Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash has a poor taste during and after rinsing which makes its users dissatisfied. Therefore, the product must be improved to have a better taste and still retain its effectiveness against oral pathogens. To evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity and toxicity effects of Newly formulated chlorhexidine mouthwash. The antimicrobial activity of the mouthwash was evaluated by Agar well diffusion method against the tested microorganisms. The toxicity test was performed by using the MTT assay. The new formula has the potential to treat and prevent oral and throat infections. The newly developed Chlorhexidine mouthwash can be considered safe for oral usage.
{"title":"Evaluation of Newly Formulated Chlorhexidine Mouthwash","authors":"Peerapong Tua-Ngam, Ratchaporn Srichan, Arthit Klaophimai, Pachara Rudrakanjana, Thanattha Wuttihasa, Rattiporn Kaypetch","doi":"10.4028/p-dppua9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-dppua9","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash has a poor taste during and after rinsing which makes its users dissatisfied. Therefore, the product must be improved to have a better taste and still retain its effectiveness against oral pathogens. To evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity and toxicity effects of Newly formulated chlorhexidine mouthwash. The antimicrobial activity of the mouthwash was evaluated by Agar well diffusion method against the tested microorganisms. The toxicity test was performed by using the MTT assay. The new formula has the potential to treat and prevent oral and throat infections. The newly developed Chlorhexidine mouthwash can be considered safe for oral usage.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135266826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Hashim, Wafaa A. Hussain, M. Ismail, Ahmed Amr, Abdulqadher M. Daham, Luay H. Alwan
This study constructed poly (vinyl alcohol)/ biphasic-calcium phosphate (PVA/ BCP) composite scaffolds. The biphasic-calcium phosphate (BCP) was incorporated in 0, 5, 10, and 25 wt%; BP0, BP1, BP2, and BP3, respectively. The surface morphology was done with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the porosity and the pore size and distribution of fabricated samples. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and some physical properties such as porosity, density, swelling ratio, flexural strength, impact strength, and compression strength were also investigated. The biodegradation and bioactivity were also tested. The SEM results showed that the pores increased and became more regular and interconnected to each other with the increasing addition of BCP. The density decreased with the addition of BCP, while the porosity and mechanical properties increased with additives. The sample of BP3 has a high porosity (67%) and high impact strength (11.9 MPa). The high porosity is favorable for bone implants, and the mechanical strength must also be considered. The bio tests show that the biodegradation became regular by adding the BCP powder, which leads to ease of controlling the gradual degradation and the samples are bioactive for bone tissue. Keywords: Bone Tissue Engineering, PVA, Biphasic-Calcium Phosphate, Porosity, Mechanical properties
{"title":"Scaffold of Bone Tissue Engineering Based on PVA/BCP Bioactive Composite Foam","authors":"F. Hashim, Wafaa A. Hussain, M. Ismail, Ahmed Amr, Abdulqadher M. Daham, Luay H. Alwan","doi":"10.4028/p-xBhp5F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xBhp5F","url":null,"abstract":"This study constructed poly (vinyl alcohol)/ biphasic-calcium phosphate (PVA/ BCP) composite scaffolds. The biphasic-calcium phosphate (BCP) was incorporated in 0, 5, 10, and 25 wt%; BP0, BP1, BP2, and BP3, respectively. The surface morphology was done with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the porosity and the pore size and distribution of fabricated samples. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and some physical properties such as porosity, density, swelling ratio, flexural strength, impact strength, and compression strength were also investigated. The biodegradation and bioactivity were also tested. The SEM results showed that the pores increased and became more regular and interconnected to each other with the increasing addition of BCP. The density decreased with the addition of BCP, while the porosity and mechanical properties increased with additives. The sample of BP3 has a high porosity (67%) and high impact strength (11.9 MPa). The high porosity is favorable for bone implants, and the mechanical strength must also be considered. The bio tests show that the biodegradation became regular by adding the BCP powder, which leads to ease of controlling the gradual degradation and the samples are bioactive for bone tissue. Keywords: Bone Tissue Engineering, PVA, Biphasic-Calcium Phosphate, Porosity, Mechanical properties","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47679507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nor Hazliana Harun, R. Mydin, S. Sreekantan, Khairul Arifah Saharuddin, A. Seeni
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major safety concern globally that contribute to mortality rates amongst patients especially associated with indwelling or implanted medical devices. The advanced metal-oxide nanocomposites (MNPs) embedded in polymer matrix present an outstanding antibacterial profile, especially for MDR strains owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals’ mode of action. To date, there is still a lack of knowledge on the implication of external reactive species from MNPs-based polymers to humans. This study investigates the bio-interaction of TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite films embedded in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE/ TiO2-ZnO) on human fibroblast and blood cell lines model at molecular genes and protein level. The initial analysis of the in vitro bio-interaction responses on fibroblast and blood cell line models showed signs of cell membrane integrity disturbance, which might be due to free radicals’ activities, such as the release of intracellular ROS and Zn ions (Zn2+) during the initial cellular adaptation process on the TiO2–ZnO polymer nanocomposite film. Further findings found that cell–polymer nanocomposite film interaction could possibly trigger transitory oxidative stress response and cellular redox regulation via NF-kβ interactions. However, further comprehensive studies are needed to support this study, especially involving animal models.
{"title":"LLDPE/TiO2-ZnO Nanocomposite Films induces Transitory Oxidative Stress Response on Human Fibroblast and Blood Cell Lines Models","authors":"Nor Hazliana Harun, R. Mydin, S. Sreekantan, Khairul Arifah Saharuddin, A. Seeni","doi":"10.4028/p-2aa27K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2aa27K","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major safety concern globally that contribute to mortality rates amongst patients especially associated with indwelling or implanted medical devices. The advanced metal-oxide nanocomposites (MNPs) embedded in polymer matrix present an outstanding antibacterial profile, especially for MDR strains owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals’ mode of action. To date, there is still a lack of knowledge on the implication of external reactive species from MNPs-based polymers to humans. This study investigates the bio-interaction of TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite films embedded in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE/ TiO2-ZnO) on human fibroblast and blood cell lines model at molecular genes and protein level. The initial analysis of the in vitro bio-interaction responses on fibroblast and blood cell line models showed signs of cell membrane integrity disturbance, which might be due to free radicals’ activities, such as the release of intracellular ROS and Zn ions (Zn2+) during the initial cellular adaptation process on the TiO2–ZnO polymer nanocomposite film. Further findings found that cell–polymer nanocomposite film interaction could possibly trigger transitory oxidative stress response and cellular redox regulation via NF-kβ interactions. However, further comprehensive studies are needed to support this study, especially involving animal models.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45990774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osseointegration prosthesis is a directly implanted fixation in the bone for limb amputees. It has been used as an excellent alternative for amputees experiencing difficulties from the use of a traditional socket type prosthesis. A novel implant used for implanted prosthetics is designed and it depended on polymer as a primary material to increase bone osseointegration. As an alternative to the metallic material on the interface with the bone. The design consists of several parts and relies on thread to increase installation. This research aims to overcome the problems of loss implantation by using new designs for fixations. Evaluated this design by FEA (Finite element analysis) in different load cases to obtain the distribution of stress and force reaction when the implant displacement was applied. The polymeric part was designed in two shapes, each shape relies on a different size of threaded to verify the change of fixation with the threaded. As for the metal part, two cases were used, the first case, stainless steel 316L, and the second case titanium metal to reach the best stress distribution in this design.
{"title":"Evaluation of Novel Prosthesis Implant Adapter by Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Marwa J. Jamal, S. Hamandi, M. N. Arbilei","doi":"10.4028/p-N2yzeB","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-N2yzeB","url":null,"abstract":"Osseointegration prosthesis is a directly implanted fixation in the bone for limb amputees. It has been used as an excellent alternative for amputees experiencing difficulties from the use of a traditional socket type prosthesis. A novel implant used for implanted prosthetics is designed and it depended on polymer as a primary material to increase bone osseointegration. As an alternative to the metallic material on the interface with the bone. The design consists of several parts and relies on thread to increase installation. This research aims to overcome the problems of loss implantation by using new designs for fixations. Evaluated this design by FEA (Finite element analysis) in different load cases to obtain the distribution of stress and force reaction when the implant displacement was applied. The polymeric part was designed in two shapes, each shape relies on a different size of threaded to verify the change of fixation with the threaded. As for the metal part, two cases were used, the first case, stainless steel 316L, and the second case titanium metal to reach the best stress distribution in this design.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43380644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite scaffolds are promising regenerative medicines. Chitosan-TiO2 nanotubes (CTNTs) scaffold as a composite scaffold is, however, associated with low biocompatibility. This research aims to increase in vitro efficacy of CTNTs scaffolds by using fibronectin (FN) and investigate the adsorption affinity of such scaffolds towards FN. CTNTs scaffolds were prepared via direct blending of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) and chitosan solution. The mixture was then subjected to 24-h freezing and 24-h freeze drying. The scaffolds were further functionalized with FN solution (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg/mL) via adsorption. The amount of adsorbed FN by the scaffolds was determined via colorimetric method. MG63 was used to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of CTNTs scaffolds with FN. The adsorption affinity of CTNTs scaffolds towards FN was high, as no saturation was achieved. The adsorption isotherm of FN onto CTNTs scaffolds fitted well with Temkin isotherm suggesting there was electrostatic interaction between the scaffolds and FN. Enhanced proliferation and early differentiation were observed in MG63 cultured on CTNTs scaffolds with FN. Particularly, CTNTs scaffolds functionalized with 60 μg/mL FN promoted the highest proliferation and early differentiation. CTNTs scaffolds with FN showed potential as scaffolding material for bone regeneration.
{"title":"Functionalization of Chitosan-TiO2 Nanotubes Scaffolds with Fibronectin for Bone Regeneration","authors":"S. Lim, C. Chiang, N. Rosli, K. Chew","doi":"10.4028/p-k9wk3T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-k9wk3T","url":null,"abstract":"Composite scaffolds are promising regenerative medicines. Chitosan-TiO2 nanotubes (CTNTs) scaffold as a composite scaffold is, however, associated with low biocompatibility. This research aims to increase in vitro efficacy of CTNTs scaffolds by using fibronectin (FN) and investigate the adsorption affinity of such scaffolds towards FN. CTNTs scaffolds were prepared via direct blending of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) and chitosan solution. The mixture was then subjected to 24-h freezing and 24-h freeze drying. The scaffolds were further functionalized with FN solution (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg/mL) via adsorption. The amount of adsorbed FN by the scaffolds was determined via colorimetric method. MG63 was used to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of CTNTs scaffolds with FN. The adsorption affinity of CTNTs scaffolds towards FN was high, as no saturation was achieved. The adsorption isotherm of FN onto CTNTs scaffolds fitted well with Temkin isotherm suggesting there was electrostatic interaction between the scaffolds and FN. Enhanced proliferation and early differentiation were observed in MG63 cultured on CTNTs scaffolds with FN. Particularly, CTNTs scaffolds functionalized with 60 μg/mL FN promoted the highest proliferation and early differentiation. CTNTs scaffolds with FN showed potential as scaffolding material for bone regeneration.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47491053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As most of developed empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based R-peaks detection algorithms consume a considerable time of calculation caused by the large length of the input ECG signal, the design of a new technique that allows the acceleration of such methods becomes necessary. Accordingly, a new variant of an EMD-based strategy for R-peaks localization is presented. The new accelerated variant is constituted of three essential parts. The first step is the length reduction of the input signal by means of the truncation in the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) domain followed by the application of the inverse FFT guaranteeing a suitable time-domain down-sampling. Consequently, the new input signal of a reduced length preserves all medical information contained initially in the original lengthy signal. The second part is dedicated to identify the QRS complex using EMD-based R-peaks detection. This latter comprises a low-pass filter, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert transform, Finally, the third phase is the time-domain up-sampling using the FFT, the zero padding and the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to obtain a resulting processed signal which has the same length as the original signal. Next, as a post-processing step, final R-peaks refined localization is achieved. It is noticeable that the new variant ensures same results, in term of accuracy, as the standard method; however, a significant speed-up ratio of 6.95:1 is reported. Additionally, to more prove the effectiveness of the suggested strategy, it has been applied to accelerate two other efficient algorithms and satisfactory speed up ratios of, 7.20:1 and 4.23:1, respectively have been reached.
{"title":"Accelerated Variant of an EMD-Based-R Peaks Detection Algorithm Involving FFT-Based Time-Domain Down-Sampling and up-Sampling","authors":"A. Harkat, R. Benzid, N. Athamena","doi":"10.4028/p-E6HyU0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-E6HyU0","url":null,"abstract":"As most of developed empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based R-peaks detection algorithms consume a considerable time of calculation caused by the large length of the input ECG signal, the design of a new technique that allows the acceleration of such methods becomes necessary. Accordingly, a new variant of an EMD-based strategy for R-peaks localization is presented. The new accelerated variant is constituted of three essential parts. The first step is the length reduction of the input signal by means of the truncation in the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) domain followed by the application of the inverse FFT guaranteeing a suitable time-domain down-sampling. Consequently, the new input signal of a reduced length preserves all medical information contained initially in the original lengthy signal. The second part is dedicated to identify the QRS complex using EMD-based R-peaks detection. This latter comprises a low-pass filter, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert transform, Finally, the third phase is the time-domain up-sampling using the FFT, the zero padding and the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to obtain a resulting processed signal which has the same length as the original signal. Next, as a post-processing step, final R-peaks refined localization is achieved. It is noticeable that the new variant ensures same results, in term of accuracy, as the standard method; however, a significant speed-up ratio of 6.95:1 is reported. Additionally, to more prove the effectiveness of the suggested strategy, it has been applied to accelerate two other efficient algorithms and satisfactory speed up ratios of, 7.20:1 and 4.23:1, respectively have been reached.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43451396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pennarasi Gunasekaran, S. Nachiar, S. Subramanian, A. Sekar
Nature always has the ability to offer various solutions in day-to-day life of humans in various fields of engineering and science. The term biomimicry refers to the process of adopting solutions from nature to solve complicated problems that refers to analysing the environment for sustainable solutions. This concept is used in various fields of engineering and science. This concept is emerging now in the field of construction also. Biomimics concept is used in analysing the behaviour of structural elements which forms a symbiosis between the environment and construction. In the field of construction, thin shell structures are lightweight structures that are preferred as roof elements for covering high spans and also gives an aesthetic appearance. In this study, three different shapes like spherical with different rise to span ratios, circular and elliptical are considered. The concept of reflecting the human skull shape into thin shell structures was considered, because the reflection from the environment helps in solving the complicated problems of both engineering and sciences. This study focused on the mesh convergence study for numerical analysis using Ansys 18.1 software. The parameters of the thin shells such as thickness, span and rise were taken from the geometrical characteristics of scanned human skull models in comparison with the standard skull models. From the results, mesh sizes were optimized for the three different shapes considered and also predicted the most efficient model. These results were obtained based on the equivalent stress in comparison with the theoretical stresses of the respective models. This study inspires the naturally available forms in the environment to incorporate it in the field of construction and technology for a sustainable solution.
{"title":"Optimizing Mesh Sizes of Thin Shells Using Biomimicry for a Sustainable Solution","authors":"Pennarasi Gunasekaran, S. Nachiar, S. Subramanian, A. Sekar","doi":"10.4028/p-XYcl3m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-XYcl3m","url":null,"abstract":"Nature always has the ability to offer various solutions in day-to-day life of humans in various fields of engineering and science. The term biomimicry refers to the process of adopting solutions from nature to solve complicated problems that refers to analysing the environment for sustainable solutions. This concept is used in various fields of engineering and science. This concept is emerging now in the field of construction also. Biomimics concept is used in analysing the behaviour of structural elements which forms a symbiosis between the environment and construction. In the field of construction, thin shell structures are lightweight structures that are preferred as roof elements for covering high spans and also gives an aesthetic appearance. In this study, three different shapes like spherical with different rise to span ratios, circular and elliptical are considered. The concept of reflecting the human skull shape into thin shell structures was considered, because the reflection from the environment helps in solving the complicated problems of both engineering and sciences. This study focused on the mesh convergence study for numerical analysis using Ansys 18.1 software. The parameters of the thin shells such as thickness, span and rise were taken from the geometrical characteristics of scanned human skull models in comparison with the standard skull models. From the results, mesh sizes were optimized for the three different shapes considered and also predicted the most efficient model. These results were obtained based on the equivalent stress in comparison with the theoretical stresses of the respective models. This study inspires the naturally available forms in the environment to incorporate it in the field of construction and technology for a sustainable solution.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46070405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The systematic study of human locomotion known as gait analysis can be applied in various contexts, including athletics, rehabilitation, and clinical diagnoses. However, the present gait analysis methods have several limitations that make them inappropriate for individual use, such as the fact that they are expensive, non-portable, need a significant amount of time to set up, and require additional time for post-processing. This study aims to investigate and develop a gait analysis system to measure the vertical ground reaction forces. The measurement instrument qualities of being flexible, portable, and comfortable are essential to the design of wearable sensors. The device was calibrated using a universal testing machine (Force plate device). In addition, this study used flexible force sensors for detecting vGRF. The result shows the device works with high efficiency and accuracy in measurement when calculating the values of ground reaction force compared with the values of reaction force measured by the university testing machines. Keywords: Gait cycle, Ground reaction force, Arduino, Force plate, Smart sole
{"title":"Design and Manufacturing a Portable Smart Sole for Measuring the Ground Reaction Force","authors":"F. M. Kadhim, S. Hasan, Rasha Qasim Humadi","doi":"10.4028/p-mrM7AX","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-mrM7AX","url":null,"abstract":"The systematic study of human locomotion known as gait analysis can be applied in various contexts, including athletics, rehabilitation, and clinical diagnoses. However, the present gait analysis methods have several limitations that make them inappropriate for individual use, such as the fact that they are expensive, non-portable, need a significant amount of time to set up, and require additional time for post-processing. This study aims to investigate and develop a gait analysis system to measure the vertical ground reaction forces. The measurement instrument qualities of being flexible, portable, and comfortable are essential to the design of wearable sensors. The device was calibrated using a universal testing machine (Force plate device). In addition, this study used flexible force sensors for detecting vGRF. The result shows the device works with high efficiency and accuracy in measurement when calculating the values of ground reaction force compared with the values of reaction force measured by the university testing machines. Keywords: Gait cycle, Ground reaction force, Arduino, Force plate, Smart sole","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42131523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Vol. 61","authors":"S. Nandyala, David Duday, Kazuo Umemura","doi":"10.4028/b-15kwwl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/b-15kwwl","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadiah Syafiqah Mohd Azlan, C. L. Yap, Y. W. Tiong, S. Gan, M. B. A. Rahman
The integration of phosphotungstic acid and niobium oxide forms a bifunctional catalyst that demonstrates an interplay between Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis acid which is able to provide a synergistic effect for the conversion of biomass to LA. This bifunctional acid catalyst shows a higher yield of levulinic acid (LA) (16.4%) as compared to that of sole phosphotungstic acid (10.5%) or niobium oxide (13.2%), presumably caused by a higher selectivity at the tandem steps of the conversion reaction. The bifunctional catalyst was then doped to a lignin-derived carbon cryogel to mitigate the deactivation and leaching of the catalysts. The durability and thermal stability of the carbon cryogel allow the catalyst to recycle up to 3 times while retaining similar performance.
{"title":"The Interplay of Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis Acid Sites in Bifunctional Catalyst for the Biomass Conversion to Levulinic Acid","authors":"Nadiah Syafiqah Mohd Azlan, C. L. Yap, Y. W. Tiong, S. Gan, M. B. A. Rahman","doi":"10.4028/p-RNTv04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-RNTv04","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of phosphotungstic acid and niobium oxide forms a bifunctional catalyst that demonstrates an interplay between Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis acid which is able to provide a synergistic effect for the conversion of biomass to LA. This bifunctional acid catalyst shows a higher yield of levulinic acid (LA) (16.4%) as compared to that of sole phosphotungstic acid (10.5%) or niobium oxide (13.2%), presumably caused by a higher selectivity at the tandem steps of the conversion reaction. The bifunctional catalyst was then doped to a lignin-derived carbon cryogel to mitigate the deactivation and leaching of the catalysts. The durability and thermal stability of the carbon cryogel allow the catalyst to recycle up to 3 times while retaining similar performance.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43121611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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