Conclusions in literature regarding the effect of Autism on the size of different brain structures are contradictory. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Autism on the volumes of different brain subcortical structures, and the age stage at which those changes occur. 7 main brain structures were segmented and their volumes were obtained. Volumes and the ratio of the volume to total brain volume (SBR) were compared in Autism group to their corresponding values in Control group. Then, each group was divided into 4 subgroups based on age; the comparison was repeated for each subgroup. Independent t-test was used to determine if significant differences existed between compared groups. Significant reductions were observed in the SBR of Autistic Pallidum and Accumbens compared to Control group when considering the full range of ages (5–25 years). However, Amygdala’s volume was significantly smaller in Autism in the 5–8 year subgroup. In addition, the SBR of Putaman, Pallidum, Hippocampus, and Accumbens were reduced in the 18–25 year Autism subgroup. In conclusion, the alteration in the ratio of structure’s volume to total brain volume is a better indicator of Autism diagnosis than change in the absolute volume alone.
{"title":"Volumetric Alterations in Brain Structures Caused by Autism during Different Age Stages","authors":"I. Masad, Lamis R. Banyissa, A. M. Alqudah","doi":"10.4028/p-yjqi3j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-yjqi3j","url":null,"abstract":"Conclusions in literature regarding the effect of Autism on the size of different brain structures are contradictory. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Autism on the volumes of different brain subcortical structures, and the age stage at which those changes occur. 7 main brain structures were segmented and their volumes were obtained. Volumes and the ratio of the volume to total brain volume (SBR) were compared in Autism group to their corresponding values in Control group. Then, each group was divided into 4 subgroups based on age; the comparison was repeated for each subgroup. Independent t-test was used to determine if significant differences existed between compared groups. Significant reductions were observed in the SBR of Autistic Pallidum and Accumbens compared to Control group when considering the full range of ages (5–25 years). However, Amygdala’s volume was significantly smaller in Autism in the 5–8 year subgroup. In addition, the SBR of Putaman, Pallidum, Hippocampus, and Accumbens were reduced in the 18–25 year Autism subgroup. In conclusion, the alteration in the ratio of structure’s volume to total brain volume is a better indicator of Autism diagnosis than change in the absolute volume alone.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To improve the human-machine cooperativity of a wearable lower limb exoskeleton, a gait recognition method based on surface electromyography (sEMG) was proposed. sEMG of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus and biceps femoris were acquired. Then, time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency domain and nonlinear features were extracted. The integrated value of electromyography, variance, root mean square and wavelength were selected as the time domain features and the frequency domain feature includes mean power frequency. Wavelet packet energy was selected as the time-frequency domain feature. Nonlinear features including approximate entropy, sample entropy and fuzzy entropy of sEMG were extracted. Classification accuracy of different feature matrices and different muscle groups were constructed and verified. The optimal multi-dimensional fusion feature matrix was determined. Introducing the Bayesian optimization algorithm, the Bayesian optimized Random Forest classification model was constructed to identify different gait phases. Comparing with Random Forest, the accuracy of the optimized Random Forest was improved by 5.89%. Applying Random Forest algorithm with Bayesian optimization to gait prediction based on sEMG, the followership and consistency of gait control in lower limb exoskeleton can be improved. This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.
为了提高可穿戴下肢外骨骼的人机协作性，提出了一种基于表面肌电图（sEMG）的步态识别方法。然后提取时域、频域、时频域和非线性特征。时域特征选择肌电图综合值、方差、均方根和波长，频域特征包括平均功率频率。小波包能量被选为时频域特征。提取的非线性特征包括 sEMG 的近似熵、样本熵和模糊熵。构建并验证了不同特征矩阵和不同肌群的分类准确性。确定了最佳多维融合特征矩阵。引入贝叶斯优化算法，构建了贝叶斯优化随机森林分类模型来识别不同的步态阶段。与随机森林相比，优化随机森林的准确率提高了 5.89%。将贝叶斯优化的随机森林算法应用于基于sEMG的步态预测，可以提高下肢外骨骼步态控制的跟随性和一致性。本模板解释并演示了如何为 Trans Tech Publications 准备可上镜的论文。最好的办法是阅读这些说明并按照本文的提纲进行。
{"title":"Adaptive Random Forest for Gait Prediction in Lower Limb Exoskeleton","authors":"Xu Dong Guo, Feng Qi Zhong, Jian Ru Xiao, Zhen Hua Zhou, Wei Xu","doi":"10.4028/p-q2hybx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-q2hybx","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the human-machine cooperativity of a wearable lower limb exoskeleton, a gait recognition method based on surface electromyography (sEMG) was proposed. sEMG of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, semitendinosus and biceps femoris were acquired. Then, time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency domain and nonlinear features were extracted. The integrated value of electromyography, variance, root mean square and wavelength were selected as the time domain features and the frequency domain feature includes mean power frequency. Wavelet packet energy was selected as the time-frequency domain feature. Nonlinear features including approximate entropy, sample entropy and fuzzy entropy of sEMG were extracted. Classification accuracy of different feature matrices and different muscle groups were constructed and verified. The optimal multi-dimensional fusion feature matrix was determined. Introducing the Bayesian optimization algorithm, the Bayesian optimized Random Forest classification model was constructed to identify different gait phases. Comparing with Random Forest, the accuracy of the optimized Random Forest was improved by 5.89%. Applying Random Forest algorithm with Bayesian optimization to gait prediction based on sEMG, the followership and consistency of gait control in lower limb exoskeleton can be improved. This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen Ting Wang, Yun Qing Gu, Ling Zhi Yu, Zhuofan Yin, Zhou Li, Deng Hao Wu, Jie Gang Mou, Shui Hua Zheng, Hui Jie Zhou
The use of bionic drag-reducing microstructures in artificial blood vessels can effectively reduce their resistance to blood flow. The characteristics of the blood vessel are analysed and simplified, and the resistance reduction effects of three bionic microstructure models, namely V-shaped, rectangular and semi-circular, are compared and analysed by numerical simulations, and the resistance reduction effects of the three groove structures in the tubular model are verified. The results show that the V-shaped groove structure occupies a smaller volume compared to the rectangular and semi-circular structures of the same size, has a significant drag reduction effect, is highly achievable and stable, and is the best choice as a drag reduction microstructure for artificial blood vessels. In addition, the wall shear stresses of the V-groove structure were further analysed to verify the shear effect of this microstructure in artificial blood vessels and to reveal the shear mechanism of the V-groove microstructure.
在人造血管中使用仿生减阻微结构可有效降低其对血液流动的阻力。分析并简化了血管的特性，通过数值模拟对比分析了 V 形、矩形和半圆形三种仿生微结构模型的减阻效果，并验证了三种沟槽结构在管状模型中的减阻效果。结果表明，与相同尺寸的矩形和半圆形结构相比，V 形凹槽结构所占体积更小，减阻效果显著，可实现性和稳定性高，是人工血管减阻微结构的最佳选择。此外，还进一步分析了 V 形槽结构的壁面剪应力，以验证这种微结构在人造血管中的剪切效应，并揭示 V 形槽微结构的剪切机理。
{"title":"Numerical Simulation Study on the Effect of Resistance Microstructure on Blood Flow Resistance","authors":"Wen Ting Wang, Yun Qing Gu, Ling Zhi Yu, Zhuofan Yin, Zhou Li, Deng Hao Wu, Jie Gang Mou, Shui Hua Zheng, Hui Jie Zhou","doi":"10.4028/p-ymq40w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ymq40w","url":null,"abstract":"The use of bionic drag-reducing microstructures in artificial blood vessels can effectively reduce their resistance to blood flow. The characteristics of the blood vessel are analysed and simplified, and the resistance reduction effects of three bionic microstructure models, namely V-shaped, rectangular and semi-circular, are compared and analysed by numerical simulations, and the resistance reduction effects of the three groove structures in the tubular model are verified. The results show that the V-shaped groove structure occupies a smaller volume compared to the rectangular and semi-circular structures of the same size, has a significant drag reduction effect, is highly achievable and stable, and is the best choice as a drag reduction microstructure for artificial blood vessels. In addition, the wall shear stresses of the V-groove structure were further analysed to verify the shear effect of this microstructure in artificial blood vessels and to reveal the shear mechanism of the V-groove microstructure.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. R. Fitri, Yendriwati Yendriwati, Pocut Astari, Diniaturahmi Diniaturahmi, A. Primasari
The crucial role of saliva in the prevention of dental caries is associated with the regulation of its flow rate as well as salivary protein. Black tea, derived from the plant Camellia sinensis, contains catechins and has been shown to have a beneficial effect on saliva in preventing tooth decay. Nevertheless, research on the oral health benefits of black tea is still limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of black tea (Camellia sinensis) on salivary pH (potential hydrogen), salivary flow rate, lysozyme, and sIgA levels in caries and caries-free patients. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and a post-test. Twenty six subjects (male or female) were selected and divided into two groups (caries and caries free), thirteen subjects for each. Saliva samples were obtained before and thirty minutes after tea consumption. The flow rate of saliva was measured by dividing the weight of saliva collected by the time. At the same time, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The t-dependent and t-independent tests and Mann-Whitney tests were selected to evaluate the effect of drinking black tea on salivary flow rate and sIgA value. The results showed that black tea significantly increased salivary flow rate but did not significantly affect the concentration of sIgA. No statistically significant differences in salivary flow rate and sIgA were observed between patients with and without caries after tea consumption. Although the concentration of sIgA did not demonstrate a significant change, however, the salivary flow rate was significantly enhanced. Therefore, drinking black tea did not negatively affect the saliva in the oral cavity, suggesting it can be a good option for daily consumption due to its protective role against dental caries.
{"title":"The Influence of Black Tea on Secretory IgA from Saliva in Caries and Caries-Free Subjects","authors":"A. R. Fitri, Yendriwati Yendriwati, Pocut Astari, Diniaturahmi Diniaturahmi, A. Primasari","doi":"10.4028/p-b3v5u6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-b3v5u6","url":null,"abstract":"The crucial role of saliva in the prevention of dental caries is associated with the regulation of its flow rate as well as salivary protein. Black tea, derived from the plant Camellia sinensis, contains catechins and has been shown to have a beneficial effect on saliva in preventing tooth decay. Nevertheless, research on the oral health benefits of black tea is still limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of black tea (Camellia sinensis) on salivary pH (potential hydrogen), salivary flow rate, lysozyme, and sIgA levels in caries and caries-free patients. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and a post-test. Twenty six subjects (male or female) were selected and divided into two groups (caries and caries free), thirteen subjects for each. Saliva samples were obtained before and thirty minutes after tea consumption. The flow rate of saliva was measured by dividing the weight of saliva collected by the time. At the same time, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The t-dependent and t-independent tests and Mann-Whitney tests were selected to evaluate the effect of drinking black tea on salivary flow rate and sIgA value. The results showed that black tea significantly increased salivary flow rate but did not significantly affect the concentration of sIgA. No statistically significant differences in salivary flow rate and sIgA were observed between patients with and without caries after tea consumption. Although the concentration of sIgA did not demonstrate a significant change, however, the salivary flow rate was significantly enhanced. Therefore, drinking black tea did not negatively affect the saliva in the oral cavity, suggesting it can be a good option for daily consumption due to its protective role against dental caries.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tran Anh Vu, Do Thi Thu Phuong, H. Q. Huy, N. Kien, Pham Thi Viet Huong
Sleep apnea (SA) is considered one of the most dangerous sleep disorders. That happens when a person is sleeping, his or her breathing repeatedly stops and starts. In order to develop therapies and management strategies that will be effective in treating SA, it is critical to precisely diagnose sleep apnea episodes. In this study, the single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), one of the most physiologically pertinent markers for SA, is analyzed to identify the SA issue. In this paper, a novel signal processing method is proposed, in which noise filtering is added and the detection of R peaks is utilized. Particularly, the Teager Energy Operator (TEO) algorithm is applied to detect R peaks and then obtain the RR intervals and amplitudes. Afterward, the SE-ResNeXt 50 deep learning model, which has never been used in SA detection before, is used as a classifier to perform the objective. The proposed model, which is a variation of ResNet 50, has the ability to use global information to highlight helpful information while allowing for feature recalibration. In order to confirm the proposed method, the benchmark dataset PhysioNet ECG Sleep Apnea v1.0.0 is used. Results are better than current research, with 89.21% accuracy, 90.29% sensitivity, and 87.36% specificity. This is also clear evidence that the ECG signals can be taken advantage of to efficiently detect SA.
睡眠呼吸暂停（SA）被认为是最危险的睡眠障碍之一。当一个人睡觉时，呼吸会反复停止和开始。为了开发有效治疗睡眠呼吸暂停的疗法和管理策略，精确诊断睡眠呼吸暂停发作至关重要。在本研究中，通过分析单导联心电图（ECG）这一与睡眠呼吸暂停最相关的生理标记物来确定睡眠呼吸暂停问题。本文提出了一种新颖的信号处理方法，其中加入了噪声过滤和 R 峰检测。特别是应用 Teager Energy Operator（TEO）算法检测 R 峰，然后获得 RR 间隔和振幅。之后，将从未在 SA 检测中使用过的 SE-ResNeXt 50 深度学习模型用作分类器来实现目标。所提出的模型是 ResNet 50 的变体，能够利用全局信息突出有用信息，同时允许特征重新校准。为了证实所提出的方法，使用了基准数据集 PhysioNet ECG Sleep Apnea v1.0.0。结果优于目前的研究，准确率为 89.21%，灵敏度为 90.29%，特异性为 87.36%。这也清楚地证明，可以利用心电信号来有效检测 SA。
{"title":"A Sleep Apnea Detection Methodology Based on SE-ResNeXt Model Using Single-Lead ECG","authors":"Tran Anh Vu, Do Thi Thu Phuong, H. Q. Huy, N. Kien, Pham Thi Viet Huong","doi":"10.4028/p-cbr55f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-cbr55f","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep apnea (SA) is considered one of the most dangerous sleep disorders. That happens when a person is sleeping, his or her breathing repeatedly stops and starts. In order to develop therapies and management strategies that will be effective in treating SA, it is critical to precisely diagnose sleep apnea episodes. In this study, the single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), one of the most physiologically pertinent markers for SA, is analyzed to identify the SA issue. In this paper, a novel signal processing method is proposed, in which noise filtering is added and the detection of R peaks is utilized. Particularly, the Teager Energy Operator (TEO) algorithm is applied to detect R peaks and then obtain the RR intervals and amplitudes. Afterward, the SE-ResNeXt 50 deep learning model, which has never been used in SA detection before, is used as a classifier to perform the objective. The proposed model, which is a variation of ResNet 50, has the ability to use global information to highlight helpful information while allowing for feature recalibration. In order to confirm the proposed method, the benchmark dataset PhysioNet ECG Sleep Apnea v1.0.0 is used. Results are better than current research, with 89.21% accuracy, 90.29% sensitivity, and 87.36% specificity. This is also clear evidence that the ECG signals can be taken advantage of to efficiently detect SA.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 64","authors":"","doi":"10.4028/b-es7wrk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/b-es7wrk","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the context of this numerical study is particularly to analyze and observe the effect of mechanical properties and masticatory efforts on the intensity and distribution of biomechanical stresses induced in the mandibular bone (the cortical bone, the spongy bone) and in the elements which constitute the structure of the dental bridge (abutments, implants, bridge). The 3D model studied is subjected to loading in the three directions of space (corrono-apical, disto-medial, bucolingual). The numerical analysis allowed us to highlight the localization of the stress concentration zones, on the one hand, at the level of the regions of contact between the elements of the dental bridge structure and on the other hand, at the level of the mandibular bone. This parametric approach for the mechanical properties of bridges is used to better visualize and quantify the biomechanical behavior of dental bridges.
{"title":"Influence of Mechanical Properties of Dental Implants on Biomechanical Behavior: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Youcef Goradia, Sadek Gouasmi, Sid Ahmed Reffas","doi":"10.4028/p-g22co2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-g22co2","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of this numerical study is particularly to analyze and observe the effect of mechanical properties and masticatory efforts on the intensity and distribution of biomechanical stresses induced in the mandibular bone (the cortical bone, the spongy bone) and in the elements which constitute the structure of the dental bridge (abutments, implants, bridge). The 3D model studied is subjected to loading in the three directions of space (corrono-apical, disto-medial, bucolingual). The numerical analysis allowed us to highlight the localization of the stress concentration zones, on the one hand, at the level of the regions of contact between the elements of the dental bridge structure and on the other hand, at the level of the mandibular bone. This parametric approach for the mechanical properties of bridges is used to better visualize and quantify the biomechanical behavior of dental bridges.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140716344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ihuoma V. Diwe, Olurotimi A. Adeleye, Henry E. Mgbemere
The computational studies of a predictive mathematical model for the extraction of interstitial (ISF) for transdermal and non-invasive diagnosis using biodegradable and hollow microneedle patch is presented in this paper. Rapid Diagnostic Tests diagnosis, which is non-invasive, affordable, straightforward, and provides results promptly and reliably, has increased access to parasite-based analysis on a global scale. Microneedle arrays are a rapidly evolving and promising technology for transdermal interstitial fluid extraction, which is used for many clinical diagnostic procedures. Hence, a developed mathematical predictive model used to optimize the design of microneedle patch for transdermal ISF extraction and subsequent diagnosis using dissolvable microneedle arrays was applied in this study. The model's solutions were obtained using the Differential Transform Method. The numerical Runge-Kutta method of fourth order was used to validate it. An experimental test result was also used to further validate the analytical results in the absence of the extracted velocity parameter. And there was a good agreement among them. Influence of dissolution rate constant, microneedle height, diffusion coefficient, velocity of ISF, microneedle ISF drug load, and density of the microneedle; were investigated. Increase in diffusion coefficient and density led to an increase in concentration of ISF extracted over time, an increase in dissolution rate led to a decrease in concentration extracted, while decrease in drug load and height, led to increase in ISF concentration extracted. A negligible effect was observed by varying the velocity of ISF extracted. The approximate analytical approach utilized in the current work has given us a more precise strategy for creating a mathematical model that predicts how ISF will be extracted from skin for use in transdermal and non-invasive rapid diagnostic tests.
{"title":"Analytical Study of Interstitial Fluid Extractive Microneedle Arrays Using Differential Transform Method","authors":"Ihuoma V. Diwe, Olurotimi A. Adeleye, Henry E. Mgbemere","doi":"10.4028/p-2spruh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2spruh","url":null,"abstract":"The computational studies of a predictive mathematical model for the extraction of interstitial (ISF) for transdermal and non-invasive diagnosis using biodegradable and hollow microneedle patch is presented in this paper. Rapid Diagnostic Tests diagnosis, which is non-invasive, affordable, straightforward, and provides results promptly and reliably, has increased access to parasite-based analysis on a global scale. Microneedle arrays are a rapidly evolving and promising technology for transdermal interstitial fluid extraction, which is used for many clinical diagnostic procedures. Hence, a developed mathematical predictive model used to optimize the design of microneedle patch for transdermal ISF extraction and subsequent diagnosis using dissolvable microneedle arrays was applied in this study. The model's solutions were obtained using the Differential Transform Method. The numerical Runge-Kutta method of fourth order was used to validate it. An experimental test result was also used to further validate the analytical results in the absence of the extracted velocity parameter. And there was a good agreement among them. Influence of dissolution rate constant, microneedle height, diffusion coefficient, velocity of ISF, microneedle ISF drug load, and density of the microneedle; were investigated. Increase in diffusion coefficient and density led to an increase in concentration of ISF extracted over time, an increase in dissolution rate led to a decrease in concentration extracted, while decrease in drug load and height, led to increase in ISF concentration extracted. A negligible effect was observed by varying the velocity of ISF extracted. The approximate analytical approach utilized in the current work has given us a more precise strategy for creating a mathematical model that predicts how ISF will be extracted from skin for use in transdermal and non-invasive rapid diagnostic tests.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Duday, S. Nandyala, A. Shidiq, Thangaprakash Sengodan
{"title":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 63","authors":"David Duday, S. Nandyala, A. Shidiq, Thangaprakash Sengodan","doi":"10.4028/b-q6rjge","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/b-q6rjge","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139289995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cerebral stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of death and disability in the world, and more than half of these patients have hand dysfunction, making hand rehabilitation an urgent challenge. In this study, a system for hand rehabilitation therapy for stroke patients was designed using novel human-computer interaction technology. The system combines a brain-computer interface, a deep learning algorithm and a rehabilitation glove, and designs an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal acquisition card and a rehabilitation glove to realise the application of motor imagery therapy to the active rehabilitation of patients' hands. On the brain-computer interface-based motor imagery experiments, the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network algorithm designed in this study achieves an average accuracy of 95.78% for the classification accuracy of mental tasks in seven motor imagery modes, which is important for the active rehabilitation of patients with hand function based on motor imagery-driven rehabilitation.
{"title":"Active Rehabilitation Gloves Based on Brain-Computer Interfaces and Deep Learning","authors":"Jia Hua Zhu, Xing Zhao Shi, Xing Yue Cheng, Qi Rui Yang, Ruo Xiu Xiao","doi":"10.4028/p-2jc2qf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2jc2qf","url":null,"abstract":"Cerebral stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of death and disability in the world, and more than half of these patients have hand dysfunction, making hand rehabilitation an urgent challenge. In this study, a system for hand rehabilitation therapy for stroke patients was designed using novel human-computer interaction technology. The system combines a brain-computer interface, a deep learning algorithm and a rehabilitation glove, and designs an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal acquisition card and a rehabilitation glove to realise the application of motor imagery therapy to the active rehabilitation of patients' hands. On the brain-computer interface-based motor imagery experiments, the Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network algorithm designed in this study achieves an average accuracy of 95.78% for the classification accuracy of mental tasks in seven motor imagery modes, which is important for the active rehabilitation of patients with hand function based on motor imagery-driven rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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