R. Beautlin Nisha, C. I. Anish, N. Danielsam, S. Sanjith, S. Gobalakrishnan, M. Jaya Rajan, M. Helal, Amal A. Alharthi, R. Sami, R. Zewail, Hilary Uguru, N. Aljuraide, Murthy Chavali
The utilization of agricultural waste biomass presents an exciting substitute, established on its possibility to be switched into initiated carbon. In this research, initiated (activated) carbon (AC) was formulated from rubber seed shell biomass, infused with ammonium chloride at a temperature of 500 °C for 2 h. The activated carbon was characterized by its functional groups, thermal stability, surface morphology, and elemental identification by using FTIR, TGA/DTA, and SEM/EDAX. Additionally, the AC remediation strength was assessed with dye (Congo Red) under various parameters like dosage and pH; and the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm prototypes were used to evaluate the utmost uptake (qmax) of Congo Red by the adsorptive material. The maximum dye adsorption capacity was achieved at 24.35 g/L and fits well in the Langmuir isotherm model. Therefore, the findings of this research reveal the possibility of utilizing rubber seed shell biomass as economical and competent raw ingredients to manufacture initiated carbon for wastewater treatment, to improve (increase) the water potability level.
{"title":"Characterization and Dye Removal Application Using Initiated Carbon Originated from Rubber Seed Shell Biomass","authors":"R. Beautlin Nisha, C. I. Anish, N. Danielsam, S. Sanjith, S. Gobalakrishnan, M. Jaya Rajan, M. Helal, Amal A. Alharthi, R. Sami, R. Zewail, Hilary Uguru, N. Aljuraide, Murthy Chavali","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2268","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of agricultural waste biomass presents an exciting substitute, established on its possibility to be switched into initiated carbon. In this research, initiated (activated) carbon (AC) was formulated from rubber seed shell biomass, infused with ammonium chloride at a\u0000 temperature of 500 °C for 2 h. The activated carbon was characterized by its functional groups, thermal stability, surface morphology, and elemental identification by using FTIR, TGA/DTA, and SEM/EDAX. Additionally, the AC remediation strength was assessed with dye (Congo Red) under various\u0000 parameters like dosage and pH; and the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm prototypes were used to evaluate the utmost uptake (qmax) of Congo Red by the adsorptive material. The maximum dye adsorption capacity was achieved at 24.35 g/L and fits well in the Langmuir\u0000 isotherm model. Therefore, the findings of this research reveal the possibility of utilizing rubber seed shell biomass as economical and competent raw ingredients to manufacture initiated carbon for wastewater treatment, to improve (increase) the water potability level.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42179491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to be able to better process the relevant experimental data in the organic chemistry study of Flavonoid of Fangzhu leaf, the article applies cloud computing to it, and improves the load factor by applying IWRR load balancing algorithm, selecting CPU processing power, network bandwidth and memory capacity as load factors. The extraction and antioxidant activity of each other’s bamboo leaf flavonoids were studied by ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction, the best extraction process parameters were found by response surface optimization experiments, and the effects were compared by four extraction methods. The results showed that compared with other extraction methods, the extraction rate of ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction was the largest, with an average extraction rate of 4.07%, and the antioxidant capacity of the obtained flavonoids was the strongest. 1:25 g/mL material-to-liquid ratio, 80% ethanol concentration, 80 W ultrasonic power, 100 min ultrasonic time and 55.0 °C ultrasonic temperature were the best flavonoid extraction process parameters. And compared with the WRR algorithm and WLC algorithm, the IWRR algorithm has significantly shorter response time, higher throughput and more actual concurrency, i.e., the IWRR algorithm can significantly improve the system loading efficiency. The method used in the article is helpful for the extraction of flavonoids from square bamboo leaves and the processing of related experimental data.
{"title":"Mechanistic Analysis of the Organic Chemistry of Flavonoids in Square Bamboo Leaves Based on Cloud Computing Data Processing","authors":"Jing Luo","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2269","url":null,"abstract":"In order to be able to better process the relevant experimental data in the organic chemistry study of Flavonoid of Fangzhu leaf, the article applies cloud computing to it, and improves the load factor by applying IWRR load balancing algorithm, selecting CPU processing power, network\u0000 bandwidth and memory capacity as load factors. The extraction and antioxidant activity of each other’s bamboo leaf flavonoids were studied by ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction, the best extraction process parameters were found by response surface optimization experiments, and the\u0000 effects were compared by four extraction methods. The results showed that compared with other extraction methods, the extraction rate of ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction was the largest, with an average extraction rate of 4.07%, and the antioxidant capacity of the obtained flavonoids\u0000 was the strongest. 1:25 g/mL material-to-liquid ratio, 80% ethanol concentration, 80 W ultrasonic power, 100 min ultrasonic time and 55.0 °C ultrasonic temperature were the best flavonoid extraction process parameters. And compared with the WRR algorithm and WLC algorithm, the IWRR algorithm\u0000 has significantly shorter response time, higher throughput and more actual concurrency, i.e., the IWRR algorithm can significantly improve the system loading efficiency. The method used in the article is helpful for the extraction of flavonoids from square bamboo leaves and the processing\u0000 of related experimental data.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49489408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cylinder drying of cut tobacco is one of the key processing technologies in cigarette manufacturing. And complex mass transfer and heat transfer phenomena were involved. In this paper, a thermodynamic model have been built for cut tobacco during cylinder drying process. The relationship of different process parameters and thermodynamic data were analyzed by canonical correlation method, including amount of heat Qv produced in moisture evaporation of cut tobacco, amount of heat Qs produced in temperature increase of cut tobacco, total amount of heat Q and thermal efficiency coefficient η. The results showed that the thermodynamic model explained the actual cut tobacco heating and heat distribution well in the cylinder drying process. The variation coefficients of the four thermodynamic parameters of cut tobacco under the same processing conditions were all less than 5.0%. It is proved that the thermodynamic model established during cylinder drying process of cut tobacco is feasible.
{"title":"Analysis of Cylinder Drying Intensity of Cut Tobacco Based on Enthalpy Method","authors":"Ze Liu, Yijie Yang, Wei Zhang, Na Liu, Changgui Qiu, Banghua He, Siyuan Li, Wen Zuo, Liang Fu, Qianxu Yang, Yubao Chen","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2264","url":null,"abstract":"Cylinder drying of cut tobacco is one of the key processing technologies in cigarette manufacturing. And complex mass transfer and heat transfer phenomena were involved. In this paper, a thermodynamic model have been built for cut tobacco during cylinder drying process. The relationship\u0000 of different process parameters and thermodynamic data were analyzed by canonical correlation method, including amount of heat Qv produced in moisture evaporation of cut tobacco, amount of heat Qs produced in temperature increase of cut tobacco, total amount\u0000 of heat Q and thermal efficiency coefficient η. The results showed that the thermodynamic model explained the actual cut tobacco heating and heat distribution well in the cylinder drying process. The variation coefficients of the four thermodynamic parameters of cut tobacco under\u0000 the same processing conditions were all less than 5.0%. It is proved that the thermodynamic model established during cylinder drying process of cut tobacco is feasible.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46879278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongzhong Hong, Z. Fan, Sheng-guang Xu, Chunmei Pan, Xiaohua Zhang, Li Lin, Jinwen Zhang
In agricultural applications, biochar showed potentials to improve soil properties. At present, effects of chemical fertilizer reduction with biochar application on the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil need to be further investigated. In this study, konjac (Amorphophallus konjac K. Koch) was taken as the research subject, and analyzing the microbial α-diversity, amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) community composition in rhizosphere were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology, and tuber yield was calculated. Four treatments of chemical fertilizer with biochar application were set, T1: common fertilizer 20 g/plant, T2: common fertilizer 10 g/plant, T3: controlled-release fertilizers 10 g/plant, T4: controlled-release fertilizers 10 g/plant with biochar 100 g/plant. The results found that, the Chao1 index, number of unique ASVs, and total ASV of rhizosphere soil bacteria in T2 increased by 14.45, 13.39, and 14.36% respectively, compared to T1; while that of fungal abundance decreased by 17.82, 48.28, and 18.42%. Similarly, compared to T3, the Chao1 index, number of unique ASVs, and total ASV in bacterial of rhizosphere soil in T4 increased by 9.36, 19.88, and 9.81%, respectively, while that of fungal abundance decreased by 9.16, 20.18, and 9.62%. The yield of konjac showed no significant difference between T1 and T2 treatments. However, T4 treatment had a significantly higher yield than T3 treatment (P = 0.076), and T4 treatment was significantly higher than T1 treatment (P < 0.05). The results indicated that chemical fertilizer reduction with biochar application can improve bacterial abundance and unique and total ASVs in the rhizosphere soil of konjac, while reducing fungal abundance and unique and total ASVs. This can effectively promote the transformation of the rhizosphere soil towards a high-fertilizer “bacterial type”, leading to an increase in the yield of konjac.
{"title":"Effect of Reduced Chemical Fertilizers with Biochar Application on Microbial Community in Rhizosphere Soil of Amorphophallus konjac","authors":"Yongzhong Hong, Z. Fan, Sheng-guang Xu, Chunmei Pan, Xiaohua Zhang, Li Lin, Jinwen Zhang","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2258","url":null,"abstract":"In agricultural applications, biochar showed potentials to improve soil properties. At present, effects of chemical fertilizer reduction with biochar application on the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil need to be further investigated. In this study, konjac (Amorphophallus\u0000 konjac K. Koch) was taken as the research subject, and analyzing the microbial α-diversity, amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) community composition in rhizosphere were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology, and tuber yield was calculated. Four treatments of\u0000 chemical fertilizer with biochar application were set, T1: common fertilizer 20 g/plant, T2: common fertilizer 10 g/plant, T3: controlled-release fertilizers 10 g/plant, T4: controlled-release fertilizers 10 g/plant with biochar 100 g/plant. The results found that, the Chao1 index, number\u0000 of unique ASVs, and total ASV of rhizosphere soil bacteria in T2 increased by 14.45, 13.39, and 14.36% respectively, compared to T1; while that of fungal abundance decreased by 17.82, 48.28, and 18.42%. Similarly, compared to T3, the Chao1 index, number of unique ASVs, and total ASV in bacterial\u0000 of rhizosphere soil in T4 increased by 9.36, 19.88, and 9.81%, respectively, while that of fungal abundance decreased by 9.16, 20.18, and 9.62%. The yield of konjac showed no significant difference between T1 and T2 treatments. However, T4 treatment had a significantly higher yield than T3\u0000 treatment (P = 0.076), and T4 treatment was significantly higher than T1 treatment (P < 0.05). The results indicated that chemical fertilizer reduction with biochar application can improve bacterial abundance and unique and total ASVs in the rhizosphere soil of konjac, while\u0000 reducing fungal abundance and unique and total ASVs. This can effectively promote the transformation of the rhizosphere soil towards a high-fertilizer “bacterial type”, leading to an increase in the yield of konjac.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47223627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Qin, Shun Li, Junhui Wu, Wangyuan Qin, K. Yuan, Zengmin Tang, Jianxiong Xu
The design and preparation of novel carbon electrodes are the key to the development of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). The unique short-range ordered graphene sheet and defective amorphous domain composite structure of hard carbon (HC) provide favorable support for the storage and adsorption of potassium ions. In this paper, derived biomass carbons (DBCs) as a HC material were prepared by simple two-step carbonization of pre-carbonized at 500 °C and the graphitization transformation at a higher carbonization temperature employing the distilled grain biomass as a carbon source. The effect of carbonization temperature at the second step on the surface structure and electrochemical performance of the DBCs applied in PIBs were checked. It was found that 900 °C of carbonization temperature was favored for the formation of DBCs with a proper degree of graphitization, large lattice spacing (3.55 Å), and large specific surface area (111.9 m2/g−1). Ascribed to the microstructural advantage, the DBC-900 based PIBs displayed astonishing potassium storage capacity (160.5 mAh/g at 50 mA/g) and extremely low-capacity attenuation (0.041% per cycle at 50 mA/g after 800 cycles). This work not only provides a kind of HC materials with low-cost and easy preparation for PIBs, but also offers a way for the application of distilled grains.
{"title":"Comparative Study on the Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of Distilled Grains Derived Hard Carbon as Anode for Potassium Ion Batteries: Effect of Carbonization Temperature","authors":"J. Qin, Shun Li, Junhui Wu, Wangyuan Qin, K. Yuan, Zengmin Tang, Jianxiong Xu","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2260","url":null,"abstract":"The design and preparation of novel carbon electrodes are the key to the development of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). The unique short-range ordered graphene sheet and defective amorphous domain composite structure of hard carbon (HC) provide favorable support for the storage and\u0000 adsorption of potassium ions. In this paper, derived biomass carbons (DBCs) as a HC material were prepared by simple two-step carbonization of pre-carbonized at 500 °C and the graphitization transformation at a higher carbonization temperature employing the distilled grain biomass as a\u0000 carbon source. The effect of carbonization temperature at the second step on the surface structure and electrochemical performance of the DBCs applied in PIBs were checked. It was found that 900 °C of carbonization temperature was favored for the formation of DBCs with a proper degree\u0000 of graphitization, large lattice spacing (3.55 Å), and large specific surface area (111.9 m2/g−1). Ascribed to the microstructural advantage, the DBC-900 based PIBs displayed astonishing potassium storage capacity (160.5 mAh/g at 50 mA/g) and extremely low-capacity\u0000 attenuation (0.041% per cycle at 50 mA/g after 800 cycles). This work not only provides a kind of HC materials with low-cost and easy preparation for PIBs, but also offers a way for the application of distilled grains.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46392431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mangaraj, P. Nishad, R. Thakur, S. Deshpande, R. Sami, Amani H. Aljahani, F. Alzahrani, K. Almutairi, M. Helal
In developing nations, malnutrition is one of the main factors contributing to child mortality. To tackle this threat, the development of grain-based, protein-rich, and nutrient-dense extruded foods has been suggested. In this study, 16 experiments were generated using D-optimal mixture design and, the blending ratios of ingredients for the development of protein rich snack food were optimized. The optimum value for independent variables corresponding to highest desirability (0.775) was recorded as 25% corn, 23.79% rice and 11.21% defatted soy flour. The value of response variables in terms of nutritional quality of developed product viz. protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy content were found to be 20.52%, 1.34%, 55.13% and 337.23 kcal whereas, the sensory quality viz. texture and overall acceptability were obtained as 5.78 N and 7.53, respectively. The product packaged in PET/PET-MET/LDPE was found to be safe for consumption up to six months.
在发展中国家，营养不良是导致儿童死亡的主要因素之一。为了解决这一威胁，人们建议开发以谷物为基础、富含蛋白质和营养丰富的挤压食品。本研究采用d -最优混合设计进行了16个实验，优化了原料的混合比例，以开发富含蛋白质的休闲食品。玉米25%、大米23.79%、脱脂大豆粉11.21%的自变量最适值为0.775。所得产品营养品质(蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和能量含量)的响应变量值分别为20.52%、1.34%、55.13%和337.23 kcal，感官品质(质地)和总体可接受度分别为5.78 N和7.53 N。用PET/PET- met /LDPE包装的产品在六个月内是安全的。
{"title":"Development of Grain-Based Protein Rich Extruded Snack Foods Using D-Optimal Mixture Design","authors":"S. Mangaraj, P. Nishad, R. Thakur, S. Deshpande, R. Sami, Amani H. Aljahani, F. Alzahrani, K. Almutairi, M. Helal","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2242","url":null,"abstract":"In developing nations, malnutrition is one of the main factors contributing to child mortality. To tackle this threat, the development of grain-based, protein-rich, and nutrient-dense extruded foods has been suggested. In this study, 16 experiments were generated using D-optimal mixture\u0000 design and, the blending ratios of ingredients for the development of protein rich snack food were optimized. The optimum value for independent variables corresponding to highest desirability (0.775) was recorded as 25% corn, 23.79% rice and 11.21% defatted soy flour. The value of response\u0000 variables in terms of nutritional quality of developed product viz. protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy content were found to be 20.52%, 1.34%, 55.13% and 337.23 kcal whereas, the sensory quality viz. texture and overall acceptability were obtained as 5.78 N and 7.53, respectively. The product\u0000 packaged in PET/PET-MET/LDPE was found to be safe for consumption up to six months.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47840052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lijing Li, Yiming He, K. Zhou, Min-lun Nan, Fang Xia, Yufang He
Ilicis rotundae Cortex (IRC, also called Jiubiying) is a traditional Chinese medicine, factors such as the origin and growing environments will affect its quality and content of active ingredients. Therefore, it is necessary to realize rapid detection to better implement quality control. Raman spectroscopy has been commonly used to identify molecules and analyse biological compounds in Fingerprints. In this study, four commercial samples from different origins were collected, Raman spectra of four samples were established by confocal Raman microscopy at 785 nm, and the positions and attribution of spectral peaks were determined. The similarity of spectra were analyzed by MATLAB software, and the first and second derivative were transformed to establish the characteristic fingerprints. In the results, all the samples showed common characteristic peaks near 448, 481, 565, 868, 944 and 1088 cm−1, showing the spectral characteristics of carbohydrates and glycosidic bonds. The correlation coefficient of the characteristic peaks of the samples were between 0.9745 and 0.9951, and the consistency coefficient were between 0.9782 and 0.9944. The peak shapes of the first derivative of spectrum were significantly different among the range of 180–340, 460–540, 700–860 and 1010–1100 cm−1, and the peak shapes of the second derivative of spectrum were significantly different among the range of 180–340, 500–540 and 760–860 cm−1. In conclusion, the first and second derivative of Raman spectra for samples from four different sources were significantly different, indicating the Raman fingerprint was successfully established, which can be used as a basis for rapid identification of IRC decoction pieces which lays a foundation for the further identification of decoction pieces from different origins.
{"title":"Detection of Ilicis rotundae Cortex Decoction Pieces Using Raman Spectroscopy Fingerprints","authors":"Lijing Li, Yiming He, K. Zhou, Min-lun Nan, Fang Xia, Yufang He","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2245","url":null,"abstract":"Ilicis rotundae Cortex (IRC, also called Jiubiying) is a traditional Chinese medicine, factors such as the origin and growing environments will affect its quality and content of active ingredients. Therefore, it is necessary to realize rapid detection to better implement quality\u0000 control. Raman spectroscopy has been commonly used to identify molecules and analyse biological compounds in Fingerprints. In this study, four commercial samples from different origins were collected, Raman spectra of four samples were established by confocal Raman microscopy at 785 nm, and\u0000 the positions and attribution of spectral peaks were determined. The similarity of spectra were analyzed by MATLAB software, and the first and second derivative were transformed to establish the characteristic fingerprints. In the results, all the samples showed common characteristic peaks\u0000 near 448, 481, 565, 868, 944 and 1088 cm−1, showing the spectral characteristics of carbohydrates and glycosidic bonds. The correlation coefficient of the characteristic peaks of the samples were between 0.9745 and 0.9951, and the consistency coefficient were between 0.9782\u0000 and 0.9944. The peak shapes of the first derivative of spectrum were significantly different among the range of 180–340, 460–540, 700–860 and 1010–1100 cm−1, and the peak shapes of the second derivative of spectrum were significantly different among\u0000 the range of 180–340, 500–540 and 760–860 cm−1. In conclusion, the first and second derivative of Raman spectra for samples from four different sources were significantly different, indicating the Raman fingerprint was successfully established, which can\u0000 be used as a basis for rapid identification of IRC decoction pieces which lays a foundation for the further identification of decoction pieces from different origins.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44200515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shashikumar Dattatraya Deshpande, P. Nishad, S. Mangaraj, R. Thakur, E. Khojah, R. Sami, Amani H. Aljahani, M. Helal
The current research aimed to improve the milling quality of millets by applying hydrothermal pre-treatment. The pre-treatment parameters taken were; soaking temperature (30 to 70 °C) and soaking time (1–3 h). After drying the pre-treated millets up to 10–12% (w.b.) moisture content, the millets were milled and the milling qualities were assessed. The optimum values of soaking temperature and time were recorded as 61.29 °C and 2.92 h and, 65.36 °C and 2.98 h for Kodo millet and Little millet, respectively along with corresponding values of dehulling and milling efficiency as 92.94 and 69.7% and, 89.55 and 63.91%. Thereafter, the pre-treated millets at optimized conditions were taken for the determination of cooking characteristics and development of value-added product. The developed products were found to be nutritive and, were highly appreciated by the expert during its sensory evaluation.
{"title":"Optimization of Milling Characteristics of Kodo and Little Millet for Development of Value-Added Products","authors":"Shashikumar Dattatraya Deshpande, P. Nishad, S. Mangaraj, R. Thakur, E. Khojah, R. Sami, Amani H. Aljahani, M. Helal","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2246","url":null,"abstract":"The current research aimed to improve the milling quality of millets by applying hydrothermal pre-treatment. The pre-treatment parameters taken were; soaking temperature (30 to 70 °C) and soaking time (1–3 h). After drying the pre-treated millets up to 10–12% (w.b.)\u0000 moisture content, the millets were milled and the milling qualities were assessed. The optimum values of soaking temperature and time were recorded as 61.29 °C and 2.92 h and, 65.36 °C and 2.98 h for Kodo millet and Little millet, respectively along with corresponding\u0000 values of dehulling and milling efficiency as 92.94 and 69.7% and, 89.55 and 63.91%. Thereafter, the pre-treated millets at optimized conditions were taken for the determination of cooking characteristics and development of value-added product. The developed products were found to be nutritive\u0000 and, were highly appreciated by the expert during its sensory evaluation.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42100207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The essential oil of Saussurea costus trunk and the roots contains important amount of polyphenols; alkaloids and terpenes. The S. costus was milled into powder for lipid extraction, fatty acid profile and antiradical approach at several concentrations (1000, 800, 400, 200 μg mL−1) using DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus sciuri, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica were used as bacteria growth indicators for antibacterial activities. 18 fatty acid concentrations (by percentage) were evaluated in the fatty acid profile. The major fatty acid was (9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol,(Z, Z, Z)) which recorded (18.59%) followed by (Eremanthin) 14.70% and (Bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-2-ene-4-ol, 2-methyl-9-(prop-1-en-3-ol-2-yl)) 11.86%. (Gama-eudesmol) recorded the lowest value 0.07%, while (Furoscrobiculin B), (Iso-Velleral), and ((-)-Spathulenol) 0.08% were the minor fatty acids in S. costus. The results presented a relatively larger amount of (Hexadecanoic acid, methylester (CAS)) and (à-Ionone) from 8.26%–1.55%, respectively. S. costus at 1000 μg mL−1 concentration exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. S. costus extract reported high antioxidant activity with high amounts of essential fatty acids. S. costus as a medicinal plant proved to be highly active due to its phytochemical bioavailability. Results revealed that the highest zone of inhibition 22.10 mm was detected by 50 μl/mL for Staphylococcus aureus which was the most sensitive, while Salmonella typhi recorded the lowest zone of inhibition 9.92 mm by 10 μl/mL which as the most resistance. Additional researches are on animals are required to confirm the beneficial effects of the plant extract.
{"title":"Screening of Fatty Acids Profile and Antioxidant Activities with the Antibacterial Activities of Saussurea costus Essential Oil","authors":"Roqayah H. Kadi","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2253","url":null,"abstract":"The essential oil of Saussurea costus trunk and the roots contains important amount of polyphenols; alkaloids and terpenes. The S. costus was milled into powder for lipid extraction, fatty acid profile and antiradical approach at several concentrations (1000, 800, 400,\u0000 200 μg mL−1) using DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus sciuri, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica were used as bacteria growth indicators for antibacterial\u0000 activities. 18 fatty acid concentrations (by percentage) were evaluated in the fatty acid profile. The major fatty acid was (9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol,(Z, Z, Z)) which recorded (18.59%) followed by (Eremanthin) 14.70% and (Bicyclo[4.4.0]dec-2-ene-4-ol, 2-methyl-9-(prop-1-en-3-ol-2-yl)) 11.86%.\u0000 (Gama-eudesmol) recorded the lowest value 0.07%, while (Furoscrobiculin B), (Iso-Velleral), and ((-)-Spathulenol) 0.08% were the minor fatty acids in S. costus. The results presented a relatively larger amount of (Hexadecanoic acid, methylester (CAS)) and (à-Ionone) from 8.26%–1.55%,\u0000 respectively. S. costus at 1000 μg mL−1 concentration exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. S. costus extract reported high antioxidant activity with high amounts of essential fatty acids. S. costus as a medicinal plant proved to be highly\u0000 active due to its phytochemical bioavailability. Results revealed that the highest zone of inhibition 22.10 mm was detected by 50 μl/mL for Staphylococcus aureus which was the most sensitive, while Salmonella typhi recorded the lowest zone of inhibition 9.92 mm by 10\u0000 μl/mL which as the most resistance. Additional researches are on animals are required to confirm the beneficial effects of the plant extract.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45910281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheng-Yue Yi, Zebin Chen, Sheng-guang Xu, Z. Fan, Li-An Lin, Yuan Su, Mingxi Jiang, Yanking Ruan
The rhizosphere, directly influenced by root systems of plant, plays a significant role in plant-microbe interactions, which in turn directly affect the plants. In this work, the dynamic characteristics of rhizosphere bacterial communities during the growth period of cultivated strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa ‘Hongyan’) were investigated, and the dominant bacterial species in different growth stages were identified. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was employed to obtain operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance, bacterial community diversity, and abundance of rhizosphere bacteria at five growth stages of strawberry: growth period (A1.1), budding period (A2.2), flowering period (AB3.2), fruiting period (AB4.1) and mature fruit period (AB5.2). The composition and abundance of bacterial communities structure were analyzed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The result indicated that, in the flowering stage the bacterial community exhibited the highest diversity and richness, while the bud stage had the least. The flowering stage showed a greater specific bacteria species in the strawberry rhizosphere, followed by growth, mature and harvest stages, and the lowest in the bud stage. The main dominant phyla were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria, accounting for over 70% of the total bacterial abundance. The main dominant genera were Alcanivorax, Kaistobacter, Marinobacter and Candidatus Nitrososphaera. The bacterial abundance similarity was relatively high in the growth and harvest stages, as well as in flowering and mature stages, while it differed greatly from that of the bud stage. In conclusion, the difference in bacterial diversity between bud stage and flowering stage was the greatest, with the Chao1 index and Shannon index increased by 79.35 and 6.74%, respectively. The rhizosphere bacterial community richness and diversity were highest at the flowering stage (AB3.2), with 198 specific OTUs accounting for 7.48% of the total OTUs. At the phylum level, the bacterial abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were greatly affected by the developmental stage. These findings suggest that the bacterial diversity of strawberry rhizosphere will change with the growth stage.
{"title":"Dynamic Characteristics of Rhizosphere Bacteria Communities During Different Growth Stages of Strawberry","authors":"Sheng-Yue Yi, Zebin Chen, Sheng-guang Xu, Z. Fan, Li-An Lin, Yuan Su, Mingxi Jiang, Yanking Ruan","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2255","url":null,"abstract":"The rhizosphere, directly influenced by root systems of plant, plays a significant role in plant-microbe interactions, which in turn directly affect the plants. In this work, the dynamic characteristics of rhizosphere bacterial communities during the growth period of cultivated strawberry\u0000 (Fragaria×ananassa ‘Hongyan’) were investigated, and the dominant bacterial species in different growth stages were identified. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was employed to obtain operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundance, bacterial community diversity,\u0000 and abundance of rhizosphere bacteria at five growth stages of strawberry: growth period (A1.1), budding period (A2.2), flowering period (AB3.2), fruiting period (AB4.1) and mature fruit period (AB5.2). The composition and abundance of bacterial communities structure were analyzed using the\u0000 unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The result indicated that, in the flowering stage the bacterial community exhibited the highest diversity and richness, while the bud stage had the least. The flowering stage showed a greater specific bacteria species\u0000 in the strawberry rhizosphere, followed by growth, mature and harvest stages, and the lowest in the bud stage. The main dominant phyla were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria, accounting for over 70% of the total bacterial abundance. The main dominant genera\u0000 were Alcanivorax, Kaistobacter, Marinobacter and Candidatus Nitrososphaera. The bacterial abundance similarity was relatively high in the growth and harvest stages, as well as in flowering and mature stages, while it differed greatly from that of the bud stage. In conclusion,\u0000 the difference in bacterial diversity between bud stage and flowering stage was the greatest, with the Chao1 index and Shannon index increased by 79.35 and 6.74%, respectively. The rhizosphere bacterial community richness and diversity were highest at the flowering stage (AB3.2), with 198\u0000 specific OTUs accounting for 7.48% of the total OTUs. At the phylum level, the bacterial abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were greatly affected by the developmental stage. These findings suggest that the bacterial diversity of strawberry rhizosphere\u0000 will change with the growth stage.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48593983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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