Alaa A. Mohammed, Emad S. Al-Hassani, Jawad K. Oleiwi
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as alternate biomaterial to traditional metallic implant materials has become greater important. At the same time have greater chemical resistance, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and radiolucency, making it convenient for use as dental and orthopedic implants. In the present study the biological behavior was evaluated of polymer composites based polyetheretherketone combined with various nano hydroxyapatite and nano titanium dioxide blending up to (1.5 wt%). The bioactivity of the specimens was evaluated by investigation apatite formation after immersion for 7 days and 14 days in simulated body fluid (SBF). XRD and SEM were used to approve the bioactivity of the specimens. Cell viability, proliferation, and the cell attachment activity of L929 mouse fibroblast cells was evaluated after (1, 3 & 5) days by MTT assay. Antibacterial property of the specimens versus S. aureus was observed with optical density methods. The results detected that the apatite-like layer formation was clearly observed on specimens after immersion for different period in simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, Results of MTT assay recorded the PEEK specimens excited the activity of fibroblasts and therefore a high cytocompatibility was noticed and specimens showed antibacterial properties against S. aureus.
{"title":"<i>In Vitro</i> Study: Bioactivity, Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Behavior for Polyetheretherketone Composites","authors":"Alaa A. Mohammed, Emad S. Al-Hassani, Jawad K. Oleiwi","doi":"10.4028/p-2faovi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2faovi","url":null,"abstract":"Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as alternate biomaterial to traditional metallic implant materials has become greater important. At the same time have greater chemical resistance, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and radiolucency, making it convenient for use as dental and orthopedic implants. In the present study the biological behavior was evaluated of polymer composites based polyetheretherketone combined with various nano hydroxyapatite and nano titanium dioxide blending up to (1.5 wt%). The bioactivity of the specimens was evaluated by investigation apatite formation after immersion for 7 days and 14 days in simulated body fluid (SBF). XRD and SEM were used to approve the bioactivity of the specimens. Cell viability, proliferation, and the cell attachment activity of L929 mouse fibroblast cells was evaluated after (1, 3 & 5) days by MTT assay. Antibacterial property of the specimens versus S. aureus was observed with optical density methods. The results detected that the apatite-like layer formation was clearly observed on specimens after immersion for different period in simulated body fluid (SBF). Moreover, Results of MTT assay recorded the PEEK specimens excited the activity of fibroblasts and therefore a high cytocompatibility was noticed and specimens showed antibacterial properties against S. aureus.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurhasan Agung Prabowo, Yulia Sari, Desy Puspa Putri, Hartono Hartono
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is characterized by elevated blood glucose. Curcumin has glucose-lowering properties. This review intended to determine if Curcumin can lower blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients. This review intended to determine if Curcumin can decrease blood glucose in type 2 DM patients. Curcumin has a mechanism of stimulating incretin and inhibiting digestive enzymes from reducing blood glucose levels in type 2 DM patients. We systematically searched PubMed for peer-reviewed studies examining the mechanism of Curcumin in decreasing blood glucose in type 2 DM patients. The journal criteria included in this review were a study from 2000 to 2022, randomized control trial using intervention Curcumin, an outcome variable using blood glucose, the full text of the article can be obtained, and the DM patient's age is over 18 years. Two independent reviewers retrieved data o clinical outcomes, studies, and patient characteristics using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Instrument. Quality is evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. There are 19 studies included in this research, and Three journals meet the requirements. The conclusion is that curcumin can decrease blood glucose in Type 2 DM patients.
{"title":"The Effect of Curcumin on Blood Glucose Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review","authors":"Nurhasan Agung Prabowo, Yulia Sari, Desy Puspa Putri, Hartono Hartono","doi":"10.4028/p-7ljftp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-7ljftp","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is characterized by elevated blood glucose. Curcumin has glucose-lowering properties. This review intended to determine if Curcumin can lower blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients. This review intended to determine if Curcumin can decrease blood glucose in type 2 DM patients. Curcumin has a mechanism of stimulating incretin and inhibiting digestive enzymes from reducing blood glucose levels in type 2 DM patients. We systematically searched PubMed for peer-reviewed studies examining the mechanism of Curcumin in decreasing blood glucose in type 2 DM patients. The journal criteria included in this review were a study from 2000 to 2022, randomized control trial using intervention Curcumin, an outcome variable using blood glucose, the full text of the article can be obtained, and the DM patient's age is over 18 years. Two independent reviewers retrieved data o clinical outcomes, studies, and patient characteristics using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Instrument. Quality is evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. There are 19 studies included in this research, and Three journals meet the requirements. The conclusion is that curcumin can decrease blood glucose in Type 2 DM patients.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endang Susilowati, Lina Mahardiani, Sri Retno Dwi Ariani, Hidayat Fauzi
Synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles has been successfully conducted through the chemical reduction technique. The synthesis used AgNO3, NaOH, and alginate as the precursor, accelerator reagent, and reducing agent and stabilizer, respectively. The effects of heating temperature, reaction time, accelerator concentration, and precursor concentration were investigated according to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The nanoparticle size distribution was observed via a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The stability of silver nanoparticles was studied for 8 weeks based on the LSPR phenomenon. Then, their antibacterial performance toward S. Aureus ATCC 25923 and E. Coli ATCC 25922 was examined. The results showed the absorbance intensities representing the number of silver nanoparticles formed were influenced by temperature, reaction time, NaOH concentration, and AgNO3 concentration. At 50°C heating, the optimum synthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved at 50 min with a NaOH concentration of 0.013M. The higher AgNO3 concentration resulted in a greater concentration of silver nanoparticles produced. From the PSA characterization, the average particle sizes for the samples were 1.82 nm and 1.30 nm for AgNO3 concentrations (% w/w; AgNO3/Alginate) of 1.6% and 2.4%, respectively. Based on the LSPR phenomenon, colloidal silver nanoparticles were stable in storage for 8 weeks at room temperature. The increase in the concentration of silver nanoparticles within colloidal could enhance antibacterial performance against S. Aureus and E. Coli. Accordingly, silver nanoparticles synthesized with alginate as a stabilizer have the potential as an antibacterial compound for medical applications.
{"title":"Synthesis of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles Using Alginate as Reducing and Stabilizing Agents and its Application as Antibacterial Material","authors":"Endang Susilowati, Lina Mahardiani, Sri Retno Dwi Ariani, Hidayat Fauzi","doi":"10.4028/p-reri3h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-reri3h","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles has been successfully conducted through the chemical reduction technique. The synthesis used AgNO3, NaOH, and alginate as the precursor, accelerator reagent, and reducing agent and stabilizer, respectively. The effects of heating temperature, reaction time, accelerator concentration, and precursor concentration were investigated according to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The nanoparticle size distribution was observed via a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The stability of silver nanoparticles was studied for 8 weeks based on the LSPR phenomenon. Then, their antibacterial performance toward S. Aureus ATCC 25923 and E. Coli ATCC 25922 was examined. The results showed the absorbance intensities representing the number of silver nanoparticles formed were influenced by temperature, reaction time, NaOH concentration, and AgNO3 concentration. At 50°C heating, the optimum synthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved at 50 min with a NaOH concentration of 0.013M. The higher AgNO3 concentration resulted in a greater concentration of silver nanoparticles produced. From the PSA characterization, the average particle sizes for the samples were 1.82 nm and 1.30 nm for AgNO3 concentrations (% w/w; AgNO3/Alginate) of 1.6% and 2.4%, respectively. Based on the LSPR phenomenon, colloidal silver nanoparticles were stable in storage for 8 weeks at room temperature. The increase in the concentration of silver nanoparticles within colloidal could enhance antibacterial performance against S. Aureus and E. Coli. Accordingly, silver nanoparticles synthesized with alginate as a stabilizer have the potential as an antibacterial compound for medical applications.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tonang Dwi Ardyanto, Nurhasan Agung Prabowo, Risalina Myrtha, Laaily Shofiyah
Indonesia has been facing COVID-19 since March 2020, causing significant problems for public health. Indonesia is trying to solve this problem, and the vaccination program began in January 2021. Several obstacles include public acceptance of the composition of the COVID-19 vaccine. We systematically searched peer-reviewed studies during 2020-2022, examining analyses of the Chemical Composition of the COVID-19 Vaccine authorized in Indonesia. We also explored the related information from the official body. Finally, we constructed a short review of the public acceptance of the vaccine focusing on the chemical composition. All COVID-19 vaccines are intended to induce humoral and cellular immunity toward infection. The antigen causes this as an active ingredient of the vaccine. The vaccine also contains adjuvants, and some other chemicals are required. The expansion aims to maintain the content of the vaccine, strengthen the body's reaction to the vaccine, and facilitate the administration process. But there are concerns about the risk of unintended effects of the substances used. This perception includes those that hinder the implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination in Indonesia. There is a need to disseminate information and education about the vaccine composition so that the optimal vaccination program benefits the community.
{"title":"Public Perception of the Chemical Composition of Covid-19 Vaccine that Hinders the Implementations of COVID-19 Vaccination in Indonesia","authors":"Tonang Dwi Ardyanto, Nurhasan Agung Prabowo, Risalina Myrtha, Laaily Shofiyah","doi":"10.4028/p-b6jawk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-b6jawk","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia has been facing COVID-19 since March 2020, causing significant problems for public health. Indonesia is trying to solve this problem, and the vaccination program began in January 2021. Several obstacles include public acceptance of the composition of the COVID-19 vaccine. We systematically searched peer-reviewed studies during 2020-2022, examining analyses of the Chemical Composition of the COVID-19 Vaccine authorized in Indonesia. We also explored the related information from the official body. Finally, we constructed a short review of the public acceptance of the vaccine focusing on the chemical composition. All COVID-19 vaccines are intended to induce humoral and cellular immunity toward infection. The antigen causes this as an active ingredient of the vaccine. The vaccine also contains adjuvants, and some other chemicals are required. The expansion aims to maintain the content of the vaccine, strengthen the body's reaction to the vaccine, and facilitate the administration process. But there are concerns about the risk of unintended effects of the substances used. This perception includes those that hinder the implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination in Indonesia. There is a need to disseminate information and education about the vaccine composition so that the optimal vaccination program benefits the community.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marwa Jamal Mohammed, Marwan N. Arbilei, Sadiq J. Hamandi, Hussein A. Hussein
Biocompatible bone implants are often proposed to improve osseointegration such as metal or polymer. Calcium hydroxyapatite Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 -OH 2 , HA is the primary inorganic component of human bone. Hydroxyapatite and polymer are biocompatible to the human body and help to increase bone growth. Increasing osseointegration by application of coating polymer on ceramic using the dip coating method is a challenge in itself for the success of the process of coating polymeric materials on ceramic materials using the previous method. This research aims to establish a new interface for promoting osseointegration. This interface between the polymeric part and the bone tissue to overcome the problems and failures that occur in the metal limbs implanted in the amputees. As a result of its rejection by the cells of the living body or the lack of good cohesion between the implant and the place of contact. In this work, coat PEEK plastic material coated with an active biocompatible material (Hydroxyapatite). The polymeric parts that implant inside the bone will be used as an anchor for the metallic screw that is used for bone succession or artificial limb. This research is one of a series of investigations that enhance bone osseointegration in the simplest and most efficient method. The dipping method is used to create adhesive between ceramic and polymer (polyether ether ketone) depending on the chitosan material. Tape tests showed that there was good adherence between the HA and PEEK surfaces.
{"title":"Utilize Chitosan to Coat Hydroxyapatite on Polymer","authors":"Marwa Jamal Mohammed, Marwan N. Arbilei, Sadiq J. Hamandi, Hussein A. Hussein","doi":"10.4028/p-k17meg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-k17meg","url":null,"abstract":"Biocompatible bone implants are often proposed to improve osseointegration such as metal or polymer. Calcium hydroxyapatite Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 -OH 2 , HA is the primary inorganic component of human bone. Hydroxyapatite and polymer are biocompatible to the human body and help to increase bone growth. Increasing osseointegration by application of coating polymer on ceramic using the dip coating method is a challenge in itself for the success of the process of coating polymeric materials on ceramic materials using the previous method. This research aims to establish a new interface for promoting osseointegration. This interface between the polymeric part and the bone tissue to overcome the problems and failures that occur in the metal limbs implanted in the amputees. As a result of its rejection by the cells of the living body or the lack of good cohesion between the implant and the place of contact. In this work, coat PEEK plastic material coated with an active biocompatible material (Hydroxyapatite). The polymeric parts that implant inside the bone will be used as an anchor for the metallic screw that is used for bone succession or artificial limb. This research is one of a series of investigations that enhance bone osseointegration in the simplest and most efficient method. The dipping method is used to create adhesive between ceramic and polymer (polyether ether ketone) depending on the chitosan material. Tape tests showed that there was good adherence between the HA and PEEK surfaces.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The depletion of petrochemical resources and greater worldwide environmental consciousness has led to a growing interest in polymers made from renewable resources during the last two decades. Hence, this work has attempted to reduce the dependence on petroleum-based epoxy by partially replacing it with epoxidized castor oil (ECO). The ECO was blended with epoxy at 10, 20, and 30% and cured with amine hardener. The effect of bio-resin on tensile, flexural, impact strength and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated. Further, the result of post-curing temperature on static and dynamic properties was examined. It was found that the addition of ECO up to 30% increased the impact strength. The 20% ECO sample showed balanced stiffness to toughness property and could be considered for semi-structural composite applications. The post-curing of samples at 150 °C showed better mechanical and dynamic properties except for impact strength.
{"title":"Effect of Plant Oil Derived Bio-Resin and Curing Temperature on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Network","authors":"Sekar Kannan, Sathyaraj Sankar Lal","doi":"10.4028/p-ui9jks","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ui9jks","url":null,"abstract":"The depletion of petrochemical resources and greater worldwide environmental consciousness has led to a growing interest in polymers made from renewable resources during the last two decades. Hence, this work has attempted to reduce the dependence on petroleum-based epoxy by partially replacing it with epoxidized castor oil (ECO). The ECO was blended with epoxy at 10, 20, and 30% and cured with amine hardener. The effect of bio-resin on tensile, flexural, impact strength and dynamic mechanical properties were investigated. Further, the result of post-curing temperature on static and dynamic properties was examined. It was found that the addition of ECO up to 30% increased the impact strength. The 20% ECO sample showed balanced stiffness to toughness property and could be considered for semi-structural composite applications. The post-curing of samples at 150 °C showed better mechanical and dynamic properties except for impact strength.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaibhavi H. Mistry, Niravkumar D. Patel, T. Lilly Shanker Rao, Toluchuri Shanker Rao
The fragility m of starches derived from corn and waxy corn, dried at various temperatures are computed with different water contents and heating rates (1,3,5,7,10, and 15 K/min) using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) data. Three theoretical approaches namely, Augis & Bennett, Lasocka and Vogel-Fulcher-Tammanni (VFT) are utilized to fit the DSC gelatinization transition temperature, T gT data to calculate the fragility m. The fragility m at a 7 K/min heating rate, with water contents from 30 to 90% at drying temperature 20 °C for corn starch is in the range 41 to 68, whereas at drying temperature of 100 °C for the same corn starch remains constant around 42. The waxy corn starch having water contents 50 to 90% and at drying temperatures 70 °C and 90 °C, the fragility m is unstable. On the whole, fragility m is in between 39 and 63 and according to the Angell’s criterion (16
{"title":"The Fragility of Glassy Corn Starches","authors":"Vaibhavi H. Mistry, Niravkumar D. Patel, T. Lilly Shanker Rao, Toluchuri Shanker Rao","doi":"10.4028/p-c4ncik","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-c4ncik","url":null,"abstract":"The fragility m of starches derived from corn and waxy corn, dried at various temperatures are computed with different water contents and heating rates (1,3,5,7,10, and 15 K/min) using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) data. Three theoretical approaches namely, Augis & Bennett, Lasocka and Vogel-Fulcher-Tammanni (VFT) are utilized to fit the DSC gelatinization transition temperature, T gT data to calculate the fragility m. The fragility m at a 7 K/min heating rate, with water contents from 30 to 90% at drying temperature 20 °C for corn starch is in the range 41 to 68, whereas at drying temperature of 100 °C for the same corn starch remains constant around 42. The waxy corn starch having water contents 50 to 90% and at drying temperatures 70 °C and 90 °C, the fragility m is unstable. On the whole, fragility m is in between 39 and 63 and according to the Angell’s criterion (16<m<100) the corn starches are intermediately strong glasses.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lukky Jayadi, Sandry Kesuma, Muhammad Hasan Wattiheluw
The use of hand sanitizers as a protector for the general public has become a lifestyle today. Several types of hand sanitizer preparations can be found in various places. Alcohol is generally used as a microorganism-free material to clean the surface of the hands and clean the skin from various kinds of contamination including fungi. Alcohol in hand sanitizer preparations has various functions including killing fungi, neutralizing various types of microorganisms including fungi. Eucalyptus oil has antifungal properties and is an important component to inhibit the contamination of microorganisms that are harmful to the body such as fungi. This study aims to make an alcohol-based hand sanitizer preparation with a combination of eucalyptus oil extract that can clean the Aspergillus niger fungus. The results of this study, the measurement of pH is indicated by a value of 7 and for the specific gravity test the result is 0.8679 g/ml. The viscosity of the hand sanitizer of eucalyptus oil extract in this study had a value of 4.1 cP. Testing the cleaning power of hand sanitizer preparations with a contact time test of 60 seconds against Aspergillus niger. The results of testing the cleaning power of the Aspergillus niger fungus in hand sanitizer preparations with a contact time test of 60 seconds obtained the cleaning power of the Aspergillus niger fungus of 99.9%. hand sanitizer preparations with a combination of eucalyptus oil extract have very good effectiveness against the fungus Aspergillus niger and have good preparation quality in meeting the pH, specific gravity, and viscosity tests of hand sanitizer preparations.
{"title":"Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer Combination of Eucalyptus Oil Extract against Aspergillus Niger Fungus","authors":"Lukky Jayadi, Sandry Kesuma, Muhammad Hasan Wattiheluw","doi":"10.4028/p-8igle9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8igle9","url":null,"abstract":"The use of hand sanitizers as a protector for the general public has become a lifestyle today. Several types of hand sanitizer preparations can be found in various places. Alcohol is generally used as a microorganism-free material to clean the surface of the hands and clean the skin from various kinds of contamination including fungi. Alcohol in hand sanitizer preparations has various functions including killing fungi, neutralizing various types of microorganisms including fungi. Eucalyptus oil has antifungal properties and is an important component to inhibit the contamination of microorganisms that are harmful to the body such as fungi. This study aims to make an alcohol-based hand sanitizer preparation with a combination of eucalyptus oil extract that can clean the Aspergillus niger fungus. The results of this study, the measurement of pH is indicated by a value of 7 and for the specific gravity test the result is 0.8679 g/ml. The viscosity of the hand sanitizer of eucalyptus oil extract in this study had a value of 4.1 cP. Testing the cleaning power of hand sanitizer preparations with a contact time test of 60 seconds against Aspergillus niger. The results of testing the cleaning power of the Aspergillus niger fungus in hand sanitizer preparations with a contact time test of 60 seconds obtained the cleaning power of the Aspergillus niger fungus of 99.9%. hand sanitizer preparations with a combination of eucalyptus oil extract have very good effectiveness against the fungus Aspergillus niger and have good preparation quality in meeting the pH, specific gravity, and viscosity tests of hand sanitizer preparations.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pham Thi Viet Huong, Le Duc Thinh, Phung Van Kien, Tran Anh Vu
Lung sound analysis plays an important role in the assessment and diagnosis of respiratory conditions and diseases. It can provide valuable information about the functioning of the respiratory system, including the airways, lungs, and associated structures. By analyzing the characteristics of lung sounds, healthcare professionals can gain insights into the presence of abnormalities, such as airway obstructions, lung diseases, and respiratory infections. In this paper, a multiple channel model for processing and classifying abnormalities in lung sound is proposed, which utilize the characteristics of Mel spectrogram and the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Unlike previous research which directly convert the lung sound into scalogram or spectrogram, the pre-processing of the original audio signal is considered and focused in this paper. This pre-processing step includes denoising, resampling, padding and augmentation, which incredibly increase the quality of the input signal. Finally, the multiple channel is put into the VGG16 deep learning model to classify the abnormalities in lung sound, including wheezes, crackles, and both. The model is trained and tested on the benchmark ICBHI dataset. The proposed model has shown better performance when compared with the state-of-the-art researches.
{"title":"Multiple Channels Model Based on Mel Spectrogram for Classifying Abnormalities in Lung Sound","authors":"Pham Thi Viet Huong, Le Duc Thinh, Phung Van Kien, Tran Anh Vu","doi":"10.4028/p-21pucq","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-21pucq","url":null,"abstract":"Lung sound analysis plays an important role in the assessment and diagnosis of respiratory conditions and diseases. It can provide valuable information about the functioning of the respiratory system, including the airways, lungs, and associated structures. By analyzing the characteristics of lung sounds, healthcare professionals can gain insights into the presence of abnormalities, such as airway obstructions, lung diseases, and respiratory infections. In this paper, a multiple channel model for processing and classifying abnormalities in lung sound is proposed, which utilize the characteristics of Mel spectrogram and the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). Unlike previous research which directly convert the lung sound into scalogram or spectrogram, the pre-processing of the original audio signal is considered and focused in this paper. This pre-processing step includes denoising, resampling, padding and augmentation, which incredibly increase the quality of the input signal. Finally, the multiple channel is put into the VGG16 deep learning model to classify the abnormalities in lung sound, including wheezes, crackles, and both. The model is trained and tested on the benchmark ICBHI dataset. The proposed model has shown better performance when compared with the state-of-the-art researches.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatoni Udaneni, Muchfi Azizah, Dewanto Harjunowibowo, Mohammad Alauhdin, Peni Indrayudha, Yulianto Agung Rezeki
Nanoparticles have emerged as promising tools for cancer treatment due to their ability to selectively deliver drugs to the tumor site while avoiding significant systemic side effects. Chitosan nanoparticles, among various types of nanoparticles, have gained significant attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and local drug delivery capacity. The electrospray technique is an efficient method for preparing chitosan nanoparticles, offering reproducibility, scalability, and high drug encapsulation efficiency. This technique has gained popularity due to its ease of use and flexibility in meeting various demands of nanoparticle production. Recent studies have investigated the potential of chitosan nanoparticles prepared by electrospray technique to encapsulate a range of drugs. The method leverages active surface absorption, binding, or complexation with drugs. For example, chitosan-based nanoparticles loaded with DOX and QUE achieved high encapsulation efficiency of 83% and effectively inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cancer cells. Similarly, SNP-CH-DOX-CM nanoparticles showed significant anti-cancer activity against HepG2 tumors. However, it should be noted that the toxicity of nanoparticles is directly related to the concentration of the active substance. Therefore, careful optimization of drug dosing is necessary to minimize any potential toxicity.
{"title":"Electrosprayed Chitosan Nanoparticles for Drug Carriers in Cancer Treatment - A Mini Review","authors":"Fatoni Udaneni, Muchfi Azizah, Dewanto Harjunowibowo, Mohammad Alauhdin, Peni Indrayudha, Yulianto Agung Rezeki","doi":"10.4028/p-3p3di4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-3p3di4","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles have emerged as promising tools for cancer treatment due to their ability to selectively deliver drugs to the tumor site while avoiding significant systemic side effects. Chitosan nanoparticles, among various types of nanoparticles, have gained significant attention due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and local drug delivery capacity. The electrospray technique is an efficient method for preparing chitosan nanoparticles, offering reproducibility, scalability, and high drug encapsulation efficiency. This technique has gained popularity due to its ease of use and flexibility in meeting various demands of nanoparticle production. Recent studies have investigated the potential of chitosan nanoparticles prepared by electrospray technique to encapsulate a range of drugs. The method leverages active surface absorption, binding, or complexation with drugs. For example, chitosan-based nanoparticles loaded with DOX and QUE achieved high encapsulation efficiency of 83% and effectively inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cancer cells. Similarly, SNP-CH-DOX-CM nanoparticles showed significant anti-cancer activity against HepG2 tumors. However, it should be noted that the toxicity of nanoparticles is directly related to the concentration of the active substance. Therefore, careful optimization of drug dosing is necessary to minimize any potential toxicity.","PeriodicalId":15161,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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