Jianxin Granules, a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), consisting of eight flavors, including Huang Qi (astragalus), Hong Shen (red ginseng), Pu Huang (pollen typhae), Dan Shen (salvia miltiorrhiza), Zhu Ling (polyporus), Bai Zhu (atractylodes macrocephala), Gui Zhi (cassia twig), Ting Li Zi (semen lepidii). Jianxin granules has a multi-system, multi-target, and multi-directional comprehensive regulatory effect on inhibiting ventricular remodeling, which is an effective formulation for the prevention and treatment of heart failure, and has a good application prospect. However, many of the ingredients, including pharmacologically active ingredients, in the Jianxin granules remain unclear. Here, we attempted to develop a metabolomics method of component identification, quantitation, pattern recognition, and cross-comparison of Jianxin granules. Chemical analysis, component identification and quantification analyse of Jianxin granules were conducted with a combination of UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS with bioinformatics. Assessment of the correlation between technical and bio-replicated pharmacological active ingredients was implemented by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), in addition to Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). UHPLC-QTOFMS/ MS, a metabolomics method, was developed and adapted to characterize Jianxin granules, which consisted of 178 to 216 molecular signatures. The quantitative analysis of 95 frequently occurring molecular signatures of Jianxin granules was carried out by a single exogenous reference internal standard. Of these, 47 have been identified using diverse databases, including 2 glycosylglycerol derivatives, 2 lipids, 2 spiro compounds, 2 cyclohexanecarboxylic acids, 2 glycosides, 5 terpenoids, 7 oligopeptides, 17 favonoids, and 8 various compounds, such as hydroxycoumarin, chalcone, benzofuran, benzodioxole, benzaldehyde, aromatic ketone, and alkyl cafeate ester. The established method demonstrates robust reliability and reproducibility, making it suitable for various applications including compositional identification, quantification, and quality assessment of the pharmacologically active constituents in Jianxin granules.
{"title":"Identification and Quantitative Analysis of the Pharmacologically Active Components of Jianxin Granules by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-Based Metabolomics","authors":"Luting Zhang, Yongzhong Chen, Jinjian Guo, Qiufang Ouyang","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2437","url":null,"abstract":"Jianxin Granules, a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), consisting of eight flavors, including Huang Qi (astragalus), Hong Shen (red ginseng), Pu Huang (pollen typhae), Dan Shen (salvia miltiorrhiza), Zhu Ling (polyporus), Bai Zhu (atractylodes macrocephala), Gui Zhi (cassia twig),\u0000 Ting Li Zi (semen lepidii). Jianxin granules has a multi-system, multi-target, and multi-directional comprehensive regulatory effect on inhibiting ventricular remodeling, which is an effective formulation for the prevention and treatment of heart failure, and has a good application prospect.\u0000 However, many of the ingredients, including pharmacologically active ingredients, in the Jianxin granules remain unclear. Here, we attempted to develop a metabolomics method of component identification, quantitation, pattern recognition, and cross-comparison of Jianxin granules. Chemical analysis,\u0000 component identification and quantification analyse of Jianxin granules were conducted with a combination of UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS with bioinformatics. Assessment of the correlation between technical and bio-replicated pharmacological active ingredients was implemented by Principal Component Analysis\u0000 (PCA), in addition to Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). UHPLC-QTOFMS/ MS, a metabolomics method, was developed and adapted to characterize Jianxin granules, which consisted of 178 to 216 molecular signatures. The quantitative analysis of 95 frequently occurring molecular\u0000 signatures of Jianxin granules was carried out by a single exogenous reference internal standard. Of these, 47 have been identified using diverse databases, including 2 glycosylglycerol derivatives, 2 lipids, 2 spiro compounds, 2 cyclohexanecarboxylic acids, 2 glycosides, 5 terpenoids, 7 oligopeptides,\u0000 17 favonoids, and 8 various compounds, such as hydroxycoumarin, chalcone, benzofuran, benzodioxole, benzaldehyde, aromatic ketone, and alkyl cafeate ester. The established method demonstrates robust reliability and reproducibility, making it suitable for various applications including compositional\u0000 identification, quantification, and quality assessment of the pharmacologically active constituents in Jianxin granules.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luluah M. Al Masoudi, Hamida Hamdi, Abeer A. Abu Zaid
An aromatic plant is called Ruta chalepensis L. known locally as “Fidjel,” grows in rocky, arid places. Its pharmacological activities are pleiotropic. The goal of the present investigation was to use GCMS and HPLC analysis to identify the chemical constituents of oil extracted from Ruta chalepensis L. and assess its antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Linoleic acid was the most predominant acid found in Ruta chalepensis L. oil, then oleic acid, palmitic acid, and linolenic acid. 13.64 μg/mL of tocopherol (α-, β-, and γ-tocopherol) was identified. The primary phytosterols are β-sitosterol and campesterol. At 200 μL/mL of Ruta chalepensis L. oil, phenolic components rated 84.4 GAE/mL and had 94.0% antioxidant activity. Zone inhibition efficacy of Ruta chalepensis L. oil against microbial strains, particularly E. coli with a diameter of 42.3 mm, was demonstrated. MBC (30 μL/mL and 40 μL/mL) are the bactericidal action against E. coli and S. aureus, while MIC bacteriostatic (30 μL/mL) was also demonstrated. However, Ruta chalepensis L. oil was ineffective against Saccharomyces cervisia and fungal strains. Weak inhibitory impact of Ruta chalepensis L. oil was observed against the PC-3 (prostate cancer) cell line. Nonetheless, it had a significant inhibitory impact on the A2780 (ovarian cancer) cell line. At 100 μg/mL of oil, Ruta chalepensis L. oil showed a low antiviral impact (7.93±2.03%) against the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Oil from Ruta chalepensis L. is a promising option for the medical management of non- transmissible illnesses, since it is wealthy in antioxidants and bioactive substances.
{"title":"Chemical Composition, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Antiviral and Cytotoxic Activities of Ruta chalepensis L. Fixed Oil from Saudi Arabia","authors":"Luluah M. Al Masoudi, Hamida Hamdi, Abeer A. Abu Zaid","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2414","url":null,"abstract":"An aromatic plant is called Ruta chalepensis L. known locally as “Fidjel,” grows in rocky, arid places. Its pharmacological activities are pleiotropic. The goal of the present investigation was to use GCMS and HPLC analysis to identify the chemical constituents of\u0000 oil extracted from Ruta chalepensis L. and assess its antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Linoleic acid was the most predominant acid found in Ruta chalepensis L. oil, then oleic acid, palmitic acid, and linolenic acid. 13.64 μg/mL\u0000 of tocopherol (α-, β-, and γ-tocopherol) was identified. The primary phytosterols are β-sitosterol and campesterol. At 200 μL/mL of Ruta chalepensis L. oil, phenolic components rated 84.4 GAE/mL and had 94.0% antioxidant activity.\u0000 Zone inhibition efficacy of Ruta chalepensis L. oil against microbial strains, particularly E. coli with a diameter of 42.3 mm, was demonstrated. MBC (30 μL/mL and 40 μL/mL) are the bactericidal action against E. coli and S. aureus, while MIC\u0000 bacteriostatic (30 μL/mL) was also demonstrated. However, Ruta chalepensis L. oil was ineffective against Saccharomyces cervisia and fungal strains. Weak inhibitory impact of Ruta chalepensis L. oil was observed against the PC-3 (prostate cancer) cell line. Nonetheless,\u0000 it had a significant inhibitory impact on the A2780 (ovarian cancer) cell line. At 100 μg/mL of oil, Ruta chalepensis L. oil showed a low antiviral impact (7.93±2.03%) against the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Oil from Ruta chalepensis L. is a promising\u0000 option for the medical management of non- transmissible illnesses, since it is wealthy in antioxidants and bioactive substances.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141710783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Montaser M. Hassan, B. Albogami, T. Mwabvu, M. M. Hassan, Mohamed F. Awad, Ayman Sabry, Mohamed Ismail, Mona A. Farid, M. Elsharkawy
Terrestrial specimens were collected from Ashshafa, a south-western highland area in Saudi Arabia. Three species, i.e., Porcellio laevis, Porcellionides pruinosus (Porcellionidae), and Armadillidium vulgare (Armadillidiidae), were identified in this study based on their morphological characteristics. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences were used for DNA barcoding and biodiversity assessments. A phylogenetic tree of 22 haplotypes from 35 specimens of the three isopod species was drawn from the most similar sequences obtained from BLAST with the associated accession numbers. The tree included two clades. The first clade included samples of P. laevis and P. pruinosus, whereas the second clade included samples of A. vulgare. Each identified species formed a distinct subclade within the main clade, along with similar sequences obtained from the NCBI database. The heat map of genetic distance among haplotypes shows the haplotype diversity (Hd) ranged from 0.590 to 0.933 (mean = 0.767) and total nucleotide diversity (πT) ranged from 0.001 to 0.089 (mean=0.049), with a similar trend observed for nucleotide diversity per site (θw) ranged from 0.001 to 0.80 (mean = 0.049). In contrast, synonymous nucleotide diversity (πs), mean=0.009, was low compared to nonsynonymous nucleotide diversity (πs), mean=0.060, across all species. In conclusion, the morphological identification of terrestrial isopods was confirmed using COI gene sequencing of mitochondrial DNA. These results will be helpful in developing a deeper isopod identification method.
陆生标本采集自沙特阿拉伯西南部高原地区阿什沙法。根据其形态特征，本研究确定了三个物种，即 Porcellio laevis、Porcellionides pruinosus（Porcellionidae）和 Armadillidium vulgare（Armadillidiidae）。部分线粒体细胞色素 C 氧化酶亚单位 I（COI）基因序列被用于 DNA 条形编码和生物多样性评估。根据 BLAST 获得的最相似序列和相关的登录号，从 35 个等足类动物标本中提取了 22 个单倍型，并绘制了一棵系统发生树。该树包括两个支系。第一个支系包括 P. laevis 和 P. pruinosus 的样本，而第二个支系包括 A. vulgare 的样本。每个已确定的物种都与从 NCBI 数据库中获得的相似序列在主支系中形成了一个独特的亚支系。单倍型之间遗传距离的热图显示，单倍型多样性（Hd）在 0.590 至 0.933 之间（平均值=0.767），总核苷酸多样性（πT）在 0.001 至 0.089 之间（平均值=0.049），每个位点的核苷酸多样性（θw）在 0.001 至 0.80 之间（平均值=0.049），观察到类似的趋势。相反，在所有物种中，同义核苷酸多样性（πs）（平均值=0.009）比非同义核苷酸多样性（πs）（平均值=0.060）低。总之，线粒体 DNA COI 基因测序证实了陆生等脚类动物的形态鉴定。这些结果将有助于开发更深入的等足类鉴定方法。
{"title":"Morphological, Molecular Identification and Genetic Diversity Assessment of Three Terrestrial Isopods from the High-Altitude Region","authors":"Montaser M. Hassan, B. Albogami, T. Mwabvu, M. M. Hassan, Mohamed F. Awad, Ayman Sabry, Mohamed Ismail, Mona A. Farid, M. Elsharkawy","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2405","url":null,"abstract":"Terrestrial specimens were collected from Ashshafa, a south-western highland area in Saudi Arabia. Three species, i.e., Porcellio laevis, Porcellionides pruinosus (Porcellionidae), and Armadillidium vulgare (Armadillidiidae), were identified in this study based on their\u0000 morphological characteristics. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences were used for DNA barcoding and biodiversity assessments. A phylogenetic tree of 22 haplotypes from 35 specimens of the three isopod species was drawn from the most similar sequences\u0000 obtained from BLAST with the associated accession numbers. The tree included two clades. The first clade included samples of P. laevis and P. pruinosus, whereas the second clade included samples of A. vulgare. Each identified species formed a distinct subclade within the\u0000 main clade, along with similar sequences obtained from the NCBI database. The heat map of genetic distance among haplotypes shows the haplotype diversity (Hd) ranged from 0.590 to 0.933 (mean = 0.767) and total nucleotide diversity (πT) ranged from 0.001 to 0.089 (mean=0.049),\u0000 with a similar trend observed for nucleotide diversity per site (θw) ranged from 0.001 to 0.80 (mean = 0.049). In contrast, synonymous nucleotide diversity (πs), mean=0.009, was low compared to nonsynonymous nucleotide diversity (πs), mean=0.060, across all\u0000 species. In conclusion, the morphological identification of terrestrial isopods was confirmed using COI gene sequencing of mitochondrial DNA. These results will be helpful in developing a deeper isopod identification method.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xun Zhang, Shilei Song, Miaodong Wang, Zhifeng Wei, Xin Deng
The increasing incidence of drug-induced acute liver injury (ALI) has drawn global attention to this health concern. Tian Jing Yi Xue Decoction (TJYXD), an ancient formula, has shown potential clinical efficacy for ALI. However, no studies have yet confirmed its effectiveness in treating ALI. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic potential of TJYXD in H2O2-induced HepG2 cell injury and CCl4-induced liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze TJYXD components. Network pharmacology was employed to predict its mechanisms and effective components for ALI treatment, followed by experimental verification. In cellular experiments, 2 mg/mL TJYXD significantly reduced the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In animal experiments, TJYXD significantly decreased the levels of ALT, ALP, and malondialdehyde and increased the level of superoxide dismutase. Histopathological analysis with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and Masson staining further confirmed the efficacy of TJYXD compared to silymarin in treating ALI. Moreover, we determined that the therapeutic effects of TJYXD in the treatment of ALI were attributed to its inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and reduction in both serum and livers levels of transforming growth factor-β 1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α. Furthermore, quercetin, apigenin, and luteolin were speculated to be the main active constituents. In conclusion, TJYXD demonstrates remarkable efficacy both in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of ALI by enhancing immunity and suppressing inflammation. Furthermore, TJYXD holds promise as a first-line or adjunctive therapeutic agent.
药物诱发急性肝损伤（ALI）的发病率不断上升，引起了全球对这一健康问题的关注。古方天精一雪煎对急性肝损伤具有潜在的临床疗效。然而，尚未有研究证实其治疗 ALI 的有效性。在本研究中，我们探讨了天青雪黛对 H2O2- 诱导的 HepG2 细胞损伤和 CCl4 诱导的 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠肝损伤的治疗潜力。采用高效液相色谱-质谱法分析了 TJYXD 的成分。利用网络药理学预测了其治疗 ALI 的机制和有效成分，并进行了实验验证。在细胞实验中，2 mg/mL TJYXD 能显著降低丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的水平。在动物实验中，TJYXD 能明显降低 ALT、ALP 和丙二醛的水平，提高超氧化物歧化酶的水平。用苏木精、伊红染色法和马森染色法进行的组织病理学分析进一步证实，与水飞蓟素相比，TJYXD 在治疗 ALI 方面具有更好的疗效。此外，我们还发现，TJYXD 在治疗 ALI 方面的疗效归功于其对 PI3K/AKT/mTOR 通路的抑制，以及对血清和肝脏中转化生长因子-β 1、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α 水平的降低。此外，槲皮素、芹菜素和木犀草素被推测为主要活性成分。总之，TJYXD 通过增强免疫力和抑制炎症，在体外和体内治疗 ALI 方面均显示出显著疗效。此外，TJYXD 还有望成为一线或辅助治疗药物。
{"title":"Treatment on Acute Liver Injury with Tian Jing Yi Xue Decoction by Repressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Reducing Inflammation","authors":"Xun Zhang, Shilei Song, Miaodong Wang, Zhifeng Wei, Xin Deng","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2358","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing incidence of drug-induced acute liver injury (ALI) has drawn global attention to this health concern. Tian Jing Yi Xue Decoction (TJYXD), an ancient formula, has shown potential clinical efficacy for ALI. However, no studies have yet confirmed its effectiveness in treating\u0000 ALI. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic potential of TJYXD in H2O2-induced HepG2 cell injury and CCl4-induced liver injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze TJYXD components. Network\u0000 pharmacology was employed to predict its mechanisms and effective components for ALI treatment, followed by experimental verification. In cellular experiments, 2 mg/mL TJYXD significantly reduced the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase\u0000 (ALP). In animal experiments, TJYXD significantly decreased the levels of ALT, ALP, and malondialdehyde and increased the level of superoxide dismutase. Histopathological analysis with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and Masson staining further confirmed the efficacy of TJYXD compared to silymarin\u0000 in treating ALI. Moreover, we determined that the therapeutic effects of TJYXD in the treatment of ALI were attributed to its inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and reduction in both serum and livers levels of transforming growth factor-β 1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α.\u0000 Furthermore, quercetin, apigenin, and luteolin were speculated to be the main active constituents. In conclusion, TJYXD demonstrates remarkable efficacy both in vitro and in vivo for the treatment of ALI by enhancing immunity and suppressing inflammation. Furthermore, TJYXD holds\u0000 promise as a first-line or adjunctive therapeutic agent.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Dhesinghraja, K. Mayandi, N. Rajini, C. Prakash, Nadir Ayrilmis, Faruq Mohammad, H. Al-Lohedan, Sikiru O. Ismail
One of the most common concerns worlds over is negating the harmful effects of human-generated waste through the RRR principle–reduce, reuse and recycle. One of the methods of achieving this is by the use of biodegradable materials for producing products for our daily use. One such product that contributes to huge waste generation is sanitary napkins and synthetic fabrics. This research deals with fibers derived from natural sources can be used for manufacturing sanitary napkins, yarn, fabrics. The Musa acuminata wild species H2O treated and alkali treated (4% NaOH) banana fibers were taken to develop a biodegradable sanitary napkin and fabrics, which is one of the big industrial crops biomass. These fibres were machine extracted only from the pseudo-banana stem. The biomass level was measured and physical (166.2–220.4 µ m), chemical (Cellulose 57–66%), and structural analyses (XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDAX) of alkali (NaOH) and water-treated (H2O) fibers were identified. The antibacterial, antifungal property, moisture regain (12%) and fibre absorbency (43–64%) were discussed as per the standard of CTL/SOP/MICRO/004. The napkin test report has been taken as per IS 5405-1980 & 1390-1961 standards that was to be compared with the standard values. The napkin test parameters such as absorbency level, disposable, pH value, cost analysis, biodegradability level, and consumer perception were found. Finally, the basic yarn (20 s & 5 s) and fabric (C/B blend & weft banana) tests were carried out.
{"title":"Investigation of Properties and Product Development from the Industrial Fiber Crops (Musa acuminata) Biowaste","authors":"J. Dhesinghraja, K. Mayandi, N. Rajini, C. Prakash, Nadir Ayrilmis, Faruq Mohammad, H. Al-Lohedan, Sikiru O. Ismail","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2359","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common concerns worlds over is negating the harmful effects of human-generated waste through the RRR principle–reduce, reuse and recycle. One of the methods of achieving this is by the use of biodegradable materials for producing products for our daily use. One\u0000 such product that contributes to huge waste generation is sanitary napkins and synthetic fabrics. This research deals with fibers derived from natural sources can be used for manufacturing sanitary napkins, yarn, fabrics. The Musa acuminata wild species H2O treated and alkali\u0000 treated (4% NaOH) banana fibers were taken to develop a biodegradable sanitary napkin and fabrics, which is one of the big industrial crops biomass. These fibres were machine extracted only from the pseudo-banana stem. The biomass level was measured and physical (166.2–220.4 µ\u0000 m), chemical (Cellulose 57–66%), and structural analyses (XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDAX) of alkali (NaOH) and water-treated (H2O) fibers were identified. The antibacterial, antifungal property, moisture regain (12%) and fibre absorbency (43–64%) were discussed as per the standard\u0000 of CTL/SOP/MICRO/004. The napkin test report has been taken as per IS 5405-1980 & 1390-1961 standards that was to be compared with the standard values. The napkin test parameters such as absorbency level, disposable, pH value, cost analysis, biodegradability level, and consumer perception\u0000 were found. Finally, the basic yarn (20 s & 5 s) and fabric (C/B blend & weft banana) tests were carried out.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal weight loss behavior of tobacco stems is the key to studying the chemical properties of tobacco stalks. In this research, four steam explosion pressure gradients with three heating rates were investigated for the pyrolysis characteristics of tobacco stems. Three methods were employed to analyze pyrolysis reaction kinetics. The results showed that pyrolysis of tobacco stems consists of three phases: dehydration, degradation, and carbonization. The influence of steam explosion pressure on the thermal stability of tobacco stems was as follows: 0.5 MPa > 0.2 MPa > 0.8 MPa > block sample > 1.1 MPa. The pyrolysis of tobacco stems followed the first-order reaction kinetics equation, and the pyrolysis experiments fit the Kissinger equation, Tang equation, and Hu-Gao-Zhang equation well. The experimental results provide a reference for research on the subject of pyrolysis of tobacco stems.
{"title":"Study on the Pyrolysis Characteristics of Tobacco Stems Under Different Steam Explosion Pressures","authors":"Ze Liu, Chenhao Song, Wen Zuo, Siyuan Li, Fayong Wang, Chao Gui, Gaoxiang Xu, Ji Yang, Wei Zhang, Liang Fu, Qianxu Yang, Guofu Zhou, Chuanjiao Gao, Xingyong Li, Yubao Chen","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2373","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal weight loss behavior of tobacco stems is the key to studying the chemical properties of tobacco stalks. In this research, four steam explosion pressure gradients with three heating rates were investigated for the pyrolysis characteristics of tobacco stems. Three methods were\u0000 employed to analyze pyrolysis reaction kinetics. The results showed that pyrolysis of tobacco stems consists of three phases: dehydration, degradation, and carbonization. The influence of steam explosion pressure on the thermal stability of tobacco stems was as follows: 0.5 MPa > 0.2 MPa\u0000 > 0.8 MPa > block sample > 1.1 MPa. The pyrolysis of tobacco stems followed the first-order reaction kinetics equation, and the pyrolysis experiments fit the Kissinger equation, Tang equation, and Hu-Gao-Zhang equation well. The experimental results provide a reference for research\u0000 on the subject of pyrolysis of tobacco stems.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140087011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghulam Jilany Khan, Zil E. Humma, M. O. Omer, Adeel Sattar, I. Altaf, Zhu Chen, Song Li, Hiui Chen, Yan Deng, Nongyue He
Methicillin drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a challenging microbe among bacteria borne infectious diseases and is extremely difficult to treat because of resistive nature of pathogen. Therefore, new agents are always needed to treat MRSA associated infections. Extracts from plants have been in medicinal practice since early ages of mankind. Current research is meant to discern the therapeutic aspects of Piper nigrum L. and Curcuma longa L. as solo or in combinatory medicinal agent against bacterial strains and associated infectious angiogenesis. The individual MICs of Curcuma longa and Piper nigrum calculated by agar well diffusion method were 1.56 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL respectively whereas the MIC of the combination of Curcuma longa and Piper nigrum was 0.062 mg/mL, indicating significant decrease in effective MIC in combination. FICI value was 0.034 ≤ 0.5 that confirmed the synergistic antibacterial activity of the combination extract. MTT assay showed that the cell survival percentage and IC50 values of Curcuma longa L., Piper nigrum L. and their combination were 69%, 41%, 80% and 38.3 ± 2.82, 9.92 ± 1.84, 62 ± 5.32 respectively indicating therapeutic doses were non-toxic. Further antibacterial activity of extracts showed promising antibacterial effects against MRSA. Effects on infectious angiogenesis were observed by CAM assay which revealed that when Curcuma longa L. and Piper nigrum L. were used in combination, inhibition of neovascularization was more promising as compared to individual effect which further testified the synergistic effect of Piper nigrum L. Present study accumulatively reports the novel potential utility of Curcuma longa L. and Piper nigrum L. extracts in a synergistic way against MRSA infection by interfering the mechanism of infectious angiogenesis and bactericidal action; suggesting further investigation to isolate active compounds for bactericidal and anti-infectious antiangiogenic activities that may serve as therapeutic agents in the modern field of medicine.
{"title":"Effects of Curcuma longa L. and Piper nigrum L. Against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Infectious Angiogenesis","authors":"Ghulam Jilany Khan, Zil E. Humma, M. O. Omer, Adeel Sattar, I. Altaf, Zhu Chen, Song Li, Hiui Chen, Yan Deng, Nongyue He","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2363","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a challenging microbe among bacteria borne infectious diseases and is extremely difficult to treat because of resistive nature of pathogen. Therefore, new agents are always needed to treat MRSA associated infections. Extracts\u0000 from plants have been in medicinal practice since early ages of mankind. Current research is meant to discern the therapeutic aspects of Piper nigrum L. and Curcuma longa L. as solo or in combinatory medicinal agent against bacterial strains and associated infectious angiogenesis.\u0000 The individual MICs of Curcuma longa and Piper nigrum calculated by agar well diffusion method were 1.56 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL respectively whereas the MIC of the combination of Curcuma longa and Piper nigrum was 0.062 mg/mL, indicating significant decrease in effective\u0000 MIC in combination. FICI value was 0.034 ≤ 0.5 that confirmed the synergistic antibacterial activity of the combination extract. MTT assay showed that the cell survival percentage and IC50 values of Curcuma longa L., Piper nigrum L. and their combination were 69%, 41%, 80%\u0000 and 38.3 ± 2.82, 9.92 ± 1.84, 62 ± 5.32 respectively indicating therapeutic doses were non-toxic. Further antibacterial activity of extracts showed promising antibacterial effects against MRSA. Effects on infectious angiogenesis were observed by CAM assay which revealed\u0000 that when Curcuma longa L. and Piper nigrum L. were used in combination, inhibition of neovascularization was more promising as compared to individual effect which further testified the synergistic effect of Piper nigrum L. Present study accumulatively reports the novel\u0000 potential utility of Curcuma longa L. and Piper nigrum L. extracts in a synergistic way against MRSA infection by interfering the mechanism of infectious angiogenesis and bactericidal action; suggesting further investigation to isolate active compounds for bactericidal and anti-infectious\u0000 antiangiogenic activities that may serve as therapeutic agents in the modern field of medicine.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140088030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the efficacy of the combined use of Qingfei Huayu decoction (QFHYD) and targeted nursing care in pediatric cases of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). One hundred and twenty pediatric cases of MPP admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected and randomly divided into control (n = 60) and experimental (n = 60) groups. The control group (CG) was treated with targeted nursing care in conjunction with conventional Western medicine, while the experimental group (EG) received QFHYD in addition to the CG’s treatment. Clinical efficacy, symptom relief time, and levels of inflammatory markers were recorded. Subsequently, a mouse model of MPP was established to investigate the effects of QFHYD on bacterial load in lung tissues, tissue damage, and the expression of members of the Notch pathway. The symptom relief times for cough, fever, and pulmonary rales were shorter in the EG than in the CG (all P < 0. 001). After treatment, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 levels decreased in both groups, with the levels being lower in the EG (both P < 0. 001). Mouse model results showed that both azithromycin alone and in combination with QFHYD could reduce bacterial loads in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung injury scores (all P < 0. 001), with the combination showing more significant effects. Furthermore, western blotting indicated significant reductions in the relative protein levels of Notch1 and Notch2 in mouse lung tissues, with the combination showing more significant effects (all P < 0. 001). In pediatric MPP, the combination of QFHYD and targeted nursing care can significantly enhance clinical efficacy, accelerate symptom relief, and improve the body’s inflammatory state. Based on animal studies, we speculate that the action of QFHYD may be related to the Notch pathway.
{"title":"Combination of Qingfei Huayu Decoction and Targeted Nursing Care Improves the Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia","authors":"Zheng Hua, Li Shu, Xiangjun Wu, Qian Zhu, Chao Li","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2356","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the efficacy of the combined use of Qingfei Huayu decoction (QFHYD) and targeted nursing care in pediatric cases of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). One hundred and twenty pediatric cases of MPP admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were selected\u0000 and randomly divided into control (n = 60) and experimental (n = 60) groups. The control group (CG) was treated with targeted nursing care in conjunction with conventional Western medicine, while the experimental group (EG) received QFHYD in addition to the CG’s treatment.\u0000 Clinical efficacy, symptom relief time, and levels of inflammatory markers were recorded. Subsequently, a mouse model of MPP was established to investigate the effects of QFHYD on bacterial load in lung tissues, tissue damage, and the expression of members of the Notch pathway. The symptom\u0000 relief times for cough, fever, and pulmonary rales were shorter in the EG than in the CG (all P < 0. 001). After treatment, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 levels decreased in both groups, with the levels being lower in the EG (both P < 0. 001). Mouse model results showed\u0000 that both azithromycin alone and in combination with QFHYD could reduce bacterial loads in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung injury scores (all P < 0. 001), with the combination showing more significant effects. Furthermore, western blotting indicated significant reductions in\u0000 the relative protein levels of Notch1 and Notch2 in mouse lung tissues, with the combination showing more significant effects (all P < 0. 001). In pediatric MPP, the combination of QFHYD and targeted nursing care can significantly enhance clinical efficacy, accelerate symptom relief,\u0000 and improve the body’s inflammatory state. Based on animal studies, we speculate that the action of QFHYD may be related to the Notch pathway.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140090219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The major content of this article is to make a detailed analysis of the effects of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in pediatric RTI and immune function. 79 healthy children attended in Women’s & Children’s Central Hospital of Chengdu were enrolled. They were partitioned into the probiotic group and the placebo group. The probiotic group was offered with the supplemental probiotic solid beverages (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus rhamnosus) every day, and this lasted for 12 weeks. The placebo group was offered with the solid beverages without probiotics. Venous peripheral blood was taken on an empty stomach at 0 and 12 weeks, and flow cytometry measured the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ lymphocyte levels and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios in peripheral blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detects interleukin-2, IL-8, IL-10, Tumor Necrosis Factor-, Interferon ƒ, IgG, IgM, and IgA levels in peripheral blood. Kaplan-Meier curves analyzed the cumulative probability of first-time RTI during the study. After the study, during the intervention, the probability of RTI, the times of RTI occurrences, the times of colds and the duration of RTI in children from the probiotic group were lower than those from the placebo group. The NK cell activity, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM), and the CD3+, CD4+/CD8+ T, CD4+ cells increased in the probiotic group, while the CD8+ T cells decreased. In the probiotic group, the IL-10 levels were higher than the levels before the intervention. However, if the results of the placebo group are compared, then none of the above obtained structural data has statistical value. IFN-ƒ levels in the probiotic group were higher than the ones in the placebo group.
{"title":"Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus rhamnosus Affecting Respiratory Infections and Immune Function in Children","authors":"Jingwen Wu, Lin He, Shumei Liang","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2364","url":null,"abstract":"The major content of this article is to make a detailed analysis of the effects of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus rhamnosus in pediatric RTI and immune function. 79 healthy children attended in Women’s & Children’s Central Hospital of Chengdu were enrolled.\u0000 They were partitioned into the probiotic group and the placebo group. The probiotic group was offered with the supplemental probiotic solid beverages (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus rhamnosus) every day, and this lasted for 12 weeks. The placebo group was offered with the solid beverages\u0000 without probiotics. Venous peripheral blood was taken on an empty stomach at 0 and 12 weeks, and flow cytometry measured the CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ lymphocyte levels and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios in peripheral blood. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detects interleukin-2, IL-8, IL-10, Tumor Necrosis\u0000 Factor-, Interferon ƒ, IgG, IgM, and IgA levels in peripheral blood. Kaplan-Meier curves analyzed the cumulative probability of first-time RTI during the study. After the study, during the intervention, the probability of RTI, the times of RTI occurrences, the times of colds and the duration\u0000 of RTI in children from the probiotic group were lower than those from the placebo group. The NK cell activity, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG and IgM), and the CD3+, CD4+/CD8+ T, CD4+ cells increased in the probiotic group, while the CD8+ T cells decreased. In the probiotic group, the IL-10 levels\u0000 were higher than the levels before the intervention. However, if the results of the placebo group are compared, then none of the above obtained structural data has statistical value. IFN-ƒ levels in the probiotic group were higher than the ones in the placebo group.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140091832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashraf Nagib, R. Sami, Huda Aljumayi, G. Alshehry, Eman Algarni, Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin, Saleh Al-Ghamdi, Zeyad M. Alharbi, Fawaz Aljuhani, I. M. Taha
This study demonstrates the changes in broccoli heads samples sensory, physicochemical, chemias blanching at 100 °C for 90 seconds, then dipping for 10 minutes in a coating solution concal, and microbial load after harvest. The samples were preserved using hurdles techniques such taining 0.15% potassium metabisulfite, 4% sodium chloride, 1% citric, 0.2% sodium benzoate and 1% chitosan. After coating samples were divided into two groups, one packaged using the aerobic method (A.P), and the other by vacuum method (V.P). Coated broccoli was stored at two conditions (ambient at 25 ± 3 °C and refrigeration at 4 ± 1 °C) for different period intervals. The control sample was blanched and packaged aerobically (uncoated). The combined treatments delayed the development loss of weight, titratable acid (TA), chlorophyll, and carotenoids, and prevented the growth of aerobic, anaerobic, psychrotrophic, coli form, mold, and yeast in the stored samples. Coated plus V.P. treatment demonstrated the highest weight, pigments, and TA values during storage. Further-more, it achieved the highest score in sensory evaluation after 50 and 240 days of both ambient and cold storage. Moreover, it inhibited the growth of tested microorganisms. So best treatment for the preservation of broccoli between 50 and 240 days of storage period was coated plus V.P. The combined technology application will lead to a safe product with optical shelf-life, improve microbial stability, and sensory quality. Thus, this technology is a technology that aims to improve the overall quality of food.
本研究展示了西兰花头样品收获后在感官、理化、化学方面的变化，先在 100 °C 下烫 90 秒，然后在涂层溶液中浸渍 10 分钟，最后在微生物负荷方面也发生了变化。样品采用防腐技术保存，如 0.15%焦亚硫酸钾、4%氯化钠、1%柠檬酸、0.2%苯甲酸钠和 1%壳聚糖。涂层后的样品分为两组，一组采用有氧法（A.P）包装，另一组采用真空法（V.P）包装。将涂有涂层的西兰花在两种条件下（25 ± 3 °C 的常温和 4 ± 1 °C 的冷藏）储存不同的时间间隔。对照样本则进行焯水和有氧包装（无涂层）。综合处理可延缓重量、可滴定酸（TA）、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的发育损失，并防止贮藏样品中需氧菌、厌氧菌、精神营养菌、大肠杆菌、霉菌和酵母菌的生长。涂层加 V.P. 处理在贮藏期间显示出最高的重量、色素和 TA 值。此外，在常温和低温贮藏 50 天和 240 天后，它的感官评价得分最高。此外，它还能抑制测试微生物的生长。因此，在 50 到 240 天的贮藏期内保存西兰花的最佳处理方法是涂层加 V.P.。因此，该技术是一项旨在提高食品整体质量的技术。
{"title":"Hurdles Techniques (Combined Effects): A Novel Approach for Enhanced Broccoli Florets Stability, Quality, and Safety","authors":"Ashraf Nagib, R. Sami, Huda Aljumayi, G. Alshehry, Eman Algarni, Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin, Saleh Al-Ghamdi, Zeyad M. Alharbi, Fawaz Aljuhani, I. M. Taha","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2024.2370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2024.2370","url":null,"abstract":"This study demonstrates the changes in broccoli heads samples sensory, physicochemical, chemias blanching at 100 °C for 90 seconds, then dipping for 10 minutes in a coating solution concal, and microbial load after harvest. The samples were preserved using hurdles techniques\u0000 such taining 0.15% potassium metabisulfite, 4% sodium chloride, 1% citric, 0.2% sodium benzoate and 1% chitosan. After coating samples were divided into two groups, one packaged using the aerobic method (A.P), and the other by vacuum method (V.P). Coated broccoli was stored at two conditions\u0000 (ambient at 25 ± 3 °C and refrigeration at 4 ± 1 °C) for different period intervals. The control sample was blanched and packaged aerobically (uncoated). The combined treatments delayed the development loss of weight, titratable acid (TA), chlorophyll,\u0000 and carotenoids, and prevented the growth of aerobic, anaerobic, psychrotrophic, coli form, mold, and yeast in the stored samples. Coated plus V.P. treatment demonstrated the highest weight, pigments, and TA values during storage. Further-more, it achieved the highest score in sensory evaluation\u0000 after 50 and 240 days of both ambient and cold storage. Moreover, it inhibited the growth of tested microorganisms. So best treatment for the preservation of broccoli between 50 and 240 days of storage period was coated plus V.P. The combined technology application will lead to a safe product\u0000 with optical shelf-life, improve microbial stability, and sensory quality. Thus, this technology is a technology that aims to improve the overall quality of food.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140084335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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