Journal of Applied Poultry Research最新文献_第3页

Comparative analysis of body composition and bone microarchitecture in wild-type and restricted ovulator hens 野生型和限制蛋鸡体成分和骨微结构的比较分析

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100653

Deependra Paneru, Fatemeh Sadat Mahdavi, Venkata Prathap Reddy Keshavareddy, Sai Kumar Reddy Ragyari, Woo Kyun Kim

The laying hen biology for egg production reshapes how hens allocate nutrients, often at the expense of their bone integrity. To form an eggshell each day, hens mobilize large amounts of calcium from their bones as well as a portion form the feed, using medullary bones as a temporary reservoir. Although this system sustains continuous egg production, the repeated cycles of resorption and incomplete replenishment of medullary bone progressively weakens structural bones, leaving them thinner, more porous, and prone to fracture. In the current study, restricted ovulator (RO) hens, a non-laying genetic variant of White Leghorns, were used. By comparing non-laying RO hens with their egg-laying wild-type (WT) siblings across major laying phases, we quantified the direct effects of egg production on bone integrity and whole-body composition. Non-laying hens maintained denser cortices, thicker trabeculae, and greater whole-body mineral reserves, while also storing more body fat. However, laying hens diverted resources to egg formation, resulting in limited cortical bone development, loss of trabecular connectivity, and continuous turnover of medullary bone without net gain. Structural bones were affected to varying degrees due to egg production, with the femur being the most vulnerable and keel the least. The effects of egg production extended beyond bone, reshaping whole-body composition toward leaner tissue profiles. In summary, our results emphasize that egg production is the primary driver of structural bone loss and altered body composition in laying hens. Future research should focus on developing better nutritional, genetic, and management strategies to prevent bone fragility and welfare issues in commercial layer production.

产蛋的蛋鸡生物学改变了母鸡分配营养的方式，通常是以牺牲骨骼完整性为代价的。为了每天形成蛋壳，母鸡从骨骼和饲料中动员大量的钙，将髓质骨骼作为临时储存库。虽然这个系统维持了连续的产蛋，但髓质骨的反复吸收和不完全补充逐渐削弱了结构骨，使其更薄，更多孔，更容易骨折。在本研究中，使用的是一种不产蛋的白来角鸡基因变异的限排卵母鸡（RO）。通过比较非产蛋RO母鸡与产蛋野生型（WT）兄弟姐妹在主要产蛋阶段的差异，我们量化了产蛋量对骨完整性和全身成分的直接影响。非蛋鸡的大脑皮层更致密，小梁更厚，全身矿物质储量更大，同时体内脂肪也储存更多。然而，蛋鸡将资源转移到产蛋，导致皮质骨发育受限，小梁连通性丧失，髓质骨不断更新，但没有净增益。由于产蛋，结构性骨骼受到不同程度的影响，股骨是最脆弱的，龙骨是最不脆弱的。产蛋的影响超出了骨骼，重塑了整个身体的组成，使组织更瘦。总之，我们的研究结果强调，产蛋是蛋鸡结构性骨质流失和身体成分改变的主要驱动因素。未来的研究应侧重于制定更好的营养、遗传和管理策略，以防止商业蛋鸡生产中的骨脆性和福利问题。

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引用次数: 0

Eimeria oocysts in auxiliary feed trays represent a potential source of infection to young broiler chicks 辅助饲料盘中的艾美耳球虫卵囊是肉鸡的潜在感染源

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100645

Mark C. Jenkins, Carolyn C. Parker, Christina Yeager

Outbreaks of avian coccidiosis arise after newly-placed chicks ingest high numbers of Eimeria oocysts present in litter. Preventing coccidiosis depends on reducing the number of Eimeria oocysts ingested to a level that either induces or boosts immunity without causing enteric disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if feces in auxiliary feed trays (AFT) contained Eimeria oocysts and, if so, were these oocysts capable of causing a patent infection. Sampling of feces present in AFT or litter was conducted in a total of 16 houses from 11 different commercial broiler farms during a coccidiosis vaccine program. Without exception, appreciable numbers (∼ 10³ oocysts/gram) of E. maxima and non-E. maxima (E. acervulina, E. mitis, E. praecox, E. tenella) oocysts were found in AFT. Nearly all litter samples (14/16) were positive for E. maxima oocysts, while all litter samples (16/16) were positive for non-E. maxima oocysts. As indicated by ITS1 PCR, E. acervulina, E. mitis, E. praecox, and E. tenella oocysts were generally present in all AFT and litter. Experimental infection of susceptible chickens with Eimeria oocysts recovered from AFT revealed that E. acervulina and E. mitis, but not E. maxima, E. praecox, nor E. tenella oocysts were viable and infectious. This finding is consistent with a shorter patent period and thus more rapid progression to full sporulation of E. acervulina and E. mitis. These results indicate that fecal material in AFT represents a potential source of Eimeria infection in young chicks, and removing the trays within 7 days post-placement may reduce coccidiosis outbreaks.

家禽球虫病的爆发是由于新饲养的雏鸡摄入了大量产窝中的艾美耳球虫卵囊。预防球虫病取决于减少摄入艾美耳球虫卵囊的数量，使其达到诱导或增强免疫力而不引起肠道疾病的水平。本研究的目的是确定辅助饲料托盘（AFT）的粪便中是否含有艾美耳球虫卵囊，如果含有，这些卵囊是否能够引起专利感染。在球虫病疫苗接种计划期间，对来自11个不同商业肉鸡养殖场的16个鸡舍进行了AFT或窝中的粪便取样。没有例外，有相当数量（~ 103个/克）的maxima卵囊和非e卵囊。在AFT中发现了棘球绦虫、棘球绦虫、提前棘球绦虫和柔弱棘球绦虫卵囊，几乎所有（14/16）产仔样本中均有棘球绦虫卵囊阳性，而所有（16/16）产仔样本中均有非棘球绦虫卵囊阳性。maxima卵囊。ITS1 PCR结果显示，在所有AFT和凋落物中普遍存在棘皮绦虫、密螺旋体、提前绦虫和柔毛虫卵囊。用AFT回收的艾美耳虫卵囊对易感鸡进行感染实验，结果表明，棘球艾美耳虫卵囊和密氏艾美耳虫卵囊具有活性和传染性，而最大艾美耳虫卵囊、提前艾美耳虫卵囊和柔嫩艾美耳虫卵囊没有活性和传染性。这一发现与较短的专利期相一致，因此更迅速地发展到完全产孢。这些结果表明，AFT中的粪便是雏鸡感染艾美耳球虫的潜在来源，在放置后7天内移除托盘可能会减少球虫病的爆发。

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引用次数: 0

In vitro determination of the effects of dairy-origin Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis strains infective in broiler chicks 乳源性弗氏丙酸杆菌亚种体外抑菌效果的测定。对肉仔鸡感染的多药耐药婴儿沙门氏菌株的研究

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100646

Dhananjai Muringattu Prabhakaran , Mohammad Bilal Islam , Amritha Ajayan , Shijinaraj Manjankattil , Claire Peichel , Grace Dewi , Timothy J. Johnson , Sally Noll , Anup Kollanoor Johny

Salmonella Infantis is a major serotype of foodborne Salmonella that is emerging in poultry production. Finding novel antibacterial candidates to reduce S. Infantis colonization in broilers is critical to minimize outbreaks associated with chicken products. The current study (1) characterized two MDR outbreak strains of S. Infantis (AR0919, AR0923), individually and in Combination, for their growth and multiplication in various environmental conditions and to colonize the cecum of 2-day-old broiler chicks and dissemination to the liver (S. Infantis characterization study) and (2) determined the in vitro effects of a dairy-originated probiotic, P. freudenreichii, on the two MDR strains of S. Infantis, individually and their Combination, on pathogen motility, epithelial cell adhesion, and invasion, and growth in various environmental conditions (P. freudenreichii intervention study). The strains behaved similarly in vitro, individually and in Combination (P>0.05). The in vivo study revealed that both MDR strains had a similar cecal colonization rate, individually and in Combination (P>0.05). Strain AR0923 exhibited a higher rate of dissemination to the liver. A significant reduction in the motility, adhesion to, and invasion of Caco-2 cells and growth in co-culture media and cecal contents (both the strains and the Combination) was observed (P<0.05). The results suggest that the two S. Infantis strains are infective in broiler chicks, and P. freudenreichii is a potential probiotic candidate against S. Infantis in vitro. Studies in commercial broiler chickens are underway.

婴儿沙门氏菌是一种主要的血清型食源性沙门氏菌，出现在家禽生产中。寻找新的候选抗菌药物来减少婴儿链球菌在肉鸡中的定植对于减少与鸡肉产品相关的暴发至关重要。目前的研究(1)鉴定了两种耐多药暴发菌株（AR0919, AR0923）在不同环境条件下的生长和繁殖，并在2日龄肉鸡的肠中定植并传播到肝脏（S. Infantis表征研究）；(2)确定了乳源益生菌P. freudenreichii对两种耐多药婴儿链球菌（S. Infantis）的体外影响，分别及其组合。在不同环境条件下病原体的运动、上皮细胞的粘附、侵袭和生长（弗氏假单胞菌干预研究）。菌株在体外、单独和联合试验中表现相似（P>0.05）。体内研究显示，两种耐多药菌株单独和联合在盲肠定殖率相似（P>0.05）。菌株AR0923对肝脏的传播率较高。观察到Caco-2细胞在共培养培养基和盲肠内容物（菌株和组合）中的运动性、粘附性和侵袭性以及生长显著降低（P<0.05）。结果表明，这两种婴儿链球菌菌株在肉鸡体内具有传染性，弗氏单胞杆菌是体外抗婴儿链球菌的潜在候选益生菌。对商业肉鸡的研究正在进行中。

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引用次数: 0

Applied research note: Microbiota shifts following withdrawal of probiotic expressing N-acyl-phosphatidyl ethanolamine acyltransferase activity in gut 应用研究说明：肠道中表达n -酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺酰基转移酶活性的益生菌停用后，微生物群发生变化

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100647

Mallory Zumwalt, Mazette Croom, Rosemary L. Walzem, Samson Oladokun

The poultry industry faces a significant challenge known as the "broiler breeder paradox," where genetic selection for rapid growth adversely affects breeder reproductive performance. Currently, feed restriction is used to address this issue; however, it can lead to stress and welfare concerns in birds. A promising approach to alleviate these challenges involves modifying the host gut microbiota with genetically engineered probiotics. This study focuses on the effect of an E. coli Nissle, 1917 probiotic modified to express N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine acyl transferase (NAPE-EcN) on host microbiota. That probiotic is hypothesized to mitigate feed restriction-related stress by positively modulating the host microbiota. We investigated the effects of 5 weeks of daily NAPE-EcN administration on large intestinal microbiota composition and diversity in breeder pullets. Differences due to strain (Breed 1 vs. Breed 2) and persistence of week 5 microbiota profile 3 weeks after cessation of NAPE-EcN administration (week 5 vs. week 8). Results indicated that breed differences significantly impacted NAPE-EcN's effects on the microbiota profile, with greater effects observed in Breed 2. Additionally, NAPE-EcN suppressed specific bacterial taxa linked to metabolic disorder in Breed 2, suggesting potential for benefit in breeder management. These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing gut health in poultry and potential to improve the management of metabolic disorders in broiler breeders.

家禽业面临着一个被称为“肉鸡育种悖论”的重大挑战，即快速生长的遗传选择对育种者的繁殖性能产生不利影响。目前，饲料限制被用来解决这个问题；然而，它会给鸟类带来压力和福利问题。缓解这些挑战的一个有希望的方法是用基因工程益生菌修饰宿主肠道微生物群。本研究研究了表达n -酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺酰基转移酶（npe - ecn）的大肠杆菌Nissle， 1917益生菌对宿主菌群的影响。据推测，益生菌可以通过积极调节宿主微生物群来减轻饲料限制相关的应激。我们研究了5周每日给药NAPE-EcN对种鸡大肠菌群组成和多样性的影响。菌株差异（品种1 vs品种2）和停用NAPE-EcN后3周（第5周vs第8周）第5周微生物群分布的持久性。结果表明，品种差异显著影响了NAPE-EcN对微生物群分布的影响，其中品种2的影响更大。此外，NAPE-EcN抑制了与2号品种代谢紊乱相关的特定细菌分类群，这表明在育种管理中有潜在的益处。这些发现为增强家禽肠道健康和改善肉鸡育种者代谢紊乱的管理提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of two mycotoxin-detoxifying agents in broilers fed naturally contaminated corn with elevated mycotoxin levels 两种真菌毒素解毒剂对饲喂真菌毒素水平升高的天然污染玉米的肉鸡的评价

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100644

Rodolfo Riboty , Daniel Huaringa

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary mycotoxins and two commercial mycotoxin-detoxifying agents (MDA) on growth performance and serum biomarkers in broilers. A total of 200 male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments (5 replicates; 10 birds each): a diet with non-contaminated corn (NC), a diet with naturally mycotoxin-contaminated corn (PC), and the contaminated diet supplemented with either a bio transforming, biological components-based detoxifier (PC+MDA1) or a yeast-based functional carbohydrates detoxifier (PC+MDA2). Six mycotoxins (AF, T-2, ZEA, OTA, DON, FB) were quantified in ingredients and complete feeds using LC-MS/MS and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays ELISA. Performance variables (BWG, FI, FCR, mortality, EPEF) and serum enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, UA, creatinine, GGT) were analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD (P < 0.05). Greater cumulative intake of all mycotoxins in the PC diet resulted in reduced BWG (-5.2%; P=0.028), poorer FCR (+4.6%; P=0.008), and lower EPEF (-14.8%; P=0.031) compared with NC. Broilers receiving PC + MDA1 and PC + MDA2 showed BWG valued intermediate between NC and PC, while PC + MDA2 significantly improved FCR relative to PC. Increases in ALT, AST, ALP (P<0.01), and UA (P=0.042) indicated hepatic and renal stress in birds fed with PC diets, and these responses were partially attenuated by both detoxifiers. In conclusion, even low dietary levels of multiple mycotoxins may impair broiler performance and health, and the inclusion of functional detoxifiers can reduce these effects under field-relevant conditions.

本试验旨在评价饲粮中添加真菌毒素和两种市售真菌毒素解毒剂（MDA）对肉鸡生长性能和血清生物标志物的影响。试验选用200只雄性肉仔鸡，随机分为4个饲粮处理（5个重复，每个重复10只）：未污染玉米（NC）饲粮，天然霉菌毒素污染玉米（PC）饲粮，污染饲粮中添加生物转化型生物组分解毒剂（PC+MDA1）或酵母型功能性碳水化合物解毒剂（PC+MDA2）。采用LC-MS/MS和酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对原料和全饲料中的6种真菌毒素（AF、T-2、ZEA、OTA、DON、FB）进行定量分析。生产性能变量（体重、脂肪、脂肪、死亡率、EPEF）和血清酶（ALT、AST、ALP、UA、肌酐、GGT）采用Tukey’s HSD方差分析（P < 0.05）。与NC相比，PC日粮中所有真菌毒素的累积摄入量增加，导致体重减少（-5.2%，P=0.028）， FCR变差（+4.6%，P=0.008）， EPEF降低（-14.8%，P=0.031）。饲喂PC + MDA1和PC + MDA2的肉鸡体增重值介于NC和PC之间，PC + MDA2显著提高了肉仔鸡的肉重比。谷丙转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶的升高（P<0.01）和谷丙转氨酶的升高（P=0.042）表明饲喂PC日粮的鸟类肝脏和肾脏受到应激，两种解毒剂均可部分减弱这些反应。综上所述，即使饲粮中添加低水平的多种真菌毒素也会损害肉仔鸡的生产性能和健康，在田间条件下，添加功能性解毒剂可以减轻这些影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of feed form, energy level, and conditioning temperature on broiler performance, feed wastage, and nutrient digestibility from 1 to 21 days-of-age 饲料形态、能量水平和调质温度对1 ~ 21日龄肉仔鸡生产性能、饲料浪费和营养物质消化率的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100641

J.R. Hernandez , J.P. Gulizia , J.I. Vargas , E.G. Guzman , S.J. Rochell , R. Hauck , J.C. Remus , W.J. Pacheco

This experiment evaluated the effect of metabolizable energy (ME) and feed form on broiler performance, feed wastage (FW), and nutrient digestibility from 1 to 21 days-of-age. A total of 648 YPM x Ross 708 male broilers were randomly distributed in 72 cages (9 birds/cage) and assigned to 6 treatments (12 replicates/treatment). Starter diets were formulated to contain 2 ME levels (2,875 [E2875] or 2,979 kcal/kg [E2979]). Both diets were fed as mash or crumbles conditioned to 85 °C or 90 °C. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and FCR were determined at 10 and 21 days-of-age. On d 10, 15, and 18, the feed spilled was collected from trays placed under each cage to calculate FW. Ileal digesta (7 birds/cage) was collected for nutrient digestibility analysis on d 21. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS and means separated using Tukey’s test. Broilers fed E2979 diets had higher (P < 0.05) BWG and lower (P < 0.05) FCR from 1 to 21 d compared to broilers fed E2875 diets. Additionally, broilers fed mash diets had lower (P < 0.05) FI and higher (P < 0.05) FCR and FW from 1 to 21 d compared to broilers fed crumbles conditioned to either 85 or 90 °C. Starch digestibility was lower (P < 0.05) in broilers fed crumbles conditioned to 90 °C compared to broilers fed crumbles conditioned to 85 °C and mash. Overall, broiler response was more influenced by variations in dietary ME and feed form than by changes in conditioning temperatures.

本试验旨在评价代谢能（ME）和饲料形态对1 ~ 21日龄肉仔鸡生产性能、饲料浪费（FW）和营养物质消化率的影响。试验选用648只YPM × Ross 708只雄性肉仔鸡，随机分布在72个笼（9只/笼）中，分为6个处理（12个重复/处理）。起始日粮的代谢能水平分别为2,875 [E2875]和2,979 kcal/kg [E2979]。两种饲粮分别以85°C或90°C条件下的土豆泥或碎料形式饲喂。分别于10日龄和21日龄测定体增重（BWG）、采食量（FI）和饲料转化率（FCR）。在第10、15和18天，从每个笼下放置的托盘中收集溢出的饲料，计算FW。第21天采集回肠食糜（7只/笼）进行营养物质消化率分析。数据采用SAS的GLIMMIX程序进行2 × 3因子排列分析，均数采用Tukey检验分离。饲喂E2979的肉鸡1 ~ 21 d体重增重高于饲喂E2875的肉鸡（P < 0.05），料重比低于饲喂E2875的肉鸡（P < 0.05）。此外，与饲喂85°C或90°C碎料的肉鸡相比，饲喂醪料的肉鸡在1 ~ 21 d的FI （P < 0.05）较低，FCR和FW （P < 0.05）较高。饲喂90°C碎渣的肉鸡淀粉消化率低于饲喂85°C碎渣和麦芽浆的肉鸡（P < 0.05）。总体而言，饲粮代谢能和饲料形式的变化对肉鸡反应的影响大于调节温度的变化。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary multiprotease supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in turkey poults fed high-soybean meal diet 饲粮中添加多种蛋白酶对高豆粕型火鸡生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100643

Jorge Y. Perez-Palencia , Gabriela M. Galli , Alejandra Forero Salamanca , Jinsu Hong , Rob Patterson , Crystal L. Levesque

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protease supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in turkey poults fed a diet with high soybean meal (SBM) inclusion. A total of 200 one-day-old male poults were allocated to four floor pens (50 poults/pen) and fed experimental diets for a 7-day conditioning period, with no statistical analysis performed. On d7, 140 turkey poults were selected and allocated to 28 cages (5 poults/cage; 7 replicates/treatment) and assigned to one of 4 dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two diet compositions [with and without highly digestible protein (meat and bone meal and enzymatically treated soybean meal)] and two protease dosages (0 and 500 g/ton). Feed and turkeys were weighed on d0, d7, d14, d21, and d25 to determine growth parameters. On days 23 and 24, excreta samples were collected; and on d25, all turkeys were euthanized to collect ileal digesta samples. From d7 to 14, turkey poults fed protease supplemented diets tended to have greater (P < 0.1) body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion compared to no-supplemented poults, independent of dietary composition. No differences in body weight, body weight gain, daily feed intake, or feed conversion ratio were observed on day 25. Protease supplementation had the greatest SID of most indispensable amino acids (except Ile, Leu, and Phe) by an average of 2.21 % (P < 0.05), all dispensable amino acids by an average of 4.47 %, as well as the ATTD of dry matter and crude protein. Overall, greater nutrient digestion with protease supplementation may explain the transient growth improvement observed between d7-14. Protease supplementation provides a potential strategy to reduce starter diet costs (i.e. less complex diets) without negatively impacting growth performance.

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加蛋白酶对高豆粕（SBM）饲粮火鸡生长性能、营养物质表观全消化道消化率（ATTD）和氨基酸标准化回肠消化率（SID）的影响。试验选用1日龄公雏200只，分在4个底栏（50只/栏），饲喂7 d的试验饲粮，不做统计分析。试验第7天，选取140只火鸡，分配到28个笼中（5只/笼，7个重复/处理），采用2 × 2因子设计，分别饲喂4种饲粮处理中的一种，采用2种饲粮组合[含和不含高消化蛋白（肉骨粉和酶处理豆粕）]和2种蛋白酶剂量（0和500 g/t）。在第0、7、14、21和25天称重饲料和火鸡，以确定生长参数。第23、24天采集粪便标本；25日，所有火鸡都被安乐死，以收集回肠消化样本。从第7天到第14天，与未添加蛋白酶的火鸡相比，饲粮中添加蛋白酶的火鸡的体重、增重和饲料系数往往更高（P < 0.1），与饲粮成分无关。第25天体重、增重、日采食量和饲料系数均无显著差异。蛋白酶组对大部分必需氨基酸（除赖氨酸、亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸外）的SID平均为2.21% (P < 0.05)，对所有必需氨基酸的SID平均为4.47%，对干物质和粗蛋白质的ATTD平均为4.47%。总的来说，添加蛋白酶后营养物质的消化能力增强可以解释在第7-14天期间观察到的短暂生长改善。补充蛋白酶提供了一种潜在的策略，可以在不对生长性能产生负面影响的情况下降低起始日粮成本（即不太复杂的日粮）。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Aragonite as a Calcium source in laying hen diets 文石在蛋鸡饲粮中作为钙源的评价

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100639

A.M. Lyons , S. Dowd , J. Hart , M.E. Persia

Experiments were conducted to determine the bioavailability of fine ground aragonite (FGA) using 0-14 d old broilers and to validate the use of FGA as a single particle size Ca ingredient on performance, eggshell quality, and tibia ash (TA) of laying hens from 28 to 56 wk. In Experiment 1, 450 Ross 708 broilers were fed 0.35, 0.43, 0.51, 0.59, and 0.67 % Ca using the addition of 0, 0.08, 0.16, 0.24 and 0.32 % Ca from either FGA or limestone (LS). Body weight, feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and TA were measured at the end of 14 d. The relative bioavailability of FGA to LS was 179 % using slope ratio analysis of chick TA. In Experiment 2, 180 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were fed diets containing 50/50 fine and coarse LS or 100 % FGA at 2.46, 3.28, or 4.10 % Ca using a 2 × 3 factorial. Interactions occurred for hen day egg production, egg weight, egg mass and feed efficiency. There were limited differences in performance regardless of Ca source or concentration, but the 4.10 % LS resulted in the lowest performance. An interaction was noted in that all FGA maximized TA in the laying hens, however, reduced LS feeding resulted in linear reductions in TA indicating Ca insufficiency at lower dietary concentrations. The fine/coarse mixture of LS increased shell quality compared to FGA (P ≤ 0.05). These data indicate that FGA may be used as a higher available alternative Ca source in laying hens based on performance and tibia ash, but the combined use of coarse and fine Ca should continue to be used to support eggshell quality.

本试验以0 ~ 14日龄肉鸡为试验对象，研究细磨文石（FGA）的生物利用度，并验证FGA作为单一粒径钙原料对28 ~ 56周龄蛋鸡生产性能、蛋壳品质和胫骨灰分（TA）的影响。试验1，选取450只罗斯708肉鸡，分别饲喂钙含量为0.35、0.43、0.51、0.59和0.67%的饲粮，分别添加0、0.08、0.16、0.24和0.32%的灰岩钙。试验第14 d时测定体重、采食量、饲料系数和TA值。采用TA斜率分析法测定FGA对LS的相对生物利用度为179%。试验2选用180只海兰W-36蛋鸡，按2 × 3因子分别饲喂钙含量为2.46、3.28和4.10%的粗、细LS和100% FGA的饲粮。蛋鸡日产蛋量、蛋重、蛋质量和饲料效率之间存在交互作用。无论钙源或浓度如何，性能差异有限，但4.10%的LS导致性能最低。相互作用表明，所有FGA均能使蛋鸡的TA最大化，但LS饲喂的减少导致TA线性降低，表明饲粮浓度较低时Ca不足。与FGA相比，LS细/粗混合料提高了壳品质（P≤0.05）。综上所述，从生产性能和胫骨灰分来看，FGA可作为蛋鸡较高可用的钙替代源，但为了保证蛋壳质量，应继续采用粗钙和细钙的混合使用。

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引用次数: 0

Scrubbing and hydrogen peroxide spray improve eggshell microbial hygiene and hatchability in goose eggs 擦洗和双氧水喷雾可改善鹅蛋的蛋壳微生物卫生和孵化率

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100640

Sheng-Der Wang , Chao-Hung Chiang , Shang-Chieh Hsieh , Chih-Chang Hsiao , Ching-Yi Lien

This study evaluated the effects of eggshell scrubbing and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) spray sanitization on the microbial load on eggshells, egg moisture loss, embryonic mortality, hatchability of fertilized eggs, and gosling weight in White Roman goose hatching eggs. A 2 × 3 factorial design was used, involving two levels of scrubbing (non-scrubbed or scrubbed) and three levels of spraying (no spray, 3 % H₂O₂, or 6 % H₂O₂). Each group consisted of six trays containing 30 eggs per tray, totaling 1,080 hatching eggs. Half of the eggs were manually scrubbed using a scouring pad under running tap water, followed by spraying with either 3 % or 6 % H₂O₂ solution or left untreated. The remaining 540 eggs were not scrubbed and were subjected to the same spraying treatments. Compared to untreated eggs, scrubbing reduced the total bacterial count, coliforms, and Escherichia coli on the eggshell surface by 4.31 log₁₀ cfu/mL, 3.42 log₁₀ cfu/100 mL, and 2.21 log₁₀ cfu/100 mL, respectively (P < 0.05). Scrubbing also decreased embryonic mortality during days 7 to 30 of incubation and increased cumulative moisture loss during days 1 to 28 of incubation (P < 0.05), while other hatchability traits were not affected. Additionally, spraying with 3 % H₂O₂ improved the hatchability of fertilized eggs and reduced the proportion of unmarketable goslings compared to the 6 % H₂O₂ group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that scrubbing with a scouring pad under running tap water is an effective method for improving eggshell hygiene without compromising hatchability of goose hatching eggs. When H₂O₂ spray sanitization is applied, a 3 % concentration is preferable for maintaining hatchability outcomes.

本研究评价了双氧水喷雾消毒对白罗马鹅孵化蛋中蛋壳微生物负荷、鸡蛋水分流失、胚胎死亡率、受精卵孵化率和雏鹅体重的影响。采用2 × 3因子设计，包括2个洗涤水平（未洗涤或洗涤）和3个喷洒水平（不喷洒、3% H₂O₂或6% H₂O₂）。每组由6个托盘组成，每个托盘含有30个鸡蛋，总共1080个孵化蛋。一半的鸡蛋用洗涤垫在自来水下手动擦洗，然后喷洒3%或6%的h2o溶液，或者不进行处理。剩下的540个鸡蛋没有进行擦洗，而是进行了同样的喷洒处理。与未经处理的鸡蛋相比，擦洗使蛋壳表面的细菌总数、大肠菌群和大肠杆菌数量分别减少了4.31个log₁₀cfu/mL、3.42个log₁₀cfu/100 mL和2.21个log₁₀cfu/100 mL （P < 0.05）。洗涤降低了孵育第7 ~ 30天的胚胎死亡率，增加了孵育第1 ~ 28天的累积水分损失量（P < 0.05），而其他孵化性性状未受影响。此外，与6% H₂O₂组相比，喷施3% H₂O₂组提高了受精卵的孵化率，降低了滞销小鹅的比例（P < 0.05）。这些结果表明，在自来水下用洗涤垫擦洗是一种有效的方法，可以在不影响鹅孵蛋率的情况下改善蛋壳卫生。当应用h2o2喷雾消毒时，3%的浓度是保持孵化结果的首选。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of yeast-derived prebiotics on mitigating colonization and fecal shedding of Salmonella and modifying the microbiome of laying hens in a Salmonella Enteritidis challenge 酵母衍生的益生元对减少沙门氏菌定植和粪便脱落以及改变蛋鸡肠道菌群的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100634

Fozol K. Ovi , Ishab Poudel , Theresia Lavergne , Charlie Elrod , Pratima Adhikari

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two yeast-based prebiotics on mitigating Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection and modifying the microbiome of layer chickens. At 45 weeks of age, 72 Hy-line W36, SE negative, layers were placed in a tiered battery of 36 cages in a randomized block design. Tiers of cages were considered as the blocking factor, and each cage housed two layers. A four-week adaptation period was allowed before the oral challenge with nalidixic acid resistant SE (10^9 CFU/bird). A common diet was supplied to birds with or without prebiotic supplementation to formulate four treatments: Unchallenged control (NC), challenged control (PC), PC+ hydrolyzed yeast+yeast culture (HY/YC, 100 g/ton), and PC+ yeast cell wall+hydrolyzed yeast (YCW/HY, 100 g/ton). Fecal samples were collected at 0-, 3-, 7- and 14-days post inoculation (dpi) to quantify SE load in feces. Additionally, one bird from each cage was euthanized on 7- and 14-dpi to determine SE load in liver, ovary, spleen and ceca. Cloacal swabs were collected from one layer per replication, from replications one to six, on 14-dpi for 16S rRNA sequencing and analysis of microbiome richness, diversity, and robustness. Data were log transformed and analyzed using PROCGLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 and means were separated by Fisher’s LSD. At 7-dpi layers fed HY/YC or YCW/HY had a 1 log reduction in fecal shedding and cecal colonization of SE compared to PC (feces: 0.939 and 0.761 Vs 1.657; Ceca 1.594 and 1.597 Vs 2.613 logCFU/gm), without compromising overall egg production. Microbiome richness was better for layers fed NC or HY/YCW than for layers fed PC. Microbiome diversity and robustness were better for layers fed NC or HY/YC than for layers fed PC. Thus, yeast-based prebiotics could be effective in mitigating SE infection, as well as improving the microbiome of SE challenged layers.

本试验旨在评价两种酵母基益生元对蛋鸡肠炎沙门氏菌（Salmonella Enteritidis， SE）感染的缓解作用和对蛋鸡微生物群的影响。在45周龄时，采用随机区组设计，将72只海兰W36 （SE阴性）蛋鸡放入36个笼的分层电池中。多层的笼子被认为是阻碍因素，每个笼子有两层。耐钠地酸SE （10^9 CFU/只）口服攻毒前有4周的适应期。在普通饲粮中添加或不添加益生元，分别配制4种处理：无挑战对照（NC）、挑战对照（PC）、PC+水解酵母+酵母培养物（HY/YC, 100 g/t）和PC+酵母细胞壁+水解酵母（YCW/HY, 100 g/t）。分别于接种后0、3、7和14天收集粪便样本，量化粪便中的SE负荷。每笼各取1只，分别于7和14 dpi安乐死，测定肝脏、卵巢、脾脏和盲肠的SE负荷。从重复1到6次，每次复制收集一层拭子，在14 dpi上进行16S rRNA测序，并分析微生物组的丰富度、多样性和稳健性。数据采用SAS 9.4的PROCGLIMMIX程序进行对数变换和分析，均数采用Fisher’s LSD分离。在7 dpi的蛋鸡中，饲喂HY/YC或YCW/HY的蛋鸡的粪便排出量和盲肠定殖量比PC减少了1倍（粪便：0.939和0.761 Vs 1.657；盲肠：1.594和1.597 Vs 2.613 logCFU/gm），而不影响总产蛋量。饲喂NC或HY/YCW的蛋鸡微生物组丰富度优于饲喂PC的蛋鸡。饲喂NC或HY/YC的蛋鸡的微生物组多样性和稳健性优于饲喂PC的蛋鸡。因此，以酵母为基础的益生元可以有效减轻SE感染，并改善SE挑战蛋鸡的微生物群。

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引用次数: 0