensive nature. This study leverages nanopore high-throughput sequencing to comprehensively analyze the rDNA regions (SSU, ITS, LSU, IGS) of 41 shiitake strains from Taiwan's Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), comprising 5 wild strains, 33 commercial strains, and 3 wild-commercial hybrids. Our results identified the IGS1 region as the most variable and suitable for cultivar differentiation. Consequently, we developed an interactive online database (https://github.com/Raingel/ShiitakeIGS1) that integrates 317 IGS1 sequences from Taiwan, Japan, and China. This platform allows users to upload their IGS1 sequences and identify similar cultivars through a user-friendly interface, enhancing the precision and efficiency of shiitake cultivar identification.
{"title":"Establishing an Interactive Sequence Database for Shiitake Cultivar Identification.","authors":"Jie-Hao Ou, Han-Yun Li, Yun-Shen Lu, Chi-Yu Chen, Yu-Hsuan Fan, Guan Jie Phang, Guan-Ying Huang, Sung-Yuan Hsieh, Yin-Tse Huang","doi":"10.1002/jobm.202400452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202400452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) hold significant cultural and economic value, particularly in Asia where they are extensively cultivated. The diversification of shiitake cultivars, driven by the need to adapt to various climatic conditions and cultivation methods, has resulted in over 200 distinct cultivars. Reliable identification of these cultivars is crucial for breeding, intellectual property protection, and effective genetic resource management. Traditional morphological methods are inadequate due to their subjectivity and labor-intensive nature. This study leverages nanopore high-throughput sequencing to comprehensively analyze the rDNA regions (SSU, ITS, LSU, IGS) of 41 shiitake strains from Taiwan's Bioresource Collection and Research Center (BCRC), comprising 5 wild strains, 33 commercial strains, and 3 wild-commercial hybrids. Our results identified the IGS1 region as the most variable and suitable for cultivar differentiation. Consequently, we developed an interactive online database (https://github.com/Raingel/ShiitakeIGS1) that integrates 317 IGS1 sequences from Taiwan, Japan, and China. This platform allows users to upload their IGS1 sequences and identify similar cultivars through a user-friendly interface, enhancing the precision and efficiency of shiitake cultivar identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":15101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Basic Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"e2400452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}