Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2024.100505
Nikolas R. Faust , Rosemary L. Walzem
The study aimed to develop and validate a robust, non-invasive method for assessing corticosterone (CORT) concentrations in poultry feathers as an indication of lifelong stress. Traditional sample preparation using methanol extraction showed high variability, prompting the exploration of a keratinase-based protocol. Three protocols were compared: methanol extraction (MP), original keratinase (KP), and an optimized keratinase protocol (OKP). The OKP significantly reduced intra-assay variability to 5.4 % compared to 61 % (MP) and 33 % (KP). Feather CORT levels were reliably quantified using the OKP, showing linear recovery of spiked samples (R² = 0.97). No significant correlation was found between plasma and feather CORT concentrations, underscoring the potential of feather sampling for long-term, as opposed to acute, stress assessment in poultry. This optimized method provides a valuable tool for animal welfare studies, enabling accurate and consistent measurement of feather CORT levels across different poultry strains and conditions.
{"title":"Applied research note: Optimized corticosterone extraction following feather dissolution by keratinase","authors":"Nikolas R. Faust , Rosemary L. Walzem","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to develop and validate a robust, non-invasive method for assessing corticosterone (CORT) concentrations in poultry feathers as an indication of lifelong stress. Traditional sample preparation using methanol extraction showed high variability, prompting the exploration of a keratinase-based protocol. Three protocols were compared: methanol extraction (MP), original keratinase (KP), and an optimized keratinase protocol (OKP). The OKP significantly reduced intra-assay variability to 5.4 % compared to 61 % (MP) and 33 % (KP). Feather CORT levels were reliably quantified using the OKP, showing linear recovery of spiked samples (R² = 0.97). No significant correlation was found between plasma and feather CORT concentrations, underscoring the potential of feather sampling for long-term, as opposed to acute, stress assessment in poultry. This optimized method provides a valuable tool for animal welfare studies, enabling accurate and consistent measurement of feather CORT levels across different poultry strains and conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2024.100503
S. Haldar , S.S. Arora , A.K. Dhara , A. Debnath
This study investigated the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with high-fibre cottonseed meal (HF-CSM) on performance traits and expression of certain nutrient co-transporter genes in the small intestine of male broiler chickens. The HF-CSM had lower CP and AME but higher EE, CF, NDF, and ADF compared to SBM. The free gossypol (FG) concentrations in the HF-CSM-containing diets were well below the limit (100 mg/kg) permitted by the European Union in complete chicken feed. Replacing up to 15 % of SBM in the diets of the experimental chickens with the HF-CSM had an insignificant (P > 0.05) effect on BW, FCR, or European Productivity Index at the time of harvest (42 d), and the 10 % replacement of SBM with HF-CSM (equivalent to 2.5 % inclusion of HF-CSM in the total ration) had effects similar to the all-SBM diet. Viscosity of jejunal digesta increased with the inclusion level of HF-CSM in diet when measured at 24 d (P = 0.048, linear effect) and 48 d (P = 0.001, quadratic effect). Inclusion of the HF-CSM upregulated the expression of nutrient co-transporter genes responsible for absorption of small peptides (PEPT-1), glucose and other hexose sugars (SGLT-1, GLUT-5), and amino acids (EAAT-3) in the small intestine at 24 d (P = 0.001, linear effect) and 42 d (P = 0.001, quadratic effect). Expression of PYY mRNA, associated with satiety regulation, increased with HF-CSM levels in diet at 24 d (P = 0.0001 linear effect) and 42 d (P = 0.001, linear effect), suggesting a potential anorexigenic effect. The study suggests that inclusion of HF-CSM by replacing 10-15 % of SBM on a weight-to-weight basis, which translates into 2.5–3 % inclusion of the former in the whole ration, may sustain the performance of broiler chickens
{"title":"Partial replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal in diets of broiler chicken sustains performance by upregulating the expression of nutrient transporter genes in small intestine","authors":"S. Haldar , S.S. Arora , A.K. Dhara , A. Debnath","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) with high-fibre cottonseed meal (HF-CSM) on performance traits and expression of certain nutrient co-transporter genes in the small intestine of male broiler chickens. The HF-CSM had lower CP and AME but higher EE, CF, NDF, and ADF compared to SBM. The free gossypol (FG) concentrations in the HF-CSM-containing diets were well below the limit (100 mg/kg) permitted by the European Union in complete chicken feed. Replacing up to 15 % of SBM in the diets of the experimental chickens with the HF-CSM had an insignificant (P > 0.05) effect on BW, FCR, or European Productivity Index at the time of harvest (42 d), and the 10 % replacement of SBM with HF-CSM (equivalent to 2.5 % inclusion of HF-CSM in the total ration) had effects similar to the all-SBM diet. Viscosity of jejunal digesta increased with the inclusion level of HF-CSM in diet when measured at 24 d (P = 0.048, linear effect) and 48 d (P = 0.001, quadratic effect). Inclusion of the HF-CSM upregulated the expression of nutrient co-transporter genes responsible for absorption of small peptides (PEPT-1), glucose and other hexose sugars (SGLT-1, GLUT-5), and amino acids (EAAT-3) in the small intestine at 24 d (P = 0.001, linear effect) and 42 d (P = 0.001, quadratic effect). Expression of PYY mRNA, associated with satiety regulation, increased with HF-CSM levels in diet at 24 d (P = 0.0001 linear effect) and 42 d (P = 0.001, linear effect), suggesting a potential anorexigenic effect. The study suggests that inclusion of HF-CSM by replacing 10-15 % of SBM on a weight-to-weight basis, which translates into 2.5–3 % inclusion of the former in the whole ration, may sustain the performance of broiler chickens</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of antioxidant compounds derived from synthetic sources (a combination of 200 mg vitamin C/kg, 150 mg vitamin E/kg, 0.30 mg Se yeast/kg, and 150 mg carnitine/kg) and phytogenic sources (a 1 % combination of clove, green tea pomace, and Vietnamese coriander) in breeder hens under heat stress (HS) on reproductive performance, egg quality, and offspring growth performance, and their antioxidant capacity. One hundred breeder hens were randomly divided into four treatments to receive either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with synthetic or phytogenic antioxidants under thermoneutral (TN) (23 ± 1 °C) and chronic HS (36 ± 1 °C for 4 h/day) conditions: T1: TN + basal diet, T2: HS + basal diet, T3: HS + synthetic antioxidants, and T4: HS + phytogenic antioxidants. The results showed that either synthetic or phytogenic antioxidants can improve the Haugh unit and maintain ovary weight, and large and small yellow follicles (P < 0.05). In addition, phytogenic antioxidants were also found to enhance egg yolk color. Although the body weight of offspring from either antioxidant source was initially low on day 1, it subsequently increased until reaching levels comparable to those in the TN and HS without supplementation by 3 weeks of age (P > 0.05). Either antioxidant source can improve free radical scavenging, reduce lipid peroxidation, upregulate the relative expression of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px mRNA, and downregulate HSP90 in offspring liver (P < 0.05). This study highlights the beneficial effects of combining either synthetic or phytogenic antioxidants to mitigate the negative impact of HS on breeder hens and the maternal antioxidant properties transmitted to their offspring.
{"title":"Alleviating heat stress on broiler breeder hens: Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on reproductive performance, egg quality, offspring growth, and antioxidant capacity","authors":"Phocharapon Pasri , Chayanan Pukkung , Pascal Mermillod , Nadine Gérard , Orapin Jantasaeng , Merisa Sirisopapong , Supattra Okrathok , Thanatat Thiabching , Sitthipong Rakngam , Kanokwan Kamkajon , Yongcai Zhu , Sutisa Khempaka","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of antioxidant compounds derived from synthetic sources (a combination of 200 mg vitamin C/kg, 150 mg vitamin E/kg, 0.30 mg Se yeast/kg, and 150 mg carnitine/kg) and phytogenic sources (a 1 % combination of clove, green tea pomace, and Vietnamese coriander) in breeder hens under heat stress (<strong>HS</strong>) on reproductive performance, egg quality, and offspring growth performance, and their antioxidant capacity. One hundred breeder hens were randomly divided into four treatments to receive either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with synthetic or phytogenic antioxidants under thermoneutral (<strong>TN</strong>) (23 ± 1 °C) and chronic HS (36 ± 1 °C for 4 h/day) conditions: T1: TN + basal diet, T2: HS + basal diet, T3: HS + synthetic antioxidants, and T4: HS + phytogenic antioxidants. The results showed that either synthetic or phytogenic antioxidants can improve the Haugh unit and maintain ovary weight, and large and small yellow follicles (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In addition, phytogenic antioxidants were also found to enhance egg yolk color. Although the body weight of offspring from either antioxidant source was initially low on day 1, it subsequently increased until reaching levels comparable to those in the TN and HS without supplementation by 3 weeks of age (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Either antioxidant source can improve free radical scavenging, reduce lipid peroxidation, upregulate the relative expression of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px mRNA, and downregulate HSP90 in offspring liver (<em>P</em> < 0.05). This study highlights the beneficial effects of combining either synthetic or phytogenic antioxidants to mitigate the negative impact of HS on breeder hens and the maternal antioxidant properties transmitted to their offspring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-26DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2024.100499
Maryam K. Mohammadi-Aragh , Katie L. Norris , Gary D. Chesser Jr. , John W. Lowe , Jeffrey D. Evans , Joseph L. Purswell , John E. Linhoss
Broiler litter management is critical for overall bird health and performance. Poor litter conditions can result in increased ammonia (NH3) volatilization and moisture, which negatively impact bird productivity and welfare. Poultry Litter Treatment® (PLT) is a litter amendment that has been applied to reduce ammonia (NH3) volatilization; however, PLT does not address litter moisture content (MC). Biochar (BC) is a porous material with a high surface area that may absorb moisture and mitigate NH3 volatilization. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of BC and PLT on MC, NH3 volatilization, and broiler performance during a 42-day flock grow-out. Birds were reared in 1.52 m x 2.74 m pens containing used litter, feeders, and a drinker line. Water activity, pH, and nutrient content were also evaluated. PLT and BC were surface applied at 0.73 kg∙m-2 and 30 % (vol/vol). A control of non-amended litter was included. Litter samples were collected at d 0, 17, 29, and 41. NH3 was measured on d 0, 14, 28, and 41. Litter treatment and grow-out time significantly impacted NH3 volatilization and MC. Overall, PLT had the lowest NH3 concentrations. On d 41, BC had the highest NH3 (104 ppm). BC-treated litter had the lowest MC and highest NH3, while PLT-treated litter was lowest in NH3 volatilization. Litter treatment had no effect on bird performance, indicating these amendments did not negatively affect bird performance. BC may promote lower MC; however, further research is needed to understand its effects on NH3 volatilization.
{"title":"Comparison of biochar and Poultry Litter Treatment (PLT) amendments on broiler litter quality and bird performance","authors":"Maryam K. Mohammadi-Aragh , Katie L. Norris , Gary D. Chesser Jr. , John W. Lowe , Jeffrey D. Evans , Joseph L. Purswell , John E. Linhoss","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Broiler litter management is critical for overall bird health and performance. Poor litter conditions can result in increased ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) volatilization and moisture, which negatively impact bird productivity and welfare. Poultry Litter Treatment® (PLT) is a litter amendment that has been applied to reduce ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) volatilization; however, PLT does not address litter moisture content (MC). Biochar (BC) is a porous material with a high surface area that may absorb moisture and mitigate NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of BC and PLT on MC, NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization, and broiler performance during a 42-day flock grow-out. Birds were reared in 1.52 m x 2.74 m pens containing used litter, feeders, and a drinker line. Water activity, pH, and nutrient content were also evaluated. PLT and BC were surface applied at 0.73 kg∙m<sup>-2</sup> and 30 % (vol/vol). A control of non-amended litter was included. Litter samples were collected at d 0, 17, 29, and 41. NH<sub>3</sub> was measured on d 0, 14, 28, and 41. Litter treatment and grow-out time significantly impacted NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization and MC. Overall, PLT had the lowest NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations. On d 41, BC had the highest NH<sub>3</sub> (104 ppm). BC-treated litter had the lowest MC and highest NH<sub>3</sub>, while PLT-treated litter was lowest in NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization. Litter treatment had no effect on bird performance, indicating these amendments did not negatively affect bird performance. BC may promote lower MC; however, further research is needed to understand its effects on NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"Article 100499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2024.100497
Aduayi Akue , Lamboni Lare , Essodina Talaki
The harmful chickens bacteria impedes poultry production and the antibiotics growth promoters (AGP) used presents a public health problem related to residues in poultry products. In 2006, the world health organization prohibited the use of AGP. Indeed, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of Eucalyptus globulus leaf powder (EgLP) as a growth promoter in Isa brown pullets. The growth parameters, Internal organs, hematology, and biochemical parameters were evaluated from the 9th to the 20th week. A total of 440 56-day-old Isa brown pullets were randomly allocated to 5 groups, each consisting of 4 replications, with 22 pullets in each replication. Treatments consisted of the control diet (CD) without EgLP and antibiotics, a negative control (group B-), CD with antibiotics and no EgLP, a positive control (group B+), CD + 0.25% of EgLP without antibiotic (group B1), CD with 0.50% of EgLP without antibiotic (group B2), and BD with 1% EgLP without antibiotic (group B3). The study reveled that pullet on 0.5% EgLP had the highest weight, feed intake and body weight gain at the end of the grower phase, as like the batches treated with antibiotics. The biochemical parameters such as Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase concentration were not affected by EgLP supplementation. For hematological parameters, only the leukocytes number from the negative control pullets was statistically higher. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that 0.5% of EgLP served as a useful replacement for antibiotic in Isa brown pullets in the grower phase.
{"title":"Effects of Eucalyptus globulus leaves powder on growth performance, internal organs weights, hematological and biochemical parameters of Isa brown pullets","authors":"Aduayi Akue , Lamboni Lare , Essodina Talaki","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The harmful chickens bacteria impedes poultry production and the antibiotics growth promoters (AGP) used presents a public health problem related to residues in poultry products. In 2006, the world health organization prohibited the use of AGP. Indeed, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> leaf powder (EgLP) as a growth promoter in <em>Isa brown</em> pullets. The growth parameters, Internal organs, hematology, and biochemical parameters were evaluated from the 9th to the 20th week. A total of 440 56-day-old <em>Isa brown</em> pullets were randomly allocated to 5 groups, each consisting of 4 replications, with 22 pullets in each replication. Treatments consisted of the control diet (CD) without EgLP and antibiotics, a negative control (group B-), CD with antibiotics and no EgLP, a positive control (group B+), CD + 0.25% of EgLP without antibiotic (group B1), CD with 0.50% of EgLP without antibiotic (group B2), and BD with 1% EgLP without antibiotic (group B3). The study reveled that pullet on 0.5% EgLP had the highest weight, feed intake and body weight gain at the end of the grower phase, as like the batches treated with antibiotics. The biochemical parameters such as Alanine aminotransferase and Aspartate aminotransferase concentration were not affected by EgLP supplementation. For hematological parameters, only the leukocytes number from the negative control pullets was statistically higher. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that 0.5% of EgLP served as a useful replacement for antibiotic in <em>Isa brown</em> pullets in the grower phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2024.100496
Jennifer Schrock , Raksha Suresh , Olaitan Comfort Shekoni , Dina Bugybayeva , Sara Dolatyabi , Juliette Hanson , Frederick C Michel , Anne Dorrance , Gourapura J Renukaradhya
Avian influenza has been a growing problem in the United States for decades. Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus causes low morbidity, while highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has a devastating effect on the poultry industry causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Manure from large and small poultry operations is spread on crop fields as a fertilizer. During an outbreak of avian influenza on a farm, it is critical to adequately process the manure to kill the virus before its use in agriculture. Aqueous extraction of poultry manure at high temperature (55-65°C) is an attractive method for the treatment of poultry manure, which extracts the nutrients and kills harmful microbes from the manure. The end product is a nutrient-rich liquid that can be safely applied to fields or used in hydroponic operations, with nutrients that are more bioavailable to the plant compared to dry litter. However, we do not know whether aqueous high temperature extraction processes completely kill the avian influenza virus present in the manure. Our aim in this study was to determine the competence of the aqueous extraction of poultry manure on avian influenza virus inactivation. We optimized the procedure using a LPAI virus isolate in a biosafety level 2 cabinet. Our data indicated that the LPAI virus including the hemagglutinin protein of the virus was completely destroyed when the poultry manure was processed by aqueous extraction at temperatures ≥ 55°C for one hour. Future research will identify the conditions required for inactivating the HPAI virus using this optimized procedure by performing the study in a BSL3 facility.
{"title":"Survivability of low pathogenic avian influenza virus in aqueous poultry manure fertilizer","authors":"Jennifer Schrock , Raksha Suresh , Olaitan Comfort Shekoni , Dina Bugybayeva , Sara Dolatyabi , Juliette Hanson , Frederick C Michel , Anne Dorrance , Gourapura J Renukaradhya","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian influenza has been a growing problem in the United States for decades. Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) virus causes low morbidity, while highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has a devastating effect on the poultry industry causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Manure from large and small poultry operations is spread on crop fields as a fertilizer. During an outbreak of avian influenza on a farm, it is critical to adequately process the manure to kill the virus before its use in agriculture. Aqueous extraction of poultry manure at high temperature (55-65°C) is an attractive method for the treatment of poultry manure, which extracts the nutrients and kills harmful microbes from the manure. The end product is a nutrient-rich liquid that can be safely applied to fields or used in hydroponic operations, with nutrients that are more bioavailable to the plant compared to dry litter. However, we do not know whether aqueous high temperature extraction processes completely kill the avian influenza virus present in the manure. Our aim in this study was to determine the competence of the aqueous extraction of poultry manure on avian influenza virus inactivation. We optimized the procedure using a LPAI virus isolate in a biosafety level 2 cabinet. Our data indicated that the LPAI virus including the hemagglutinin protein of the virus was completely destroyed when the poultry manure was processed by aqueous extraction at temperatures ≥ 55°C for one hour. Future research will identify the conditions required for inactivating the HPAI virus using this optimized procedure by performing the study in a BSL3 facility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2024.100495
Styliani Lioliopoulou , Georgios A. Papadopoulos , Fani Th. Mantzouridou , Ilias Giannenas , Aggeliki G. Kalogeropoulou , Artemis Lioupi , Georgios Theodoridis , Paschalis Fortomaris
Pomegranate peel is a byproduct of the pomegranate juice industry, rich in bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and nutritional parameters of eggs from laying hens fed a diet supplemented with a pomegranate peel byproduct (PPB). A total of 48 Isa Brown laying hens were allotted to four groups (12 replicates per group) and offered the following diets for 8 weeks: Control (0% PPB); PPB1 (1% PPB); PPB2.5 (2.5% PPB); PPB5 (5% PPB). Eggs were collected and analyzed for egg quality parameters, yolk Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, fatty acid profile, total phenol content, α-tocopherol, cholesterol and lipidomic profile. Sampling was performed weekly, whereas a complete egg quality analysis was performed every two weeks. The results showed that eggshell weight was greater in PPB5 group compared to Control and PPB1 (P=0.008). Eggshell thickness was greater in PPB5 compared to PPB1 (P=0.016). Egg shape index was increased in PPB2.5 treatment (P=0.006). The higher PPB inclusion levels (2.5% and 5%) increased yolk coloration (P=0.014) and reduced yolk MDA content (P<0.001) compared to Control. However, cholesterol content was higher in PPB1 compared to Control (P=0.028). Regarding lipidomic analysis, differentiations in yolk lipid profile were found in PPB2.5 and PPB5 yolks compared to Control (P = 0.022 and P = 0.034 in ESI- and ESI+, respectively). Mainly ceramides were upregulated. Overall, PPB supplementation up to 5% in laying hens can improve several egg quality characteristics and reduce yolk lipid peroxidation.
{"title":"Pomegranate peel dietary supplementation in laying hens affects egg yolk color and eggshell quality, decreases yolk lipid oxidation and influences yolk lipidomic profile","authors":"Styliani Lioliopoulou , Georgios A. Papadopoulos , Fani Th. Mantzouridou , Ilias Giannenas , Aggeliki G. Kalogeropoulou , Artemis Lioupi , Georgios Theodoridis , Paschalis Fortomaris","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pomegranate peel is a byproduct of the pomegranate juice industry, rich in bioactive compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and nutritional parameters of eggs from laying hens fed a diet supplemented with a pomegranate peel byproduct (<strong>PPB</strong>). A total of 48 Isa Brown laying hens were allotted to four groups (12 replicates per group) and offered the following diets for 8 weeks: Control (0% PPB); PPB1 (1% PPB); PPB2.5 (2.5% PPB); PPB5 (5% PPB). Eggs were collected and analyzed for egg quality parameters, yolk Malondialdehyde (<strong>MDA</strong>) levels, fatty acid profile, total phenol content, α-tocopherol, cholesterol and lipidomic profile. Sampling was performed weekly, whereas a complete egg quality analysis was performed every two weeks. The results showed that eggshell weight was greater in PPB5 group compared to Control and PPB1 (<em>P</em>=0.008). Eggshell thickness was greater in PPB5 compared to PPB1 (<em>P</em>=0.016). Egg shape index was increased in PPB2.5 treatment (<em>P</em>=0.006). The higher PPB inclusion levels (2.5% and 5%) increased yolk coloration (<em>P</em>=0.014) and reduced yolk MDA content (<em>P</em><0.001) compared to Control. However, cholesterol content was higher in PPB1 compared to Control (<em>P</em>=0.028). Regarding lipidomic analysis, differentiations in yolk lipid profile were found in PPB2.5 and PPB5 yolks compared to Control (<em>P</em> = 0.022 and <em>P</em> = 0.034 in ESI- and ESI+, respectively). Mainly ceramides were upregulated. Overall, PPB supplementation up to 5% in laying hens can improve several egg quality characteristics and reduce yolk lipid peroxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2024.100498
Mahmoud Arisha , Adel I. Attia , Fayiz M. Reda , Islam M. Youssef , Azza R.F. El dosokey , Ayman A. Swelum , Yanfen Cheng , Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack
This study examined the potential effects of adding red pepper oil (RPO) and radish oil (RO) to broiler diets on the animals' development, immune system performance, and activity of digestive enzymes. A total of 300 1-day of age unsexed Arbor Acre chicks were allotted to five treatment groups in a complete randomized design experiment. Each group had sixty chicks divided into five replicate groups, each of 12 chicks. The 1st group (control group) was given a basal diet without supplements. A combination of RPO and RO was added to the basal diet of the remaining four groups at escalating levels: 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 g/kg of feed, respectively. Compared to the control, body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio significantly improved by adding RPO and RO at 0.6 or 0.9 g/kg of feed. Additionally, with varying RPO and RO levels, there was a considerable reduction in uric acid, creatinine, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Birds fed 0.6 g/kg of RPO and RO had lower triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Furthermore, including RPO and RO in the diet mainly impacted the activity of digestive enzymes and antioxidant levels. In addition, thymus and spleen relative weights had been influenced considerably. Additionally, the group that was fed the RPO and RO diet at a 0.9 g/kg level had the highest levels of these immune system markers. Interestingly, chicks fed diets with 0.9 g/kg of RPO and RO showed the lowest levels of E. coli, Salmonella, and coliforms. Additionally, there was a trend of increasing lactic acid bacteria levels with higher concentrations of RPO and RO compared to the control group. We might conclude that the RPO and RO addition in broilers' diets maximizes their production and immunity.
{"title":"Consequences of dietary red pepper and radish oils’ supplementation on growth, carcass traits, blood indices, digestive enzymes activity and intestinal microbial load of broilers","authors":"Mahmoud Arisha , Adel I. Attia , Fayiz M. Reda , Islam M. Youssef , Azza R.F. El dosokey , Ayman A. Swelum , Yanfen Cheng , Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the potential effects of adding red pepper oil (RPO) and radish oil (RO) to broiler diets on the animals' development, immune system performance, and activity of digestive enzymes. A total of 300 1-day of age unsexed Arbor Acre chicks were allotted to five treatment groups in a complete randomized design experiment. Each group had sixty chicks divided into five replicate groups, each of 12 chicks. The 1st group (control group) was given a basal diet without supplements. A combination of RPO and RO was added to the basal diet of the remaining four groups at escalating levels: 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 g/kg of feed, respectively. Compared to the control, body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio significantly improved by adding RPO and RO at 0.6 or 0.9 g/kg of feed. Additionally, with varying RPO and RO levels, there was a considerable reduction in uric acid, creatinine, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Birds fed 0.6 g/kg of RPO and RO had lower triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Furthermore, including RPO and RO in the diet mainly impacted the activity of digestive enzymes and antioxidant levels. In addition, thymus and spleen relative weights had been influenced considerably. Additionally, the group that was fed the RPO and RO diet at a 0.9 g/kg level had the highest levels of these immune system markers. Interestingly, chicks fed diets with 0.9 g/kg of RPO and RO showed the lowest levels of <em>E. coli</em>, Salmonella, and coliforms. Additionally, there was a trend of increasing lactic acid bacteria levels with higher concentrations of RPO and RO compared to the control group. We might conclude that the RPO and RO addition in broilers' diets maximizes their production and immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2024.100494
Emily DePaoli, Doug Korver, Clover Bench
Keel bone damage (KBD), including deviations and fractures, is a welfare concern in laying hens leading to pain and decreased egg production. Shifting towards alternative housing systems has highlighted a need to evaluate how laying hen strain and perch shape contributes to perching biomechanics and KBD. Our study aimed to determine the effect of strain on perching biomechanics, keel deviations, body weight, and bone composition. Four commercial strains (Lohmann White, Shaver White, Lohmann Brown, ISA Brown) and two random-bred strains (Shaver Rhode Island Red and Antique White Leghorn) were studied (n = 20/treatment). Perching kinematics were evaluated on round and mushroom-shaped perches at 18, 29, and 70 weeks of age using continuous kinematic recordings. Instability indicators while perching included movement speed and motion in the x- (side-side), y- (forward-backward), and z-axes (up-down). Dual x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess bone parameters (femur and keel bone mineral content and density). Keel deviation severity was assessed via digital imaging post-mortem. Rhode Island Red hens had greater femur bone mineral density and content compared with all other strains evaluated. Higher-producing commercial strains had more incidences of severe keel deviations. Round perches led to faster forward-backward and up-down movements compared to mushroom perches. Commercial strains moved up-down more and forward-backward less than random-bred strains. Up-down movements were correlated with higher incidences of severe keel deviations. Overall, both strain and perch shape effected perching biomechanics. Specifically, round perches contributed to instability while perching. Commercial strains with more severe keel deviations moved up-down more than random-bred strains.
龙骨损伤（KBD），包括偏差和骨折，是蛋鸡福利方面的一个问题，会导致疼痛和产蛋量下降。向替代饲养系统的转变凸显了评估蛋鸡应变和栖架形状如何影响栖架生物力学和KBD的必要性。我们的研究旨在确定应变对栖息生物力学、龙骨偏差、体重和骨骼组成的影响。研究了四个商品品系（Lohmann White、Shaver White、Lohmann Brown、ISA Brown）和两个随机饲养品系（Shaver Rhode Island Red和Antique White Leghorn）（n = 20/处理）。在 18、29 和 70 周龄时，在圆形和蘑菇形栖木上使用连续运动学记录对栖木运动学进行评估。栖息时的不稳定性指标包括移动速度和X轴（侧面）、Y轴（前后）和Z轴（上下）的运动。双 X 射线吸收测量法用于评估骨骼参数（股骨和龙骨的骨矿物质含量和密度）。龙骨偏差的严重程度通过死后数字成像进行评估。与评估的所有其他品系相比，罗德岛红母鸡的股骨骨矿物质密度和含量更高。产量较高的商品品系出现严重龙骨偏差的几率更高。与蘑菇栖架相比，圆形栖架的前后移动和上下移动更快。与随机培育的品系相比，商品品系的上下运动更多，前后运动更少。上下运动与龙骨严重偏差发生率较高有关。总的来说，菌株和栖木形状都会影响栖木生物力学。具体来说，圆形栖木会导致栖木不稳定。与随机培育的品系相比，龙骨偏离更严重的商品品系的上下运动更多。
{"title":"The effect of laying hen strain on perching biomechanics and keel deviations","authors":"Emily DePaoli, Doug Korver, Clover Bench","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Keel bone damage (<strong>KBD</strong>), including deviations and fractures, is a welfare concern in laying hens leading to pain and decreased egg production. Shifting towards alternative housing systems has highlighted a need to evaluate how laying hen strain and perch shape contributes to perching biomechanics and KBD. Our study aimed to determine the effect of strain on perching biomechanics, keel deviations, body weight, and bone composition. Four commercial strains (Lohmann White, Shaver White, Lohmann Brown, ISA Brown) and two random-bred strains (Shaver Rhode Island Red and Antique White Leghorn) were studied (<em>n</em> = 20/treatment). Perching kinematics were evaluated on round and mushroom-shaped perches at 18, 29, and 70 weeks of age using continuous kinematic recordings. Instability indicators while perching included movement speed and motion in the x- (side-side), y- (forward-backward), and z-axes (up-down). Dual x-ray absorptiometry was used to assess bone parameters (femur and keel bone mineral content and density). Keel deviation severity was assessed via digital imaging post-mortem. Rhode Island Red hens had greater femur bone mineral density and content compared with all other strains evaluated. Higher-producing commercial strains had more incidences of severe keel deviations. Round perches led to faster forward-backward and up-down movements compared to mushroom perches. Commercial strains moved up-down more and forward-backward less than random-bred strains. Up-down movements were correlated with higher incidences of severe keel deviations. Overall, both strain and perch shape effected perching biomechanics. Specifically, round perches contributed to instability while perching. Commercial strains with more severe keel deviations moved up-down more than random-bred strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2024.100492
Carria Xie , Shemil Macelline , Sonia Liu , Mehdi Toghyani
Dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and amino acid (AA) densities not only drive key performance metrics but also constitute over 90% of total feed costs. Optimizing ME and AA levels is thus a strategic approach to enhancing cost-effectiveness. This study investigated how manipulating ME and AA levels at different growth phases affects Ross 308 male broiler chicks' performance and carcass yield. The standard diet (T1) followed Aviagen 2022 recommendations, while six treatments with varying ME and AA levels were administered: T2: reduced ME by 100 Kcal/kg in starter and 75 Kcal/kg in grower; T3: similar to T2 but with a 50 Kcal/kg ME increase in withdrawal; T4: reduced ME by 100 Kcal/kg and +4% AA increase in starter, with reduced ME by 75 Kcal/kg in grower; T5: similar to T4 but with a 50 Kcal/kg ME increase in withdrawal; T6: reduced ME by 100 Kcal/kg and +4% AA increase in starter, reduced ME by 75 Kcal/kg and +3% AA increase in grower, and reduced ME by 50 Kcal/kg in finisher; T7: similar to T6 with a 50 Kcal/kg ME increase in withdrawal. Final BW, FI, and FCR were not significantly affected by ME and AA densities. Diets with reduced ME in the starter and grower phases resulted in the lowest feed cost per kg of BW. Carcass traits did not differ across treatments. In conclusion, reducing dietary ME by 100 and 75 Kcal/kg in starter and grower phases, respectively, can potentially lower feed costs without adversely affecting productivity and carcass traits.
日粮代谢能（ME）和氨基酸（AA）密度不仅是关键性能指标的驱动因素，而且占饲料总成本的 90% 以上。因此，优化 ME 和 AA 水平是提高成本效益的一种战略方法。本研究调查了在不同生长阶段操纵 ME 和 AA 水平如何影响 Ross 308 雄性肉鸡的性能和胴体产量。标准日粮（T1）遵循安伟捷 2022 建议，同时采用六种不同 ME 和 AA 水平的处理方法：T2：初生雏鸡的 ME 减少 100 千卡/千克，生长雏鸡的 ME 减少 75 千卡/千克；T3：与 T2 相似，但戒断期的 ME 增加 50 千卡/千克；T4：初生雏鸡的 ME 减少 100 千卡/千克，AA 增加 +4%，生长雏鸡的 ME 减少 75 千卡/千克；T5：与 T4 相似，但退奶时 ME 增加 50 千卡/千克；T6：初生犊牛 ME 减少 100 千卡/千克，AA 增加 +4%，生长犊牛 ME 减少 75 千卡/千克，AA 增加 +3%，育成犊牛 ME 减少 50 千卡/千克；T7：与 T6 相似，退奶时 ME 增加 50 千卡/千克。最终体重、FI 和 FCR 受 ME 和 AA 密度的影响不大。初生期和生长期降低 ME 的日粮使每公斤体重的饲料成本最低。不同处理的胴体性状没有差异。总之，在初生期和生长期将日粮 ME 分别降低 100 千卡/千克和 75 千卡/千克有可能降低饲料成本，而不会对生产率和胴体性状产生不利影响。
{"title":"Optimizing dietary energy and amino acid densities in male broiler chickens: Impacts on performance, cost efficiency, and carcass quality","authors":"Carria Xie , Shemil Macelline , Sonia Liu , Mehdi Toghyani","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2024.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and amino acid (AA) densities not only drive key performance metrics but also constitute over 90% of total feed costs. Optimizing ME and AA levels is thus a strategic approach to enhancing cost-effectiveness. This study investigated how manipulating ME and AA levels at different growth phases affects Ross 308 male broiler chicks' performance and carcass yield. The standard diet (T1) followed Aviagen 2022 recommendations, while six treatments with varying ME and AA levels were administered: T2: reduced ME by 100 Kcal/kg in starter and 75 Kcal/kg in grower; T3: similar to T2 but with a 50 Kcal/kg ME increase in withdrawal; T4: reduced ME by 100 Kcal/kg and +4% AA increase in starter, with reduced ME by 75 Kcal/kg in grower; T5: similar to T4 but with a 50 Kcal/kg ME increase in withdrawal; T6: reduced ME by 100 Kcal/kg and +4% AA increase in starter, reduced ME by 75 Kcal/kg and +3% AA increase in grower, and reduced ME by 50 Kcal/kg in finisher; T7: similar to T6 with a 50 Kcal/kg ME increase in withdrawal. Final BW, FI, and FCR were not significantly affected by ME and AA densities. Diets with reduced ME in the starter and grower phases resulted in the lowest feed cost per kg of BW. Carcass traits did not differ across treatments. In conclusion, reducing dietary ME by 100 and 75 Kcal/kg in starter and grower phases, respectively, can potentially lower feed costs without adversely affecting productivity and carcass traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"33 4","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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