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Special Focus: Rhizosphere Microbes 特别关注:根瘤微生物
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400591
Erika Kothe
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Adaptations and Mechanistic Insights Into Bacterial Bioremediation in Ecosystems 生态系统中细菌生物修复的遗传适应性和机理认识。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400387
Yamini Vinayagam, Vijayarangan Devi Rajeswari

Metal pollution poses significant threats to the ecosystem and human health, demanding effective remediation strategies. Bioremediation, which leverages the unique metal-resistant genes found in bacteria, offers a cost-effective and efficient solution to heavy metal contamination. Genes such as Cad, Chr, Cop, and others provide pathways to improve the detoxification of the ecosystem. Through multiple techniques, genetic engineering makes bacterial genomes more capable of improving metal detoxification; nonetheless, there are still unanswered questions regarding the nature of new metal-resistant genes. This article examines bacteria's complex processes to detoxify toxic metals, including biosorption, bioaccumulation, bio-precipitation, and bioleaching. It also explores essential genes, proteins, signaling mechanisms, and bacterial biomarkers involved in breaking toxic metals.

金属污染对生态系统和人类健康构成重大威胁,需要有效的修复策略。生物修复利用细菌中独特的抗金属基因,为重金属污染提供了一种经济高效的解决方案。Cad、Chr、Cop 等基因为改善生态系统的解毒功能提供了途径。通过多种技术,基因工程使细菌基因组更有能力提高金属解毒能力;然而,关于新的抗金属基因的本质,仍有一些问题没有得到解答。本文探讨了细菌对有毒金属解毒的复杂过程,包括生物吸附、生物累积、生物沉淀和生物浸出。文章还探讨了参与分解有毒金属的重要基因、蛋白质、信号机制和细菌生物标志物。
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引用次数: 0
Symbiotic and Nonsymbiotic Bacteria Associated With the Entomo-Pathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis spp (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) From South India 与南印度昆虫病原线虫 Heterorhabditis spp(Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae)相关的共生和非共生细菌。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400108
Athira G. Menon, Haseena Bhaskar, K. Surendra Gopal, Rajkumar M, Smitha M. Subramanian

Sixteen isolates of bacteria obtained from the entomopathogenic nematode (Heterorhabditis sp.) infected cadavers of Galleria mellonella larvae were identified following phenotypic characterization and molecular analysis of 16S rRNA. Two isolates were identified as the symbiotic bacterium, Photothabdus luminescens, while 14 other isolates were represented by nine species of nonsymbiotic bacteria viz., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Alcaligenes aquatilis, Brevundimonas diminuta, Brucella pseudointermedia, Ochrobactrum sp., Brucella pseudogrignonensis, Brucella anthropic, Pseudomonas azatoformans and Pseudomonas lactis. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the evolutionary relationship between P. luminescens and Pseudomonas spp. The study also found a close relationship among the nonsymbiotic bacteria such as A. aquatilis, B. diminuta, Ochrobactrum sp., and Brucella spp. P. luminescens has been documented for its insecticidal effects against a wide range of insects. The two local isolates obtained in this study may be explored for their biocontrol potential against major pests of the region. Further, the association of nonsymbiotic bacteria with the EPN may be investigated.

通过表型鉴定和 16S rRNA 分子分析,鉴定了从受昆虫病原线虫(Heterorhabditis sp.)感染的 Galleria mellonella 幼虫尸体中分离出的 16 个细菌。其中 2 个分离物被鉴定为共生细菌 Photothabdus luminescens,另外 14 个分离物由 9 种非共生细菌代表,即嗜麦芽气单胞菌、水生嗜水气单胞菌、Brevundimonas diminuta、Brucella pseudointermedia、Ochrobactrum sp.、Brucella pseudogrignonensis、Brucella anthropic、Pseudomonas azatoformans 和 Pseudomonas lactis。系统进化分析证实了 P. luminescens 与假单胞菌属之间的进化关系。 研究还发现,非共生细菌(如 A. aquatilis、B. diminuta、Ochrobactrum sp.本研究中获得的两个本地分离物可用于探索其对该地区主要害虫的生物防治潜力。此外,还可以研究非共生细菌与 EPN 的关联。
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引用次数: 0
Issue Information: Journal of Basic Microbiology. 9/2024 期刊信息:基础微生物学杂志》。9/2024
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202470082
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引用次数: 0
Cover: Journal of Basic Microbiology. 9/2024 封面:基础微生物学杂志》。9/2024
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202470081

Cover illustration:

Surface morphology of the lichen Dirinaria aegilita. The lichen has a smooth, crustose thallus with a distinct white or gray color. It spreads across the rock surface in a circular pattern.

(Photo: Shyam Kumar Rajaram, Department of Biotechnology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India)

封面插图:地衣 Dirinaria aegilita 的表面形态。这种地衣有光滑的壳状苔藓,呈明显的白色或灰色。它在岩石表面呈环状分布:Shyam Kumar Rajaram,印度泰米尔纳德邦卡马拉吉工程技术学院生物技术系)
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Fermentation Conditions of Cordyceps militaris and In Silico Analysis of Antifungal Property of Cordycepin Against Plant Pathogens 冬虫夏草发酵条件的优化及冬虫夏草素对植物病原体抗真菌特性的硅学分析
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400409
Mansoor Showkat, Nagesha Narayanappa, Nagaraju Umashankar, Benherlal Palayyan Saraswathy, Shobha Doddanagappa, Suhail Ashraf, Saima Gani, Nusrat Fatimah, Asha Nabi, Kahkashan Perveen, Najat A. Bukhari, Jayanthi Barasarathi, Riyaz Z. Sayyed

Cordyceps militaris, a medicinal fungus, has gained considerable attention owing to its potential health benefits, notably the production of bioactive compounds such as cordycepin. Cordycepin possesses significant antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. The present study focused on optimizing the fermentation conditions for C. militaris to boost the production of mycelia and cordycepin, alongside investigating its antifungal properties using in silico and in vitro approaches. The optimal conditions, yielding the highest cordycepin and mycelial biomass, were a temperature of 20°C and a pH range of 4–6, with glucose and sucrose as carbon sources and yeast extract and casein hydrolysate as nitrogen sources. Under these conditions, cordycepin production peaked at low pH (600–1000 mg/L) and with carbon and maltose (400–500 mg/L). The low temperature favored cordycepin production (400 mg/L), whereas casein hydrolysate as a nitrogen source boosted cordycepin yield (600 mg/L). The docking analysis indicated that cordycepin had the highest binding affinity for the tubulin beta chain 2 (−10.4 kcal/mol) compared to the fungicide tebuconazole (−7.9 kcal/mol for both targets). The in silico results were corroborated by in vitro studies, where the mycelial extract of C. militaris inhibited approximately 75% of fungal growth at a concentration of 6000 ppm. These findings suggest that optimizing fermentation conditions significantly enhances cordycepin production, and cordycepin shows antifungal solid activity, making it a promising agent for biocontrol in agriculture.

冬虫夏草是一种药用真菌,由于其潜在的健康益处,特别是其产生的生物活性化合物(如虫草素),已获得相当多的关注。虫草素具有显著的抗真菌、抗细菌和抗病毒特性。本研究的重点是优化 C. militaris 的发酵条件,以提高菌丝体和虫草素的产量,同时利用硅学和体外方法研究其抗真菌特性。能产生最高虫草素和菌丝体生物量的最佳条件是温度为 20°C,pH 值范围为 4-6,以葡萄糖和蔗糖为碳源,以酵母提取物和酪蛋白水解物为氮源。在这些条件下,虫草素产量在低 pH 值(600-1000 毫克/升)和碳与麦芽糖(400-500 毫克/升)条件下达到峰值。低温有利于虫草素的生产(400 mg/L),而以酪蛋白水解物为氮源可提高虫草素的产量(600 mg/L)。对接分析表明,与杀真菌剂戊唑醇(两个目标均为-7.9 kcal/mol)相比,虫草素与小管蛋白 beta 链 2 的结合亲和力最高(-10.4 kcal/mol)。体外研究也证实了这一结果,在 6000 ppm 的浓度下,米塔里斯菌丝体提取物可抑制约 75% 的真菌生长。这些研究结果表明,优化发酵条件可显著提高虫草素的产量,虫草素具有抗真菌的固体活性,是一种很有前景的农业生物防治剂。
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引用次数: 0
New Aspects of the Effects of Climate Change on Interactions Between Plants and Microbiomes: A Review 气候变化对植物与微生物组之间相互作用的新影响:综述。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400345
Nilanjan Chakraborty, Sunanda Halder, Chetan Keswani, Jessica Vaca, Aurelio Ortiz, Estibaliz Sansinenea

One of the most talked about issues of the 21st century is climate change, as it affects not just our health but also forestry, agriculture, biodiversity, the ecosystem, and the energy supply. Greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate change, having dramatic effects on the environment. Climate change has an impact on the function and composition of the terrestrial microbial community both directly and indirectly. Changes in the prevailing climatic conditions brought about by climate change will lead to modifications in plant physiology, root exudation, signal alteration, and the quantity, makeup, and diversity of soil microbial communities. Microbiological activity is very crucial in organic production systems due to the organic origin of microorganisms. Microbes that benefit crop plants are known as plant growth-promoting microorganisms. Thus, the effects of climate change on the environment also have an impact on the abilities of beneficial bacteria to support plant growth, health, and root colonization. In this review, we have covered the effects of temperature, precipitation, drought, and CO2 on plant–microbe interactions, as well as some physiological implications of these changes. Additionally, this paper highlights the ways in which bacteria in plants' rhizosphere react to the dominant climatic conditions in the soil environment. The goal of this study is to analyze the effects of climate change on plant–microbe interactions.

气候变化是 21 世纪最受关注的问题之一,因为它不仅影响我们的健康,还影响林业、农业、生物多样性、生态系统和能源供应。温室气体是气候变化的主要原因,对环境产生了巨大影响。气候变化对陆地微生物群落的功能和组成有着直接和间接的影响。气候变化带来的普遍气候条件的变化将导致植物生理、根系渗出、信号改变以及土壤微生物群落的数量、组成和多样性发生变化。由于微生物来源于有机物,因此微生物活动在有机生产系统中非常重要。对作物植物有益的微生物被称为植物生长促进微生物。因此,气候变化对环境的影响也会对有益菌支持植物生长、健康和根部定殖的能力产生影响。在这篇综述中,我们介绍了温度、降水、干旱和二氧化碳对植物-微生物相互作用的影响,以及这些变化的一些生理影响。此外,本文还重点介绍了植物根圈中的细菌如何对土壤环境中的主要气候条件做出反应。本研究的目的是分析气候变化对植物与微生物相互作用的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Therapeutic Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects 细菌胞外囊泡:潜在的治疗应用、挑战和未来前景》(Potential Therapeutic Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects.
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400221
Humaira, Irfan Ahmad, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir, Muhammad Khan, Marcelo Franco, Muhammad Irfan

Almost all cell types naturally secret extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the extracellular space with variable metabolic cargo facilitating intracellular communication, posing immune-modulation capacity. Thus, “bacterial extracellular vesicles” (BEVs), with their great immunoregulatory, immune response stimulation and disease condition-altering potential, have gained importance in the medical and therapeutic industry. Various subtypes of BEVs were observed and reported in the literature, such as exosomes (30–150 nm), microvesicles (100–1000 nm), apoptotic bodies (1000–5000 nm), and oncosomes (1000–10,000 nm). As biological systems are complex entities, inserting BEVs requires extra high purity. Various techniques for BEV isolation have been employed alone or with other strategies, such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, size-exclusion chromatography, affinity-based separation, ultrafiltration, and field-flow fractionation. But to date, no BEV isolation method is considered perfect as the lack of standard protocols limits their scale-up. Medical research has focused on BEVs to explore their diverse therapeutic potential. This review particularly focused on the recent advancements in the potential medical application of BEVs, current challenges, and prospects associated with their scale-up.

几乎所有类型的细胞都会在细胞外空间自然分泌细胞外囊泡 (EVs),其中含有促进细胞内交流的可变代谢货物,具有免疫调节能力。因此,"细菌胞外囊泡"(BEVs)以其巨大的免疫调节、免疫反应刺激和改变疾病状况的潜力,在医疗和治疗领域受到重视。文献中观察到并报道了各种亚型的 BEV,如外泌体(30-150 nm)、微囊泡(100-1000 nm)、凋亡体(1000-5000 nm)和 oncosomes(1000-10000 nm)。由于生物系统是复杂的实体,因此插入 BEV 需要极高的纯度。人们已经单独或与其他策略一起采用了各种分离 BEV 的技术,如超离心法、沉淀法、大小排阻色谱法、亲和分离法、超滤法和场流分馏法。但迄今为止,没有一种 BEV 分离方法被认为是完美的,因为缺乏标准协议限制了其规模化应用。医学研究一直关注 BEV,以探索其多种治疗潜力。本综述特别关注 BEV 在潜在医疗应用方面的最新进展、当前面临的挑战以及与其规模化相关的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Cyanobacterial Silver Nanoparticles and Their Potential Utility—Recent Progress and Prospects: A Review 蓝藻银纳米粒子及其潜在用途--最新进展与前景:综述。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400256
Maheswari Behera, Prateek Ranjan Behera, Gangadhar Sethi, Biswajita Pradhan, Varanasi Adarsh, Omar Abdurahman Alkilayh, Devi Prasad Samantaray, Lakshmi Singh

The current situation involves an increase in interest in nanotechnology, in particular the ways in which it can be applied in the commercial and medical fields. However, traditional methods of synthesizing nanoparticles have some drawbacks, including the generation of harmful byproducts, high energy consumption, and cost. As a result, researchers have shifted their focus to “green” nanoparticle synthesis to circumvent these drawbacks. Because of their exceptional physiochemical properties, silver nanoparticles (Ag Nps) are the noble metal nanoparticles that are used most frequently. The green approach to Ag NP synthesis is environmentally friendly, non-toxic, and cost-effective, and it makes use of a variety of biological entities. Cyanobacteria, in particular, have garnered the most attention because of the abundance of bioactive substances that they contain, which serve both as reducing agents and as stabilizing agents during the process of biosynthesis. This review article discusses the current state of cyanobacteria-mediated Ag NP synthesis, the potential mechanisms that are involved, nanoparticle characterization, the various applications of Ag NP in different fields, and their prospects.

当前,人们对纳米技术的兴趣与日俱增,尤其是纳米技术在商业和医疗领域的应用方式。然而,合成纳米粒子的传统方法存在一些缺点,包括产生有害副产品、能耗高和成本高。因此,研究人员将重点转向 "绿色 "纳米粒子合成,以规避这些缺点。银纳米粒子(Ag Nps)因其特殊的物理化学特性,成为最常用的贵金属纳米粒子。合成银纳米粒子的绿色方法对环境友好、无毒、成本效益高,而且可以利用多种生物实体。其中,蓝藻最受关注,因为它们含有丰富的生物活性物质,在生物合成过程中既可作为还原剂,也可作为稳定剂。这篇综述文章讨论了蓝藻介导的银氧化物(Ag NP)合成的现状、其中涉及的潜在机制、纳米粒子的表征、银氧化物在不同领域的各种应用及其前景。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Soil Health, Soil Quality, and Production of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) 综合养分管理对土壤健康、土壤质量和豇豆产量的影响。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400225
Gurpreet Kaur, Jupinder Kaur, Sohan Singh Walia

The integrated application of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and biofertilizers helps sustain the nutrient pool and benefits the soil quality, thereby boosting plant health. The effect of different combinations of biofertilizers (consortium biofertilizer [CBF]—non-rhizobial PGPR), inorganic fertilizers, and organic fertilizers on soil health, growth, and yield of cowpea was evaluated by conducting a field experiment. The application of N100 FYM + CBF resulted in significantly higher populations of bacteria, fungi, PSB, and diazotroph, as well as soil dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities. However, the application of N100 FYM recorded a significantly higher actinomycetes population. The application of N100 FYM + CBF resulted in significantly higher soil OC, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The soil pH was recorded to be highest in control, and soil EC was recorded to be lowest in control. The plant uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium was significantly higher with N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF. The root–shoot biomass, number of leaves, nodules/plant, number of pods/plants, pod biomass, pod length, and pod width were significantly higher in treatment having N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF. However, the height of the plant, number of branches, and biomass of leaves were highest in treatment with N25 FYM + NP75 + CBF. The pod and stover yield were significantly higher in treatment with N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF. The results showed that the integrated application of non-rhizobial PGPR along with organic and inorganic fertilizer helps to improve overall soil health, quality, and plant growth of forage cowpea contributing to an increase in crop yield.

综合施用无机肥料、有机肥料和生物肥料有助于维持养分库,有益于土壤质量,从而促进植物健康。通过进行田间试验,评估了生物肥料(复合生物肥料 [CBF] - 非根瘤菌 PGPR)、无机肥料和有机肥料的不同组合对豇豆的土壤健康、生长和产量的影响。施用 N100 FYM + CBF 后,细菌、真菌、PSB 和重氮营养体的数量以及土壤脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性都显著提高。然而,施用 N100 FYM 记录的放线菌数量明显较高。施用 N100 FYM + CBF 后,土壤 OC、可利用氮、磷和钾含量明显提高。对照组的土壤 pH 值最高,对照组的土壤 EC 值最低。N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF 的植物对氮、磷、钾的吸收率明显更高。N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF 处理的根-芽生物量、叶片数、结节数/株、豆荚数/株、豆荚生物量、豆荚长度和豆荚宽度都明显高于 N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF 处理。然而,N25 FYM + NP75 + CBF 处理的株高、分枝数和叶片生物量最高。N50 FYM + NP50 + CBF 处理的豆荚和秸秆产量明显更高。研究结果表明,在施用有机肥和无机肥的同时,综合施用非根瘤菌 PGPR 有助于改善土壤的整体健康、质量和牧草豇豆的植株生长,从而提高作物产量。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Basic Microbiology
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