Pub Date : 2017-12-14DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X-C1-081
Baolin Zhang
{"title":"Glycosylation of therapeutic proteins: Functions and analytical innovation","authors":"Baolin Zhang","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X-C1-081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X-C1-081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88360348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-21DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000277
O. A. Sogbesan, M. Sanda, J. Ja’afar, Hameed Adebowale Adedeji
The Tilapiine complexes are made up of diverse species, hence the need for proper identification. Samples of tilapia species belonging to the family of Cichlidae obtained from Upper Benue River and Lake Geriyo landing sites were used for this study. Fish species were morphologically identified in situ by visual inspection with the aid of field guide for taxonomic studies. DNA was extracted from fresh fish tissue and the barcode gene region cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (co1) was amplified using the FishF1 and FishR1 primer pair. Amplified products were visualized on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, purified and sequenced using Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems 3130 XL). Four species (Oreochromis niloticus, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Sarotherodon galilaeus boulengeri and Coptodon zillii) belonging to three genera (Oreochromis, Sarotherodon and Coptodon) were identified in the study area. From our sampling survey, Oreochromis niloticus was the most dominant species in both areas, followed by Coptodon zillii. Sarotherodon spp. was not present in Upper Benue River but present in Lake Geriyo (an ox-bow lake of Upper Benue River). A new sub-species of Sarotherodon galilaeus known as Sarotherodon galilaeus boulengeri was identified in this study from the sequencing result. This species has never been reported in any literature to be present in Nigeria, which further confirmed the efficacy of DNA barcoding in the identification of cryptic species. The phylogenetic relationship and genetic distance between generic groups obtained in this study was in concordance with the hypothesis of Trewavas that the mouth brooders Orechromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus are more closely related to each other than the substrate brooders (Tilapia zillii).
{"title":"DNA Barcoding of Tilapia Species (Pisces: Cichlidae) from North-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"O. A. Sogbesan, M. Sanda, J. Ja’afar, Hameed Adebowale Adedeji","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000277","url":null,"abstract":"The Tilapiine complexes are made up of diverse species, hence the need for proper identification. Samples of tilapia species belonging to the family of Cichlidae obtained from Upper Benue River and Lake Geriyo landing sites were used for this study. Fish species were morphologically identified in situ by visual inspection with the aid of field guide for taxonomic studies. DNA was extracted from fresh fish tissue and the barcode gene region cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (co1) was amplified using the FishF1 and FishR1 primer pair. Amplified products were visualized on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, purified and sequenced using Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems 3130 XL). Four species (Oreochromis niloticus, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Sarotherodon galilaeus boulengeri and Coptodon zillii) belonging to three genera (Oreochromis, Sarotherodon and Coptodon) were identified in the study area. From our sampling survey, Oreochromis niloticus was the most dominant species in both areas, followed by Coptodon zillii. Sarotherodon spp. was not present in Upper Benue River but present in Lake Geriyo (an ox-bow lake of Upper Benue River). A new sub-species of Sarotherodon galilaeus known as Sarotherodon galilaeus boulengeri was identified in this study from the sequencing result. This species has never been reported in any literature to be present in Nigeria, which further confirmed the efficacy of DNA barcoding in the identification of cryptic species. The phylogenetic relationship and genetic distance between generic groups obtained in this study was in concordance with the hypothesis of Trewavas that the mouth brooders Orechromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus are more closely related to each other than the substrate brooders (Tilapia zillii).","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82170233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-06DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000276
Durgavati Yadav, K. Sandeep, Deepak Pandey, Ranu K. Dutta
Liposomes are a novel drug delivery system (NDDS), they are vesicular structures consisting of bilalyers which form spontaneously when phospholipids are dispersed in water. They are microscopic vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membrane composed of lipid bilayers. NDDS aims to deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body during the period of treatment and direct the place of action. Liposomes are colloidal spheres of cholesterol non-toxic surfactants, sphingolipids, glycolipids, long chain fatty acids and even membrane proteins and drug molecules or it is also called vesicular system. It differs in size, composition and charge and drug carrier loaded with variety of molecules such as small drug molecules, proteins, nucleotides or plasmids etc. Few drugs are formulated as liposomes to improve their therapeutic index. Hence a number of vesicular drug delivery systems such as liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes and pharmacosomes are developed. The focus of this chapter is to the various method of preparation, characterization of liposomes, advantages and applications, etc.
{"title":"Liposomes for Drug Delivery","authors":"Durgavati Yadav, K. Sandeep, Deepak Pandey, Ranu K. Dutta","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000276","url":null,"abstract":"Liposomes are a novel drug delivery system (NDDS), they are vesicular structures consisting of bilalyers which form spontaneously when phospholipids are dispersed in water. They are microscopic vesicles in which an aqueous volume is entirely enclosed by a membrane composed of lipid bilayers. NDDS aims to deliver the drug at a rate directed by the needs of the body during the period of treatment and direct the place of action. Liposomes are colloidal spheres of cholesterol non-toxic surfactants, sphingolipids, glycolipids, long chain fatty acids and even membrane proteins and drug molecules or it is also called vesicular system. It differs in size, composition and charge and drug carrier loaded with variety of molecules such as small drug molecules, proteins, nucleotides or plasmids etc. Few drugs are formulated as liposomes to improve their therapeutic index. Hence a number of vesicular drug delivery systems such as liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes and pharmacosomes are developed. The focus of this chapter is to the various method of preparation, characterization of liposomes, advantages and applications, etc.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89700613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-30DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000270
Julian T. Dafoe, Fang Huang, T. C. Yang
The annual plant Taraxacum kok-saghyz, commonly called Russian dandelion, has recently gained commercial attention as an alternative source to the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, for natural rubber latex. While producing rubber of equivalent quality, the potential application of TKS latex for hypoallergenic products remains to be determined. In order to quantify the allergenicity of TKS latex proteins, we compared the extent of anti-Hevea latex polyclonal and monoclonal antibody cross-reactivity toward Hevea latex proteins to that of TKS latex proteins by quantitative ELISA methods and semi-quantitative image densitometry. ELISA measurement of polyclonal antibody recognition toward TKS latex proteins was on the order of one-tenth relative to equal amounts of Hevea latex protein, while recognition by the monoclonal antibody was below 2%. Immunoblots confirmed significantly reduced polyclonal antibody recognition toward TKS latex proteins, in the same range as the cross-reactivity exhibited toward the rubber-producing plant, Lactuca sativa and Glycine max, a non-rubber-producing plant. Despite the presence of cross-reactivity, these quantitative results support TKS as an alternative source of latex that may require lessintensive processing for the reduction of antigenic proteins in the manufacture of hypoallergenic natural rubber latex products.
一年生植物Taraxacum koko -saghyz，通常被称为俄罗斯蒲公英，最近作为橡胶树巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)的天然胶乳的替代来源而引起了商业关注。在生产同等质量的橡胶的同时，TKS乳胶在低过敏性产品中的潜在应用仍有待确定。为了量化TKS胶乳蛋白的致敏性，我们采用定量ELISA法和半定量图像密度法比较了抗Hevea胶乳蛋白的多克隆抗体和单克隆抗体与TKS胶乳蛋白的交叉反应程度。ELISA测定的多克隆抗体对TKS乳胶蛋白的识别率为等量Hevea乳胶蛋白的十分之一左右，而单克隆抗体的识别率低于2%。免疫印迹证实，多克隆抗体对TKS乳胶蛋白的识别显著降低，其交叉反应性与产胶植物乳胶树(Lactuca sativa)和非产胶植物甘氨酸(Glycine max)的交叉反应性相同。尽管存在交叉反应性，但这些定量结果支持TKS作为乳胶的替代来源，在生产低过敏性天然橡胶乳胶产品时，可能需要较少的密集加工来减少抗原蛋白。
{"title":"Quantitative Analysis of AntiHevea brasiliensis Antibody Cross-Reactivity against Taraxacum kok-saghyz Latex Proteins Demonstrates Significantly Reduced Antibody Recognition","authors":"Julian T. Dafoe, Fang Huang, T. C. Yang","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000270","url":null,"abstract":"The annual plant Taraxacum kok-saghyz, commonly called Russian dandelion, has recently gained commercial attention as an alternative source to the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, for natural rubber latex. While producing rubber of equivalent quality, the potential application of TKS latex for hypoallergenic products remains to be determined. In order to quantify the allergenicity of TKS latex proteins, we compared the extent of anti-Hevea latex polyclonal and monoclonal antibody cross-reactivity toward Hevea latex proteins to that of TKS latex proteins by quantitative ELISA methods and semi-quantitative image densitometry. ELISA measurement of polyclonal antibody recognition toward TKS latex proteins was on the order of one-tenth relative to equal amounts of Hevea latex protein, while recognition by the monoclonal antibody was below 2%. Immunoblots confirmed significantly reduced polyclonal antibody recognition toward TKS latex proteins, in the same range as the cross-reactivity exhibited toward the rubber-producing plant, Lactuca sativa and Glycine max, a non-rubber-producing plant. Despite the presence of cross-reactivity, these quantitative results support TKS as an alternative source of latex that may require lessintensive processing for the reduction of antigenic proteins in the manufacture of hypoallergenic natural rubber latex products.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"278 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80099226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-25DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000273
W. Melo, L. Scorzoni, S. A. Rossi, C. B. Costa-Orlandi, Mônica Yonashiro, M. J. Mendes-Giannini, Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida
Fungal diseases have emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients. Pathogenic fungi have evolved an array of virulence factors to survive within the host and to outwit immune defenses. Fungi may cause a wide range of diseases in humans that range in extent from superficial to disseminated infections. Generally, the site of infections classifies the type of fungal disease, which can be divided into superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous and systemic. In addition, the fungal virulence factors determine whether the infection will become established in the host. A primary pathogen may infect an immunologically normal host, whereas, an opportunistic pathogen requires some compromise of the host immune defenses in order for the infection to become established. This article covers the main fungi that are responsible for the increase of the fungal infections.
{"title":"Update on Fungal Disease: From Establish Infection to Clinical Manifestation","authors":"W. Melo, L. Scorzoni, S. A. Rossi, C. B. Costa-Orlandi, Mônica Yonashiro, M. J. Mendes-Giannini, Ana Marisa Fusco Almeida","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000273","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal diseases have emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients. Pathogenic fungi have evolved an array of virulence factors to survive within the host and to outwit immune defenses. Fungi may cause a wide range of diseases in humans that range in extent from superficial to disseminated infections. Generally, the site of infections classifies the type of fungal disease, which can be divided into superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous and systemic. In addition, the fungal virulence factors determine whether the infection will become established in the host. A primary pathogen may infect an immunologically normal host, whereas, an opportunistic pathogen requires some compromise of the host immune defenses in order for the infection to become established. This article covers the main fungi that are responsible for the increase of the fungal infections.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"82 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79959011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-20DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X-C1-075
D. Spitzer
{"title":"Spray flash evaporation for the continuous production of high performance nano-drugs: New challenges for a new disruptive process","authors":"D. Spitzer","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X-C1-075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X-C1-075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90451616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-19DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000275
Kalaiselvi, R. Mathammal, P. Anitha
Owing to excellent bio compatibility and bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite (HAP), it plays a vital role in the field of medicine such as orthopaedic and dental applications. In the present work sol- gel method of synthesizing nano Hydroxyapatite using Calcium hydroxide as calcium source and Orthophosphoric acid as Phosphorus source and maintain the Ca:P ratio as 1:67. The synthesized samples are calcined under different temperature ranging from 400 to 700°C. The crystalline size of the synthesised samples are calculated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Morphology of the surface by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and (TEM), existence of functional groups were revealed by Fourier transformation IR spectroscopy (FTIR). Thus the studies suggest that the Hydroxyapatite calcined at high temperatures is the best biomaterial for dental applications. Then it was substituted with silver and further studied with XRD, SEM, EDAX, FTIR, TEM, antimicrobial activity.
{"title":"Sol-Gel Mediated Synthesis of Pure Hydroxyapatite at Different Temperatures and Silver Substituted Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Kalaiselvi, R. Mathammal, P. Anitha","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000275","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to excellent bio compatibility and bioactivity of Hydroxyapatite (HAP), it plays a vital role in the field of medicine such as orthopaedic and dental applications. In the present work sol- gel method of synthesizing nano Hydroxyapatite using Calcium hydroxide as calcium source and Orthophosphoric acid as Phosphorus source and maintain the Ca:P ratio as 1:67. The synthesized samples are calcined under different temperature ranging from 400 to 700°C. The crystalline size of the synthesised samples are calculated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Morphology of the surface by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and (TEM), existence of functional groups were revealed by Fourier transformation IR spectroscopy (FTIR). Thus the studies suggest that the Hydroxyapatite calcined at high temperatures is the best biomaterial for dental applications. Then it was substituted with silver and further studied with XRD, SEM, EDAX, FTIR, TEM, antimicrobial activity.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"92 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86974612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-28DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000272
Balasundari Ramesh, Jaikanth Chandrasekaran, S. Jeevankumar, G. Jacob, K. Cherian
Fabrication of 3D novel scaffolds is very challenging and critical to achieve the appropriate function for tissue regeneration. This study aims to develop a hybrid biological nano-scaffold using Liquid nitrogen (LN2) decellularised human amniotic membrane (hAM), human umbilical cord derived collagen nano-fibres and green silver nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis of curcumin. A novel attempt was made to develop in vitro bioengineered dermal layer by seeding the scaffold with cord blood derived Mesenchymal stem cells (CBMSCs) and trans-differentiating them to keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast like cells using keloid foreskin conditioned media. Furthermore, the small animal experiments in Albino Wistar rats prove it to be a safe healing product without scar formation. This novel scaffold can be a promising dressing material for none healing ulcers and burns. This scaffold has long shelf life, easy to apply, have sustained/controlled release of silver, the minimum frequency of dressing changes, manage excessive exudates, moisture retainment, reduce inflammation and facilitate autolytic debridement.
{"title":"Hybrid Amniotic Membrane Dressing with Green Silver Nanoparticles as Bioengineered Skin for Wounds and Burns: A Pilot Studies","authors":"Balasundari Ramesh, Jaikanth Chandrasekaran, S. Jeevankumar, G. Jacob, K. Cherian","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000272","url":null,"abstract":"Fabrication of 3D novel scaffolds is very challenging and critical to achieve the appropriate function for tissue regeneration. This study aims to develop a hybrid biological nano-scaffold using Liquid nitrogen (LN2) decellularised human amniotic membrane (hAM), human umbilical cord derived collagen nano-fibres and green silver nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis of curcumin. A novel attempt was made to develop in vitro bioengineered dermal layer by seeding the scaffold with cord blood derived Mesenchymal stem cells (CBMSCs) and trans-differentiating them to keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast like cells using keloid foreskin conditioned media. Furthermore, the small animal experiments in Albino Wistar rats prove it to be a safe healing product without scar formation. This novel scaffold can be a promising dressing material for none healing ulcers and burns. This scaffold has long shelf life, easy to apply, have sustained/controlled release of silver, the minimum frequency of dressing changes, manage excessive exudates, moisture retainment, reduce inflammation and facilitate autolytic debridement.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88103898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-17DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000271
A. Datta, C. Patra, H. Bharadwaj, Sukhjeet Kaur, N. Dimri, Robinka Khajuria
Parthenium hysterophorus an annual herbaceous weed, is known for its vigorous growth and as a causative agent for contact dermatitis, hay fever and diarrhea in humans and systemic toxicity in livestock. However, in spite of all the problems associated with this weed, it has been reported to have pharmacological activities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of Parthenium hysterophorus leaf extracts for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their antimicrobial properties. Nanoparticles were extracted with the help of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic solutions of P. hysterophorus leaves. Since a higher yield of nanoparticles was observed when synthesised using aqueous extract therefore these were used in further experiments. Synthesised nanoparticles were characterised using UV-Vis spectroscopy with maximum absorbance peak at 400 nm. SEM and TEM analysis revealed that the particles were spherical and cylindrical in shape with average particle size ranging from 16-45 nm. The chemical group association and elemental composition of nanoparticles was analysed using FTIR and SEM-EDX. Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Zinc nanoparticles exhibited maximum zone of inhibition against Enterobacter aerogenes (36 mm) while least activity was seen against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Parthenium hysterophorus Leaf Extract and Evaluation of their Antibacterial Properties","authors":"A. Datta, C. Patra, H. Bharadwaj, Sukhjeet Kaur, N. Dimri, Robinka Khajuria","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000271","url":null,"abstract":"Parthenium hysterophorus an annual herbaceous weed, is known for its vigorous growth and as a causative agent for contact dermatitis, hay fever and diarrhea in humans and systemic toxicity in livestock. However, in spite of all the problems associated with this weed, it has been reported to have pharmacological activities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of Parthenium hysterophorus leaf extracts for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their antimicrobial properties. Nanoparticles were extracted with the help of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic solutions of P. hysterophorus leaves. Since a higher yield of nanoparticles was observed when synthesised using aqueous extract therefore these were used in further experiments. Synthesised nanoparticles were characterised using UV-Vis spectroscopy with maximum absorbance peak at 400 nm. SEM and TEM analysis revealed that the particles were spherical and cylindrical in shape with average particle size ranging from 16-45 nm. The chemical group association and elemental composition of nanoparticles was analysed using FTIR and SEM-EDX. Green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Zinc nanoparticles exhibited maximum zone of inhibition against Enterobacter aerogenes (36 mm) while least activity was seen against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85775666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-05DOI: 10.4172/2155-952X.1000267
V. Ahmad, M. Hanif, K. Chopra, Z. Sidiq, K. Dwivedi, Divy Shrivastsava
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been identified as a remerging infectious disease with public health importance globally. Exploitation of better diagnosis techniques for precise isolation of mycobacteria in clinical specimens is of great importance to improve the diagnosis as part of the global TB control efforts. Contamination of broth cultures of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by bacterial species other than Mycobacterium species frequently occurs. Many of these contaminated cultures require re-decontamination and re-incubation before the appropriate tests can be performed for identification. This study aimed at the isolation/recovery of M. tuberculosis from contaminated MGIT tubes by making minor modification to the standard protocol and access whether the modification has any impact on recovery rate. Among all confirmed 451 mixed growth positive cultures, 89.57% were culture positive (positive for MTBC), 3.80% were culture negative, 4.65% were culture contaminated and 1.99% were found NTM.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Mixed Growth from Positive MGIT 960 Cultures by Re-Decontamination","authors":"V. Ahmad, M. Hanif, K. Chopra, Z. Sidiq, K. Dwivedi, Divy Shrivastsava","doi":"10.4172/2155-952X.1000267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-952X.1000267","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been identified as a remerging infectious disease with public health importance globally. Exploitation of better diagnosis techniques for precise isolation of mycobacteria in clinical specimens is of great importance to improve the diagnosis as part of the global TB control efforts. Contamination of broth cultures of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) by bacterial species other than Mycobacterium species frequently occurs. Many of these contaminated cultures require re-decontamination and re-incubation before the appropriate tests can be performed for identification. This study aimed at the isolation/recovery of M. tuberculosis from contaminated MGIT tubes by making minor modification to the standard protocol and access whether the modification has any impact on recovery rate. Among all confirmed 451 mixed growth positive cultures, 89.57% were culture positive (positive for MTBC), 3.80% were culture negative, 4.65% were culture contaminated and 1.99% were found NTM.","PeriodicalId":15156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology & biomaterials","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86644028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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