Secondary caries is a type of carious lesion found at the margins of or next to an existing restoration after the filling has been used for a period of time. It generally arises from the formation of defects or cracks in the filling material after restoration. This can create gaps between the material and the tooth tissue, which will allow bacteria in the biofilm to enter the interface. Dental adhesives are commonly used to provide retention for composite cement or filling materials. A good adhesive should be able to prevent leakage along the restoration margin as well as resist the mechanical load of chewing pressure. Recently, the inclusion of calcium in the adhesive monomer has been produced as Bio-Coat Ca, and its antimicrobial property against some oral bacteria has been studied. No information was found on anaerobes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of dental adhesive on the biofilm formation of anaerobic bacteria involved in secondary caries. An adhesive containing CMET (calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen calcium phosphate (MDCP) (Bio-Coat Ca, Sun Medical, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan) was applied to the flat-bottom surface of the saliva-coated 96-well plate. Then it was polymerized with LED light at 460 nm and sterile with UV light. Porphyromonas gingivali s ATCC 33277, Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611, and Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 were prepared as a suspension of approximately 1 × 10 8 CFU/mL and added to the well. The plate was left for 120 min at 37°C in a shaking incubator (120 r/min) to allow bacterial adhesion. After removing non-adherent cells, Schaedler broth was added and further incubated for 48-72 h to grow the biofilm. The culture medium was changed every 24 h. A biofilm formed on a 96-well plate surface without the adhesive was set up as a control. The amount of vital biofilm was assessed by the WST Microbial Cell Counting Kit (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, USA). All tests were triplicated performed and repeated three times. As a statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied. The results showed that dental adhesive exhibited significant anti-biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum at a percent inhibition of 56% and 46%, respectively. On the other hand, no significant effect was found on P. intermedia . This was similar to our previous report on bacteria associated with primary caries, which revealed that the anti-biofilm effect of Bio-Coat Ca adhesive on Streptococcus mutans was 65% while no significant suppressive action was observed Lactobacillus casei and Actinomyces viscosus . The inhibitory effect of the adhesive was proposed to be the acidic characteristic of the monomers. This newly developed adhesive could be a promising material for the prevention of secondary caries. However, this study was done on the single-species biofilm formation in vitro and conducted in a short time. Long-term clinical stud
{"title":"Inhibition of the Biofilm Formation of Anaerobic Bacteria Involved in Secondary Caries by Dental Adhesive","authors":"Sroisiri Thaweboon, Takashi Saito, Boonyanit Thaweboon","doi":"10.4028/p-v03ead","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-v03ead","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary caries is a type of carious lesion found at the margins of or next to an existing restoration after the filling has been used for a period of time. It generally arises from the formation of defects or cracks in the filling material after restoration. This can create gaps between the material and the tooth tissue, which will allow bacteria in the biofilm to enter the interface. Dental adhesives are commonly used to provide retention for composite cement or filling materials. A good adhesive should be able to prevent leakage along the restoration margin as well as resist the mechanical load of chewing pressure. Recently, the inclusion of calcium in the adhesive monomer has been produced as Bio-Coat Ca, and its antimicrobial property against some oral bacteria has been studied. No information was found on anaerobes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of dental adhesive on the biofilm formation of anaerobic bacteria involved in secondary caries. An adhesive containing CMET (calcium salt of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid) and 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen calcium phosphate (MDCP) (Bio-Coat Ca, Sun Medical, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan) was applied to the flat-bottom surface of the saliva-coated 96-well plate. Then it was polymerized with LED light at 460 nm and sterile with UV light. Porphyromonas gingivali s ATCC 33277, Prevotella intermedia ATCC 25611, and Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 were prepared as a suspension of approximately 1 × 10 8 CFU/mL and added to the well. The plate was left for 120 min at 37°C in a shaking incubator (120 r/min) to allow bacterial adhesion. After removing non-adherent cells, Schaedler broth was added and further incubated for 48-72 h to grow the biofilm. The culture medium was changed every 24 h. A biofilm formed on a 96-well plate surface without the adhesive was set up as a control. The amount of vital biofilm was assessed by the WST Microbial Cell Counting Kit (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, USA). All tests were triplicated performed and repeated three times. As a statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test was applied. The results showed that dental adhesive exhibited significant anti-biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum at a percent inhibition of 56% and 46%, respectively. On the other hand, no significant effect was found on P. intermedia . This was similar to our previous report on bacteria associated with primary caries, which revealed that the anti-biofilm effect of Bio-Coat Ca adhesive on Streptococcus mutans was 65% while no significant suppressive action was observed Lactobacillus casei and Actinomyces viscosus . The inhibitory effect of the adhesive was proposed to be the acidic characteristic of the monomers. This newly developed adhesive could be a promising material for the prevention of secondary caries. However, this study was done on the single-species biofilm formation in vitro and conducted in a short time. Long-term clinical stud","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"69 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to create a gel base composition that has the potential to be combined with hydroxyapatite from the biogenic material Crassostrea gigas as a gel that can repair dental caries. The base gel composition consists of Na-CMC, guar gum, and glycerin which can dissolve the HA element without settling so that it can be applied well to the teeth. nano HA contained in Crassostrea gigas can potentially remineralize and improve caries in teeth. Therefore, it is inevitable that the base gel is safe to make composites with nano HA as a function of repairing dental caries. The potential of HA as a tooth remineralization material was proven by the SEM, FTIR, and XRD characterization of CaCO 3 and CaO, which have sharp crystallinity. The base gel is safe to be applied to the bones of the teeth by the MTT test treatment. This proves that the base gel is not toxic and has high viability of 92.66% at a dose of 31.25 μg/mL. The IC50 value was 688.6 μg/ml. These results are safe to be applied with nano HA material and are safe to be applied to the bones of the teeth.
{"title":"Viability Base Gel as Potential for Fabricating <i>Crassostrea gigas hydroxyapatite</i> (HA-<i>Crassostrea gigas shell</i>) Gel for Dental Caries Repair","authors":"Aminatun Nisa, Mona Sari, Yusril Yusuf","doi":"10.4028/p-ly1ksh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ly1ksh","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to create a gel base composition that has the potential to be combined with hydroxyapatite from the biogenic material Crassostrea gigas as a gel that can repair dental caries. The base gel composition consists of Na-CMC, guar gum, and glycerin which can dissolve the HA element without settling so that it can be applied well to the teeth. nano HA contained in Crassostrea gigas can potentially remineralize and improve caries in teeth. Therefore, it is inevitable that the base gel is safe to make composites with nano HA as a function of repairing dental caries. The potential of HA as a tooth remineralization material was proven by the SEM, FTIR, and XRD characterization of CaCO 3 and CaO, which have sharp crystallinity. The base gel is safe to be applied to the bones of the teeth by the MTT test treatment. This proves that the base gel is not toxic and has high viability of 92.66% at a dose of 31.25 μg/mL. The IC50 value was 688.6 μg/ml. These results are safe to be applied with nano HA material and are safe to be applied to the bones of the teeth.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"1 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to determine the physicochemical and characterization of nano-calcium Catfish bone flour. The research implementation consisted of several stages: Preparation of fish bone meal, chemical characterization, physical characterization. The t test was used to see differences in treatment. The results of the research: chemical analysis of nano-calcium catfish bone flour revealed that it had a water content of 7.45%, ash 63.29%, protein 4.50%, lipid 2.95%, and carbohydrate 21.81%. Furthermore, both 33.15% calcined bone meal and the 32.16% non-calcined bone meal have calcium contents that meet the Quality I criterion. The findings of the physical characteristics test show nanoparticles in the uncalcined bone meal particle size, which is based on the percent number of 204.1 nm achieved with PI (degree of non-uniformity of particle distribution 0.403). And the calcined bone flour indicated the presence of nanoparticles and that their distribution tended to be uniform, with intensity percentages of 675.4 nm (86.1%) and 100.7 nm (13.9%), respectively. Visually, calcined nano-calcium flour is whiter in color than non-calcined nano-calcium flour. The advantages of alternative research for natural nanocalcium sources from catfish bone meal can be employed in food product manufacturing to satisfy the body's calcium requirements
{"title":"Physicochemical and Characterization Nano-Calcium Catfish Bone Flour (<i>Clarias gariepinus</i>)","authors":"Siti Suryaningsih, Buchori Muslim, Mohamad Djali","doi":"10.4028/p-e0djpd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-e0djpd","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the physicochemical and characterization of nano-calcium Catfish bone flour. The research implementation consisted of several stages: Preparation of fish bone meal, chemical characterization, physical characterization. The t test was used to see differences in treatment. The results of the research: chemical analysis of nano-calcium catfish bone flour revealed that it had a water content of 7.45%, ash 63.29%, protein 4.50%, lipid 2.95%, and carbohydrate 21.81%. Furthermore, both 33.15% calcined bone meal and the 32.16% non-calcined bone meal have calcium contents that meet the Quality I criterion. The findings of the physical characteristics test show nanoparticles in the uncalcined bone meal particle size, which is based on the percent number of 204.1 nm achieved with PI (degree of non-uniformity of particle distribution 0.403). And the calcined bone flour indicated the presence of nanoparticles and that their distribution tended to be uniform, with intensity percentages of 675.4 nm (86.1%) and 100.7 nm (13.9%), respectively. Visually, calcined nano-calcium flour is whiter in color than non-calcined nano-calcium flour. The advantages of alternative research for natural nanocalcium sources from catfish bone meal can be employed in food product manufacturing to satisfy the body's calcium requirements","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"20 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash has a poor taste during and after rinsing which makes its users dissatisfied. Therefore, the product must be improved to have a better taste and still retain its effectiveness against oral pathogens. To evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity and toxicity effects of Newly formulated chlorhexidine mouthwash. The antimicrobial activity of the mouthwash was evaluated by Agar well diffusion method against the tested microorganisms. The toxicity test was performed by using the MTT assay. The new formula has the potential to treat and prevent oral and throat infections. The newly developed Chlorhexidine mouthwash can be considered safe for oral usage.
{"title":"Evaluation of Newly Formulated Chlorhexidine Mouthwash","authors":"Peerapong Tua-Ngam, Ratchaporn Srichan, Arthit Klaophimai, Pachara Rudrakanjana, Thanattha Wuttihasa, Rattiporn Kaypetch","doi":"10.4028/p-dppua9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-dppua9","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash has a poor taste during and after rinsing which makes its users dissatisfied. Therefore, the product must be improved to have a better taste and still retain its effectiveness against oral pathogens. To evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity and toxicity effects of Newly formulated chlorhexidine mouthwash. The antimicrobial activity of the mouthwash was evaluated by Agar well diffusion method against the tested microorganisms. The toxicity test was performed by using the MTT assay. The new formula has the potential to treat and prevent oral and throat infections. The newly developed Chlorhexidine mouthwash can be considered safe for oral usage.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"69 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135266826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Hashim, Wafaa A. Hussain, M. Ismail, Ahmed Amr, Abdulqadher M. Daham, Luay H. Alwan
This study constructed poly (vinyl alcohol)/ biphasic-calcium phosphate (PVA/ BCP) composite scaffolds. The biphasic-calcium phosphate (BCP) was incorporated in 0, 5, 10, and 25 wt%; BP0, BP1, BP2, and BP3, respectively. The surface morphology was done with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the porosity and the pore size and distribution of fabricated samples. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and some physical properties such as porosity, density, swelling ratio, flexural strength, impact strength, and compression strength were also investigated. The biodegradation and bioactivity were also tested. The SEM results showed that the pores increased and became more regular and interconnected to each other with the increasing addition of BCP. The density decreased with the addition of BCP, while the porosity and mechanical properties increased with additives. The sample of BP3 has a high porosity (67%) and high impact strength (11.9 MPa). The high porosity is favorable for bone implants, and the mechanical strength must also be considered. The bio tests show that the biodegradation became regular by adding the BCP powder, which leads to ease of controlling the gradual degradation and the samples are bioactive for bone tissue. Keywords: Bone Tissue Engineering, PVA, Biphasic-Calcium Phosphate, Porosity, Mechanical properties
{"title":"Scaffold of Bone Tissue Engineering Based on PVA/BCP Bioactive Composite Foam","authors":"F. Hashim, Wafaa A. Hussain, M. Ismail, Ahmed Amr, Abdulqadher M. Daham, Luay H. Alwan","doi":"10.4028/p-xBhp5F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-xBhp5F","url":null,"abstract":"This study constructed poly (vinyl alcohol)/ biphasic-calcium phosphate (PVA/ BCP) composite scaffolds. The biphasic-calcium phosphate (BCP) was incorporated in 0, 5, 10, and 25 wt%; BP0, BP1, BP2, and BP3, respectively. The surface morphology was done with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the porosity and the pore size and distribution of fabricated samples. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and some physical properties such as porosity, density, swelling ratio, flexural strength, impact strength, and compression strength were also investigated. The biodegradation and bioactivity were also tested. The SEM results showed that the pores increased and became more regular and interconnected to each other with the increasing addition of BCP. The density decreased with the addition of BCP, while the porosity and mechanical properties increased with additives. The sample of BP3 has a high porosity (67%) and high impact strength (11.9 MPa). The high porosity is favorable for bone implants, and the mechanical strength must also be considered. The bio tests show that the biodegradation became regular by adding the BCP powder, which leads to ease of controlling the gradual degradation and the samples are bioactive for bone tissue. Keywords: Bone Tissue Engineering, PVA, Biphasic-Calcium Phosphate, Porosity, Mechanical properties","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":"59 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47679507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nor Hazliana Harun, R. Mydin, S. Sreekantan, Khairul Arifah Saharuddin, A. Seeni
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major safety concern globally that contribute to mortality rates amongst patients especially associated with indwelling or implanted medical devices. The advanced metal-oxide nanocomposites (MNPs) embedded in polymer matrix present an outstanding antibacterial profile, especially for MDR strains owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals’ mode of action. To date, there is still a lack of knowledge on the implication of external reactive species from MNPs-based polymers to humans. This study investigates the bio-interaction of TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite films embedded in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE/ TiO2-ZnO) on human fibroblast and blood cell lines model at molecular genes and protein level. The initial analysis of the in vitro bio-interaction responses on fibroblast and blood cell line models showed signs of cell membrane integrity disturbance, which might be due to free radicals’ activities, such as the release of intracellular ROS and Zn ions (Zn2+) during the initial cellular adaptation process on the TiO2–ZnO polymer nanocomposite film. Further findings found that cell–polymer nanocomposite film interaction could possibly trigger transitory oxidative stress response and cellular redox regulation via NF-kβ interactions. However, further comprehensive studies are needed to support this study, especially involving animal models.
{"title":"LLDPE/TiO2-ZnO Nanocomposite Films induces Transitory Oxidative Stress Response on Human Fibroblast and Blood Cell Lines Models","authors":"Nor Hazliana Harun, R. Mydin, S. Sreekantan, Khairul Arifah Saharuddin, A. Seeni","doi":"10.4028/p-2aa27K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2aa27K","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major safety concern globally that contribute to mortality rates amongst patients especially associated with indwelling or implanted medical devices. The advanced metal-oxide nanocomposites (MNPs) embedded in polymer matrix present an outstanding antibacterial profile, especially for MDR strains owing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals’ mode of action. To date, there is still a lack of knowledge on the implication of external reactive species from MNPs-based polymers to humans. This study investigates the bio-interaction of TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite films embedded in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE/ TiO2-ZnO) on human fibroblast and blood cell lines model at molecular genes and protein level. The initial analysis of the in vitro bio-interaction responses on fibroblast and blood cell line models showed signs of cell membrane integrity disturbance, which might be due to free radicals’ activities, such as the release of intracellular ROS and Zn ions (Zn2+) during the initial cellular adaptation process on the TiO2–ZnO polymer nanocomposite film. Further findings found that cell–polymer nanocomposite film interaction could possibly trigger transitory oxidative stress response and cellular redox regulation via NF-kβ interactions. However, further comprehensive studies are needed to support this study, especially involving animal models.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":"77 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45990774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osseointegration prosthesis is a directly implanted fixation in the bone for limb amputees. It has been used as an excellent alternative for amputees experiencing difficulties from the use of a traditional socket type prosthesis. A novel implant used for implanted prosthetics is designed and it depended on polymer as a primary material to increase bone osseointegration. As an alternative to the metallic material on the interface with the bone. The design consists of several parts and relies on thread to increase installation. This research aims to overcome the problems of loss implantation by using new designs for fixations. Evaluated this design by FEA (Finite element analysis) in different load cases to obtain the distribution of stress and force reaction when the implant displacement was applied. The polymeric part was designed in two shapes, each shape relies on a different size of threaded to verify the change of fixation with the threaded. As for the metal part, two cases were used, the first case, stainless steel 316L, and the second case titanium metal to reach the best stress distribution in this design.
{"title":"Evaluation of Novel Prosthesis Implant Adapter by Finite Element Analysis","authors":"Marwa J. Jamal, S. Hamandi, M. N. Arbilei","doi":"10.4028/p-N2yzeB","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-N2yzeB","url":null,"abstract":"Osseointegration prosthesis is a directly implanted fixation in the bone for limb amputees. It has been used as an excellent alternative for amputees experiencing difficulties from the use of a traditional socket type prosthesis. A novel implant used for implanted prosthetics is designed and it depended on polymer as a primary material to increase bone osseointegration. As an alternative to the metallic material on the interface with the bone. The design consists of several parts and relies on thread to increase installation. This research aims to overcome the problems of loss implantation by using new designs for fixations. Evaluated this design by FEA (Finite element analysis) in different load cases to obtain the distribution of stress and force reaction when the implant displacement was applied. The polymeric part was designed in two shapes, each shape relies on a different size of threaded to verify the change of fixation with the threaded. As for the metal part, two cases were used, the first case, stainless steel 316L, and the second case titanium metal to reach the best stress distribution in this design.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":"109 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43380644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As most of developed empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based R-peaks detection algorithms consume a considerable time of calculation caused by the large length of the input ECG signal, the design of a new technique that allows the acceleration of such methods becomes necessary. Accordingly, a new variant of an EMD-based strategy for R-peaks localization is presented. The new accelerated variant is constituted of three essential parts. The first step is the length reduction of the input signal by means of the truncation in the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) domain followed by the application of the inverse FFT guaranteeing a suitable time-domain down-sampling. Consequently, the new input signal of a reduced length preserves all medical information contained initially in the original lengthy signal. The second part is dedicated to identify the QRS complex using EMD-based R-peaks detection. This latter comprises a low-pass filter, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert transform, Finally, the third phase is the time-domain up-sampling using the FFT, the zero padding and the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to obtain a resulting processed signal which has the same length as the original signal. Next, as a post-processing step, final R-peaks refined localization is achieved. It is noticeable that the new variant ensures same results, in term of accuracy, as the standard method; however, a significant speed-up ratio of 6.95:1 is reported. Additionally, to more prove the effectiveness of the suggested strategy, it has been applied to accelerate two other efficient algorithms and satisfactory speed up ratios of, 7.20:1 and 4.23:1, respectively have been reached.
{"title":"Accelerated Variant of an EMD-Based-R Peaks Detection Algorithm Involving FFT-Based Time-Domain Down-Sampling and up-Sampling","authors":"A. Harkat, R. Benzid, N. Athamena","doi":"10.4028/p-E6HyU0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-E6HyU0","url":null,"abstract":"As most of developed empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based R-peaks detection algorithms consume a considerable time of calculation caused by the large length of the input ECG signal, the design of a new technique that allows the acceleration of such methods becomes necessary. Accordingly, a new variant of an EMD-based strategy for R-peaks localization is presented. The new accelerated variant is constituted of three essential parts. The first step is the length reduction of the input signal by means of the truncation in the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) domain followed by the application of the inverse FFT guaranteeing a suitable time-domain down-sampling. Consequently, the new input signal of a reduced length preserves all medical information contained initially in the original lengthy signal. The second part is dedicated to identify the QRS complex using EMD-based R-peaks detection. This latter comprises a low-pass filter, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the Hilbert transform, Finally, the third phase is the time-domain up-sampling using the FFT, the zero padding and the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to obtain a resulting processed signal which has the same length as the original signal. Next, as a post-processing step, final R-peaks refined localization is achieved. It is noticeable that the new variant ensures same results, in term of accuracy, as the standard method; however, a significant speed-up ratio of 6.95:1 is reported. Additionally, to more prove the effectiveness of the suggested strategy, it has been applied to accelerate two other efficient algorithms and satisfactory speed up ratios of, 7.20:1 and 4.23:1, respectively have been reached.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":"131 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43451396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite scaffolds are promising regenerative medicines. Chitosan-TiO2 nanotubes (CTNTs) scaffold as a composite scaffold is, however, associated with low biocompatibility. This research aims to increase in vitro efficacy of CTNTs scaffolds by using fibronectin (FN) and investigate the adsorption affinity of such scaffolds towards FN. CTNTs scaffolds were prepared via direct blending of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) and chitosan solution. The mixture was then subjected to 24-h freezing and 24-h freeze drying. The scaffolds were further functionalized with FN solution (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg/mL) via adsorption. The amount of adsorbed FN by the scaffolds was determined via colorimetric method. MG63 was used to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of CTNTs scaffolds with FN. The adsorption affinity of CTNTs scaffolds towards FN was high, as no saturation was achieved. The adsorption isotherm of FN onto CTNTs scaffolds fitted well with Temkin isotherm suggesting there was electrostatic interaction between the scaffolds and FN. Enhanced proliferation and early differentiation were observed in MG63 cultured on CTNTs scaffolds with FN. Particularly, CTNTs scaffolds functionalized with 60 μg/mL FN promoted the highest proliferation and early differentiation. CTNTs scaffolds with FN showed potential as scaffolding material for bone regeneration.
{"title":"Functionalization of Chitosan-TiO2 Nanotubes Scaffolds with Fibronectin for Bone Regeneration","authors":"S. Lim, C. Chiang, N. Rosli, K. Chew","doi":"10.4028/p-k9wk3T","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-k9wk3T","url":null,"abstract":"Composite scaffolds are promising regenerative medicines. Chitosan-TiO2 nanotubes (CTNTs) scaffold as a composite scaffold is, however, associated with low biocompatibility. This research aims to increase in vitro efficacy of CTNTs scaffolds by using fibronectin (FN) and investigate the adsorption affinity of such scaffolds towards FN. CTNTs scaffolds were prepared via direct blending of TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) and chitosan solution. The mixture was then subjected to 24-h freezing and 24-h freeze drying. The scaffolds were further functionalized with FN solution (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg/mL) via adsorption. The amount of adsorbed FN by the scaffolds was determined via colorimetric method. MG63 was used to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of CTNTs scaffolds with FN. The adsorption affinity of CTNTs scaffolds towards FN was high, as no saturation was achieved. The adsorption isotherm of FN onto CTNTs scaffolds fitted well with Temkin isotherm suggesting there was electrostatic interaction between the scaffolds and FN. Enhanced proliferation and early differentiation were observed in MG63 cultured on CTNTs scaffolds with FN. Particularly, CTNTs scaffolds functionalized with 60 μg/mL FN promoted the highest proliferation and early differentiation. CTNTs scaffolds with FN showed potential as scaffolding material for bone regeneration.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":"51 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47491053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The systematic study of human locomotion known as gait analysis can be applied in various contexts, including athletics, rehabilitation, and clinical diagnoses. However, the present gait analysis methods have several limitations that make them inappropriate for individual use, such as the fact that they are expensive, non-portable, need a significant amount of time to set up, and require additional time for post-processing. This study aims to investigate and develop a gait analysis system to measure the vertical ground reaction forces. The measurement instrument qualities of being flexible, portable, and comfortable are essential to the design of wearable sensors. The device was calibrated using a universal testing machine (Force plate device). In addition, this study used flexible force sensors for detecting vGRF. The result shows the device works with high efficiency and accuracy in measurement when calculating the values of ground reaction force compared with the values of reaction force measured by the university testing machines. Keywords: Gait cycle, Ground reaction force, Arduino, Force plate, Smart sole
{"title":"Design and Manufacturing a Portable Smart Sole for Measuring the Ground Reaction Force","authors":"F. M. Kadhim, S. Hasan, Rasha Qasim Humadi","doi":"10.4028/p-mrM7AX","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-mrM7AX","url":null,"abstract":"The systematic study of human locomotion known as gait analysis can be applied in various contexts, including athletics, rehabilitation, and clinical diagnoses. However, the present gait analysis methods have several limitations that make them inappropriate for individual use, such as the fact that they are expensive, non-portable, need a significant amount of time to set up, and require additional time for post-processing. This study aims to investigate and develop a gait analysis system to measure the vertical ground reaction forces. The measurement instrument qualities of being flexible, portable, and comfortable are essential to the design of wearable sensors. The device was calibrated using a universal testing machine (Force plate device). In addition, this study used flexible force sensors for detecting vGRF. The result shows the device works with high efficiency and accuracy in measurement when calculating the values of ground reaction force compared with the values of reaction force measured by the university testing machines. Keywords: Gait cycle, Ground reaction force, Arduino, Force plate, Smart sole","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":"61 1","pages":"121 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42131523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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