Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials最新文献

英文中文

Use of Agro Industrial Residues for the Production of Amylase by Penicillium sp. for Applications in Food Industry 利用农业工业残留物生产淀粉酶的青霉菌在食品工业中的应用

Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials

Pub Date : 2017-05-05 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000256

N. Arora, Supreet Kaur, Sawinder Kaur

Glucoamylase production has been investigated by solid state fermentation using agro-industrial residues, rice bran, wheat bran and banana peel by Penicillium sp. Out of the different agricultural residues tested for enzyme production, rice bran yielded the maximum glucoamylase activity (10.29 ± 0.07 Units/ml), protein content (1.22 ± 0.0014 mg/ml) and specific activity (8.4 Units/mg protein) with Penicillium sp. after 7th day of fermentation as compared to other agro residues. Media supplementation with carbon and nitrogen sources enhances the enzyme activity. For maximum production of enzyme, sucrose (13.70 ± 0.77 Units/ml) (1% mass level) and yeast extract (14.41 ± 0.07Units/ml) (1% mass level) as carbon and nitrogen source respectively were found optimum on rice bran with Penicillium sp. Optimum enzyme activity was observed at 90°C, pH 9. The partial purification of enzyme from rice bran by Penicillium sp. was done with 60% ammonium sulphate precipitation showed maximum enzyme activity. Enzyme hydrolysis showed maximum activity (3.69 Units/ml) with potato starch from rice bran by Penicillium sp.

以农用残渣、米糠、麦麸和香蕉皮为原料，对青霉菌进行固体发酵生产葡萄糖淀粉酶的研究。在不同的农用残渣中，与其他农用残渣相比，经过7天的发酵，米糠的葡萄糖淀粉酶活性(10.29±0.07 Units/ml)、蛋白质含量(1.22±0.0014 mg/ml)和比活性(8.4 Units/mg蛋白质)最高。培养基中添加碳源和氮源可提高酶活性。以蔗糖(13.70±0.77 Units/ml)(1%质量水平)和酵母膏(14.41±0.07Units/ml)(1%质量水平)为碳源和氮源，在90℃、pH 9条件下酶活性最佳。用60%硫酸铵沉淀法对米糠酶进行部分纯化，酶活性最高。青霉菌对米糠马铃薯淀粉的酶解活性最高，为3.69单位/ml。

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引用次数: 2

Modeling of Encapsulation of Alanine Amino Acid inside a CarbonNanotube 丙氨酸氨基酸在碳纳米管内封装的建模

Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials

Pub Date : 2017-05-05 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000255

Hakim AL Garalleh, Mazen Garalehab

Carbon nanotubes play a significant role in facilitating and controlling the transportation of drugs and biomolecules through their internal and external surfaces. Carbon nanotubes are also selective nano-devices because of their outstanding properties and huge potential use in many bio-medical and drug delivery applications. The proposed model aims to investigate the encapsulation of Alanine molecule inside a single-walled carbon nanotube, and to determine the minimum energy arising from the Alanine interacting with single-walled carbon nanotubes with variant radius r. We consider two possible structures as models of Alanine amino acid which are a spherical shell and discrete configuration modelled as comprising three components: the linear molecule, cylindrical group and CH3 molecule as a sphere, all interacting with infinite cylindrical single-walled carbon nanotube. The adsorption of Alanine amino acid and magnitude of total energy for each orientation calculated based on the nanotube radius r and the orientation angle φ which the amino acid makes with central axis of the cylindrical nanotube. Our results indicate that the Alanine molecule encapsulated inside the nanotubes of radius greater than 3.75 A, which is in excellent agreement with recent findings.

碳纳米管在促进和控制药物和生物分子通过其内外表面的运输方面发挥着重要作用。碳纳米管也是一种选择性纳米器件，因为它具有优异的性能，在许多生物医学和药物输送应用中具有巨大的潜在用途。该模型旨在研究丙氨酸分子在单壁碳纳米管内的封装，并确定丙氨酸与半径r不同的单壁碳纳米管相互作用时产生的最小能量。我们考虑了两种可能的丙氨酸模型，即球形壳和离散构型，由三个组成部分组成:线性分子、圆柱形基团和CH3分子作为一个球体，与无限圆柱形单壁碳纳米管相互作用。根据纳米管半径r和氨基酸与圆柱形纳米管中心轴形成的取向角φ，计算了氨基酸对丙氨酸的吸附量和各取向的总能量大小。结果表明，丙氨酸分子被包裹在半径大于3.75 A的纳米管内，这与最近的研究结果非常吻合。

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引用次数: 0

Science and technology of multifunctional Ultrananocrystalline Diamond (UNCDTM) coatings and applications to a new generation of implantable medical devices 多功能超晶金刚石(UNCDTM)涂层的科学技术及其在新一代植入式医疗器械中的应用

Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials

Pub Date : 2017-04-05 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.C1.072

Orl, O. Auciello

引用次数: 0

Structure-guided design of selective matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors and their application in animal models of multiple sclerosis, sepsis, and osteoarthritis 选择性基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)抑制剂的结构引导设计及其在多发性硬化症、败血症和骨关节炎动物模型中的应用

Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials

Pub Date : 2017-03-31 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.C1.069

G. Fields

引用次数: 0

Interaction Effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine, Indole-3-Butyricacid andUrea Fertilizer to Enhance Tillering Potential of Sugarcane (Sacharumofficinarum L) Plants 6-苄基氨基嘌呤、吲哚-3-丁酸和尿素对提高甘蔗分蘖潜力的互作效应

Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials

Pub Date : 2017-03-27 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000254

Gezahegn Terefe, B. Tolera

Even though tillering is a key yield attribute in sugarcane and determined by the genetic base of the genotype, it can also be affected by applications of plant growth regulators, phenolic compounds, nitrogen fertilizers and other agronomic management practices. With this view, the effects of BAP, IBA and Urea fertilizer on two sugarcane genotypes with early maturing and high sugar content but shy in tillering followed by few millable stalk populations and hence low in cane and sugar yield was investigated. Accordingly, three levels of BAP (0, 0.03 & 0.06 mg/l), three levels of IBA (0, 0.02 and 0.03 mg/l) and four levels of Urea (0, 300, 450 and 700 kg/ha) with two sugarcane genotypes in a completely randomized block design with 3*3*4*2 factorial treatment combination arrangements was tested. Data on the number of tillers per shoot, average shoot length (cm) and number of active leaves per shoot were collected after 60 days of planting on Luvisol of Metahara Sugar Estate. Analysis of variance proved that the interaction effects of BAP* IBA*Urea*Sugarcane genotypes was highly significant (P<0.001) on the response variables tested. In sugarcane genotype C132-81, the optimum number of tillers per shoot (11.43) was obtained at 0.03 mg/l IBA, 0.06 mg/l BAP and 300 kg/l Urea fertilizer with 30.47 cm average shoot length and 8.27 active leaves per shoot while C86-56 produced 10.97 tillers per shoot with 33 cm average shoot length and 6.57 active leaves per shoot on the same treatment combination. From this result, it can be deduced that, it is possible to double the key yield attribute; number of tillers per shoot in shy tillering sugarcane genotypes that can in turn increase cane and sugar yield.

尽管分蘖是甘蔗的一个关键产量属性，并由基因型的遗传基础决定，但分蘖也会受到植物生长调节剂、酚类化合物、氮肥和其他农艺管理措施的影响。在此基础上，研究了BAP、IBA和尿素肥对早熟、含糖量高、分蘖少、可分秆少、产量低的2种甘蔗基因型的影响。采用3*3*4*2因子组合试验设计，对2种甘蔗基因型的3个水平BAP(0、0.03和0.06 mg/l)、3个水平IBA(0、0.02和0.03 mg/l)和4个水平尿素(0、300、450和700 kg/ha)进行了试验。在梅塔原糖业田露维索种植60 d后，收集了每枝分蘖数、平均枝长(cm)和每枝活性叶数的数据。方差分析表明，BAP* IBA*尿素*甘蔗基因型对所测应答变量的互作效应极显著(P<0.001)。甘蔗基因型C132-81在0.03 mg/l IBA、0.06 mg/l BAP和300 kg/l尿素处理下，平均枝长30.47 cm、每枝活性叶8.27片，每枝分蘖数为11.43个;C86-56在相同处理下，平均枝长33 cm、每枝活性叶6.57片，每枝分蘖数为10.97个。从这个结果可以推断，关键产量属性可以翻倍;害羞分蘖甘蔗基因型的每枝分蘖数可以提高甘蔗和糖的产量。

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引用次数: 0

The Effects of Carbon and Gold Ion Implanted Surfaces on Neuronal StemCellsÃ¢ÂÂ Functions 碳和金离子注入表面对神经元StemCellsÃ¢ÂÂ功能的影响

Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials

Pub Date : 2017-02-03 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000253

Emel Sokullu, Taner DaÄcÄ, O. Gözen, Fulya Ersoy, A. Oztarhan

Biomaterials have been used in medicine for decades to improve the functions of tissues and organs. They are also used as prosthesis and implants which are designed to substitute functions of a lacking organ or tissue. Carbon (C) and Gold (Au) were particularly chosen due to their biocompatibility and applied as implants for decades. Carbon and gold were great ion sources for medical applications, as well. In this study, polystyrene dishes were modified using gold and carbon ions via ion implantation technique. Using this surface modification method, it was aimed to improve surface characteristics and achieve a bioactive surface for neural stem cells. Even though the integration of stem cells was promising, neural stem cell studies still have many milestones to reach. Neuro-regeneration was the most desired function for people who suffer from neural system diseases. Changing surface characteristics of scaffolds was a way to promote regeneration and ion implantation was one of the methods to modify surface properties which play a huge role in enhancing the proliferation and integration of cells. In this study, it was observed that the ion implantation stimulated the neural proliferation and the implantation of different ions on cell culture surfaces was essential to determine the effects of this technique on adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis properties of cells in details.

几十年来，生物材料一直用于医学，以改善组织和器官的功能。它们也被用作假体和植入物，用来代替缺少的器官或组织的功能。碳(C)和金(Au)由于其生物相容性而被特别选择，并作为植入物应用了几十年。碳和金也是医学应用的重要离子来源。本研究通过离子注入技术对聚苯乙烯盘子进行了金离子和碳离子的改性。利用这种表面修饰方法，旨在改善神经干细胞的表面特性，获得具有生物活性的表面。尽管干细胞的整合很有希望，但神经干细胞的研究仍有许多里程碑要达到。神经再生是神经系统疾病患者最期望的功能。改变支架的表面特性是促进再生的一种途径，离子注入是改变支架表面特性的方法之一，对促进细胞的增殖和整合起着巨大的作用。在本研究中，我们观察到离子注入刺激了神经细胞的增殖，而在细胞培养表面注入不同的离子是详细确定该技术对细胞粘附、增殖、分化和凋亡特性影响的必要条件。

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引用次数: 0

Transposon Induced Nitrogenase in Rhizobium japonicum Infecting Vignaradiata 侵染Vignaradiata的日本根瘤菌转座子诱导的氮酶

Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials

Pub Date : 2017-02-01 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000252

Abhay Ghatage, P. Rachna, Ey, N. Nawani, M. Khetmalas

The present study established a transposon mutagenesis procedure for Rhizobium japonicum forming symbiotic association with Mung bean (Vigna radiata). Suicide plasmid pko3 introduce the transposon Tn3 in to Rhizobium japonicum via Escherichia coli mediated conjugation and successfully generated 800 mutants with frequency of 3.7 × 10-6. These 800 mutants along with rifampicin resistant mutant and wild strain were screened for nodulation, which showed 100 mutants with pink coloured nodulation to mung bean plant. Out of 100 mutants 10 were promising for nitrogen fixation. The mutant AVR040 showed nitrogenase activity 12.4 μmol/h/mg fresh weight of nodule which is more than wild 9.61μmol/h/mg fresh weight of nodule, while AVR063 showed higher nitrogenase activity 19.4 μmol/h/mg fresh weight of nodule than AVR040.

本研究建立了日本根瘤菌与绿豆共生的转座子诱变方法。自杀质粒pko3通过大肠杆菌介导的偶联将转座子tn3in引入日本根瘤菌，成功地产生了800个突变体，频率为3.7 × 10-6。对这800个突变体与利福平抗性突变体和野生菌株进行结瘤筛选，结果显示100个突变体对绿豆植物结瘤呈粉红色。100个突变体中有10个具有固氮作用。突变体AVR040的氮酶活性为12.4 μmol/h/mg鲜重，高于野生型的9.61μmol/h/mg鲜重，而AVR063的氮酶活性为19.4 μmol/h/mg鲜重，高于野生型AVR040。

引用次数: 1

Hyperdry Human Amniotic Membrane (HD-AM) is Supporting AciclovirIncluded Device of Poly-N-p-Vinyl-Benzyl-D-Lactonamide (PVLA) Spherefor Treatment of HSV-1 Infected Rabbit Keratitis Model 超干燥人羊膜(HD-AM)支持含aciclovir的聚n -p-乙烯基苄基- d -内酯酰胺(PVLA)球治疗HSV-1感染兔角膜炎模型

Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000251

M. Okabe, Toshiko Yoshida, Michiko Suzuki, M. Goto, M. Omori, M. Taguchi, Ayaka Toda, Takuma Suzuki, K. Nakagawa, Fumitaka Hiramoto, T. Ushijima, Hiroki Waki, Etsuko Furuichi, K. Arai, Kaixuan Zhou, Moustafa Fathy Omar, Makoto Nakamura, Y. Nomura, T. Kasama, Kiyoshi Katou, S. Saito, T. Nikaido

The human amniotic membrane (AM) has been widely used in ophthalmic surgery, including in ocular surface reconstruction. However, whether AM is effective for the release of impregnated drugs is unknown. Hyperdry-AM (HD-AM), glutaraldehyde cross-linked HD-AM (Glu HD-AM) and a solvent of poly-N-p-vinylbenzyl- D-lactonamide (PVLA) did not cause irritation to the rabbit eye. Although the concentration of residual glutaraldehyde in Glu HD-AM was approximately 40 ppm (dry-weight basis), no eye irritation was observed. Acyclovir (ACV) containing PVLA-bearing spheres (ACV/PVLA) was loaded into HD-AM (ACV/PVLA HD-AM), and then the therapeutic efficacy of ACV/PVLA HD-AM was compared with that of ACV/PVLA solution in a herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) eye infection model. The former was more effective against ocular infection, and its efficacy was dose- and volume-dependent. Thus, ACV/PVLA HD-AM sheets were very effective as a curative treatment for eye infection with HSV-1. HD-AM can be function as drug delivery system. In the future, it may be possible to combine HD-AM and PVLA in a device that can control the release of hydrophobic medicines.

人羊膜(AM)已广泛应用于眼科手术，包括眼表重建。然而，AM是否对浸渍药物的释放有效尚不清楚。超干am (HD-AM)、戊二醛交联的HD-AM (Glu HD-AM)和聚n -p-乙烯基苄基- d -内酯酰胺(PVLA)溶剂对兔眼没有刺激作用。虽然Glu HD-AM中残留戊二醛的浓度约为40 ppm(干重基础)，但未观察到眼睛刺激。在单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)眼部感染模型中，将含含PVLA球(ACV/PVLA)的阿昔洛韦(ACV)装入HD-AM (ACV/PVLA HD-AM)中，比较ACV/PVLA HD-AM与ACV/PVLA溶液的治疗效果。前者对眼部感染更有效，其疗效与剂量和容量有关。因此，ACV/PVLA HD-AM片是非常有效的治疗眼部感染HSV-1的治疗方法。HD-AM可作为给药系统。在未来，有可能将HD-AM和PVLA结合在一个可以控制疏水药物释放的装置中。

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引用次数: 15

Molecular Imprinted Silica with West Nile Antibody Templates show Specific and Selective Binding in Immunoassays. 分子印迹二氧化硅与西尼罗河抗体模板显示特异性和选择性结合免疫分析。

Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-06-13 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952x.1000260

Julio E Rincon, Fabio Diaz Santillan, Pedro M Palermo Infante, Douglas M Watts, Thomas Boland

A new molecular imprinting technique was developed for molecularly imprinted polymer particles (MIPs). Particles were synthesized using organic silane chemistries by a sol-gel process, where the relative amount of active monomers was complementary matched to the relative amount of surface charges of the West Nile antibody template. Synthesized MIPs showed specific binding to affinity purified polyclonal West Nile antibodies (WNA) with a loading capacity of 80 µg/mg, while MIPs absorbed non-specific proteins at a loading capacity of 28 µg/mg. A dissociation constant of Kd=57.45 μM was measured from the binding isotherms. MIPs selectively absorbed 27 times more WNA than either albumin or immunoglobulin, while MIPs absorbed 16 times more WNA than non- imprinted particles (NIPs). Finally, fluorescently labeled MIPs were incubated in a high bind 96 well plate previously loaded with template, albumin, or immunoglobulin as an immunoassay test. Fluorescent MIPs significantly bound more to wells with WNA than any other control. Thus, the development of new affordable and robust immunoassays with MIPs would be possible in the future.

研究了分子印迹聚合物颗粒(MIPs)的分子印迹技术。颗粒通过溶胶-凝胶法合成，其中活性单体的相对数量与西尼罗河抗体模板的表面电荷的相对数量是互补的。合成的MIPs与亲和纯化的西尼罗河多克隆抗体(WNA)特异性结合，负载能力为80µg/mg，而MIPs吸收非特异性蛋白的负载能力为28µg/mg。结合等温线测得解离常数Kd=57.45 μM。MIPs选择性吸收的WNA比白蛋白或免疫球蛋白多27倍，而MIPs选择性吸收的WNA比非印迹颗粒(NIPs)多16倍。最后，荧光标记的mip在高结合的96孔板中孵育，预先装载模板，白蛋白或免疫球蛋白作为免疫测定试验。与任何其他对照相比，荧光MIPs与WNA的结合明显更多。因此，未来有可能开发出新的负担得起的、强大的免疫测定方法。

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引用次数: 1

Growth Rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms on Slippery Butyl Methacrylate-Co-Ethylene Dimethacrylate (BMA-EDMA), Glass and Polycarbonate Surfaces. 铜绿假单胞菌生物膜在光滑的甲基丙烯酸丁酯-二甲基丙烯酸乙酯(BMA-EDMA)、玻璃和聚碳酸酯表面的生长速率

Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials

Pub Date : 2017-01-01 Epub Date: 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000274

Helena Valquier-Flynn, Christina L Wilson, Andrea E Holmes, Christopher D Wentworth

Bacterial biofilms pose a significant health risk when they grow on devices placed or implanted in the human body. There is a need to develop new materials that can be used as surface coatings on such devices to inhibit biofilm growth. We report on measurements of the biofilm growth rate on a new polymeric material, slippery BMA-EDMA, which can be used as a surface coating for medical devices. Growth rate measurements are also reported for polycarbonate and glass surfaces, for comparison. Measurements are made in a medium shear stress fluid environment. The physical properties of the surfaces are characterized using contact angle, surface roughness, surface skewness and surface kurtosis. Growth rate on the slippery BMA-EDMA is found to be the smallest of the three surfaces. Growth rate is weakly correlated with surface hydrophobicity and surface roughness, while it is strongly correlated with surface skewness and kurtosis.

当细菌生物膜在放置或植入人体的设备上生长时，会对健康造成重大威胁。有必要开发新的材料，可以用作这种装置的表面涂层，以抑制生物膜的生长。我们报告了一种新的聚合物材料，光滑的BMA-EDMA的生物膜生长速率的测量，它可以用作医疗设备的表面涂层。为了比较，还报告了聚碳酸酯和玻璃表面的生长速率测量。测量是在中等剪切应力流体环境中进行的。用接触角、表面粗糙度、表面偏度和表面峰度表征了表面的物理性质。在光滑的BMA-EDMA表面上的生长速率是三种表面中最小的。生长速率与表面疏水性和表面粗糙度呈弱相关，而与表面偏度和峰度呈强相关。

引用次数: 11

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