Improving the micro-ecological environment in urban rivers is crucial for preventing river black and odorous phenomena. This study examined the effectiveness of using CaO2 and microorganisms in treating urban rivers with black and odorous phenomena. The results indicated that this method had a high removal rate for ammonia nitrogen and COD in the overlying water, reaching 95.1% and 72.1%, respectively, and the dissolved oxygen concentration increased to 6.5 mg/L. The overall water quality met Class III water standards, and the sediment’s removal rates of AVS and organic matter were 87.4% and 33.3%, respectively, reducing the potential risk of black and odorous phenomena in the water. Amplicon sequencing analysis showed that the combination of CaO2 and microorganisms improved the micro-ecological environment of the sediment by increasing dissolved oxygen concentration, regulating redox potential, promoting oxidation of organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and sulfides, and inhibiting microorganisms that cause black and odorous phenomena.
{"title":"Research on Improving Urban River Micro-Ecological Environment by Combining CaO2 with Microorganisms","authors":"Zhichao Dong, Bin Li, Jinfang Hou, Yue Ma, Binbin Xu, Aimin Liu, Hao Wu","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2279","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the micro-ecological environment in urban rivers is crucial for preventing river black and odorous phenomena. This study examined the effectiveness of using CaO2 and microorganisms in treating urban rivers with black and odorous phenomena. The results indicated\u0000 that this method had a high removal rate for ammonia nitrogen and COD in the overlying water, reaching 95.1% and 72.1%, respectively, and the dissolved oxygen concentration increased to 6.5 mg/L. The overall water quality met Class III water standards, and the sediment’s removal rates\u0000 of AVS and organic matter were 87.4% and 33.3%, respectively, reducing the potential risk of black and odorous phenomena in the water. Amplicon sequencing analysis showed that the combination of CaO2 and microorganisms improved the micro-ecological environment of the sediment by\u0000 increasing dissolved oxygen concentration, regulating redox potential, promoting oxidation of organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and sulfides, and inhibiting microorganisms that cause black and odorous phenomena.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41597034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shahnaz Shahani, Zhongquan Gao, M. Korai, Mumtaz A. Qaisrani, S. Hussain, Mohammad Saleem, M. A. Shakoori
Pakistan is an emerging country facing energy crises due to its swiftly growing population. The energy sector is dominated by costly fossil fuels, which are quickly depleting, and threatening the environment. This study accentuates Pakistan’s current energy situation and future assessment of bioenergy potential through a comprehensive stoichiometry analysis. The paper access the tremendous potential to efficiently convert waste biomass into bioenergy as the most sustainable alternative to meet its energy demand. The results reveal that the total bioenergy potential of waste biomass has been determined as 44, 530 megawatt/1000 tonnes yearly contributed by municipal solid waste (17.21%), tree waste (22.95%), agriculture residues (18.85%), animal manure (19.67%) and other biomasses (21.32%). The conclusion shows bioenergy by 2030 prospects of 1.1–9% every year in the energy mix of Pakistan. Waste biomass will replace imported energy by reducing the burden in the range of 12–19%, 19–31%, 10–17%, and 1–2% on coal, oil, natural gas, electricity, and low-pressure gas (L.P.G.) in future by drafting the bioenergy policy framework for effective employment of renewable energy (biomass-based) production in Pakistan.
{"title":"Assessment of Bioenergy Potential of Waste Biomass Through Stoichiometry Analysis in Pakistan","authors":"Shahnaz Shahani, Zhongquan Gao, M. Korai, Mumtaz A. Qaisrani, S. Hussain, Mohammad Saleem, M. A. Shakoori","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2281","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is an emerging country facing energy crises due to its swiftly growing population. The energy sector is dominated by costly fossil fuels, which are quickly depleting, and threatening the environment. This study accentuates Pakistan’s current energy situation and future\u0000 assessment of bioenergy potential through a comprehensive stoichiometry analysis. The paper access the tremendous potential to efficiently convert waste biomass into bioenergy as the most sustainable alternative to meet its energy demand. The results reveal that the total bioenergy potential\u0000 of waste biomass has been determined as 44, 530 megawatt/1000 tonnes yearly contributed by municipal solid waste (17.21%), tree waste (22.95%), agriculture residues (18.85%), animal manure (19.67%) and other biomasses (21.32%). The conclusion shows bioenergy by 2030 prospects of 1.1–9%\u0000 every year in the energy mix of Pakistan. Waste biomass will replace imported energy by reducing the burden in the range of 12–19%, 19–31%, 10–17%, and 1–2% on coal, oil, natural gas, electricity, and low-pressure gas (L.P.G.) in future by drafting the bioenergy policy\u0000 framework for effective employment of renewable energy (biomass-based) production in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48833614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenqing Li, Chenjing Sun, Liping Wang, Dianyun Wang, Liang Li
To clarify whether Bushen Zhuangjin decoction (BSZJD) plus proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) effectively treats senile intertrochanteric femoral fracture (ITFF) under the fast-track diagnosis and treatment program for hip fractures. This study selected 64 older patients with ITFF and classified them into the observation group (Obs; n = 34) and control group (Con; n = 30) by random number table method. In addition to PFNA internal fixation implemented in both cohorts, routine treatment was given to the Con, while the Obs additionally received BSZJD. The perioperative basic conditions, complications, postoperative bed-rest duration, full weight-bearing time, and fracture healing time, together with the scores of visual analog scale (VAS), Harris Hip Score (HHS), callus healing X-ray, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome before and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation were compared between these groups. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) were also cultured to explore the osteogenesis mechanism of BSZJD. Preoperatively, the HHS and VAS scores were comparable in both groups (P >0.05), but both improved at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively, with Obs showing better improvements (P <0.05). The Obs also had better X-ray scores of callus healing and TCM syndrome scores at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (P <0.05) and a lower complication rate (11.76% vs. 33.33%) than the Con (P <0.05). Additionally, the duration of bed rest, hospitalization, full weight bearing, and fracture healing was shorter in the Obs than in the Con (P <0.05). Moreover, the BSZJD group had more BMP-2, Smad1, and Smad4 contents than the BMSCs cultured alone. Therefore, in the treatment of senile ITFF with PFNA under the fast-track diagnosis and treatment program, BSZJD showed remarkable effects, which contribute to well-recovered hip joint function, early ambulation, and reduced complications, with a promising clinical application value.
{"title":"Clinical Observation of the Use of Bushen Zhuangjin Decoction Plus Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation in Treating Senile Intertrochanteric Femoral Fracture Under Fast-Track Diagnosis and Treatment Program for Hip Fractures","authors":"Zhenqing Li, Chenjing Sun, Liping Wang, Dianyun Wang, Liang Li","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2284","url":null,"abstract":"To clarify whether Bushen Zhuangjin decoction (BSZJD) plus proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) effectively treats senile intertrochanteric femoral fracture (ITFF) under the fast-track diagnosis and treatment program for hip fractures. This study selected 64 older patients with\u0000 ITFF and classified them into the observation group (Obs; n = 34) and control group (Con; n = 30) by random number table method. In addition to PFNA internal fixation implemented in both cohorts, routine treatment was given to the Con, while the Obs additionally received BSZJD.\u0000 The perioperative basic conditions, complications, postoperative bed-rest duration, full weight-bearing time, and fracture healing time, together with the scores of visual analog scale (VAS), Harris Hip Score (HHS), callus healing X-ray, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome before\u0000 and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the operation were compared between these groups. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) were also cultured to explore the osteogenesis mechanism of BSZJD. Preoperatively, the HHS and VAS scores were comparable in both groups (P >0.05),\u0000 but both improved at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively, with Obs showing better improvements (P <0.05). The Obs also had better X-ray scores of callus healing and TCM syndrome scores at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively (P <0.05) and a lower complication rate (11.76%\u0000 vs. 33.33%) than the Con (P <0.05). Additionally, the duration of bed rest, hospitalization, full weight bearing, and fracture healing was shorter in the Obs than in the Con (P <0.05). Moreover, the BSZJD group had more BMP-2, Smad1, and Smad4 contents than the BMSCs cultured\u0000 alone. Therefore, in the treatment of senile ITFF with PFNA under the fast-track diagnosis and treatment program, BSZJD showed remarkable effects, which contribute to well-recovered hip joint function, early ambulation, and reduced complications, with a promising clinical application value.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46316289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A β-mannanase from Aspergillus usamii (A. usamii) belonging to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5 (abbreviated as AuMan5A) was selected as the research subject to enhance the enzyme protein’s thermotolerance and catalytic efficiency by replacing a random coil (loop) structure on the enzyme molecule. Furthermore, the correlation between the structure and function of β-mannanase was clarified. Homology modeling was used to simulate the three-dimensional structure of AuMan5A, and mannopentaose was docked in the AuMan5A substrate binding groove. Based on the spatial characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the complex structure, a non-conserved loop structure (Loop FG) was speculated to be involved in enzyme-substrate interactions. Therefore, Loop FG was selected as the modified region. Additionally, the corresponding fragments of Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Trichoderma harzianum β-mannanases were selected to replace the Loop FG sequence (316KSPDGGN322) of AuMan5A, respectively, based on the enzymological properties and structural characteristics of other fungal GH 5 family β-mannanases. Mutant enzyme bases were constructed by PCR, and using plasmid pPICZαA, the original and mutant enzymes were expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 to analyze the enzymological properties of the expressed products. Recombinant enzymes re-AuMan5A, re-AuMan5A-Af, re-AuMan5A-An, and re-AuMan5A-Th had an optimum temperature of 65 °C, 75 °C, 65 °C, and 70 °C, respectively. Their activity half-lives at 70 °C were 10 min, 480 min, 5 min, and 25 min, respectively, and their melting temperatures were 64.5 °C, 76.6 °C, 63.2 °C, and 69.1 °C, respectively. Re-AuMan5A-Af, re-AuMan5A-An, and re-AuMan5A-Th had a kcat/km (catalytic efficiency) value that was 12.7, 6.0, and 11.0 times higher than re-AuMan5A, respectively, with re-AuMan5A-Af exhibiting the best temperature characteristics and catalytic efficiency. The G320-to-D320 mutation of AuMan5A during loop structure replacement significantly affected AuMan5A/Af’s enzymological properties, suggesting the vital role of G320 in improving AuMan5A/Af’s thermostability, specific activity, and catalytic efficiency.
{"title":"Modification of a Thermostable β-mannanase and Its High-Efficiency Expression","authors":"Xiaochun Li","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2280","url":null,"abstract":"A β-mannanase from Aspergillus usamii (A. usamii) belonging to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5 (abbreviated as AuMan5A) was selected as the research subject to enhance the enzyme protein’s thermotolerance and catalytic efficiency by replacing\u0000 a random coil (loop) structure on the enzyme molecule. Furthermore, the correlation between the structure and function of β-mannanase was clarified. Homology modeling was used to simulate the three-dimensional structure of AuMan5A, and mannopentaose was docked in the AuMan5A\u0000 substrate binding groove. Based on the spatial characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the complex structure, a non-conserved loop structure (Loop FG) was speculated to be involved in enzyme-substrate interactions. Therefore, Loop FG was selected as the modified region. Additionally,\u0000 the corresponding fragments of Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Trichoderma harzianum β-mannanases were selected to replace the Loop FG sequence (316KSPDGGN322) of AuMan5A, respectively, based on the enzymological\u0000 properties and structural characteristics of other fungal GH 5 family β-mannanases. Mutant enzyme bases were constructed by PCR, and using plasmid pPICZαA, the original and mutant enzymes were expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 to analyze the enzymological properties\u0000 of the expressed products. Recombinant enzymes re-AuMan5A, re-AuMan5A-Af, re-AuMan5A-An, and re-AuMan5A-Th had an optimum temperature of 65 °C, 75 °C, 65 °C, and 70 °C, respectively. Their activity half-lives at 70 °C were 10 min, 480 min, 5\u0000 min, and 25 min, respectively, and their melting temperatures were 64.5 °C, 76.6 °C, 63.2 °C, and 69.1 °C, respectively. Re-AuMan5A-Af, re-AuMan5A-An, and re-AuMan5A-Th had a kcat/km (catalytic efficiency) value that\u0000 was 12.7, 6.0, and 11.0 times higher than re-AuMan5A, respectively, with re-AuMan5A-Af exhibiting the best temperature characteristics and catalytic efficiency. The G320-to-D320 mutation of AuMan5A during loop structure replacement significantly affected AuMan5A/Af’s\u0000 enzymological properties, suggesting the vital role of G320 in improving AuMan5A/Af’s thermostability, specific activity, and catalytic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46875058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anupam Amitabh, Vishal Kumar, Sanjay Kumar Jain, Vinita Kashyap, Rokayya Sami, Mahmoud Helal, N. I. Aljuraide, H. Uguru
Pulpers available in market have two concentric drums, one for sieving the crushed fruit pulp and other serve as housing. A motorized single drum brush type watermelon pulper was designed and fabricated unlike the available pulper in market. The pulper designed was simple, low cost, high capacity and easy to operate and required less cleaning effort and time. The pulper consist of the feed hopper, choppers, screw conveyor, cylindrical main housing with baffles, a perforated screen, juice outlet, waste outlet and a shaft with two beaters and nylon brushes. The auger conveyed the chopped fruit pieces while the beaters/brushes crushed, pressed and squeezed the fruits to extract the pulp. The motor, extraction unit shaft and chopper shaft had speed 1440, 360 and 90 respectively for effective pulp recovery. The developed pulper has an overall dimension of 890 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm and weighed 33.20 kg. The pulper has an average throughput of 1100 kg/h with an average extraction efficiency of 90.14 percent.
{"title":"Development and Performance Evaluation of Watermelon Pulper Based on Mechanical Action of Crushing and Shearing Force","authors":"Anupam Amitabh, Vishal Kumar, Sanjay Kumar Jain, Vinita Kashyap, Rokayya Sami, Mahmoud Helal, N. I. Aljuraide, H. Uguru","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2283","url":null,"abstract":"Pulpers available in market have two concentric drums, one for sieving the crushed fruit pulp and other serve as housing. A motorized single drum brush type watermelon pulper was designed and fabricated unlike the available pulper in market. The pulper designed was simple, low cost, high capacity and easy to operate and required less cleaning effort and time. The pulper consist of the feed hopper, choppers, screw conveyor, cylindrical main housing with baffles, a perforated screen, juice outlet, waste outlet and a shaft with two beaters and nylon brushes. The auger conveyed the chopped fruit pieces while the beaters/brushes crushed, pressed and squeezed the fruits to extract the pulp. The motor, extraction unit shaft and chopper shaft had speed 1440, 360 and 90 respectively for effective pulp recovery. The developed pulper has an overall dimension of 890 mm × 300 mm × 300 mm and weighed 33.20 kg. The pulper has an average throughput of 1100 kg/h with an average extraction efficiency of 90.14 percent.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135046023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The separation and identification of bioactive substances that come from natural resources have aroused increasing attention. Momordica charantia ( M. charantia ) has a variety of bio-activities, containing anti-oxidation, immune regulation, anti-tumor, radiation protection, anti-diabetes, and liver protection. After the extraction new substances from Momordica charantia , their treatment effect on lung cancer combined with Hedyotis diffusa was determined and the related mechanism was explored as well in this study. Firstly, the CCK-8 assay was conducted and the inhibition of the new substances combined with Hedyotis diffusa. Next, the real time RT-PCR was conducted and the relative expression of the VEGF in the cancer cells was determined. In addition, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of M. charantia is followed by the phylogenetic analysis.
{"title":"Therapeutic and Clinical Nursing Values of <i>Momordica charantia</i> Extracts Combined with <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> on Lung Cancer","authors":"Xin Lv, Linshui Zhou, Liying Xu","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2259","url":null,"abstract":"The separation and identification of bioactive substances that come from natural resources have aroused increasing attention. Momordica charantia ( M. charantia ) has a variety of bio-activities, containing anti-oxidation, immune regulation, anti-tumor, radiation protection, anti-diabetes, and liver protection. After the extraction new substances from Momordica charantia , their treatment effect on lung cancer combined with Hedyotis diffusa was determined and the related mechanism was explored as well in this study. Firstly, the CCK-8 assay was conducted and the inhibition of the new substances combined with Hedyotis diffusa. Next, the real time RT-PCR was conducted and the relative expression of the VEGF in the cancer cells was determined. In addition, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of M. charantia is followed by the phylogenetic analysis.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135046024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Li, Sheng-guang Xu, Zebin Chen, Z. Fan, Huan-Jin Ma, Yongzhong Hong, Sheng-Yue Yi, Chui-Si Kong
The unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer as abiotic stress can affect the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the synthesis of related substances, thereby affecting the antioxidant systems mediated by Ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), S-Nitrosothiols (SNOs) in tobacco plants. Up to now, further research is needed on the impact of chemical fertilizer application on the above antioxidant system in tobacco plants. In this study, the flue-cured tobacco cultivar ‘Yunyan 87’ (Nicotiana tabacum L.) was used as the material. The content of non-enzyme antioxidants and related enzyme activities of AsA-GSH cycle system, the content of MeJA and SNOs in tobacco leaves, as well as tobacco yield were detected, to study the effects of different amount of fertilizer application (T1 = 30 g/plant, T2 = 45 g/plant, T3 = 60 g/plant) on related indicators of antioxidant system. The results indicated that the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (AsA and GSH) and the activities of related enzymes in the AsA-GSH cycle, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) exhibited first increased and then decreased with increasing amount of fertilizer application. Most of the treatments showed significant differences. T3 treatment markedly reduced MeJA content compared to T1 and T2 treatments. With the increase of fertilizer application, the content of SNOs and the activity of S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) in tobacco leaves exhibited an initial increase, followed by a decrease, and finally increasing trend, with notable differences among most treatments. Tobacco yield markedly decreased in the T1 treatment compared to the T2 and T3 treatments; however, no obvious difference between T2 and T3 treatments. Altogether, the fertilizer application of T1 (30 g/plant) was too low, which was not conducive to the synthesis of antioxidant substances in tobacco leaves. However, the fertilizer application amount of T3 (60 g/plant) was attributed to excessive application, which caused high salt stress on the growth of tobacco plants. This study provides a basic reference for optimizing fertilizer application in tobacco production.
{"title":"The Impact of Chemical Fertilizer Application on Ascorbic Acid-Glutathione Cycle, Methyl Jasmonate and Nitrosoglutathione Related Substances of Antioxidant Systems in Tobacco","authors":"Yu Li, Sheng-guang Xu, Zebin Chen, Z. Fan, Huan-Jin Ma, Yongzhong Hong, Sheng-Yue Yi, Chui-Si Kong","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2275","url":null,"abstract":"The unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer as abiotic stress can affect the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the synthesis of related substances, thereby affecting the antioxidant systems mediated by Ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, Methyl jasmonate (MeJA),\u0000 S-Nitrosothiols (SNOs) in tobacco plants. Up to now, further research is needed on the impact of chemical fertilizer application on the above antioxidant system in tobacco plants. In this study, the flue-cured tobacco cultivar ‘Yunyan 87’ (Nicotiana tabacum L.) was used\u0000 as the material. The content of non-enzyme antioxidants and related enzyme activities of AsA-GSH cycle system, the content of MeJA and SNOs in tobacco leaves, as well as tobacco yield were detected, to study the effects of different amount of fertilizer application (T1 = 30 g/plant, T2 = 45\u0000 g/plant, T3 = 60 g/plant) on related indicators of antioxidant system. The results indicated that the content of non-enzymatic antioxidants (AsA and GSH) and the activities of related enzymes in the AsA-GSH cycle, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and monodehydroascorbate\u0000 reductase (MDHAR) exhibited first increased and then decreased with increasing amount of fertilizer application. Most of the treatments showed significant differences. T3 treatment markedly reduced MeJA content compared to T1 and T2 treatments. With the increase of fertilizer application,\u0000 the content of SNOs and the activity of S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) in tobacco leaves exhibited an initial increase, followed by a decrease, and finally increasing trend, with notable differences among most treatments. Tobacco yield markedly decreased in the T1 treatment compared\u0000 to the T2 and T3 treatments; however, no obvious difference between T2 and T3 treatments. Altogether, the fertilizer application of T1 (30 g/plant) was too low, which was not conducive to the synthesis of antioxidant substances in tobacco leaves. However, the fertilizer application amount\u0000 of T3 (60 g/plant) was attributed to excessive application, which caused high salt stress on the growth of tobacco plants. This study provides a basic reference for optimizing fertilizer application in tobacco production.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45864328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through orthogonal test and single factor experiment, biochar (BC) was ready by exploitation cyanobacterial sludge and bagasse to explore the potential of changing completely different energy at different carbonization temperatures and the result of Cr(VI) removal by BC. Biochar was prepared from dried cyanobacterial sludge and bagasse under 500 °C, 400 °C and 300 °C at 3.0 h, 2.5 h and 2.0 h under high temperature limited oxygen, respectively. Orthogonal experiments were used to conduct L9(34) three-factor and three-level experiments. Combined with single factor experiments, the optimal combination conditions for Cr(VI) removal were explored. Solid-state energy mainly was in the form of biochar yield. Higher temperature and content of biochar from bagasse had lower solid-state energy by biochar yield (44.00%±0.35%). Cyanobacterial sludge has wide application prospect and nice potential and application prospect in energy conversion. The dismissal of Cr(VI) with biochar was the primary to extend, and so decrease with the rise of charring temperature. The highest expulsion of Cr(VI) was attained once the mass quantitative relation of mixed biochar was 3:1. With a charring time of 2.5 hours, a charring temperature of 400 °C, and a biochar mass quantitative relation of 3:1, up to 98% of Cr(VI) was removed most effectively. Medium temperature biochar and biochar prepared from the mixture of cyanobacteria sludge and bagasse are beneficial to the production of solid energy. Cyanobacterial sludge-based biochar has broad application prospects, especially in energy conversion. In the orthogonal experiment, the sequence of influences of various factors on Cr(VI) removal rate was as follows: carbonation temperature > carbonation time > biochar ratio. The following were the ideal conditions for removing Cr(VI) from biochar: acieration temperature (400 °C), acieration time (2.5 hours), and biochar mass-quantity ratio of 3:1.
{"title":"The Opportunity of Cyanobacterial Sludge and Bagasse Biomass Energy in the Biggest Change in a Century","authors":"Lin Xu, Zhenye Mu, Shaohua Liao","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2277","url":null,"abstract":"Through orthogonal test and single factor experiment, biochar (BC) was ready by exploitation cyanobacterial sludge and bagasse to explore the potential of changing completely different energy at different carbonization temperatures and the result of Cr(VI) removal by BC. Biochar was\u0000 prepared from dried cyanobacterial sludge and bagasse under 500 °C, 400 °C and 300 °C at 3.0 h, 2.5 h and 2.0 h under high temperature limited oxygen, respectively. Orthogonal experiments were used to conduct L9(34) three-factor and three-level experiments.\u0000 Combined with single factor experiments, the optimal combination conditions for Cr(VI) removal were explored. Solid-state energy mainly was in the form of biochar yield. Higher temperature and content of biochar from bagasse had lower solid-state energy by biochar yield (44.00%±0.35%).\u0000 Cyanobacterial sludge has wide application prospect and nice potential and application prospect in energy conversion. The dismissal of Cr(VI) with biochar was the primary to extend, and so decrease with the rise of charring temperature. The highest expulsion of Cr(VI) was attained once the\u0000 mass quantitative relation of mixed biochar was 3:1. With a charring time of 2.5 hours, a charring temperature of 400 °C, and a biochar mass quantitative relation of 3:1, up to 98% of Cr(VI) was removed most effectively. Medium temperature biochar and biochar prepared from the mixture\u0000 of cyanobacteria sludge and bagasse are beneficial to the production of solid energy. Cyanobacterial sludge-based biochar has broad application prospects, especially in energy conversion. In the orthogonal experiment, the sequence of influences of various factors on Cr(VI) removal rate was\u0000 as follows: carbonation temperature > carbonation time > biochar ratio. The following were the ideal conditions for removing Cr(VI) from biochar: acieration temperature (400 °C), acieration time (2.5 hours), and biochar mass-quantity ratio of 3:1.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46210432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanjing Wang, Hecang Zang, Bao-ting Fang, Jun-qin Yue, Simeng Du, Haiyang Jin, Cheng Yang, D. Zhang, Han-fang Wang, Yun-hui Shao, Xiang-dong Li
Drought is one of the major disasters affecting wheat. The change of wheat yield and quality directly affects the global population diet health. In this study, Strigolactones (SL) were sprayed on the leaf surface to study the relationship between wheat photosynthesis, nitrogen transport and yield and quality formation, further clarifying the influence of Sl on the synergic formation of yield and quality. The results showed that Sl could promote the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in leaves, reduce nitrogen content in aging leaves and improve nitrogen transport level, then promote the improvement of grain yield and quality, so as to provide a reference for the application of Sl in wheat stress-resistant cultivation.
{"title":"The Yield and Quality Formation of Wheat Induced by Exogenous Strigolactones in Drought Condition","authors":"Yanjing Wang, Hecang Zang, Bao-ting Fang, Jun-qin Yue, Simeng Du, Haiyang Jin, Cheng Yang, D. Zhang, Han-fang Wang, Yun-hui Shao, Xiang-dong Li","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2285","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is one of the major disasters affecting wheat. The change of wheat yield and quality directly affects the global population diet health. In this study, Strigolactones (SL) were sprayed on the leaf surface to study the relationship between wheat photosynthesis, nitrogen transport\u0000 and yield and quality formation, further clarifying the influence of Sl on the synergic formation of yield and quality. The results showed that Sl could promote the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments in leaves, reduce nitrogen content in aging leaves and improve nitrogen transport level,\u0000 then promote the improvement of grain yield and quality, so as to provide a reference for the application of Sl in wheat stress-resistant cultivation.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42241494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yetao Jiang, Zhiyi Shen, Cheng Bu, Zhanghua Wu, Xiaoyu Wang, Lei Hu
Low-temperature carbonization is usually used to decompose bamboo hemicellulose to improve anti-decay and anti-mildew properties of bamboo board. Since xylan extraction from bamboo can produce xylo-oligosaccharides, there is a good coupling point between bamboo desaccharification and xylo-oligosaccharide production. In this study, the solution of xylan in bamboo and the controllable degree of polymerization hydrolysis could be achieved by solid base catalytic hydrothermal desugar treatment as well as the mechanical properties of bamboo could be maintained. The yield of xylan was up to 16.8% by appropriate alkali-suppressed method. In addition, the color of the desugared bamboo board was lighter, which was applicable to a wide range. Compared with carbonized bamboo board, the key mechanical properties of desugared bamboo board were significantly improved by 2 to 4 times. Under the same conditions, the anti-decay and anti-mildew properties of d desugared bamboo board were better than those of carbonized bamboo board as well. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the feasibility of hydrothermal desaccharification coupling for the preparation of outdoor reconstituted-bamboo-board.
{"title":"Coupling Preparation of Reconstituted-Bamboo-Board and Xylooligosaccharide via Hydrothermal Desaccharification Catalyzed by Slight Solid Alkali","authors":"Yetao Jiang, Zhiyi Shen, Cheng Bu, Zhanghua Wu, Xiaoyu Wang, Lei Hu","doi":"10.1166/jbmb.2023.2273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2023.2273","url":null,"abstract":"Low-temperature carbonization is usually used to decompose bamboo hemicellulose to improve anti-decay and anti-mildew properties of bamboo board. Since xylan extraction from bamboo can produce xylo-oligosaccharides, there is a good coupling point between bamboo desaccharification and\u0000 xylo-oligosaccharide production. In this study, the solution of xylan in bamboo and the controllable degree of polymerization hydrolysis could be achieved by solid base catalytic hydrothermal desugar treatment as well as the mechanical properties of bamboo could be maintained. The yield of\u0000 xylan was up to 16.8% by appropriate alkali-suppressed method. In addition, the color of the desugared bamboo board was lighter, which was applicable to a wide range. Compared with carbonized bamboo board, the key mechanical properties of desugared bamboo board were significantly improved\u0000 by 2 to 4 times. Under the same conditions, the anti-decay and anti-mildew properties of d desugared bamboo board were better than those of carbonized bamboo board as well. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the feasibility of hydrothermal desaccharification coupling for the preparation\u0000 of outdoor reconstituted-bamboo-board.","PeriodicalId":15157,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45730603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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