Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000257
A. Berezin
Microparticles (MPs) are considered important diagnostic biological markers in many diseases with promising predictive value. There are several methods that currently used for the detection of number and characterization of structure and features of MPs. Therefore, the MP detection methods have been remained pretty costly and time consuming. The review is depicted the perspectives to use coupling methods for MP measurement and structure assay. Indeed, there is large body evidence regarding that the combination of atomic force microscopy or coupling nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) with microbeads, plasmon resonance method and fluorescence quantum dots could exhibit much more accurate ability to detect both number and structure of MPs when compared with traditional flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Whether several combined methods would be useful for advanced MP detection is not fully clear, while it is extremely promising.
{"title":"Coupling Analytical Methods for Detection of Microparticles: The Possibilities for Improvement","authors":"A. Berezin","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000257","url":null,"abstract":"Microparticles (MPs) are considered important diagnostic biological markers in many diseases with promising predictive value. There are several methods that currently used for the detection of number and characterization of structure and features of MPs. Therefore, the MP detection methods have been remained pretty costly and time consuming. The review is depicted the perspectives to use coupling methods for MP measurement and structure assay. Indeed, there is large body evidence regarding that the combination of atomic force microscopy or coupling nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) with microbeads, plasmon resonance method and fluorescence quantum dots could exhibit much more accurate ability to detect both number and structure of MPs when compared with traditional flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Whether several combined methods would be useful for advanced MP detection is not fully clear, while it is extremely promising.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81610616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-29DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000E128
M. Sabbah, P. Pierro, M. Esposito, C. Giosafatto, L. Mariniello, R. Porta
{"title":"Stabilization of Charged Polysaccharide Film Forming Solution by SodiumChloride: Nanoparticle Z-Average and Zeta-Potential Monitoring","authors":"M. Sabbah, P. Pierro, M. Esposito, C. Giosafatto, L. Mariniello, R. Porta","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000E128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000E128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75004630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-21DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X-C2-092
Kathryn A. Johnston, Karlo Lopez
{"title":"Inhibition of Lysyl oxidase in breast cancer cells by small-molecule inhibitors","authors":"Kathryn A. Johnston, Karlo Lopez","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X-C2-092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X-C2-092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91338598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-20DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.C1.060
R. Pasqualini
{"title":"Ligand-directed targeting and molecular imaging based on vascular zip codes revealed by in vivo phage display","authors":"R. Pasqualini","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.C1.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.C1.060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86379883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-20DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.C1.061
Mohamed Mostafa Shokry
Camel-derived haemoglobin O2 carriers (CHBOC) are being developed as a blood substitutes for allogeneic RBCs or to improve tissue oxygenation. The tolerability of the developed product was evaluated in 10 moderately exsanguinated (40%) experimental mongrel dogs that were randomized to receive either 40 g/l CHBOC dissolved in lactated Ringer’s solution at a rate of 5 ml/kg (Test group-14 trials) or 6 g/l HES 200 solution - 6% hydroxyethyl starch (Fresenius Kabi-Germany) dissolved in saline at a rate of - 5ml/kg- (Control group-6 trials). Overall, the clinical, haematological and biochemical responses were normal. The CHBOC was well tolerated and a promising product. However additional studies are needed to confirm the safety of the new CHBOC product in the realm of acellular blood transfusion.
{"title":"Potential of camel-derived hemoglobin oxygen carriers as a blood substitute","authors":"Mohamed Mostafa Shokry","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.C1.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.C1.061","url":null,"abstract":"Camel-derived haemoglobin O2 carriers (CHBOC) are being developed as a blood substitutes for allogeneic RBCs or to improve tissue oxygenation. The tolerability of the developed product was evaluated in 10 moderately exsanguinated (40%) experimental mongrel dogs that were randomized to receive either 40 g/l CHBOC dissolved in lactated Ringer’s solution at a rate of 5 ml/kg (Test group-14 trials) or 6 g/l HES 200 solution - 6% hydroxyethyl starch (Fresenius Kabi-Germany) dissolved in saline at a rate of - 5ml/kg- (Control group-6 trials). Overall, the clinical, haematological and biochemical responses were normal. The CHBOC was well tolerated and a promising product. However additional studies are needed to confirm the safety of the new CHBOC product in the realm of acellular blood transfusion.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84309415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-27DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000246
Nida Tk, J. Namra
Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science which encompasses fabrication of nanoparticles that possess distinct morphological properties with enhanced functionality. Nanobiotechnology plays a fundamental role in the development of a bio-based green approach for their synthesis. This method is not only ecofriendly but provides a clean and nontoxic way for the fabrication and assembly of different nanoparticles. Microorganisms such as fungal strain of Aspergillus niger could be employed to produce silver nanoparticles. By utilizing fungal biomass and its LCF (Live cell filtrate), colloidal AgNPs were synthesized through reduction of silver metal ions by nitrate reductase enzyme present in the fungal filtrate. Color change from yellow to brownish black of the experimental flask incubated with silver nitrate solution at 25°C for 48 h indicates silver nanoparticle formation. UV vis spectrometry results showed that the maximum absorbance was obtained at 420 nm and 400 nm.
{"title":"Mycosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticle from Aspergillus niger","authors":"Nida Tk, J. Namra","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000246","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science which encompasses fabrication of nanoparticles that possess distinct morphological properties with enhanced functionality. Nanobiotechnology plays a fundamental role in the development of a bio-based green approach for their synthesis. This method is not only ecofriendly but provides a clean and nontoxic way for the fabrication and assembly of different nanoparticles. Microorganisms such as fungal strain of Aspergillus niger could be employed to produce silver nanoparticles. By utilizing fungal biomass and its LCF (Live cell filtrate), colloidal AgNPs were synthesized through reduction of silver metal ions by nitrate reductase enzyme present in the fungal filtrate. Color change from yellow to brownish black of the experimental flask incubated with silver nitrate solution at 25°C for 48 h indicates silver nanoparticle formation. UV vis spectrometry results showed that the maximum absorbance was obtained at 420 nm and 400 nm.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85984685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-26DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000245
Mohammed Br, Malang Sk, S. Mailafia, Agbede Ris
Biotechnology is an already established technique in several areas of medicine, but its application in the field of veterinary medicine has only started to emerge with the potential to revolutionize veterinary practice. This paper therefore reviews the potential applications of biotechnology in veterinary medicine towards diagnosis and treatment in Africa which includes; molecular gene cloning, production of recombinant biotechnology derived vaccines, application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Bioinformatics to diagnosis of infectious and parasitic diseases , gene therapy, disease diagnosis, treatment delivery systems and many more. These components occur in other parts of the world and are therefore presumed to be consolidated into the African delivery framework as a private enterprise in a foreseeable future. Whilst it is sensible to postulate that biotechnology application and its peculiar evolution will imminently transform veterinary medicine, there is immense treat, amidst stakeholders in the industry, about food health and safety and other civil and ethical concerns which can hinder this novel scientific breakthrough. The ethical concerns which include; theory of the Three Rs (Reduction of animal population, Refinement of enactments and farm managements to curtail affliction and despair, Replacement of animals with non-animal surrogate wherever necessary. Limitations regarding the application to veterinary practices are extensively discussed. This review has implication on the future of revolutionalisation of veterinary practice and increase in animal protein source for human consumption
{"title":"Application of Biotechnology towards Diagnosis and Treatment in Veterinary Medicine in Africa: Potentials and Future Developments","authors":"Mohammed Br, Malang Sk, S. Mailafia, Agbede Ris","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000245","url":null,"abstract":"Biotechnology is an already established technique in several areas of medicine, but its application in the field of veterinary medicine has only started to emerge with the potential to revolutionize veterinary practice. This paper \u0000therefore reviews the potential applications of biotechnology in veterinary medicine towards diagnosis and treatment in Africa which includes; molecular gene cloning, production of recombinant biotechnology derived vaccines, application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and Bioinformatics to diagnosis of infectious and parasitic diseases , gene therapy, disease diagnosis, treatment delivery systems and many more. These components occur in other parts of the world and are therefore presumed to be consolidated into the African delivery framework as a private enterprise in a foreseeable future. Whilst it is sensible to postulate that biotechnology application and its peculiar evolution will imminently transform veterinary medicine, there is immense treat, amidst stakeholders in the industry, about food health and safety and other civil and ethical concerns which can hinder this novel scientific breakthrough. The ethical concerns which include; theory of the Three Rs (Reduction of animal population, Refinement of enactments and farm managements to curtail affliction and despair, Replacement of animals with non-animal surrogate wherever necessary. Limitations regarding the application to veterinary practices are extensively discussed. This review has implication on the future of revolutionalisation of veterinary practice and increase in animal protein source for human consumption","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"59 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72997028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-16DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000242
A. Mishra
Zika virus (ZiV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus (family Flaviviridae); Vector: aedes (ae. Aegypti, ae. Albopictus) also causes dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever. Bit by female mosquitoes mostly in daylight hour, associated with a neurological birth complication called Microcephaly, is the rapid spread of this virus across the globe. Researchers found that ZiV targets specialized stem cells that give rise to the neurons in the brain's outer layer, the cortex. First identify in rhesus monkey of Zika forest Uganda in April 1947, during the research on the yellow fever, Rockefeller foundation initiative. WHO declared the Zika outbreak to a 'Public health emergency of international concern' on January 2016. There are also high occurrences of outbreaks of Guillain- Barre Syndrome (GBS) associated with ZiV infections. Other neurological cases linked to ZiV infection include meningoencephalitis or acute myelitis. In 2007, first large outbreak of disease caused by Zika infection was reported from the island of YAP (Federated States of Micronesia). In July 2015, Brazil described an association between Zika and Guillain-Barre disorder. In Oct 2015, Brazil described an association between Zika and Microcephaly. Sexual transmission of Zika is also possible, blood transfusion can cause Zika.
{"title":"The Emergence of Zika Virus (ZiV): A Review","authors":"A. Mishra","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000242","url":null,"abstract":"Zika virus (ZiV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus (family Flaviviridae); Vector: aedes (ae. Aegypti, ae. Albopictus) also causes dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever. Bit by female mosquitoes mostly in daylight hour, associated with a neurological birth complication called Microcephaly, is the rapid spread of this virus across the globe. Researchers found that ZiV targets specialized stem cells that give rise to the neurons in the brain's outer layer, the cortex. First identify in rhesus monkey of Zika forest Uganda in April 1947, during the research on the yellow fever, Rockefeller foundation initiative. WHO declared the Zika outbreak to a 'Public health emergency of international concern' on January 2016. There are also high occurrences of outbreaks of Guillain- Barre Syndrome (GBS) associated with ZiV infections. Other neurological cases linked to ZiV infection include meningoencephalitis or acute myelitis. In 2007, first large outbreak of disease caused by Zika infection was reported from the island of YAP (Federated States of Micronesia). In July 2015, Brazil described an association between Zika and Guillain-Barre disorder. In Oct 2015, Brazil described an association between Zika and Microcephaly. Sexual transmission of Zika is also possible, blood transfusion can cause Zika.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"179 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80102035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-09DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000243
A. Mishra
The cactus pear fruit derived from Cactaceae family plant, morphologically distinct plant families. Cactus fruit is abundantly found in Mexico and the United States, but is also grown in Africa, Madagascar, Australia, Sri Lanka and India. It contains protein, fat, fibre etc. similar to other common fruits. The whole content of free amino acids is more than compared to different fruits, contains high level of serine, g-amino butyric acid, glutamine, proline, arginine and histidine and also contains methionine. It is also rich in calcium and phosphorus. Pigments are found mainly within the fruit, betalains and carotenoids are present within the peel and pulp of various ecotypes which have shown antioxidant capacity, also anti-allergenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and cardio-protective activity.
{"title":"Preparation of Nutri Beverage Mix Using Opuntia dillenii (Cactus Fruit)","authors":"A. Mishra","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000243","url":null,"abstract":"The cactus pear fruit derived from Cactaceae family plant, morphologically distinct plant families. Cactus fruit is abundantly found in Mexico and the United States, but is also grown in Africa, Madagascar, Australia, Sri Lanka and India. It contains protein, fat, fibre etc. similar to other common fruits. The whole content of free amino acids is more than compared to different fruits, contains high level of serine, g-amino butyric acid, glutamine, proline, arginine and histidine and also contains methionine. It is also rich in calcium and phosphorus. Pigments are found mainly within the fruit, betalains and carotenoids are present within the peel and pulp of various ecotypes which have shown antioxidant capacity, also anti-allergenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and cardio-protective activity.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88307946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-02DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000244
S. Kar
Inorganic compounds which include metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds are used as catalysts, pigments, coatings, surfactants, medicines, fuels and more. They often have high melting points and specific high or low electrical conductivity properties, which make them useful for specific purposes. The scope of the review focusses on the application of a few inorganic materials with special emphasis on their biological and biomaterials perspectives.
{"title":"An Overview of Recent Advances in Application of Some Inorganic Materials-Biological and Technological Perspectives","authors":"S. Kar","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000244","url":null,"abstract":"Inorganic compounds which include metals, minerals, and organometallic compounds are used as catalysts, pigments, coatings, surfactants, medicines, fuels and more. They often have high melting points and specific high or low electrical conductivity properties, which make them useful for specific purposes. The scope of the review focusses on the application of a few inorganic materials with special emphasis on their biological and biomaterials perspectives.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84628949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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