S. Vijayasanthi, R. Akila, M. Ayyandurai, R. Kannan
In Tamil Nadu state, Thoothukudi district ranked second in banana production and especially the Tamirabarani tract of Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli districts are known for the production of various banana cultivars like Rasthali, Andhra Kozhi, Karpooravalli, Neypoovan, Poovan, Peyan and Chakkai. Among these varieties, cultivation of Rasthali faces 50-60% yield loss due to the incidence of Fusarium wilt disease. As the farmers have been practising ratooning for 6-7 year continuously which enhances the inoculum load of the pathogen and make the plantains succumb to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Studies carried out on different treatments in the management of Fusarium wilt of banana, Trichoderma sp. Tsp1(ALG) showed a maximum reduction of mycelial growth of Foc (72.18%) over control which was on par with Pseudomonas fluorescence 1(Pf1). Under pot culture conditions the combination of three treatments, Tsp1(ALG)+Pf1+ neem cake excelled and showed an 80% reduction of wilt incidence. A multifaceted approach comprising the application of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma sp.) + Pseudomonas sp. 1 (TNAU) and organic amendments was found to be the best management practice in containing the wilt.
{"title":"Survey, identification and management of Fusarium wilt of banana in Tamirabarani tract of Southern districts of Tamil Nadu","authors":"S. Vijayasanthi, R. Akila, M. Ayyandurai, R. Kannan","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2022/30449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/30449","url":null,"abstract":"In Tamil Nadu state, Thoothukudi district ranked second in banana production and especially the Tamirabarani tract of Thoothukudi and Tirunelveli districts are known for the production of various banana cultivars like Rasthali, Andhra Kozhi, Karpooravalli, Neypoovan, Poovan, Peyan and Chakkai. Among these varieties, cultivation of Rasthali faces 50-60% yield loss due to the incidence of Fusarium wilt disease. As the farmers have been practising ratooning for 6-7 year continuously which enhances the inoculum load of the pathogen and make the plantains succumb to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Studies carried out on different treatments in the management of Fusarium wilt of banana, Trichoderma sp. Tsp1(ALG) showed a maximum reduction of mycelial growth of Foc (72.18%) over control which was on par with Pseudomonas fluorescence 1(Pf1). Under pot culture conditions the combination of three treatments, Tsp1(ALG)+Pf1+ neem cake excelled and showed an 80% reduction of wilt incidence. A multifaceted approach comprising the application of biocontrol agents (Trichoderma sp.) + Pseudomonas sp. 1 (TNAU) and organic amendments was found to be the best management practice in containing the wilt.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81482228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Kakraliya, R. Ahir, A. L. Yadav, S. Choudhary, Prof Vikas Kumar, Manish Raman, S. L. Yadav
Studies on the relative efficacy of biocontrol agents under in vitro and in vivo conditions showed that combined treatment of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens was most effective followed by T. viride + P. fluorescens in management of Alternaria blight of cumin. Pseudomonas fluorescens when treated alone was least effective. Trichoderma harzianum + P. fluorescens recorded 40.86 per cent disease intensity with 35.95 per cent disease control and realization of seed yield of 3.63 q/ha which was 100.55 per cent more than that obtained in control.
{"title":"Management of Alternaria blight of cumin caused by Alternaria burnsii by biocontrol agents, Trichoderma and Pseudomonas","authors":"G. Kakraliya, R. Ahir, A. L. Yadav, S. Choudhary, Prof Vikas Kumar, Manish Raman, S. L. Yadav","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2022/28333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2022/28333","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the relative efficacy of biocontrol agents under in vitro and in vivo conditions showed that combined treatment of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens was most effective followed by T. viride + P. fluorescens in management of Alternaria blight of cumin. Pseudomonas fluorescens when treated alone was least effective. Trichoderma harzianum + P. fluorescens recorded 40.86 per cent disease intensity with 35.95 per cent disease control and realization of seed yield of 3.63 q/ha which was 100.55 per cent more than that obtained in control.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83668715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. G, Chandrasekaran M., I. K, Soundararajan R. P., Y. P.
The study was conducted to assess and document the diversity, abundance of insect predators and its relationship with weather parameters in brinjal ecosystem at Horticultural farm, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Thiruchirapalli. The study has shown that the Lynx spider, Peucetia viridana was the dominant species with relative abundance of 19.04% and 20.39%, respectively in IPM and non-IPM plots. Among the coccinellid predators, Brumoides sutularis was recorded as the predominant species with relative abundance of 13.82% and 20.42% in respective IPM and non - IPM plots. Simpson and Shannon Weiner index of the present study showed that the natural enemies’ population was abundant in intercropped (IPM) plot than in the non - IPM plot. Spider population fluctuated throughout the cropping period and exhibited positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.097 to 0.465), morning relative humidity and negative correlation with rainfall (r = - 0.078 to - 0.395) exhibiting that the population buildup was good at high temperature. Similarly, correlation coefficient obtained for coccinellids also exhibited that the maximum temperature (r = 0.057 to 0.443), minimum temperature and morning relative humidity had positive effect on the population. Whilst, wind velocity and rainfall (r = - 0.020 to - 0.990) implicated negative effect on the population of coccinellid predators. The neuropteran and heteropteran predators showed negative correlation with maximum temperature, evening relative humidity and positive correlation with minimum temperature, morning relative humidity and rainfall.
{"title":"Diversity and population dynamics of predatory fauna in the brinjal ecosystem under IPM and non-IPM situations","authors":"G. G, Chandrasekaran M., I. K, Soundararajan R. P., Y. P.","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28638","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to assess and document the diversity, abundance of insect predators and its relationship with weather parameters in brinjal ecosystem at Horticultural farm, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Thiruchirapalli. The study has shown that the Lynx spider, Peucetia viridana was the dominant species with relative abundance of 19.04% and 20.39%, respectively in IPM and non-IPM plots. Among the coccinellid predators, Brumoides sutularis was recorded as the predominant species with relative abundance of 13.82% and 20.42% in respective IPM and non - IPM plots. Simpson and Shannon Weiner index of the present study showed that the natural enemies’ population was abundant in intercropped (IPM) plot than in the non - IPM plot. Spider population fluctuated throughout the cropping period and exhibited positive correlation with maximum temperature (r = 0.097 to 0.465), morning relative humidity and negative correlation with rainfall (r = - 0.078 to - 0.395) exhibiting that the population buildup was good at high temperature. Similarly, correlation coefficient obtained for coccinellids also exhibited that the maximum temperature (r = 0.057 to 0.443), minimum temperature and morning relative humidity had positive effect on the population. Whilst, wind velocity and rainfall (r = - 0.020 to - 0.990) implicated negative effect on the population of coccinellid predators. The neuropteran and heteropteran predators showed negative correlation with maximum temperature, evening relative humidity and positive correlation with minimum temperature, morning relative humidity and rainfall.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76540942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out to evaluate the indigenous fungi from soil against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Eleven isolates were isolated and screened for their efficacy against nematode under in vitro condition for egg hatching and juvenile mortality. The results revealed that the isolate F6 showed the highest egg hatching inhibition (88.5%) followed by F11 and F7 compared to control after incubation for 72 h. The highest juvenile mortality of 73% was recorded in isolate F6 followed by F11 and F9 after 72 h. Isolate F6 was morphologically and molecularly identified as Talaromyces pinophilus and F9 and F11 were identified as Aspergillus corrugates and Aspergillus nidulans. Among the fungi, T. pinophilus was found to be highly effective against root knot nematode.
{"title":"Isolation and in vitro studies on indigenous fungi against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita","authors":"Nithya Dharshini K., J. G, S. N., L. Rajendran","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28554","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to evaluate the indigenous fungi from soil against the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Eleven isolates were isolated and screened for their efficacy against nematode under in vitro condition for egg hatching and juvenile mortality. The results revealed that the isolate F6 showed the highest egg hatching inhibition (88.5%) followed by F11 and F7 compared to control after incubation for 72 h. The highest juvenile mortality of 73% was recorded in isolate F6 followed by F11 and F9 after 72 h. Isolate F6 was morphologically and molecularly identified as Talaromyces pinophilus and F9 and F11 were identified as Aspergillus corrugates and Aspergillus nidulans. Among the fungi, T. pinophilus was found to be highly effective against root knot nematode.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79050855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-05DOI: 10.18311//jbc/2021/27794
R. Jayalakshmi, G. Sobanbabu, R. Oviya, S. Mehetre, R. Kannan, M. Paramasivam, V. Santhanakrishnan, K. K. Kumar, M. Theradimani, V. Ramamoorthy
Gliotoxin is a potent antibiotic showing antifungal activity against various phytopathogenic fungi. It is produced by Q strains of Trichoderma virens and gliotoxin non-producing strains of T. virens are designated as P strains. There is no detailed study on effect of gliotoxin on suppression of damping off of tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and its phytotoxicity effect on tomato plants. Thus, the present study was carried out to assess the effect of gliotoxin on inhibition of mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum, its phytotoxicity effect on tomato and its role on the suppression of damping off of tomato. Culture filtrates of Q strains of T. virens containing gliotoxin highly inhibited the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum compared to that of P strains of T. virens. Purified gliotoxin but not bis-thiomethyl gliotoxin effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum. Tomato seeds treated with purified gliotoxin did not inhibit the germination of seeds, its root and shoot length even at higher concentration that is at 1000 ppm (fivefold inhibitory concentration against P. aphanidermatum). Foliar spray of gliotoxin on tomato plants did not show any phytotoxic effect at lower concentration but showed scorching effect at higher concentration. Seed treatment with gliotoxin producing Q strains of T. virens showed greater suppression of damping-off tomato compared to P strains of T. virens. This study clearly showed that gliotoxin producing T. virens could be used in suppression of damping-off disease incidence in tomato.
{"title":"Evaluation of gliotoxin phytotoxicity and gliotoxin producing Trichoderma virens for the suppression of damping off of tomato","authors":"R. Jayalakshmi, G. Sobanbabu, R. Oviya, S. Mehetre, R. Kannan, M. Paramasivam, V. Santhanakrishnan, K. K. Kumar, M. Theradimani, V. Ramamoorthy","doi":"10.18311//jbc/2021/27794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311//jbc/2021/27794","url":null,"abstract":"Gliotoxin is a potent antibiotic showing antifungal activity against various phytopathogenic fungi. It is produced by Q strains of Trichoderma virens and gliotoxin non-producing strains of T. virens are designated as P strains. There is no detailed study on effect of gliotoxin on suppression of damping off of tomato caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and its phytotoxicity effect on tomato plants. Thus, the present study was carried out to assess the effect of gliotoxin on inhibition of mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum, its phytotoxicity effect on tomato and its role on the suppression of damping off of tomato. Culture filtrates of Q strains of T. virens containing gliotoxin highly inhibited the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum compared to that of P strains of T. virens. Purified gliotoxin but not bis-thiomethyl gliotoxin effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of P. aphanidermatum. Tomato seeds treated with purified gliotoxin did not inhibit the germination of seeds, its root and shoot length even at higher concentration that is at 1000 ppm (fivefold inhibitory concentration against P. aphanidermatum). Foliar spray of gliotoxin on tomato plants did not show any phytotoxic effect at lower concentration but showed scorching effect at higher concentration. Seed treatment with gliotoxin producing Q strains of T. virens showed greater suppression of damping-off tomato compared to P strains of T. virens. This study clearly showed that gliotoxin producing T. virens could be used in suppression of damping-off disease incidence in tomato.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86255179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial antagonist, Bacillus spp. cultures were isolated from different places of Kuttanad region. Three effective endophytic Bacillus strains viz., B 15, B 17 and B 33 were tested in the separate field experiments against sheath blight and bacterial blight diseases of rice during Kharif 2017, Rabi 2018-19, Kharif 2019 and Kharif 2020. In the field study, the Bacillus cultures were treated as standard bioagent application methods of seed (10 g/kg), soil (1 kg/acre) and foliar (20 g/litre of water) spraying against the major diseases in rice. The rice associated native Bacillus cultures B 15, B 17 and B 33 were found equally effective for the sheath blight and bacterial blight diseases management. All the three native Bacillus species can be used as potential biopesticides against rice sheath blight and bacterial diseases in Kuttanad region.
{"title":"Evaluation of rice associated Bacillus spp. against sheath blight and bacterial blight of rice","authors":"M. Surendran, A. K. Thomas, N. Jose, A. K. Ambily","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28034","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial antagonist, Bacillus spp. cultures were isolated from different places of Kuttanad region. Three effective endophytic Bacillus strains viz., B 15, B 17 and B 33 were tested in the separate field experiments against sheath blight and bacterial blight diseases of rice during Kharif 2017, Rabi 2018-19, Kharif 2019 and Kharif 2020. In the field study, the Bacillus cultures were treated as standard bioagent application methods of seed (10 g/kg), soil (1 kg/acre) and foliar (20 g/litre of water) spraying against the major diseases in rice. The rice associated native Bacillus cultures B 15, B 17 and B 33 were found equally effective for the sheath blight and bacterial blight diseases management. All the three native Bacillus species can be used as potential biopesticides against rice sheath blight and bacterial diseases in Kuttanad region.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"24 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79712399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of artificial establishment of Beauveria bassiana as endophyte in cotton plant using different inoculation methods, and aimed to determine the effect of colonisation in cotton plant on key insect pests of cotton. Eight strains of B. bassiana isolated as endophytes were used in this experiment. The strains B. bassiana isolated as endophytes were concentrated at 1×108 conidia ml ?1 and bioassays were conducted under laboratory conditions on Aphis gossypii, Spodoptera litura and Pectinophora gossypiella. These endophytic strains demonstrated high virulence against above mentioned insects. Different inoculation methods were used to establish B. bassiana as endophyte in cotton plants. Endophytic colonisation of B. bassiana was successful in cotton plant. Beauveria bassiana colonised plant infested with insect was monitored at different time intervals. Survival of the insect was affected considerably in the B. bassiana inoculated plant. The current study clearly indicated that strains of B. bassiana isolated as endophytes caused the mortality of A. gosypii, S. litura and P. gossypiella as an entomopathogen and also as an endophyte.
{"title":"In planta colonisation of Beauveria bassiana in cotton plant and its effect against insect pests","authors":"M. Amutha","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28489","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of artificial establishment of Beauveria bassiana as endophyte in cotton plant using different inoculation methods, and aimed to determine the effect of colonisation in cotton plant on key insect pests of cotton. Eight strains of B. bassiana isolated as endophytes were used in this experiment. The strains B. bassiana isolated as endophytes were concentrated at 1×108 conidia ml ?1 and bioassays were conducted under laboratory conditions on Aphis gossypii, Spodoptera litura and Pectinophora gossypiella. These endophytic strains demonstrated high virulence against above mentioned insects. Different inoculation methods were used to establish B. bassiana as endophyte in cotton plants. Endophytic colonisation of B. bassiana was successful in cotton plant. Beauveria bassiana colonised plant infested with insect was monitored at different time intervals. Survival of the insect was affected considerably in the B. bassiana inoculated plant. The current study clearly indicated that strains of B. bassiana isolated as endophytes caused the mortality of A. gosypii, S. litura and P. gossypiella as an entomopathogen and also as an endophyte.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78155700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Maheesha, V. Balasubramani, M. Murugan, M. Raveendran, G. Rajadurai, T. Tamilnayagan, E. Kokiladevi, N. Sathiah
Toxicity of nine indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolates collected from Tamil Nadu, India were tested against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. At 30 ?g/ml concentration, two Bt isolates viz., T350 and T532 recorded 100 per cent mortality whereas isolates T527 and T532 registered 96 per cent mortality against neonate larvae of S. frugiperda in leaf dip bioassay. SDS PAGE analysis of spore crystal mixture revealed the presence of Cry1 and Cry2 proteins with visible bands at 130 kDa and 65 kDa. PCR screening results showed the presence of cry1 (cry1A, cry1Aa, cry1Ab), cry2 (cry2Aa, cry2Ab) in four isolates and vip3A genes in three isolates but cry9 gene was not present in any of the isolates tested.
{"title":"Characterisation of native Bacillus thuringiensis isolates toxicity to fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)","authors":"M. Maheesha, V. Balasubramani, M. Murugan, M. Raveendran, G. Rajadurai, T. Tamilnayagan, E. Kokiladevi, N. Sathiah","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28812","url":null,"abstract":"Toxicity of nine indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolates collected from Tamil Nadu, India were tested against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. At 30 ?g/ml concentration, two Bt isolates viz., T350 and T532 recorded 100 per cent mortality whereas isolates T527 and T532 registered 96 per cent mortality against neonate larvae of S. frugiperda in leaf dip bioassay. SDS PAGE analysis of spore crystal mixture revealed the presence of Cry1 and Cry2 proteins with visible bands at 130 kDa and 65 kDa. PCR screening results showed the presence of cry1 (cry1A, cry1Aa, cry1Ab), cry2 (cry2Aa, cry2Ab) in four isolates and vip3A genes in three isolates but cry9 gene was not present in any of the isolates tested.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78443293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. are extremely polyphagous pests of both tropical and subtropical crops that cause a great reduction in crop yields and quality. In vegetable production, 10–30% yield loss is caused by root-knot nematode infestation. Pasteuria penetrans is a hyperparasitic bacterium of M. incognita that has a high degree of biocontrol potential. Though, the application of P. penetrans in the form of root powder had been tested by a few scientists in the nurseries, it is highly impractical in the main fields. Commercial formulation of this bacterium is not available in India till date. Based on these facts, four different formulations of P. penetrans viz., kaolinite clay, Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC), wettable talc powder and sodium alginate beads were prepared and tested for its parasitization potential. Among the four, EC formulation showed the highest parasitization potential of 84.6% with a spore load of 11.2/J2 (second stage juvenile). These formulations were stored under room temperature (27±1ºC) to record spore viability. The observation showed that the spores were viable upto 60 days with the highest parasitization of 84.7% in EC formulation. An in-vitro test was carried out in tomato plants to document the infection in M. incognita by endospores released from the formulations. The observation also showed that the spores released from the formulations were multiplied in the female body. Two cell stage and four cell stages of spores were observed in J3 and pre-adult stages of the nematode. The results of this study showed that the EC formulation is highly suitable for field application.
{"title":"Efficacy of formulation of nematode antagonistic bacterium, Pasteuria penetrans (Thorne) Sayre and Starr, 1985 against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita","authors":"Srishalini S., S. N., J. G, T. G.","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/28604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/28604","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. are extremely polyphagous pests of both tropical and subtropical crops that cause a great reduction in crop yields and quality. In vegetable production, 10–30% yield loss is caused by root-knot nematode infestation. Pasteuria penetrans is a hyperparasitic bacterium of M. incognita that has a high degree of biocontrol potential. Though, the application of P. penetrans in the form of root powder had been tested by a few scientists in the nurseries, it is highly impractical in the main fields. Commercial formulation of this bacterium is not available in India till date. Based on these facts, four different formulations of P. penetrans viz., kaolinite clay, Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC), wettable talc powder and sodium alginate beads were prepared and tested for its parasitization potential. Among the four, EC formulation showed the highest parasitization potential of 84.6% with a spore load of 11.2/J2 (second stage juvenile). These formulations were stored under room temperature (27±1ºC) to record spore viability. The observation showed that the spores were viable upto 60 days with the highest parasitization of 84.7% in EC formulation. An in-vitro test was carried out in tomato plants to document the infection in M. incognita by endospores released from the formulations. The observation also showed that the spores released from the formulations were multiplied in the female body. Two cell stage and four cell stages of spores were observed in J3 and pre-adult stages of the nematode. The results of this study showed that the EC formulation is highly suitable for field application.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81338586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandeep Singh, B. Ramanujam, Rajwinder Kaur Sandhu, A. Kandan, B. Poornesha, Rupa Kundu
Surveys were conducted during 2017 and 2018 in the citrus orchards of Punjab, India to record the incidence of different insect pests and their natural enemies. During October-December, Entomopathogenic Fungus (EPF), Aschersonia aleyrodis was found to infect nymphs and pupae of citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri on the lower leaf surface of Kinnow from the orchards of Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Mansa and Fazilka districts.The fungus was isolated from the infected nymphs and pupae and morphological studies were conducted to confirm the identity of the entomopathogenic fungus. Aschersonia aleyrodis was reported for the first time on D. citri under Punjab conditions and this EPF also confirmed by amplification and sequencing of beta tubulin gene showed 99.40 per cent identity in NCBI, GenBank. Hence further studies on the host range, interaction with other insect pests and parasitoids, survival and longevity should be conducted to explore the potential of this fungus as microbial biocontrol agent for citrus whitefly.
{"title":"Natural occurrence of entomopathogenic fungus, Aschersonia aleyrodis on citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead) in Kinnow mandarin in Punjab, India","authors":"Sandeep Singh, B. Ramanujam, Rajwinder Kaur Sandhu, A. Kandan, B. Poornesha, Rupa Kundu","doi":"10.18311/jbc/2021/29506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2021/29506","url":null,"abstract":"Surveys were conducted during 2017 and 2018 in the citrus orchards of Punjab, India to record the incidence of different insect pests and their natural enemies. During October-December, Entomopathogenic Fungus (EPF), Aschersonia aleyrodis was found to infect nymphs and pupae of citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri on the lower leaf surface of Kinnow from the orchards of Hoshiarpur, Ludhiana, Mansa and Fazilka districts.The fungus was isolated from the infected nymphs and pupae and morphological studies were conducted to confirm the identity of the entomopathogenic fungus. Aschersonia aleyrodis was reported for the first time on D. citri under Punjab conditions and this EPF also confirmed by amplification and sequencing of beta tubulin gene showed 99.40 per cent identity in NCBI, GenBank. Hence further studies on the host range, interaction with other insect pests and parasitoids, survival and longevity should be conducted to explore the potential of this fungus as microbial biocontrol agent for citrus whitefly.","PeriodicalId":15188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biological Control","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90779003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：