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Cover: Journal of Basic Microbiology. 11/2024 封面:基础微生物学杂志》。11/2024
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202470101

Cover illustration:

The functional network analysis shows interaction of proteins (circular) with metabolites (capsule-shaped) to show how the small molecules activated, inhibited, bound, or catalyzed the protein partners. Fungal isolates of marine origin Aspergillus sp. GSBT S13 and Aspergillus sp. S14 were compared to Aspergillus fumigatus volatilome and common metabolites were identified using an isolate of plant origin, Bulbithecium sp. GSBT E3 to identify common metabolites and pathways (see this issue, jobm.202400210).

(Figure: Mancheary John Prathyash Ushus, Department of Biotechnology, GITAM School of Science, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India)

封面插图:功能网络分析显示了蛋白质(圆形)与代谢物(胶囊形)之间的相互作用,说明了小分子如何激活、抑制、结合或催化蛋白质伙伴。将海洋来源的真菌分离物 Aspergillus sp. GSBT S13 和 Aspergillus sp. S14 与烟曲霉 volatilome 进行比较,并利用植物来源的分离物 Bulbithecium sp:Mancheary John Prathyash Ushus,印度安得拉邦维萨卡帕特南 GITAM 科学学院生物技术系)
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引用次数: 0
Role of Orphan ParA Proteins in Replication and Cell Division in Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4. 红球菌 PR4 中孤儿 ParA 蛋白在复制和细胞分裂中的作用
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400428
Shabnam Parwin, Preeti Srivastava

Bacteria have a very well-regulated mechanism for chromosome segregation and cell division. This process requires a large number of complex proteins to participate and mediate their functionality. Among these complex proteins, ParA and ParB play a vital role for the faithful segregation of chromosome. In Rhodococcus erythropolis PR4, besides the essential parAB operon, there are three orphan copies of parA genes. Here, we report that the orphan ParA2 and ParA3 have distinct roles in the cell cycle. The disruption of the orphan parA2 or parA3 gene resulted in elongated cells. Multiple septal rings and mislocalised septa were observed in ΔparA3 and ΔparA2 mutants, respectively. The subcellular localization of ParA2 revealed a distinct ring- and ribbon-like structure. On the other hand, orphan ParA3 was localized slightly away from the poles. The orphan ParA proteins were found to interact with ParB, the strongest interaction was observed with ParA2. Further, asynchronous replication initiation was observed in ΔparA3 mutants suggesting its role in replication. This is the first report demonstrating the distinct roles of orphan parA genes from Rhodococcus.

细菌的染色体分离和细胞分裂机制非常规范。这一过程需要大量复杂的蛋白质参与并介导其功能。在这些复合蛋白中,ParA 和 ParB 对染色体的忠实分离起着至关重要的作用。在红球菌 PR4 中,除了重要的 ParAB 操作子外,还有三个 ParA 基因的孤儿拷贝。在这里,我们报告了孤儿 ParA2 和 ParA3 在细胞周期中的不同作用。破坏孤儿 parA2 或 parA3 基因会导致细胞变长。在ΔparA3和ΔparA2突变体中分别观察到了多个间隔环和错位的间隔。ParA2 的亚细胞定位显示出明显的环状和带状结构。另一方面,孤儿 ParA3 的定位稍稍偏离两极。研究发现孤儿 ParA 蛋白与 ParB 相互作用,其中与 ParA2 的作用最强。此外,在 ΔparA3 突变体中观察到不同步的复制启动,这表明它在复制中的作用。这是第一份证明 Rhodococcus 的孤儿 parA 基因具有不同作用的报告。
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引用次数: 0
Biocatalytic Potential of Pseudomonas Species in the Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. 假单胞菌在降解多环芳香烃中的生物催化潜力。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400448
Sivabalan Sivasamy, Shanmuganathan Rajangam, Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai, Dakshina Bisht, Rajkumar Prabhakaran, Sivanesan Dhandayuthapani

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of the major environmental pollutants, produced from incomplete combustion of materials like coal, oil, gas, wood, and charbroiled meat, that contaminate the air, soil, and water, necessitating urgent remediation. Understanding the metabolic pathways for PAHs degradation is crucial to preventing environmental damage and health issues. Biological methods are gaining increasing interest due to their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. These methods are particularly suitable for remediating PAHs contamination and mitigating associated risks. The paper also outlines the processes for biodegrading PAHs, emphasizing the function of Pseudomonas spp., a kind of bacterium recognized for its capacity to degrade PAHs. To eliminate PAHs from the environment and reduce threats to human health and the environment, Pseudomonas spp. is essential. Understanding the mechanism of PAH breakdown by means of microbes could lead to effective clean-up strategies. The review highlights the enzymatic capabilities, adaptability, and genetic versatility of the genes like nah and phn of Pseudomonas spp., which are involved in PAHs degradation pathways. Scientific evidence supports using Pseudomonas spp. as biocatalysts for PAHs clean-up, offering cost-effective and eco-friendly solutions.

多环芳烃(PAHs)是主要的环境污染物之一,由煤、石油、天然气、木材和烧焦的肉类等物质不完全燃烧产生,污染空气、土壤和水源,急需采取补救措施。了解多环芳烃降解的代谢途径对于防止环境破坏和健康问题至关重要。生物方法因其成本效益和环境友好性而越来越受到关注。这些方法尤其适用于修复多环芳烃污染和降低相关风险。本文还概述了多环芳烃的生物降解过程,强调了假单胞菌属的功能,这是一种公认具有降解多环芳烃能力的细菌。要消除环境中的多环芳烃,减少对人类健康和环境的威胁,假单胞菌是必不可少的。了解微生物分解多环芳烃的机理有助于制定有效的清洁策略。本综述强调了参与多环芳烃降解途径的假单胞菌 nah 和 phn 等基因的酶能力、适应性和遗传多样性。科学证据支持使用假单胞菌属作为多环芳烃净化的生物催化剂,提供具有成本效益和生态友好的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Deciphering the Biocontrol Potential of Trichoderma asperellum (Tv1) Against Fusarium-Nematode Wilt Complex in Tomato. 解读毛霉菌(Tv1)对番茄镰刀菌-线虫复合萎蔫病的生物防治潜力
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400595
Selva A Anbalagan, Sudha Appusamy, Parthiban V Kumaresan, Gopalakrishnan Chellappan, Swarnakumari Narayanan, Anandham Rangasamy, Kahkashan Perveen, Najat A Bukhari, Riyaz Sayyed

The study assessed Trichoderma spp. as a biocontrol agent for managing wilt-nematode complex in tomato crops, aiming to mitigate yield losses. Fusarium sp. and Meloidogyne sp. were isolated from infected plant samples and confirmed molecularly and morphologically as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and Meloidogyne incognita. Four Trichoderma spp. procured from the Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India were identified molecularly as Trichoderma asperellum (Tv1), Trichoderma asperelloides (Tasd1), Trichoderma harzianum (Th1), and Trichoderma koningiopsis (Tk1) utilizing ITS and TEF1 primer pairs. Among them, Tv1 effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogen isolates. Furthermore, crude metabolite of Tv1 exhibited similar effects. The mortality rate of M. incognita J2s ranged from 90.48% to 100% after 24-72 h of incubation and inhibition percentage of egg hatching reached 90.20%. The shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of the tomato plants treated with Tv1 conidia were increased. In a pot experiment, Tv1 treatment reduced disease incidence by 64.57%, comparable to carbendazim treatment (82.32%). Tv1-treated plants had fewer root galls, egg masses, and J2s per 100 g of roots than the inoculated-untreated control plants. The root-knot index (RKI) was significantly lower in plants treated with carbafuran (1.98 ± 0.047) and Tv1 (3.06 ± 0.086) than in control (4.47 ± 0.109). The bio-control efficiency of Tv1 against M. incognita was 21.04%, and the nematodes' reproductive factor (RF) declined to 0.53 in Tv1 treatment group. Based on the findings above, it was established that Tv1 effectively controlled nematode populations and wilt disease when applied in soil.

该研究评估了毛霉菌作为生物控制剂管理番茄作物枯萎线虫复合体的情况,旨在减少产量损失。从受感染的植物样本中分离出 Fusarium sp.和 Meloidogyne sp.,并从分子和形态上确认为 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici 和 Meloidogyne incognita。利用 ITS 和 TEF1 引物对从印度泰米尔纳德邦农业大学植物病理学系获得的四种毛霉菌属进行了分子鉴定,分别为赤霉菌(Tv1)、赤霉菌(Tasd1)、哈茨真菌(Th1)和科宁氏毛霉菌(Tk1)。其中,Tv1 能有效抑制病原菌分离物的菌丝生长。此外,Tv1 的粗代谢物也有类似的效果。培养 24-72 h 后,M. incognita J2s 的死亡率为 90.48% 至 100%,卵孵化抑制率达到 90.20%。用 Tv1 分生孢子处理的番茄植株的芽长、根长、鲜重和干重都有所增加。在盆栽实验中,Tv1 处理可降低病害发生率 64.57%,与多菌灵处理(82.32%)相当。与接种后未处理的对照植物相比,Tv1 处理过的植物每 100 克根中的根瘿、卵块和 J2 更少。经多菌灵(1.98 ± 0.047)和 Tv1(3.06 ± 0.086)处理的植株的根结指数(RKI)明显低于对照植株(4.47 ± 0.109)。Tv1 对 M. incognita 的生物防治效率为 21.04%,Tv1 处理组的线虫繁殖系数(RF)降至 0.53。根据上述研究结果,Tv1 在土壤中施用可有效控制线虫数量和枯萎病。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization of Sulfur Oxidizing Bacteria and Their Effect on Growth Promotion of Brassica napus L. 硫氧化细菌的特性及其对促进甘蓝型油菜生长的影响
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400239
Vishnu, Poonam Sharma, Jupinder Kaur, Satwant Kaur Gosal, Sohan Singh Walia

Oil seeds sector is one of the major dynamic components of the agriculture world. Oil seeds such as canola (Brassica napus) require a higher quantity of sulfur (S), which is supplied through inorganic fertilizers. However, the overapplication of agro-chemicals to get higher yields of crops is harming the soil health. Therefore, the application of bacterial cultures with plant growth-promoting activity as biofertilizers ensures soil health maintenance and enhances crop productivity. To achieve this aim, the present research was initiated by procuring three sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOBs), namely, SOB 5, SOB 10, and SOB 38, from the Microbiology Department, PAU. In the initial assessment, all three SOB cultures showed resilience to pesticide toxicity at the recommended dosage, with the exception of ridomil. These cultures were later characterized morphologically, biochemically, and at the molecular level using 16s rRNA resulting in their identification as Enterobacter ludwigii strain Remi_9 (SOB 5), Enterobacter hormaechei strain AUH-ENM30 (SOB 10), and Bacillus sp. 5BM21Y12 (SOB 38). Functional characterization of these SOB cultures revealed their ability to exhibit multifarious plant growth-promoting traits. Bacillus sp. 5BM21Y12 showed greater functional activity, including high P solubilization (14.903 µg/mL), IAA production (44.28 µg/mL), siderophore production (13.89 µg/mL), sulfate ion production (0.127 mM), ammonia excretion (2.369 µg/mL), and Zn solubilization (22.62 mm). Based on the results of functional and molecular characterization, Bacillus sp. 5BM21Y12 was selected for field trials by formulating different treatments. Composite treatment, T8 (100% S + Bacillus sp. + pesticides) significantly enhanced growth parameters (plant height, root, and shoot biomass), yield attributes (siliqua length, test weight, number of siliqua/plant), yield parameter (total biomass and seed yield), quality parameter (crude protein and oil) as compared to all other sole treatments employed in the field. A combined application of non-pathogenic Bacillus sp. 5BM21Y12, with good functional activity enhanced yield of crop due to synergistic and additive interaction with fertilizer/pesticides. As biofertilizer application reduces the input of pesticides/fertilizers new inoculant formulations with cell protectors and the development of compatible pesticides should be searched to assure the benefits of integrated treatment.

油料种子行业是世界农业的重要组成部分之一。油菜籽(芸苔属)等油料种子需要较多的硫(S),而硫是通过无机肥料提供的。然而,为了提高作物产量而过度施用农用化学品会损害土壤健康。因此,施用具有促进植物生长活性的细菌培养物作为生物肥料,可确保土壤健康并提高作物产量。为实现这一目标,本研究从 PAU 微生物系采购了三种硫氧化细菌(SOBs),即 SOB 5、SOB 10 和 SOB 38。在初步评估中,除利多米尔外,所有三种 SOB 培养物在推荐剂量下都显示出对杀虫剂毒性的抗性。后来,对这些培养物进行了形态学、生物化学和分子水平(16s rRNA)鉴定,结果确定它们分别是卢氏肠杆菌 Remi_9 株(SOB 5)、荷尔蒙肠杆菌 AUH-ENM30 株(SOB 10)和芽孢杆菌 5BM21Y12 株(SOB 38)。对这些 SOB 培养物的功能特性分析表明,它们具有多种促进植物生长的特性。芽孢杆菌 5BM21Y12 表现出更强的功能活性,包括高 P 溶解(14.903 微克/毫升)、IAA 生产(44.28 微克/毫升)、苷元生产(13.89 微克/毫升)、硫酸根离子生产(0.127 毫摩尔)、氨排泄(2.369 微克/毫升)和 Zn 溶解(22.62 毫米)。根据功能和分子表征的结果,选择了芽孢杆菌 5BM21Y12 进行田间试验,并配制了不同的处理方法。与田间使用的所有其他单一处理相比,复合处理 T8(100% S + 芽孢杆菌 + 杀虫剂)显著提高了生长参数(株高、根和芽的生物量)、产量属性(纤毛长度、试验重量、纤毛数量/株)、产量参数(总生物量和种子产量)、质量参数(粗蛋白和油)。联合施用具有良好功能活性的非致病性芽孢杆菌 5BM21Y12,由于与肥料/农药的协同和相加作用,提高了作物产量。由于生物肥料的应用减少了农药/化肥的投入,因此应寻找新的带有细胞保护剂的接种剂配方,并开发兼容的农药,以确保综合处理的效益。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring In Vitro Antibiofilm Potential and In Vivo Toxicity Assessment of Gold Nanoparticles. 探索金纳米粒子的体外抗生物膜潜力和体内毒性评估。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400329
Iram Liaqat, Saiqa Andleeb, Sajida Naseem, Abid Ali, Asma Abdul Latif, Muhamad Nauman Aftab, Sikander Ali, Asia Bibi, Muhammad Mubin, Awais Khalid, Muhammad Afzaal, Guo-Jing Yang, Shahzad Tufail, Haroon Ahmad

In this study, biogenically synthesized AuNPs were first characterized via UV visible spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, and FTIR followed by toxicity evaluation using mice model. UV-visible spectroscopy of biogenic AuNPs showed peaks at 540-549 nm, while FTIR spectrum showed various functional groups involving O-H, Amide I, Amide II, O-H, C-H groups, and so on. SEM showed the size variation from 30 to 60 nm. Antibacterial potential against pathogenic isolates showed bigger ZOI (31.0 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa AuNPs. Antibiofilm activity showing up to 100% inhibition at 90 µg mL-1 concentration of AuNPs. Toxicity evaluation showed LD50 as 70 mg kg-1. Exposure to AuNPs caused significant changes in the levels of serum AST (p < 0.05) at 100-150 mg kg-1 of AuNPs exposure. Histopathology of male albino mice kidney and liver revealed that mice exposed to maximum concentration of AuNPs showed necrosis, cell distortion, and hepatocytes detachment. Present study showed that biologically synthesized AuNPs possess effective antimicrobial and biofilm inhibitory potential. AuNPs strong bactericidal effect even at lower concentration suggest that NPs could have excellent potential for combating pathogens. In conclusion, nanotechnology may revolutionize human life and medical industry by developing innovative drugs with the potential to treat diseases in shorter and noninvasive time period. Hence, in vitro biosafety and experimental observations followed by in vivo outcomes are crucial in shifting the novel therapeutics into medical practice thus leading further into their future development.

本研究首先通过紫外可见光谱、扫描电子显微镜、XRD 和傅立叶变换红外光谱对生物合成的 AuNPs 进行了表征,然后利用小鼠模型对其进行了毒性评估。生物合成 AuNPs 的紫外可见光谱在 540-549 nm 处出现峰值,而傅立叶变换红外光谱则显示出各种官能团,包括 O-H、酰胺 I、酰胺 II、O-H、C-H 基团等。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)显示其尺寸变化范围为 30 至 60 纳米。针对病原体分离物的抗菌潜力显示,铜绿假单胞菌 AuNPs 的 ZOI 较大(31.0 mm)。在 90 µg mL-1 AuNPs 浓度下,抗生物膜活性的抑制率高达 100%。毒性评估显示半数致死剂量为 70 毫克/千克。接触 AuNPs 会导致血清 AST 水平发生显著变化(p -1 of AuNPs exposure)。雄性白化小鼠肾脏和肝脏的组织病理学显示,暴露于最高浓度 AuNPs 的小鼠出现坏死、细胞变形和肝细胞脱落。本研究表明,生物合成的 AuNPs 具有有效的抗菌和抑制生物膜的潜力。即使在较低浓度下,AuNPs 也具有很强的杀菌作用,这表明 AuNPs 在抗击病原体方面具有很好的潜力。总之,纳米技术可能会通过开发创新药物彻底改变人类生活和医疗行业,并有可能在更短的时间内非侵入性地治疗疾病。因此,体外生物安全性和实验观察以及体内结果对于将新型疗法转化为医疗实践至关重要,从而进一步推动其未来的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Consortium: A Narrative Review. 通过植物生长促进根瘤菌(PGPR)联盟加强重金属的植物修复:叙述性综述。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400529
Merugu Chandra Surya Rao, Vadlamudi Dinesh Rahul, Pandu Uppar, Marpu Lakshmi Madhuri, Barsha Tripathy, Ryali Devi Veda Vyas, Dokka Venkata Swami, Sirivuru Srinivasa Raju

Heavy metal pollution has become a significant concern as the world continues to industrialize, urbanize, and modernize. Heavy metal pollutants impede the growth and metabolism of plants. The bioaccumulation of heavy metals in plants may create chlorophyll antagonism, oxidative stress, underdeveloped plant growth, and reduced photosynthetic system. Finding practical solutions to protect the environment and plants from the toxic effects of heavy metals is essential for long-term sustainable development. The direct use of suitable living plants for eliminating and degrading metal pollutants from ecosystems is known as phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is a novel and promising way to remove toxic heavy metals. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can colonize plant roots and help promote their growth. Numerous variables, such as plant biomass yield, resistance to metal toxicity, and heavy metal solubility in the soil, affect the rate of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation using the PGPR consortium can speed up the process and increase the rate of heavy metal detoxification. The PGPR consortium has significantly increased the biological accumulation of various nutrients and heavy metals. This review sheds light on the mechanisms that allow plants to uptake and sequester toxic heavy metals to improve soil detoxification. The present review aids the understanding of eco-physiological mechanisms that drive plant-microbe interactions in the heavy metal-stressed environment.

随着全球工业化、城市化和现代化的不断发展,重金属污染已成为一个令人严重关切的问题。重金属污染物会阻碍植物的生长和新陈代谢。重金属在植物体内的生物累积可能会造成叶绿素拮抗、氧化应激、植物生长发育不良和光合作用系统减弱。找到切实可行的解决方案,保护环境和植物免受重金属的毒害,对于长期可持续发展至关重要。直接利用合适的活体植物消除和降解生态系统中的金属污染物被称为植物修复。植物修复是去除有毒重金属的一种新颖而有前景的方法。植物生长促进根瘤菌(PGPR)可以在植物根部定殖,帮助促进植物生长。植物生物量产量、对金属毒性的抗性以及重金属在土壤中的溶解度等众多变量都会影响植物修复的速度。使用 PGPR 联合体进行植物修复可以加快这一过程,提高重金属解毒率。PGPR 联合体能显著增加各种营养物质和重金属的生物累积。本综述揭示了植物吸收和固存有毒重金属以改善土壤解毒的机制。本综述有助于了解在重金属压力环境中植物与微生物相互作用的生态生理机制。
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引用次数: 0
Isolation, Screening and Identification of Biosurfactant Producing Strain Nocardiopsis dassonvillei var B2 From Oil Contaminated Soil. 从受石油污染的土壤中分离、筛选和鉴定产生生物表面活性剂的菌株 Nocardiopsis dassonvillei var B2。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400504
Nalini Panatula, Girijasankar Guntuku, Mary Sulakshana Palla, Murali Krishna Kumar Muthyala, Madhavi Meka, D Jagadeeswara Reddy

Petroleum and other oil manufacturing industries contribute to environmental pollution by releasing hazardous hydrocarbons. Biosurfactants offer a sustainable solution for mitigating oil pollution through emulsification processes, safeguarding agricultural soils, aquatic ecosystems, and human health. This study focuses on isolating, screening, and identifying actinomycetes producing biosurfactant from oil-polluted soil in the naval dockyard of Visakhapatnam. Biosurfactant production was successfully achieved utilizing Kim's medium, which was supplemented with olive oil serving as the carbon source. The evaluation involved preliminary identification tests, including oil displacement, Parafilm-M, and lipase activity assays, using sodium lauryl sulfate as the standard reference. Surface tension and emulsification index measurements were conducted, and the chemical composition of glycolipids and phospholipids was elucidated using phenol-sulfuric acid and phosphate assays. Glycolipids, specifically identified as rhamnolipids, were confirmed via cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) testing and quantitatively analyzed using the orcinol method. The cell-free broth exhibited antagonistic activity against Gram-positive and negative bacilli.16S rRNA sequencing-based phylogenetic analysis was carried out by the NCIM, Pune, with the gene sequence being deposited in GenBank. Further characterization of isolate B2 included scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, as well as physiological and biochemical assays. This study highlights the ability of Nocardiopsis dassonvillei var. B2, isolated from oil-polluted soil, to produce biosurfactants, specifically glycolipids identified as rhamnolipids. Our findings represent the first reported instance of biosurfactant production from isolate B2 originating from the naval dockyard in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.

石油和其他石油制造业通过释放有害碳氢化合物造成环境污染。生物表面活性剂为通过乳化过程减轻石油污染、保护农业土壤、水生生态系统和人类健康提供了一种可持续的解决方案。本研究的重点是从维萨卡帕特南海军船坞的石油污染土壤中分离、筛选和鉴定能产生生物表面活性剂的放线菌。利用添加了橄榄油作为碳源的金氏培养基,成功实现了生物表面活性剂的生产。评估涉及初步鉴定测试,包括油置换、Parafilm-M 和脂肪酶活性测定,以十二烷基硫酸钠为标准参考。此外,还进行了表面张力和乳化指数测量,并使用酚硫酸和磷酸盐测定法阐明了糖脂和磷脂的化学成分。通过十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)测试确认了糖脂,并使用奥克诺尔法对其进行了定量分析。无细胞肉汤对革兰氏阳性和阴性杆菌具有拮抗活性。16S rRNA 测序的系统发育分析由普纳的 NCIM 进行,基因序列已存入 GenBank。分离物 B2 的进一步特征描述包括扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析以及生理和生化测定。本研究强调了从石油污染土壤中分离出来的 Nocardiopsis dassonvillei 变种 B2 产生生物表面活性剂的能力,特别是被鉴定为鼠李糖脂的糖脂。我们的研究结果是首次报道来自印度安得拉邦维萨卡帕特南海军船坞的 B2 分离物产生生物表面活性剂的实例。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Biofilms on Surface Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Resins. 生物膜对聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA) 树脂表面特性的影响。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400460
Syed Ali Danish Kazmi, Tahira Soomro, Rimsha Soomro, Fouzia Zeeshan Khan, Bushra Jabeen, Tanveer Abbas, Yasir Raza, Zulfiqar Ali Mirani

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resins are widely used in medical and dental applications. Their susceptibility to bacterial biofilm formation poses significant challenges related to material degradation and infection risk. This study investigated the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms on PMMA resin surface properties over a 45-day period at 35°C. The study examined various parameters including biofilm adhesion, morphology, surface roughness, hydrophobicity, solid fraction, and zeta potential. PMMA resin specimens were inoculated with bacteria and incubated for 45 days. Biofilm adhesion was visually assessed, while surface characterization was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), roughness analysis, contact angle measurements, solid fraction determination, and zeta potential analysis. The P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolates were selected based on their biofilm-positive characteristics, which were further confirmed using Congo red and biofilm formation assays through crystal violet staining and spectrophotometric analysis. The results demonstrated robust biofilm adhesion on PMMA surfaces. SEM and AFM imaging revealed textured surfaces with elevated structures and depressions within the biofilm matrix. Biofilm-exposed resins exhibited significantly increased roughness (Ra = 164.5 nm, Rq = 169.5 nm) and hydrophobicity (mean angle = 85.5°-90.5°) compared to control samples (Ra = 38-50 nm, angle = 55°). Solid fraction measurements indicated a denser biofilm matrix on exposed resins (0.908) compared to controls (0.65). Additionally, zeta potential values were more negative for biofilm-exposed resins (mean = -84.2 mV) than controls (-45.0 mV). These findings underscore the substantial alterations in PMMA resin surface properties induced by bacterial biofilms, emphasizing the critical need for strategies to prevent biofilm formation and mitigate associated risks in healthcare settings. Future research should focus on developing anti-biofilm coatings or treatments to preserve the integrity and functionality of PMMA materials.

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)树脂广泛应用于医疗和牙科领域。它们容易形成细菌生物膜,这给材料降解和感染风险带来了巨大挑战。本研究调查了铜绿假单胞菌(P. aeruginosa)和金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)生物膜在 35°C 下 45 天内对 PMMA 树脂表面特性的影响。该研究考察了各种参数,包括生物膜的附着力、形态、表面粗糙度、疏水性、固体分数和 zeta 电位。在 PMMA 树脂试样中接种细菌并培养 45 天。对生物膜的附着力进行目测评估,同时使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、粗糙度分析、接触角测量、固体分数测定和 zeta 电位分析进行表面表征。根据铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生物膜阳性特征选择了这两种分离物,并使用刚果红和生物膜形成测定法通过水晶紫染色和分光光度分析进一步确认了这些特征。结果表明,PMMA 表面的生物膜附着力很强。扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜成像显示了生物膜基质内具有隆起结构和凹陷的纹理表面。与对照样品(Ra = 38-50 nm,角度 = 55°)相比,暴露于生物膜的树脂表现出明显增加的粗糙度(Ra = 164.5 nm,Rq = 169.5 nm)和疏水性(平均角度 = 85.5°-90.5°)。固体组分测量结果表明,与对照组(0.65)相比,暴露树脂上的生物膜基质密度更高(0.908)。此外,生物膜暴露树脂的 zeta 电位值(平均 = -84.2 mV)比对照组(-45.0 mV)更负。这些发现强调了细菌生物膜对 PMMA 树脂表面特性的重大改变,强调了在医疗保健环境中防止生物膜形成和降低相关风险的策略的迫切需要。未来的研究应侧重于开发抗生物膜涂层或处理方法,以保持 PMMA 材料的完整性和功能性。
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引用次数: 0
Arsenic Stress Mitigation Using a Novel Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Strain Bacillus mycoides NR5 in Spinach Plant (Spinacia oleracea L.). 在菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)中使用新型植物生长促进菌株枯草芽孢杆菌 NR5 缓解砷胁迫。
IF 3.5 4区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400401
Khan M Sarim, Renu Shukla, Manish S Bhoyar, Baljeet Kaur, Dhananjay P Singh

Present study aimed to identify arsenic (As)-resistant bacterial strains that can be used to mitigate arsenic stress. A bacterium Bacillus mycoides NR5 having As tolerance limit of 1100 mg L-1 was isolated from Nag River, Maharashtra, India. It was also equipped with plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes like phosphate solubilization, siderophores, ammonia, and nitrate reduction, with added antibiotic tolerance. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron micrograph (TEM) suggested biosorption as possible mechanisms of arsenic tolerance. A strong peak in FTIR spectra at 3379.0 corresponding to amine in As-treated NR5 also indicated metal interaction with cell surface protein. Amplification of arsenic reductase gene in NR5 further suggested intracellular transformation of As speciation. Moreover, As tolerance capability of NR5 was shown in spinach plants in which the bacterium effectively mitigated 25 ppm As by producing defense-related proline molecules. Evidence from SEM, TEM, and FTIR, concluded biosorption possibly the primary mechanism of As tolerance in NR5 along with the transformation of arsenic. B. mycoides NR5 with PGP attributes, high As tolerance, and antibiotic resistance mediated enhanced As tolerance in spinach plants advocated that the strain can be a better choice for As bioremediation in contaminated agricultural soil and water.

本研究旨在鉴定可用于缓解砷胁迫的抗砷(As)细菌菌株。研究人员从印度马哈拉施特拉邦纳格河分离出了耐砷极限为 1100 毫克/升的枯草芽孢杆菌 NR5。它还具有促进植物生长(PGP)的特性,如磷酸盐溶解、嗜苷酸、氨和硝酸盐还原,以及抗生素耐受性。此外,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表明,生物吸附是砷耐受性的可能机制。傅立叶变换红外光谱在 3379.0 处出现了一个强峰,对应于砷处理过的 NR5 中的胺,这也表明金属与细胞表面蛋白发生了相互作用。NR5 中砷还原酶基因的扩增进一步表明了砷在细胞内的转化。此外,NR5 在菠菜植物中的耐砷能力也得到了证实,该细菌通过产生与防御相关的脯氨酸分子,有效缓解了 25 ppm 的砷浓度。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子显微镜(TEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)的证据表明,生物吸附可能是 NR5 耐受砷和砷转化的主要机制。具有 PGP 特性、高砷耐受性和抗生素耐受性的 B. mycoides NR5 增强了菠菜植物对砷的耐受性,因此该菌株可作为受污染农业土壤和水体砷生物修复的更好选择。
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引用次数: 0
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