Journal of Applied Poultry Research最新文献

{"title":"Response of broiler chickens vaccinated against coccidiosis to diets containing varying amino acid density and a nucleotide-rich extract during the pre-starter and starter periods","authors":"A.S. Aderibigbe ,&nbsp;K.W. McCafferty ,&nbsp;R. Hauck ,&nbsp;W.J. Pacheco ,&nbsp;S.C. Philpot ,&nbsp;W.A. Dozier III","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growth depression is often associated with coccidial vaccinations used to suppress coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Dietary strategies such as amino acid (AA) modulation have shown promise in mitigating the negative impacts of coccidiosis. Additionally, nucleotide supplementation may support immune and digestive functions in young broilers, potentially enhancing their resilience to infections. The current study investigated the interactive effects of dietary AA density and nucleotide supplementation on growth response and processing yields of broilers vaccinated against coccidiosis. One thousand eight hundred male broiler chicks were assigned to 10 dietary treatments each with 9 replicate pens and 20 birds per pen. Eight dietary treatments contained two levels of AA density; “low” (1.20/1.15 %) or “high” (1.35/1.25 %) digestible Lys during the pre-starter and starter phases, respectively and included nucleotide supplementation in either, both, or neither phase. Two additional diets, containing low or high AA density without nucleotide supplementation were fed to unvaccinated chicks as positive controls. There was no interaction between AA density and nucleotide supplementation on growth or nitrogen digestibility under coccidia challenge. Broilers fed higher AA density had improved weight gain and FCR during the starter period. Nucleotide supplementation enhanced gut health by reducing intestinal lesions in birds receiving high AA diets. Higher AA density improved processing yield at d 41 but was associated with increased incidence of footpad lesions. Overall, our findings suggest that increased AA density supports growth and carcass traits in vaccinated broilers, but strategic use of nucleotide supplementation may help modulate gut health during periods of intestinal stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 100588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving reproductive performance and quality chicks with modern broiler breeders","authors":"Hugo Romero-Sanchez ,&nbsp;Henk Enting ,&nbsp;Lieske van Eck ,&nbsp;Rick van Emous ,&nbsp;Felipe Kroetz Neto ,&nbsp;Estella Leentfaar ,&nbsp;Bob Buresh","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The U.S. broiler industry is currently facing challenges in breeder production and hatchability. Hatchability rates have recently dropped below 82 %, the lowest since 1988 (Agristats Report, 2023), alongside increased mortality in pullets, breeder hens, and roosters. To address these issues, this symposium brought together global experts to share insights and strategies. Discussions focused on breeder nutrition, management, incubation management, and epigenetic effects on progeny. While primarily targeting broiler breeders, the symposium also explored practices in layer breeders to offer additional insights. A panel of five experts presented innovative ideas to enhance breeder performance and chick quality. Emphasis was placed on revising amino acid and energy requirements for modern genetics, optimizing management practices, and leveraging epigenetics to improve sustainability and performance. Hatchery practices were also identified as crucial for increasing hatchability and chick quality. For layer breeders, the focus extends beyond egg production to maximizing chick quality and viability through lighting, feeding programs, and genetic selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review article: Recent advances in enzyme technologies for mitigating mycotoxin contamination in poultry feed","authors":"Christiane Gruber-Dorninger ,&nbsp;Markus Aleschko ,&nbsp;Andreas Höbartner-Gußl ,&nbsp;Sebastian Fruhauf ,&nbsp;Michaela Thamhesl ,&nbsp;Barbara Doupovec ,&nbsp;Dian Schatzmayr ,&nbsp;Wulf-Dieter Moll ,&nbsp;Chasity Pender","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poultry feed is frequently contaminated with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins, aflatoxins, and ochratoxin A. As mycotoxins cause a variety of adverse effects, strategies to counteract the exposure of animals to these contaminants are urgently needed. The development of mycotoxin-inactivating feed enzymes shows great promise for mycotoxin risk management. In contrast to mycotoxin binders that are often applied as feed additives but known to effectively adsorb only some of the most prevalent mycotoxins (most notably aflatoxins), mycotoxin-inactivating enzymes can be tailor-made to specifically target each mycotoxin of concern. The development of mycotoxin-inactivating feed enzymes often starts with mining the natural diversity of enzymes that evolved in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Promising enzyme candidates that lend themselves to biotechnological development are improved by enzyme engineering, formulated as feed additives, and rigorously tested in poultry feeding trials. Following this path, two feed enzymes were recently developed for inactivation of fumonisins and zearalenone in poultry, namely fumonisin esterase FumD (FUM<em>zyme</em>®) and zearalenone lactonase ZenA (ZEN<em>zyme</em>®). Upon ingestion, these enzymes effectively degrade their target mycotoxins to compounds of significantly reduced toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. These successful developments highlight the great potential of mycotoxin-degrading feed enzymes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise nutrition 2: Regression equations using KOH protein solubility to estimate digestible lysine and digestible arginine in commercial lots of soybean meal that have undergone overprocessing or auto combustion","authors":"Nelson Ruiz ,&nbsp;Carl M. Parsons ,&nbsp;Benjamin W. Parsons","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to develop regression equations for lysine <strong>(Lys</strong>) and arginine (<strong>Arg</strong>) that would allow poultry nutritionists and formulators to estimate amino acid (<strong>AA</strong>) digestibility in commercial lots of solvent-extracted soybean meal (<strong>SBM</strong>) using a newly standardized protocol for KOH protein solubility (<strong>KOHPS</strong>). A total of 82 SBM samples, selected from 100 samples that were analyzed for in vivo AA digestibility, were analyzed for KOHPS. The KOHPS values ranged from 14 to 88 %, while digestible Lys coefficients ranged from 0.47 to 0.96. Digestible Arg coefficients ranged from 0.62 to 0.98. It became evident from total Lys and Arg analyses of the original samples that a net destruction of Lys and Arg occurred as KOHPS decreased; therefore, corrected digestibility coefficients were calculated using estimated total Lys and total Arg values. Estimated values were obtained utilizing regressions for each AA as a function of CP. Regressions on KOHPS were then run with and without corrected digestibility coefficients. Linear regressions provided the best fit for corrected digestible coefficients vs. KOHPS. The 1-slope broken line regression for Lys indicated that a plateau occurred at 80 % KOHPS and a digestible Lys coefficient of 0.88; therefore, an adequately processed solvent-extracted SBM should exhibit a minimum of 80 % KOHPS, which will yield an in vivo digestible Lys coefficient of 0.88. Equations developed from regression of digestible Lys and Arg coefficients against KOHPS herein will allow commercial poultry nutritionists and formulators to adjust AA digestibility in the formulation matrix for SBM according to its KOHPS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fagopyrum dibotrys protects gut health in broiler chickens fed oxidized oil","authors":"Lulin Tan,&nbsp;Xue Han,&nbsp;Liang Li,&nbsp;Lina Li,&nbsp;Yulong Feng,&nbsp;Qingfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective was to evaluate protective effects of <em>Fagopyrum dibotrys</em> (perennial buckwheat), antibiotics, or both, on gut health in broiler chickens fed oxidized soybean oil. Male Tiejiaoma broilers (n=240), at 1 d of age, were randomly and equally assigned to 4 treatment groups that were fed: a basal diet (Ctr group) or a diet with 60 mg flavomycin+270 mg chlortetracycline/kg diet (Anti group), with (Anti + <em>Fag</em>) or without 2% <em>F. dibotrys</em> (<em>Fag</em> group). In the present study, the inflammatory factor levels and gene expression levels were determined using commercial ELISA kits and qRT-PCR analysis, respectively. The mRNA expression profiles of ileal tissue were analyzed by RNA sequencing, and the cecal microbiota were sequenced using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. The Anti group had the best (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) feed conversion ratio and greater (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) body weight gain compared to <em>Fag</em> and Anti + <em>Fag,</em> In ileal tissue, the <em>Fag</em> group had significantly decreased concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α) but increased IL-22, and significantly increased mRNA expression of ZO-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-22, Nrf2, SOD1, and CAT. However, all these effects were reversed in the Anti + <em>Fag</em> group. Based on 16S rDNA, the <em>Fag</em> group had significantly increased microbial diversity in cecum, with a distinct microbiome based on principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), including increases in relative abundance of <em>Firmicutes</em> in phyla, and in genera <em>Candidatus_Arthromitus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus</em>, and <em>Lactobacillus</em>. However, those changes in cecal microbes did not occur in Anti + <em>Fag</em> group. Based on RNA-seq, there were 771, 2187, 825, 1774, 898, 2127 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs detected between Anti vs Ctr, <em>Fag</em> vs Ctr, Anti + <em>Fag</em> vs Ctr, <em>Fag</em> vs Anti, Anti + <em>Fag</em> vs Anti, and Anti + <em>Fag</em> vs <em>Fag</em>, respectively. Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes analysis (KEGG), DE mRNA were enriched in categories and pathways related to gap junction, oxidative phosphorylation, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, as well as the PPAR, TGF-β, and calcium signalling pathways. In summary, <em>F. dibotrys</em> ameliorated the inflammatory response by regulating expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β and IL-22; enhanced antioxidant activity by increasing expression of Nrf2, SOD1, and CAT; facilitated growth of <em>Candidatus_Arthromitus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus</em> and <em>Lactobacillus</em>; and regulated gene expression profile and signal pathway enrichment in ileal tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the effects of anthocyanins on the growth performance, immunity, and meat quality of ZI geese","authors":"He Huang ,&nbsp;Size Wang ,&nbsp;Chuicheng Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhengyu Zang ,&nbsp;Yue Pan ,&nbsp;Yuanliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shan Yue ,&nbsp;JunYing Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiuhua Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zi goose is an excellent local breed with fast growth, strong disease resistance, and good meat quality in China. Anthocyanins are natural water-soluble pigments with various biological functions such as promoting growth, antioxidation, and immune regulation. However, research on the beneficial effects of anthocyanins on geese is not yet in-depth. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of anthocyanins on the growth performance, immunity, and meat quality of Zi geese, providing reference for healthy culture of geese. Two hundred 28-day-old healthy geese were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates in each group and 10 geese per replicate. Anthocyanins (0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were added to the goose dietary of the control group (CG), the anthocyanin group 1 (AG1), anthocyanin group 2 (AG2), and anthocyanin group 3 (AG3), respectively. The experimental period was 10 weeks. The results showed that anthocyanin decreased the levels of the interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, the abdominal fat percentage, the shear force and drip loss of breast muscle, and increased the levels of immunoglobulin M and interleukin-10, the number of blood lymphocytes, the pH_24h value and a* value of breast muscle. In conclusion, anthocyanins can improve immunity, and meat quality, while reduce abdominal fat percentage in Zi geese. The optimum additive amount of anthocyanin was 100 mg/kg in Zi goose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella isolates from backyard chicken in Maryland lower eastern shore, USA","authors":"Janak Dhakal,&nbsp;Sandesh Chapagain,&nbsp;Richard Y. Otwey,&nbsp;Jennifer Timmons,&nbsp;Ariel Clay","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing interest in organic, fresh, and locally sourced poultry leads to the expansion of backyard poultry farming. However, recent backyard poultry-linked <em>Salmonella</em> outbreaks have raised significant public health concerns. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, serotype, and antibiotic resistance of <em>Salmonella</em> from backyard poultry as part of a youth development initiative by the University of Maryland Eastern Extension Department's 4-H program. We distributed day-old Ross chicks to participants across Wicomico, Somerset, and Worcester counties in lower Eastern Shore, MD, for hands-on learning, management, and microbiological sampling. A total of 82 samples, including cloacal swabs, litter, environmental sponges, feed, and whole carcasses, were collected from three 4-H participant farms and the poultry processing plant during the study period. Samples were processed using standard microbiological techniques, and <em>Salmonella</em> isolates were confirmed by PCR targeting the <em>invA</em> gene. A total of 13 <em>Salmonella</em> isolates were identified, including <em>S</em>. Infantis (7/13) (1). The prevalence of <em>Salmonella</em> in pre-harvest samples was 6.75 % (5/74), whereas post-harvest samples exhibited a 100 % prevalence (8/8). All 13 isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR), exhibiting resistance to several antibiotic classes, including penicillins, macrolides, and tetracyclines. This study highlights the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant <em>Salmonella</em> in backyard poultry and stresses the need for strict biosecurity measures, proper hygiene, and education to prevent zoonotic transmission, particularly among children who are the major handlers of backyard chicken thereby promoting public health and food safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different feeding strategies on the performance and meat quality of pigeon squabs (Columba livia) in the late stage of growth","authors":"T.W. Liu ,&nbsp;J.Y. Chen ,&nbsp;J.G. Zhu ,&nbsp;L.X. Wang ,&nbsp;X.M. Meng ,&nbsp;H.X. Huan ,&nbsp;Y. Liu ,&nbsp;P. Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study investigated the effects of two different feeding strategies on the performance and meat quality of squabs (White King pigeon). A total of 108, 21-day-old squabs were randomly divided into three artificial crop milk treatments with different crude protein (<strong>CP</strong>) levels (14%, 15%, 16%). The parent-fed squab control treatment consisted of 36 pairs of pigeons caring for 2 squabs. Results showed that the 28-day body weight, average body weight gain, index of abdominal fat and breast muscle, muscle shearing force, and fiber cross-sectional area and diameter of squabs in group 1 (16% CP) were the highest. In addition, the low dripping and freezing losses and the minimum malondialdehyde content of muscles in group 1 (16 % CP) were observed. Meanwhile, the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the muscle of the control group was the lowest. The values of redness and yellowness of muscles were higher in the control group than those in the artificial feeding treatments. In conclusion, although the muscle color of artificially fed pigeons is not as good as that of naturally fed ones, the 16% CP artificial diet significantly promoted the growth performance and muscle antioxidant capacity of squabs. Therefore, using 16% CP level of diet for artificially feeding squabs during the late stage of growth is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycotoxins as antinutritional factors: occurrence, impacts and management","authors":"Alexandra C. Weaver","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mycotoxins are chemical metabolites produced by a variety of mold species. While mycotoxin form and concentration can vary from year to year, by location and by feedstuff type, mycotoxins are a contaminant that has global reach and has potential to influence the health of both animals and humans. In poultry, the negative effects of mycotoxins may be observed through changes in growth performance and efficiency, damage to internal organs, alterations in nutrient and mineral status, changes to hormone regulation and reproduction, and impaired immune function which could result in poor vaccination response or increased disease occurrence. Together, these effects lead to an overall reduction in production performance and bird health. Given the chemical nature of mycotoxins and their negative effects on birds, mycotoxins are similar to another category of compounds called antinutritional factors. These compounds are also metabolites, in this case produced by plants, that can result in adverse effects when consumed by birds. Attention has been given to antinutritional factors by poultry producers and nutritionists, and mycotoxins certainly deserve the same level of concern. However, through analysis of feedstuffs and feeds, understanding of mycotoxin risk, and proper management techniques, producers have the ability to mitigate the challenges posed by mycotoxins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effect of the probiotic in the effectiveness of the Newcastle disease vaccine in specific pathogen-free chickens","authors":"Navid Asgharian ,&nbsp;Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi ,&nbsp;Naheed Mojgani ,&nbsp;Shaban Rahimi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Majid Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to assess the impact of a probiotic supplement on the effectiveness of the Newcastle disease (<strong>ND</strong>) vaccine in specific pathogen-free (<strong>SPF</strong>) chickens. A total of one hundred and twenty 7-day-old SPF chicks were randomly divided into six groups including: CNT (control group), PRO (probiotic), RCV (Razi Clone12IR vaccine), ICV (imported Clone vaccine), PRO + RCV (probiotic and Razi Clone12IR vaccine), and PRO + ICV (probiotic and imported Clone vaccine). Administration of the probiotic, either alone or in conjunction with ND vaccination, decreased cholesterol and increased total protein, albumin, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). Increasing weight, length, and bone breaking strength were observed in chickens that were given the probiotic alone. The highest concentration of malondialdehyde (<strong>MDA</strong>) was recorded in the CNT, while MDA levels decreased in the PRO, PRO + RCV, and PRO + ICV (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). An increase in IgY anti-SRBC antibody titer was found in the PRO + RCV and PRO + ICV groups. Higher antibody titer against ND was observed in the PRO + RCV (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). The use of probiotics during ND vaccination led to increased lysozyme activity compared to other groups (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). The birds receiving probiotics exhibited significantly greater villus height, crypt depth, and villus height/crypt depth ratio in the duodenum (<em>P &lt;</em> 0.05). No histopathological lesions were observed in the trachea, lungs, liver, or bursa of Fabricius in vaccinated chickens, regardless of whether they received probiotic dietary supplementation. The study’s findings suggest that incorporating probiotics during ND vaccination can enhance the health-related parameters of SPF chickens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 3","pages":"Article 100549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}