M. Bensaad, M. Kahoul, Mokrane Khier, Debasis Mitra, Mohammed Benhoula, H. Banjer, Rasha A. Al-Eisa, Naseh A. Algehainy, M. Helal, Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin, R. Sami
Clinical pharmacology and toxicology are considered nowadays two complementary and indispensable medical disciplines that allowed clinicians to achieve the optimal therapeutic effect of a several substance, but also to characterize their toxicity threshold. The contribution of bioinformatics tools and databases in these two fields has provided key elements, sometimes impossible to explain during early clinical phases. In this context, some computational approaches were used in this work to investigate the molecular weight distribution (MWD), allergenicity, toxicity profile, possible biodegradation, persistence and bioaccumulation factor of four natural compounds. Results revealed that MWD indices of compound 2 and 3 were the best among the tested compounds. However, the route of administration of compound 1 could be considered the safest for rats, especially the oral, intravenous and subcutaneous ways, in which LD50 values were the best, comparing to the other compounds. The two allergenicity tests revealed that the four phyto-compounds could be considered non-allergen agents and may not present any drug toxicity risks. Concerning cytotoxicity, compound 4 exhibited the best cytotoxic effect among these compounds with a corresponding value of Pa = 0.782 against colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cell line. The four bio-compounds could be toxic for avian species but non-toxic for Daphnia magna, a key aquatic species. Compound 1 exhibited the lowest bioaccumulation factor value (0.17). All compounds were inactive against Tox21-Stress response pathways, but compound 2 and 3 could potentially be immunotoxic. Finally, all tested compounds may possess a non persistent profile, while only compound 1 and 4 could possibly be biodegradable. This preliminary work, revealed once again the potential of phyto-compounds and certain fundamental aspects, which could represents an initial step for further investigation.
{"title":"An Insight-Based Computational Approaches to Estimate Molecular Weight Distribution, Allergenicity and Immunological Aspects, Toxicity Profile, Possible Biodegradation, Persistence and Bioaccumulation Factor of Four Phyto-Compounds","authors":"M. Bensaad, M. Kahoul, Mokrane Khier, Debasis Mitra, Mohammed Benhoula, H. Banjer, Rasha A. Al-Eisa, Naseh A. Algehainy, M. Helal, Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin, R. Sami","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2291","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical pharmacology and toxicology are considered nowadays two complementary and indispensable medical disciplines that allowed clinicians to achieve the optimal therapeutic effect of a several substance, but also to characterize their toxicity threshold. The contribution of bioinformatics\u0000 tools and databases in these two fields has provided key elements, sometimes impossible to explain during early clinical phases. In this context, some computational approaches were used in this work to investigate the molecular weight distribution (MWD), allergenicity, toxicity profile, possible\u0000 biodegradation, persistence and bioaccumulation factor of four natural compounds. Results revealed that MWD indices of compound 2 and 3 were the best among the tested compounds. However, the route of administration of compound 1 could be considered the safest for rats, especially the oral,\u0000 intravenous and subcutaneous ways, in which LD50 values were the best, comparing to the other compounds. The two allergenicity tests revealed that the four phyto-compounds could be considered non-allergen agents and may not present any drug toxicity risks. Concerning cytotoxicity,\u0000 compound 4 exhibited the best cytotoxic effect among these compounds with a corresponding value of Pa = 0.782 against colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cell line. The four bio-compounds could be toxic for avian species but non-toxic for Daphnia magna, a key aquatic species. Compound 1 exhibited\u0000 the lowest bioaccumulation factor value (0.17). All compounds were inactive against Tox21-Stress response pathways, but compound 2 and 3 could potentially be immunotoxic. Finally, all tested compounds may possess a non persistent profile, while only compound 1 and 4 could possibly be biodegradable.\u0000 This preliminary work, revealed once again the potential of phyto-compounds and certain fundamental aspects, which could represents an initial step for further investigation.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44358679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Akram Melakhessou, Imène Becheker, Salah Eddine Marref, M. Bensaad, A. Alyamani, R. Sami, M. Helal, Abeer M. Aljaadi, Rasha A. Al-Eisa, Naseh A. Algehainy, Faisal H. Altemani
Juglans regia L., commonly known as walnut, is a valuable medicinal herb with the potency to treat various conditions and illnesses including diabetes, rheumatism, fever and skin illnesses. This study assessed the acute toxicity, anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic activities of the hydro-alcoholic extract of the walnut root bark of Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae), in vivo, using Wistar rats. The toxicological effects of the hydro-alcoholic extract of walnut bark Juglans regia L: are still elusive. In order to evaluate the toxicity profile of this plant, rats were orally treated with a single concentration of 2000 mg/kg and observed during a period of two weeks. For the anti-diabetic study, thirty male wistar rats (130–170 g) were randomized into 5 groups (n = 6/group). Groups I and II served as negative and normal controls, respectively. Diabetes was induced in test groups (II–V) using 200 mg/kg of body weight (BW) streptozotocin. Concerning the clincial outcomes, no mortality, morbidity, or abnormal hematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations were observed. Accordingly, J. regia L is considered a non-toxic plant. The extract was found to limit weight loss and reduce blood glucose levels by −32.30% after 14 days of treatment for the anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic study. The extract also reduced dyslipidaemia. Our data indicated that J. regia L contains bio-compounds that may alleviate chronic hyperglycemia while preventing cardiovascular complications by improving dyslipidaemia. This could be a potential herb for future studies to develop more effective drugs for improving glycemic and cholesterol control.
{"title":"A Property-Response Approach to Evaluate Acute Toxicity Profile and Pharmacological Quality of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Walnut Root Bark Juglans Regia Linn. in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mode","authors":"Mohamed Akram Melakhessou, Imène Becheker, Salah Eddine Marref, M. Bensaad, A. Alyamani, R. Sami, M. Helal, Abeer M. Aljaadi, Rasha A. Al-Eisa, Naseh A. Algehainy, Faisal H. Altemani","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2288","url":null,"abstract":"Juglans regia L., commonly known as walnut, is a valuable medicinal herb with the potency to treat various conditions and illnesses including diabetes, rheumatism, fever and skin illnesses. This study assessed the acute toxicity, anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic activities\u0000 of the hydro-alcoholic extract of the walnut root bark of Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae), in vivo, using Wistar rats. The toxicological effects of the hydro-alcoholic extract of walnut bark Juglans regia L: are still elusive. In order to evaluate the toxicity profile\u0000 of this plant, rats were orally treated with a single concentration of 2000 mg/kg and observed during a period of two weeks. For the anti-diabetic study, thirty male wistar rats (130–170 g) were randomized into 5 groups (n = 6/group). Groups I and II served as negative and normal\u0000 controls, respectively. Diabetes was induced in test groups (II–V) using 200 mg/kg of body weight (BW) streptozotocin. Concerning the clincial outcomes, no mortality, morbidity, or abnormal hematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations were observed. Accordingly, J.\u0000 regia L is considered a non-toxic plant. The extract was found to limit weight loss and reduce blood glucose levels by −32.30% after 14 days of treatment for the anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic study. The extract also reduced dyslipidaemia. Our data indicated that J. regia\u0000 L contains bio-compounds that may alleviate chronic hyperglycemia while preventing cardiovascular complications by improving dyslipidaemia. This could be a potential herb for future studies to develop more effective drugs for improving glycemic and cholesterol control.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47411367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liqin Shen, Boqiang Xu, Hengming Hu, Zichun Lv, L. Ben
In this paper, a covalent organic framework (COF) based on g-C3N4 was designed firstly. The COF is arranged through an indirect interrelation method among melamine and g-C3N4. During the reaction, Cu2+ was used to expand the layer space of g-C3N4. The as-prepared COF were characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. The obtained product is a melamine interrelation g-C3N4 composite material (MCN) with COF structure. The MCN was used as flame retardant for cable sheath material. The thermal stability, thermal shrinkage, oxygen record and vertical burning of link sheath material contain MCN were tested. The results showed that the MCN flame retardant increases the thermal stability time of the sheath material from 89 min to 131 min, and the thermal shrinkage rate diminished from 4.17% to 2.00%. The LOI is 29.5, and the flame retardant grade reaches UL-94 V-0. The SEM analysis of the carbon residue of the cable sheath material after burning, it was found that the state of the carbon layer of the link sheath material transform into a thick honeycomb structure by the impact of the MCN flame retardant, which forestalls the dispersion of oxygen and burnable gases, in this way hindering the transmission of flame.
{"title":"Facile Synthesis of Melamine/G-C3N4 Covalent Organic Framework (COF) by Indirect Intercalation and Its Flame Retardant","authors":"Liqin Shen, Boqiang Xu, Hengming Hu, Zichun Lv, L. Ben","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2297","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a covalent organic framework (COF) based on g-C3N4 was designed firstly. The COF is arranged through an indirect interrelation method among melamine and g-C3N4. During the reaction, Cu2+ was used to expand the layer\u0000 space of g-C3N4. The as-prepared COF were characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, and XRD. The obtained product is a melamine interrelation g-C3N4 composite material (MCN) with COF structure. The MCN was used as flame retardant for cable sheath material.\u0000 The thermal stability, thermal shrinkage, oxygen record and vertical burning of link sheath material contain MCN were tested. The results showed that the MCN flame retardant increases the thermal stability time of the sheath material from 89 min to 131 min, and the thermal shrinkage rate diminished\u0000 from 4.17% to 2.00%. The LOI is 29.5, and the flame retardant grade reaches UL-94 V-0. The SEM analysis of the carbon residue of the cable sheath material after burning, it was found that the state of the carbon layer of the link sheath material transform into a thick honeycomb structure by\u0000 the impact of the MCN flame retardant, which forestalls the dispersion of oxygen and burnable gases, in this way hindering the transmission of flame.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42032887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this pursuit, we analyzed the effects of microplastics (PP, PE, PVC) and microplastics and biochar coexistence (PPR, PER, PVCR) on soil fungal community structure and diversity, and functional prediction analysis. Results showed that microplastics and their coexistence with biochar had a significant impact on the soil physicochemical, with PVCR treatment exhibiting the highest soil pH, organic carbon, phosphorus, potassium, and ammonium nitrogen content. Microplastics and their coexistence with biochar significantly increased fungal abundance, with PPR treatment having the highest fungal abundance. Microplastics and their coexistence with biochar (except for PP) significantly reduced the soil fungal diversity indices. The dominant fungal communities were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota, while at the genus level, Mortierella, Aspergillus, and Fusarium were found to be dominant taxa. Microplastics and their coexistence with biochar promoted the Basidiomycota and Mortierella and inhibited the Ascomycota and Fusarium. Effect of microplastics and biochar coexistence was significantly higher than that of microplastics alone. Soil pH, ammonium nitrogen, organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen, and potassium were main factors affecting the soil fungal community structure changes. FUNGuild functional prediction results showed that microplastics and their coexistence with biochar had a significant influence on the functional group. The relative abundance of pathogenic-saprotrophic-symbiotic nutritional fungi was the highest in the PPR while the PVCR showed the highest relative abundance of saprotrophic nutritional fungi. In summary, the coexistence of microplastics and biochar had a significant affect the soil fungal community, while its impact exhibited variations depending on the type of microplastics.
{"title":"Impact of Coexistence of Microplastics and Biochar on the Abundance and Structure of Soil Fungal Communities","authors":"Xiying Wang, Hui Zhao, Deyan Li, Zhiyong Tan, Jianwei Hou","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2294","url":null,"abstract":"In this pursuit, we analyzed the effects of microplastics (PP, PE, PVC) and microplastics and biochar coexistence (PPR, PER, PVCR) on soil fungal community structure and diversity, and functional prediction analysis. Results showed that microplastics and their coexistence with biochar\u0000 had a significant impact on the soil physicochemical, with PVCR treatment exhibiting the highest soil pH, organic carbon, phosphorus, potassium, and ammonium nitrogen content. Microplastics and their coexistence with biochar significantly increased fungal abundance, with PPR treatment having\u0000 the highest fungal abundance. Microplastics and their coexistence with biochar (except for PP) significantly reduced the soil fungal diversity indices. The dominant fungal communities were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota, while at the genus level, Mortierella, Aspergillus,\u0000 and Fusarium were found to be dominant taxa. Microplastics and their coexistence with biochar promoted the Basidiomycota and Mortierella and inhibited the Ascomycota and Fusarium. Effect of microplastics and biochar coexistence was significantly higher than that of microplastics\u0000 alone. Soil pH, ammonium nitrogen, organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen, and potassium were main factors affecting the soil fungal community structure changes. FUNGuild functional prediction results showed that microplastics and their coexistence with biochar had a significant influence on the\u0000 functional group. The relative abundance of pathogenic-saprotrophic-symbiotic nutritional fungi was the highest in the PPR while the PVCR showed the highest relative abundance of saprotrophic nutritional fungi. In summary, the coexistence of microplastics and biochar had a significant affect\u0000 the soil fungal community, while its impact exhibited variations depending on the type of microplastics.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43418600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lizhong Sun, Jing Chen, Xiujin Hu, Tao Guo, Tong Liu
The aim of this study was to investigate the niche mechanism and diversity of weeds in drip-irrigated and machine-harvested cotton fields in north Xinjiang, China. The dominant classes of weeds in 25 cotton fields under drip-irrigated and machine-harvested in 5 regions of north Xinjiang were investigated by seven-grade visual method, and converted to important value data, the 20 main weeds niche breadth and niche overlap were caculated on the basis of the data above. The ecological similiarity revealed by DCA sorting and minimum spanning tree of graph theory cluster analysis is drawed on the basis of the niche overlap value. The results show that Convolvulus arvensis L., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Solanum nigrum L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Setria viridis (L.) Beauv., Abutilon theophrasti Medicus., Hibiscus trionum L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., nine species of weeds, which are the dominant species (malignant weeds) in drip-irrigated and machine-harvested cotton fields in North Xinjiang, have wide niche. The niche overlap values of S. nigrum L. and C. album L., A. theophrasti Medicus. and A. retroflexus L., H. trionum L. and E. crusgall (L.) Beauv., A. retroflexus L. and E. crusgalli (L.) Beauv. are higher. The minimal spanning tree method based on niche overlap value to reflect similar degree of the ecological needs of the weeds, 20 main weeds will be divided into 4 groups. DCA ordination of 20 main weeds comprehensive ecological needs of 25 sampling sites: the vicious weeds all gathered at the central sorting chart, the distinction is obvious with the general weed and the corresponding of DCA ordination chart with minimal spanning tree is better. The minimal spanning tree by its focus on the results of which show that weeds are the most similar to the ecological requirements, but not be used for the no adjacent species, and no clear that the ecological relationship between them, the DCA sorting can reflect the ecology similar relations between all weeds wholely, though this method will lose a small amount of ecological information through the data conversion. Therefore, the two methods will be combined, complementary advantages, the superiority is obvious. Along with drip irrigation age years increase, S. nigrum L., C. arvensis L., C. album L. and so on, between dominant value of nine species of malignant weeds and the drip irrigation age years has the remarkable regression relations.
{"title":"The Niche Mechanism of Weeds in Cotton Field Under Drip-Irrigated in North Xinjiang, China","authors":"Lizhong Sun, Jing Chen, Xiujin Hu, Tao Guo, Tong Liu","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2292","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to investigate the niche mechanism and diversity of weeds in drip-irrigated and machine-harvested cotton fields in north Xinjiang, China. The dominant classes of weeds in 25 cotton fields under drip-irrigated and machine-harvested in 5 regions of north Xinjiang\u0000 were investigated by seven-grade visual method, and converted to important value data, the 20 main weeds niche breadth and niche overlap were caculated on the basis of the data above. The ecological similiarity revealed by DCA sorting and minimum spanning tree of graph theory cluster analysis\u0000 is drawed on the basis of the niche overlap value. The results show that Convolvulus arvensis L., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Solanum nigrum L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Setria viridis (L.) Beauv., Abutilon\u0000 theophrasti Medicus., Hibiscus trionum L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., nine species of weeds, which are the dominant species (malignant weeds) in drip-irrigated and machine-harvested cotton fields in North Xinjiang, have wide niche. The niche overlap values of S.\u0000 nigrum L. and C. album L., A. theophrasti Medicus. and A. retroflexus L., H. trionum L. and E. crusgall (L.) Beauv., A. retroflexus L. and E. crusgalli (L.) Beauv. are higher. The minimal spanning tree method based on niche overlap value\u0000 to reflect similar degree of the ecological needs of the weeds, 20 main weeds will be divided into 4 groups. DCA ordination of 20 main weeds comprehensive ecological needs of 25 sampling sites: the vicious weeds all gathered at the central sorting chart, the distinction is obvious with the\u0000 general weed and the corresponding of DCA ordination chart with minimal spanning tree is better. The minimal spanning tree by its focus on the results of which show that weeds are the most similar to the ecological requirements, but not be used for the no adjacent species, and no clear that\u0000 the ecological relationship between them, the DCA sorting can reflect the ecology similar relations between all weeds wholely, though this method will lose a small amount of ecological information through the data conversion. Therefore, the two methods will be combined, complementary advantages,\u0000 the superiority is obvious. Along with drip irrigation age years increase, S. nigrum L., C. arvensis L., C. album L. and so on, between dominant value of nine species of malignant weeds and the drip irrigation age years has the remarkable regression relations.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46928887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr), as nonessential elements, are considered as very important pollutants, which greatly affects human health. To reduce food chain risk for vegetable soils contaminated by Cd, and/or Cr, the pot experiments were conducted to investigate Cd or Cr uptake by 9 cultivars of familiar leaf vegetables and to screen leaf vegetables with lower Cd or Cr content in Hainan Province. The results showed that the leaf Cd or Cr contents of 8 vegetables were lower than national limit of contaminants in foods under the treatments of 0.61 mg/kg Cd and 3.07 mg/kg Cd. Only for Lactuca sativa var. longifoliaf, Cd accumulation (fresh weight, 0.2275 mg/kg) exceeded the limit of Cd (0.2 mg/kg) under the treatments (3.07 mg/kg Cd and 104 mg/kg Cr). About Cr accumulation, all tested vegetables were lower than national limit of Cr (0.5 mg/kg). Considering the yield and Cd content (fresh weight), Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis (181.5 g, 0.0172 mg/kg) has the greatest advantage. Brassica pekinensis (11.824 g, 0.0204 mg/kg), Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis 328 (11.8 g, 0.0129 mg/kg) and Lactuca sativa var. ramose (8.2 g, 0.0144 mg/kg) have also the relative advantage.
{"title":"The Effects of Cr/Cd Contamination on Vegetable Cultivars in Hainan Province","authors":"Yujia Wu, Dongming Zhang, Yongping Huang, Kaijun Chang, Jinyuan Wen, Wen Zhang","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2299","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr), as nonessential elements, are considered as very important pollutants, which greatly affects human health. To reduce food chain risk for vegetable soils contaminated by Cd, and/or Cr, the pot experiments were conducted to investigate Cd or Cr uptake by\u0000 9 cultivars of familiar leaf vegetables and to screen leaf vegetables with lower Cd or Cr content in Hainan Province. The results showed that the leaf Cd or Cr contents of 8 vegetables were lower than national limit of contaminants in foods under the treatments of 0.61 mg/kg Cd and 3.07 mg/kg\u0000 Cd. Only for Lactuca sativa var. longifoliaf, Cd accumulation (fresh weight, 0.2275 mg/kg) exceeded the limit of Cd (0.2 mg/kg) under the treatments (3.07 mg/kg Cd and 104 mg/kg Cr). About Cr accumulation, all tested vegetables were lower than national limit of Cr (0.5 mg/kg).\u0000 Considering the yield and Cd content (fresh weight), Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis (181.5 g, 0.0172 mg/kg) has the greatest advantage. Brassica pekinensis (11.824 g, 0.0204 mg/kg), Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis 328 (11.8 g, 0.0129 mg/kg) and Lactuca\u0000 sativa var. ramose (8.2 g, 0.0144 mg/kg) have also the relative advantage.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47499894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Pant, A. Maurya, Aditya, M. Singh, Vinny John, Manika Mehra, R. Sami, Fadi Baakdah, M. Helal
The pertinence of bio-control agents applied with plant-based materials is a highly efficient and reliable sustainable management practices in agriculture. The present study dealt with the repercussion of various bio-control agents and oil seed cakes viz., Trichoderma viride, neem cake, T. viride+neem cake, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana, T. harzianum, soybean cake and castor cake were used against root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) crop. The results showed, all of the bio-control agents and oil seed cakes, either used alone or in combination, suppressed the galls of the root knot nematode. Significant growth parameters and yield of the fruits were perceived in plants treated with combination of T. viride+neem cake followed by P. lilacinus, T. viride, T. harzianum, neem cake, B. bassiana, soybean cake and castor cake respectively. Merest root galls were found in a T. viride+neem cake combination. T. viride was the most effective bioagent and in case of oil seed cakes, neem cake was the most effective in improving growth parameters and reducing root galls caused by M. incognita in the okra crop.
{"title":"Ecofriendly Management of Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)","authors":"H. Pant, A. Maurya, Aditya, M. Singh, Vinny John, Manika Mehra, R. Sami, Fadi Baakdah, M. Helal","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2286","url":null,"abstract":"The pertinence of bio-control agents applied with plant-based materials is a highly efficient and reliable sustainable management practices in agriculture. The present study dealt with the repercussion of various bio-control agents and oil seed cakes viz., Trichoderma viride,\u0000 neem cake, T. viride+neem cake, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana, T. harzianum, soybean cake and castor cake were used against root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) crop. The results showed, all\u0000 of the bio-control agents and oil seed cakes, either used alone or in combination, suppressed the galls of the root knot nematode. Significant growth parameters and yield of the fruits were perceived in plants treated with combination of T. viride+neem cake followed by P. lilacinus,\u0000 T. viride, T. harzianum, neem cake, B. bassiana, soybean cake and castor cake respectively. Merest root galls were found in a T. viride+neem cake combination. T. viride was the most effective bioagent and in case of oil seed cakes, neem cake was the most\u0000 effective in improving growth parameters and reducing root galls caused by M. incognita in the okra crop.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41682324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Uguru, A. Essaghah, O.M. Akwenuke, O. Akpokodje, R. Sami, M. Helal, Roqayah H. Kadi
The study was carried out to assess the public health risks from the consumption of farm crops and vegetables cultivated around active municipal solid waste dumpsites in Delta State. Using the experimental research method soil and vegetation (cassava leaves) samples were collected from ten spatial locations around municipal solid waste dumpsites (SWD), scrap metals yards (SMY) and agricultural farms and subjected to laboratory analysis of relevant physic-chemical parameters. Heavy metals like cadmium “Cd”, iron “Fe”, nickel “Ni” and lead “Pb” concentrations including, total variable bacteria (TVB) and Salmonella spp load in collected samples were determined in accordance with standard procedures. The results revealed a substantial spatial dispersion of the heavy metals, TVB and Salmonella spp concentrations within the two study areas. Remarkably, the bacteria level was higher in the SWD than in the SMY while the heavy metals concentration was higher in the SMYs when compared to the SWD. Spatially, soil and vegetation around the SMD area had higher HMs’ Hazard quotient, Hazard index and Carcinogenic risk values, when compared to the soil around the SMY region, but all their status were within safe limits for the human health. Salmonella spp population in the SWD and SMY soil ranged from 1.33 to 39.33 cfu/g of dry soil and 1.04 to 8.67 cfu/g of dry soil respectively while the TVB count ranged from 6233 cfu/g to 46500 cfu/g of dry soil. Although the heavy metal contamination levels in the soil samples were within safe limits, the presence of the pathogenic bacterium in the soil pose health threat to the inhabitants of the regions.
{"title":"Environmental Impact of Wasteyard Leachate Pollution, It’s Health Risks with Some Microbial and Ecological Implications","authors":"H. Uguru, A. Essaghah, O.M. Akwenuke, O. Akpokodje, R. Sami, M. Helal, Roqayah H. Kadi","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2282","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to assess the public health risks from the consumption of farm crops and vegetables cultivated around active municipal solid waste dumpsites in Delta State. Using the experimental research method soil and vegetation (cassava leaves) samples were collected from\u0000 ten spatial locations around municipal solid waste dumpsites (SWD), scrap metals yards (SMY) and agricultural farms and subjected to laboratory analysis of relevant physic-chemical parameters. Heavy metals like cadmium “Cd”, iron “Fe”, nickel “Ni” and lead\u0000 “Pb” concentrations including, total variable bacteria (TVB) and Salmonella spp load in collected samples were determined in accordance with standard procedures. The results revealed a substantial spatial dispersion of the heavy metals, TVB and Salmonella spp concentrations\u0000 within the two study areas. Remarkably, the bacteria level was higher in the SWD than in the SMY while the heavy metals concentration was higher in the SMYs when compared to the SWD. Spatially, soil and vegetation around the SMD area had higher HMs’ Hazard quotient, Hazard index\u0000 and Carcinogenic risk values, when compared to the soil around the SMY region, but all their status were within safe limits for the human health. Salmonella spp population in the SWD and SMY soil ranged from 1.33 to 39.33 cfu/g of dry soil and 1.04 to 8.67 cfu/g of dry soil respectively\u0000 while the TVB count ranged from 6233 cfu/g to 46500 cfu/g of dry soil. Although the heavy metal contamination levels in the soil samples were within safe limits, the presence of the pathogenic bacterium in the soil pose health threat to the inhabitants of the regions.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48766866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Q. Ma, Mengqiang Chen, Hong Liu, Liqing Liu, Jiwei Yin, Xi Yang, Jialin Lv, D. Rao, S. Shi, Zhenjiang Xu
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are highly polymorphism, good reproducibility, abundant number and co-dominant inheritance, and were considered to be one of the preferred molecular markers for DNA fingerprints in distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) testing. In this study, 10 representative Dimocarpus longan Lour (longan) varieties with significant differences were selected from 63 longan varieties according to the morphological characteristics. Based on PCR amplifications of the 10 selected varieties, 24 SSR primers pairs were screened from total 300 SSR primers pairs, to establish SSR fingerprints for all 63 longan varieties. The results showed that a total of 127 alleles were detected in 63 longan varieties, with an average of 5.29 alleles for each pair of primers. The Shannon’s index of the 24 pairs of SSR markers ranged from 0.64 to 1.58, with an average of 1.20. The polymorphism information content of each locus ranged from 0.32 to 0.72, with an average of 0.58. Clustering analysis indicated that most of the varieties with close genetic relationships tended to fall in the same cluster, and only a few in different clusters or sub-clusters. The 63 longan varieties were completely identified by the optimal combination of 6 pairs of SSR primers (LY161, LY252, LY137, LY130, LY25 and LY34). Overall, DNA fingerprints of the 63 longan varieties were constructed based on these 24 pairs of SSR primers. This study may provide a technical support for variety identification and similar variety screening in DUS detection in longan.
{"title":"Construction of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Simple Sequence Repeat Fingerprints and Application in Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability Testing","authors":"Q. Ma, Mengqiang Chen, Hong Liu, Liqing Liu, Jiwei Yin, Xi Yang, Jialin Lv, D. Rao, S. Shi, Zhenjiang Xu","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2274","url":null,"abstract":"Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are highly polymorphism, good reproducibility, abundant number and co-dominant inheritance, and were considered to be one of the preferred molecular markers for DNA fingerprints in distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) testing. In this study,\u0000 10 representative Dimocarpus longan Lour (longan) varieties with significant differences were selected from 63 longan varieties according to the morphological characteristics. Based on PCR amplifications of the 10 selected varieties, 24 SSR primers pairs were screened from total 300\u0000 SSR primers pairs, to establish SSR fingerprints for all 63 longan varieties. The results showed that a total of 127 alleles were detected in 63 longan varieties, with an average of 5.29 alleles for each pair of primers. The Shannon’s index of the 24 pairs of SSR markers ranged from\u0000 0.64 to 1.58, with an average of 1.20. The polymorphism information content of each locus ranged from 0.32 to 0.72, with an average of 0.58. Clustering analysis indicated that most of the varieties with close genetic relationships tended to fall in the same cluster, and only a few in different\u0000 clusters or sub-clusters. The 63 longan varieties were completely identified by the optimal combination of 6 pairs of SSR primers (LY161, LY252, LY137, LY130, LY25 and LY34). Overall, DNA fingerprints of the 63 longan varieties were constructed based on these 24 pairs of SSR primers. This\u0000 study may provide a technical support for variety identification and similar variety screening in DUS detection in longan.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47619484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Essential oils have recently received a lot of attention due to their numerous uses in natural functional ingredients, Cosmetics, pharmaceutical formulations, and biomedical products. In our research,, the chemical composition and biological effects of four commercial essential oils obtained extracted from four different plants, Zingiber officinale (Ginger), Citrus sinensis (Orange), Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor), and Cinnamomum cassia (Cinnamon cassia) were analyzed and determined. GC-MS was used to analyze the chemical composition of four essential oils. The disc diffusion technique, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) analysis were used to determine the antibacterial effect of essential oils against Gram positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli) bacteria. The cytotoxic activity was also evident against cervical carcinoma cells and prostate Carcinoma cells. By GC-MS analysis, the four essential oils, Z. officinale, C. inensis, C. camphor, and C.cassia contained 32, 8, 16, and 9 components in total, respectively. Results, Most of studied essential oils showed antibacterial activities; C. cassia recorded the highest effect against tested strains, followed by C. inensis and C. camphor. C. cassia EO showed a strong inhibitory action against B. cereus and E. coli by inhibiting the region 45.7±0.55, and 40.5±0.53 respectively, while Z. officinale showed no effect against B. cereus, and S. aureus Gve+. The lowest value of MIC and MBC for C. cassia EO is ∼25 μL/mL against B.cereus. C. cassia was the most effective against used mammalian Cell Lines (IC50 values of 52.5±1.59 and 47.46±1.28 μg/mL) followed by C. camphora (IC50 values of 53.23±1.68 and 60.64±1.76 μg/mL). Finally, essential oils have shown a good alternative to replace antibiotics and anti cancer drugs.
{"title":"Chemical Composition and Biological Properties of Essential Oils of Zingiber officinale, Citrus sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora, and Cinnamomum cassia","authors":"H. Hamdi, Abeer A. Abu Zaid","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2276","url":null,"abstract":"Essential oils have recently received a lot of attention due to their numerous uses in natural functional ingredients, Cosmetics, pharmaceutical formulations, and biomedical products. In our research,, the chemical composition and biological effects of four commercial essential oils\u0000 obtained extracted from four different plants, Zingiber officinale (Ginger), Citrus sinensis (Orange), Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor), and Cinnamomum cassia (Cinnamon cassia) were analyzed and determined. GC-MS was used to analyze the chemical composition of four\u0000 essential oils. The disc diffusion technique, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) analysis were used to determine the antibacterial effect of essential oils against Gram positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative\u0000 (Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli) bacteria. The cytotoxic activity was also evident against cervical carcinoma cells and prostate Carcinoma cells. By GC-MS analysis, the four essential oils, Z. officinale, C. inensis, C. camphor, and\u0000 C.cassia contained 32, 8, 16, and 9 components in total, respectively. Results, Most of studied essential oils showed antibacterial activities; C. cassia recorded the highest effect against tested strains, followed by C. inensis and C. camphor. C. cassia\u0000 EO showed a strong inhibitory action against B. cereus and E. coli by inhibiting the region 45.7±0.55, and 40.5±0.53 respectively, while Z. officinale showed no effect against B. cereus, and S. aureus Gve+. The lowest value of MIC and MBC for\u0000 C. cassia EO is ∼25 μL/mL against B.cereus. C. cassia was the most effective against used mammalian Cell Lines (IC50 values of 52.5±1.59 and 47.46±1.28 μg/mL) followed by C. camphora (IC50 values of 53.23±1.68\u0000 and 60.64±1.76 μg/mL). Finally, essential oils have shown a good alternative to replace antibiotics and anti cancer drugs.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47150648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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