Journal of Basic Microbiology最新文献

Bacterial endophytes from plants harbor diverse metabolites that play major roles in biocontrol and improve plant growth. In this study, a total of 12 endophytic bacteria were isolated from the ginger rhizome. The strain K3 was highly effective in preventing mycelia growth of Pythium myriotylum (78.5 ± 1.5% inhibition) in dual culture. The cell-free extract (2.5%) of endophyte K3 inhibited 76.3 ± 4.8% mycelia growth, and 92.4 ± 4.2% inhibition was observed at a 5% sample concentration. The secondary metabolites produced by Bacillus licheniformis K3 showed maximum activity against Pseudomonas syringae (24 ± 1 mm zone of inhibition) and Xanthomonas campestris (28 ± 3 mm zone of inhibition). The strain K3 produced 28.3 ± 1.7 IU mL⁻¹ protease, 28.3 ± 1.7 IU mL⁻¹ cellulase, and 2.04 ± 0.13 IU mL⁻¹ chitinase, respectively. The ginger rhizome treated with K3 in the greenhouse registered 53.8 ± 1.4% soft rot incidence, and the streptomycin-treated pot registered 78.3 ± 1.7% disease incidence. The selected endophyte K3 improved ascorbate peroxidase (1.37 ± 0.009 µmole ASC min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein), catalase (8.7 ± 0.28 µmole min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (26.2 ± 0.99 Umg⁻¹) in the greenhouse. In addition, K3 treatment in the field trial improved rhizome yield (730 ± 18.4 g) after 180 days (p < 0.01). The shoot length was 46 ± 8.3 cm in K3-treated plants, and it was about 31% higher than the control treatment (p < 0.01). The lytic enzyme-producing and growth-promoting endophyte is useful in sustainable crop production through the management of biotic stress.

Sharma M, Delta AK, Dhanda PS, Kaushik P, Mohanta YK, Saravanan M, et al. AMF and PSB applications modulated the biochemical and mineral content of the eggplants. J Basic Microbiol. 2022;6:1371–1378. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202200231

The present Corrigendum is issued to correct the affiliation of author Prashant Kaushik from:

Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain to:

Independent Researcher, Kurukshetra, India.

The authors would like to mention that there are no changes in the results, interpretation, and final conclusion of the manuscript after this correction, and apologize for any confusion that these errors may have caused.

Yadav A, Batra D, Kaushik P, Mohanta TK. Abundance and distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with oil-yielding plants. J Basic Microbiol. 2023; 63: 814–827. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.202300012

The present Corrigendum is issued to correct the affiliation of author Prashant Kaushik from:

Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain

to:

Independent Researcher, Kurukshetra, India.

Additionally, unintentional redundancy of figure elements in Figures 2 and 5 have occurred during figure compilation. The correct Figures 2 and 5 are shown below.

The authors would like to mention that there are no changes in the results, interpretation, and final conclusion of the manuscript after this correction, and apologize for any confusion that these errors may have caused.

P0 proteins encoded by the pepper vein yellow virus (PeVYV) are pathogenic factors that cause hypersensitive response (HR). However, the host gene expression related to PeVYV P0-induced HR has not been thoroughly studied. Transcriptomic technology was used to investigate the host pathways mediated by the PeVYV P0 protein to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying its function. We found 12,638 differentially expressed genes (DEGs); 6784 and 5854 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Transcriptomic and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses revealed that salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis-related gene expression was upregulated, and ethylene synthesis-related gene expression was downregulated. Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to quantify SA and JA concentrations in Nicotiana benthamiana, and the P0 protein induced SA and JA biosynthesis. We then hypothesized that the pathogenic activity of the P0 protein might be owing to proteins related to host hormones in the SA and JA pathways, modulating host resistance at different times. Viral gene silencing suppression technology was used in N. benthamiana to characterize candidate proteins, and downregulating NbHERC3 (Homologous to E6-AP carboxy-terminus domain and regulator of choromosome condensation-1 dmain protein 3) accelerated cell necrosis in the host. The downregulation of NbCRR reduced cell death, while that of NbBax induced necrosis and curled heart leaves. Our findings indicate that NbHERC3, NbBax, and NbCRR are involved in P0 protein-driven cell necrosis.

Bacteriophages infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis mc²155 are numerous and, hence, are classified into clusters based on nucleotide sequence similarity. Analyzing phages belonging to clusters/subclusters can help gain deeper insights into their biological features and potential therapeutic applications. In this study, for genomic characterization of B1 subcluster mycobacteriophages, a framework of online tools was developed, which enabled functional annotation of about 55% of the previously deemed hypothetical proteins in B1 phages. We also studied the phenotype, lysogeny status, and antimycobacterial activity of 10 B1 phages against biofilm and an antibiotic-resistant M. smegmatis strain (4XR1). All 10 phages belonged to the Siphoviridae family, appeared temperate based on their spontaneous release from the putative lysogens and showed antibiofilm activity. The highest inhibitory and disruptive effects on biofilm were 64% and 46%, respectively. This systematic characterization using a combination of genomic and experimental tools is a promising approach to furthering our understanding of viral dark matter.

Arthrobotrys flagrans, a nematode-eating fungus, is an effective component of animal parasitic nematode biocontrol agents. In the dried formulation, the majority of spores are in an endogenous dormant state. This study focuses on dormant chlamydospore and nondormant chlamydospore of A. flagrans to investigate the differences in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein content between the two types of spores. cAMP and soluble proteins were extracted from the nondormant chlamydospore and dormant chlamydospore of two isolates of A. flagrans. The cAMP Direct Immunoassay Kit and Bradford protein concentration assay kit (Coomassie brilliant blue method) were used to detect the cAMP and protein content in two types of spores. Results showed that the content of cAMP in dormant spores of both isolates was significantly higher than that in nondormant spores (p < 0.05). The protein content of dormant spores in DH055 bacteria was significantly higher than that of nondormant spores (p < 0.05). In addition, the protein content of dormant spores of the SDH035 strain was slightly higher than that of nondormant spores, but the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The results obtained in this study provide evidence for the biochemical mechanism of chlamydospore dormancy or the germination of the nematophagous fungus A. flagrans.

Alex E. Moskaluk, Lauren Darlington, Sue VandeWoude

Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

Journal of Basic Microbiology 2024, 64(1), 22-31.

DOI 10.1002/jobm.202300125

Correspondence Alex E. Moskaluk, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. Email: [email protected]

Due to an oversight during the drafting process, Sally Kuhn was not included in the original author list. The author list has been amended as follows:

Alex E. Moskaluk^1*, Lauren Darlington¹, Sally Kuhn², Sue VandeWoude¹

¹Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA

²Craig Hospital, Englewood, Colorado, USA

The following should be added under AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Sally Kuhn: Data curation; investigation; methodology; project administration.

We apologize for this error.

From its early identification by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg to its current prominence in scientific research, Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) has emerged as a foundational model organism in microbiology. This comprehensive review delves deep into its genetic, physiological, and biochemical intricacies, revealing a sophisticated cellular blueprint. With the incorporation of advanced techniques such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 and integrative computational methodologies, the potential applications of B. subtilis span diverse sectors. These encompass its significant contributions to biotechnology, agriculture, and medical fields and its potential for aiding environmental cleanup efforts. Yet, as we move forward, we must grapple with concerns related to safety, ethics, and the practical implementation of our lab findings in everyday scenarios. As our understanding of B. subtilis deepens, it is evident that its contributions will be central to pioneering sustainable solutions for global challenges in the years to come.

Cover illustration:

A morphotype of Cedrus deodara + Rhizopogon himalayensis ectomycorrhizal system (irregularly pinnate, dichotomous type) collected from pure Deodar forest. The mycorrhizal system is black to dark brown in color, showing 0-1 order of ramification and visible rhizomorphs (brown to ochre in color).

(Photo: Ajay Kumar, ICFRE-Himalayan Forest Research Institute, Conifer Campus, Shimla, India)