Journal of Applied Poultry Research最新文献_第2页

Dietary phytogenic effects on cytoprotective and inflammatory responses in the ceca of laying hens 饲粮植物源性对蛋鸡盲肠细胞保护和炎症反应的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2026.100664

Evangelos C. Anagnostopoulos , Ioannis Brouklogiannis , Vasileios V. Paraskeuas , Eirini Griela , Aikaterini Koutsaviti , Renata Breitsma , Milan Hruby , Efstathia Ioannou , Konstantinos C. Mountzouris

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a phytogenic premix (PP) on critical gene components relevant to detoxification (AhR), antioxidant (Nrf2) and inflammatory (NF-κB) responses in the ceca of laying hens. The PP (Anco FIT Poultry) consisted of bioactive compounds derived from ginger, lemon balm, oregano, and thyme combined on clay-based functional carriers. A total of 385, 20-week-old, Hy-Line Brown layers were assigned to five treatments with seven replicates of eleven hens each. Treatments received a corn-soybean meal basal diet with no PP (CON) or supplemented with PP at 500 (P500), 750 (P750), 1000 (P1000) and 1500 mg/kg diet (P1500), respectively. The feeding trial lasted 12 weeks. At the 8^th and 12^th week of the experiment (i.e., 28^th and 32^nd week of layers’ age), ceca samples were collected and stored deep frozen until qPCR analysis. The nutrigenomic results revealed that at the 8^th week, diets supplemented with PP down-regulated (P ≤ 0.05) most of the AhR and the NF-κB pathway genes assessed in the ceca, while they up-regulated (P ≤ 0.05) genes involved in the Nrf2 pathway. In addition, at the 12^th week, PP dietary inclusion beneficially modulated (P ≤ 0.05) the AhR, Nrf2 and NF-κB pathway-related genes assessed in the ceca. In conclusion, according to the gene expression analysis, PP dietary inclusion appears to influence pathways related to detoxification, inflammation, and antioxidant responses, with the most pronounced effects observed at inclusion levels of 1000 to 1500 mg/kg diet.

本研究旨在评价植物性预混料（PP）对蛋鸡盲肠解毒（AhR）、抗氧化（Nrf2）和炎症（NF-κB）相关关键基因组分的影响。该PP （Anco FIT Poultry）由从姜、柠檬香、牛至和百里香中提取的生物活性化合物组合在粘土基功能载体上组成。试验选用385只20周龄海兰褐蛋鸡，分为5个处理，每处理7个重复，每个重复11只鸡。饲喂不添加PP （CON）或添加PP （500 （P500）、750 （P750）、1000 （P1000）和1500 mg/kg饲粮（P1500））的玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮。饲喂期12周。实验第8周和第12周（即蛋龄第28周和第32周）采集盲肠样本，冷冻保存至qPCR分析。营养基因组学结果显示，在第8周时，添加PP的饲料下调了盲肠中大部分AhR和NF-κB通路基因（P≤0.05），上调了Nrf2通路相关基因（P≤0.05）。此外，在试验第12周时，饲料中添加PP有利于调节盲肠中AhR、Nrf2和NF-κB通路相关基因的表达（P≤0.05）。综上所述，根据基因表达分析，饲料中添加PP似乎会影响解毒、炎症和抗氧化反应的相关途径，其中在饲料中添加1000 ~ 1500 mg/kg时影响最为显著。

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引用次数: 0

Analyzing slaughter modalities and environmental factors to improve prediction of Campylobacter concentration in broiler carcasses 分析屠宰方式和环境因素，提高肉鸡胴体弯曲杆菌浓度预测

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100662

Francis Lauriau , Sofia Strubbia , Jean-Michel Cappelier , Benjamin Mahieu , Nabila Haddad , Sandrine Guillou

Campylobacter, the most prevalent European bacterial foodborne pathogen, linked to poultry, poses challenges for French food manufacturers in meeting European regulatory hygiene limits for Campylobacter on broiler carcasses, highlighting the need to identify contamination sources to implement corrective measures.

This study aimed to identify the factors influencing Campylobacter contamination on broiler neck skin after chilling, by comparing two automated slaughterhouses with different contamination levels. Several statistical regression approaches were applied to data collected in both slaughterhouses, i.e. Campylobacter contamination in the air at different locations of the slaughterhouses and in the scalding bath, as well as on broiler cecal contents and neck skin, and recorded variables associated with operational slaughter settings. Several key contributors were identified, in order of importance: slaughter line speed, chilling efficiency, air contamination in the evisceration room, cecal contamination and air contamination at the hanging and plucking steps. Among these, cecal contamination and slaughter line speed were strong predictors of neck skin contamination after chilling.

This study highlighted the importance of both environmental factors and slaughter process in determining Campylobacter levels on broiler neck skin after chilling. A better understanding of these influences can support improved control strategies such as adjusting line speed and optimizing chilling, to reduce contamination and comply with regulatory limits.

弯曲杆菌是欧洲最普遍的细菌性食源性病原体，与家禽有关，这对法国食品制造商在满足欧洲肉鸡胴体上弯曲杆菌的卫生法规限制方面提出了挑战，强调了确定污染源以实施纠正措施的必要性。本研究旨在通过对两种不同污染水平的自动化屠宰场进行比较，找出影响冷却后肉鸡颈部皮肤弯曲杆菌污染的因素。对两个屠宰场收集的数据采用了几种统计回归方法，即屠宰场不同地点和烫伤浴中空气中的弯曲杆菌污染，以及肉鸡盲肠内容物和颈部皮肤的污染，并记录了与操作屠宰环境相关的变量。确定了几个关键因素，按重要性排序：屠宰线速度，冷却效率，内脏室的空气污染，盲肠污染以及悬挂和采摘步骤的空气污染。其中，盲肠污染和屠宰线速度是冷却后颈部皮肤污染的强预测因子。本研究强调了环境因素和屠宰工艺对冷却后肉鸡颈部皮肤弯曲杆菌水平的影响。更好地了解这些影响可以支持改进控制策略，例如调整线速度和优化冷却，以减少污染并遵守法规限制。

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引用次数: 0

Growth dynamics and predictive modeling of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from the commercial broiler farm environment 从商业肉鸡养殖场分离的肠炎沙门氏菌的生长动态和预测模型

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100661

A. Fatima, M. Naeem, M. Bailey, D.V. Bourassa

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) is a leading cause of foodborne illness globally, particularly associated with poultry products. Rapid and accurate prediction of bacterial growth in poultry environments is essential for effective contamination control. This study aimed to assess growth dynamics and develop a predictive linear regression model to estimate the growth of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from the broiler farm exhaust fan, using optical density (OD) and incubation time as predictors. In-vitro experiments were conducted over 18 h, with hourly measurements of viable cell counts (CFU/mL) and OD, capturing the full bacterial growth cycle. Stepwise regression was used to construct a model based on log (ln)-transformed CFU, OD, and time data, which achieved high accuracy (R² = 0.910, RMSE = 0.591) and demonstrated reliable cross-validation performance. The final model equation integrated OD and its interaction with time, providing a practical method for estimating bacterial load without the need for labor-intensive plating. Results showed that OD alone does not adequately reflect viable counts unless contextualized with incubation time. This modeling approach addresses a key gap in the literature by focusing specifically on Salmonella Enteritidis from poultry-associated matrices rather than generalized serotypes or reference strains. The findings support the use of OD-based prediction models for real-time microbial monitoring in poultry processing and production settings. The model has potential applications in assessing contamination risk, facilitating rapid decision-making, and developing automated detection systems for food safety. Future work may extend this model to other environmental samples from broiler farms and serotypes to improve its broader applicability in poultry industry microbiology.

肠道沙门氏菌亚种血清型肠炎（肠炎沙门氏菌）是全球食源性疾病的主要原因，特别是与家禽产品有关。快速准确地预测家禽环境中的细菌生长对有效控制污染至关重要。本研究以光密度（OD）和培养时间为预测因子，评估肉鸡养殖场排气扇中耐钠地酸肠炎沙门氏菌的生长动态，并建立预测线性回归模型。体外实验持续18小时，每小时测量活细胞计数（CFU/mL）和OD，捕捉细菌的整个生长周期。基于log （ln）变换的CFU、OD和时间数据，采用逐步回归方法构建模型，准确率较高（R²= 0.910,RMSE = 0.591），交叉验证性能可靠。最终的模型方程集成了OD及其与时间的相互作用，提供了一种实用的方法来估计细菌负荷，而不需要劳动密集型的电镀。结果表明，OD单独不能充分反映活菌数，除非与孵育时间相结合。这种建模方法解决了文献中的一个关键空白，即专门关注与家禽相关的肠炎沙门氏菌基质，而不是一般的血清型或参考菌株。研究结果支持在家禽加工和生产环境中使用基于od的预测模型进行实时微生物监测。该模型在评估污染风险、促进快速决策和开发食品安全自动检测系统方面具有潜在的应用价值。未来的工作可能会将该模型扩展到来自肉鸡农场和血清型的其他环境样本中，以提高其在家禽业微生物学中的广泛适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Qualitative field factors and their relationships with carcass condemnations in broilers: A mixed data approach 定性场因素及其与肉鸡胴体谴责的关系：混合数据方法

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100660

Thiago Gonsalo Silva , Maria Fernanda de Castro Burbarelli , Leonardo de Oliveira Seno , Fabiana Ribeiro Caldara , Claudia Marie Komiyama , Sarah Sgavioli , Caio César dos Ouros , Jean Kaique Valentim , Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia

The application of new technologies in poultry farming has led to increased domestic production, positioning Brazil prominently in the global market. However, the adaptation of these technologies during the incorporation process may present challenges in the field due to structural and climatic conditions, consequently resulting in higher rates of carcass condemnation. Therefore, understanding the profile of carcass condemnations is crucial for informed decision-making in the field and slaughterhouse operations. This study aims to establish the relationships between qualitative field factors, such as sex, hatchery of origin, type of poultry house acclimatization, and genetic line, and the causes of condemnation in broiler carcasses via a factorial analysis of mixed data. This study analyzed 445 complexes of the early slaughtered broiler ±28 days of age and 1.8–2.2 kg, between January 2021 and August 2022 in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The technological level of the evaluated poultry houses emerged as the primary factor explaining the diversity in condemnations, with negative pressure poultry houses demonstrating higher rates of carcass condemnation. Complexes of male broilers and birds housed from a single hatchery presented the lowest rates of condemnation during the slaughter process. The Ross 95 strain had the least impact on carcass condemnation. Therefore, in the context of this study, housing complexes of Ross 95 males with a single origin from a hatchery under positive pressure represents the most favorable scenario for reducing carcass condemnation. Housing system type and the uniformity of broiler origin, significantly influence condemnation rates and performance, highlighting the importance of controlled environments and maintaining homogeneous complexes to optimize performance and reduce condemnation rates.

新技术在家禽养殖中的应用提高了国内产量，使巴西在全球市场上处于突出地位。然而，由于结构和气候条件的原因，在整合过程中适应这些技术可能会在现场带来挑战，从而导致更高的胴体腐烂率。因此，了解屠体谴责的概况对于现场和屠宰场操作的知情决策至关重要。本研究旨在通过混合数据的析因分析，建立肉鸡胴体中性别、原产孵化场、家禽场驯化类型和遗传品系等定性现场因素与谴责原因之间的关系。本研究分析了2021年1月至2022年8月期间巴西南马托格罗索州445只±28日龄、1.8-2.2 kg的早期屠宰肉鸡。被评估禽舍的技术水平是解释谴责多样性的主要因素，负压禽舍的胴体谴责率更高。在屠宰过程中，雄性肉鸡和来自单一孵化场的禽类的复合体的谴责率最低。罗斯95菌株对胴体谴责的影响最小。因此，在本研究的背景下，来自孵化场的单一来源的罗斯95雄鱼在正压力下的住房综合体代表了减少胴体责难的最有利方案。饲养系统类型和肉鸡产地的均匀性显著影响定罪率和生产性能，强调了受控环境和保持同质复合体对优化生产性能和降低定罪率的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Different sources and levels of zinc, copper, and manganese in diets of laying hens on zootechnical performance, egg quality, intestinal morphology, bone quality, and mineral deposition 饲粮中不同锌、铜、锰来源和水平对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、肠道形态、骨品质和矿物沉积的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100659

Joelma V.C. Silva , Adiel V. Lima , Apolônio G. Ribeiro , Anna N.E. Ferreira de Brito , Thamires S. Ferreira , Jorge C.L. Muniz , Ricardo R. Guerra , Matheus R. Lima , Isabelle N. Kaneko , Leonardo A.F. Pascoal , Lucas R.R.A. Carvalho , Fernando G. Perazzo Costa

Minerals are essential for poultry nutrition, influencing performance, eggshell quality, and overall health. Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) are critical trace minerals involved in bone metabolism, eggshell formation, and enzyme activity. However, their bioavailability varies depending on the source and dietary inclusion level. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing Zn, Cu, and Mn from inorganic (sulfates) and chelated sources (mineral hydroxy‑analogue methionine) at two inclusion levels (recommended vs. higher levels) in light laying hens (Hy-Line W-80) from one day of age to 54 weeks. The study assessed performance, egg quality, intestinal morphology, tibia parameters, and mineral deposition. Results indicated that the source and supplementation level influenced key traits, including feed conversion, intestinal villi structure, phosphorus deposition in eggshells, and mineral excretion. Birds receiving sulfate sources showed improved feed intake, egg production, deeper duodenal crypts, and higher phosphorus deposition in eggshells, while the chelated source increased feed conversion efficiency and eggshell weight but reduced phosphorus deposition. Higher supplementation levels led to greater mineral excretion without additional benefits to performance or eggshell quality. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate mineral sources and inclusion levels to optimize production efficiency and sustainability in laying hens. The study suggests that supplementing Zn, Cu, and Mn from sulfate sources at recommended levels (32/8/32 ppm) is a cost-effective and efficient strategy for enhancing egg production and reducing mineral waste.

矿物质对家禽营养至关重要，影响生产性能、蛋壳质量和整体健康。锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）和锰（Mn）是参与骨骼代谢、蛋壳形成和酶活性的关键微量矿物质。然而，它们的生物利用度因来源和膳食添加水平而异。本研究评估了从无机（硫酸盐）和螯合源（矿物羟基类似蛋氨酸）中以两种包合水平（推荐水平和较高水平）补充1日龄至54周龄轻蛋鸡（Hy-Line W-80）锌、铜和锰的效果。研究评估了生产性能、鸡蛋品质、肠道形态、胫骨参数和矿物质沉积。结果表明，饲粮来源和饲粮添加水平影响饲料转化率、肠绒毛结构、蛋壳中磷沉积和矿物质排泄等关键性状。饲用硫酸盐源提高了采食量和产蛋量，加深了十二指肠隐窝，增加了蛋壳中磷的沉积，而螯合源提高了饲料转化率和蛋壳重量，但降低了磷的沉积。较高的补充水平导致更多的矿物质排泄，但对生产性能或蛋壳质量没有额外的好处。这些结果表明，选择合适的矿物来源和含矿水平对于优化蛋鸡的生产效率和可持续性具有重要意义。该研究表明，从硫酸盐来源补充推荐水平（32/8/32 ppm）的锌、铜和锰是一种经济有效的策略，可以提高鸡蛋产量并减少矿物浪费。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of oviposition pattern in Columbian Rock and White Leghorn breeder layer chickens divergent in laying rate and clutch size 产蛋率和产蛋量不同的哥伦比亚岩蛋鸡和白来窝蛋鸡产卵模式的特征

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100654

Adamu M. Isa , Yanyan Sun , Aixin Ni , Yuanmei Wang , Yunlei Li , Lei Shi , Hui Chen , Panling Wang , Pingzhuang Ge , Yunhe Zong , Hui Ma , Jilan Chen

The objective of this study was to characterize the oviposition patterns in Columbian Rock (CR) and White Leghorn (WL) breeder hens and to identify candidate genes for the oviposition traits. Hens were selected for this study based on their divergence in egg number and clutch size. The selected hens were categorized into Columbian Rock large clutch (CRLC), Columbian Rock small clutch (CRSC), White Leghorn large clutch (WLLC) and White Leghorn small clutch (WLSC). Egg production and clutch traits were recorded until 52 weeks of age for all hens in the two breeds while oviposition time was monitored for 14 days (d) in the hens selected for divergent clutch traits and laying rate. Furthermore, the expression of 16 candidate genes associated with egg laying was analyzed in the ovary tissues of the four groups. Results indicated a higher laying rate in White Leghorn than Columbian Rock. Furthermore, all desirable egg production indices were favorable in the large clutch groups compared to those in the small clutch group irrespective of breed (p ≤ 0.001). The majority of the hens in CRLC laid eggs between 08:00 and 08:30 hours (h), whereas the majority of hens in CRSC laid eggs between 11:00 and 11:30 h. Similarly, over 83 % of oviposition in WLLC occurred prior to 11:30 h, in contrast to less than 60 % in hens of WLSC. In both breeds, lag in oviposition differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) between the large and small clutch groups. The expression of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1A, pleiomorphic adenoma gene 1, and regulator of G protein signaling 3 in the pre-hierarchical follicles was higher in the CRLC group than in the CRSC. The expression of aromatase was higher in WLSC than in WLLC, suggesting a group-specific expression pattern. Hens with large clutches demonstrated a narrow oviposition window and consistently shorter oviposition lag, leading to shorter internal cycle lengths and an overall higher egg-laying efficiency.

本研究的目的是研究哥伦比亚岩种鸡（CR）和白来角种鸡（WL）的产卵模式，并确定其产卵性状的候选基因。根据母鸡产蛋数和产蛋量的差异选择母鸡进行试验。选取的母鸡分为哥伦比亚岩大蛋（CRLC）、哥伦比亚岩小蛋（CRSC）、白来鸿大蛋（WLLC）和白来鸿小蛋（WLSC）。记录两个品种母鸡的产蛋量和产蛋性状直至52周龄，同时对产蛋性状和产蛋率不同的母鸡进行14天(d)的产卵时间监测。此外，我们还分析了16个与产卵相关的候选基因在四组卵巢组织中的表达。结果表明，白莱格霍恩的产卵率高于哥伦比亚岩。此外，无论品种如何，大窝组的所有理想产蛋率指标均优于小窝组（p≤0.001）。CRLC的大多数母鸡在08:00 - 08:30小时(h)下蛋，而CRSC的大多数母鸡在11:00 - 11:30小时(h)下蛋。同样，WLLC超过83%的母鸡在11:30小时之前产卵，而WLSC的母鸡则不到60%。两个品种的大窝组和小窝组的滞卵率差异显著（p≤0.05）。β -羟基丁酸脱氢酶1A、多形性腺瘤基因1和G蛋白信号传导调节因子3在分级前卵泡中的表达在CRLC组高于CRSC组。芳香化酶在WLSC中的表达高于WLLC，表明其具有群体特异性表达模式。产蛋较多的母鸡产卵窗口较窄，产卵滞后时间较短，从而缩短了内部周期长度，总体上提高了产蛋效率。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of limestones varying in calcium solubility on egg production performance and total tract calcium retention in Lohman LSL Lite laying hens 不同钙溶解度的石灰石对Lohman LSL Lite蛋鸡产蛋性能和全道钙潴留的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100658

R.L. Drysdale , P.L. Utterback , B.W. Parsons , J.E. Emmert , C.M. Parsons

Limestone is one of the primary sources of Ca in poultry diets because it is often readily available and inexpensive. The amount and availability of Ca in limestone can vary due to factors such as the origin of the rock, particle size, and solubility. It is believed that larger particles that solubilize at moderate or slow rates may be advantageous by limiting Ca-phytate interactions and increasing retention time of particles in the gastrointestinal tract, which would lead to better utilization of Ca by the bird. There were 5 limestones evaluated with 2 dietary Ca levels fed per limestone (2.65 and 3.80 %) to Lohmann LS Lite hens from 50 to 66 wk-of-age. The 5 limestones differed in geographical origin within the U. S., particle size, and solubility. Utilization of low Ca diets (2.65 %) resulted in impairments in egg production, egg mass, feed efficiency, egg specific gravity, and eggshell breaking strength. There were few differences among the 5 limestones evaluated, albeit limestone 2, which had the lowest solubility at 30 min (88 %) and lowest Ca content (36.7 %), was generally inferior to the other limestones in both the 2.65 % and 3.8 % Ca diets. The results of this study highlight the importance of the dietary Ca level for supporting optimal egg production and eggshell synthesis. Further, some indication of limestone characteristics that may result in impairments to performance are provided, which will assist nutritionists in selecting which limestone to use in their rations.

石灰石是家禽日粮中钙的主要来源之一，因为它通常容易获得且价格低廉。石灰石中钙的含量和可用性因岩石来源、粒度和溶解度等因素而异。我们认为，以中等或缓慢速率溶解的较大颗粒可能有利于限制Ca-植酸相互作用和增加颗粒在胃肠道中的停留时间，这将导致鸟类更好地利用Ca。50 ~ 66周龄Lohmann LS Lite蛋鸡试验饲喂5块石灰石，每块石灰石饲粮钙水平分别为2.65%和3.80%。这5种石灰石在美国境内的地理来源、粒度和溶解度方面各不相同。低钙饲粮（2.65%）导致产蛋量、产蛋量、饲料效率、鸡蛋比重和蛋壳破壳强度下降。5种石灰石之间的差异不大，但石灰石2在30分钟溶解度最低（88%），钙含量最低（36.7%），在2.65%和3.8%钙饲料中普遍不如其他石灰石。本研究结果强调了饲粮钙水平对支持最佳产蛋量和蛋壳合成的重要性。此外，还提供了一些石灰石特性的指示，这些特性可能会导致性能受损，这将有助于营养学家选择在他们的口粮中使用哪种石灰石。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of commercial lentogenic Newcastle disease vaccine strains in layer chicks in Nepal 尼泊尔产蛋雏鸡新城疫病商品化透镜原性疫苗株的安全性和免疫原性比较

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100657

Prakash Rawal , Akash Adhikari , Sujan Adhikari , Shiva Prasad Kandel , Narendra Prasad Bhatta , Swagat Khanal , Abhishek Adhikari , Modnath Gautam

Newcastle disease (ND) continues to affect poultry flocks in Nepal despite routine vaccination, with outbreaks suggesting vaccine failure and interference from maternally derived antibodies (MDA). This study compared the safety and antibody response of three commercial lentogenic ND vaccine strains (HB1, F1, F) in layer chicks carrying MDA. Chicks were divided into vaccine, control, and baseline groups, with vaccines administered via the oculo-nasal-oral route at day 3. Vaccine safety was observed for 21 days, while vaccine efficacy and MDA levels were assessed by measuring antibody titers on days 1, 14, 21, and 28 using ELISA. Baseline MDA titers were high on day 1 but declined to negligible levels by day 28, with an estimated half-life of 6–7 days. All vaccines were safe, with no adverse effects even at tenfold dose. Significant differences in antibody response were observed among vaccine strains (P < 0.001). HB1 induced a stronger response by day 14, while F1 and F produced weaker responses. By day 21, HB1 achieved protective titers in 90 % of birds, compared with 60 % for F1 and 30 % for F. These findings confirm that all tested vaccines are safe but differ in immunogenicity, with HB1 showing superior performance.

尽管尼泊尔进行了常规疫苗接种，但新城疫（ND）仍在继续影响家禽群，暴发表明疫苗接种失败，并受到母源抗体（MDA）的干扰。本研究比较了三种商品化透镜原性ND疫苗株（HB1、F1、F）在携带MDA的蛋鸡中的安全性和抗体反应。雏鸡分为疫苗组、对照组和基线组，在第3天通过眼-鼻-口途径接种疫苗。观察疫苗安全性21 d，在第1、14、21、28天采用ELISA法测定抗体滴度，评估疫苗有效性和MDA水平。基线MDA滴度在第1天很高，但在第28天下降到可以忽略不计的水平，估计半衰期为6-7天。所有疫苗都是安全的，即使是十倍剂量也没有副作用。不同疫苗株的抗体应答有显著差异（P < 0.001）。HB1在第14天诱导的应答较强，而F1和F的应答较弱。到第21天，HB1在90%的禽类中达到了保护效价，而F1为60%，f为30%。这些发现证实，所有测试的疫苗都是安全的，但在免疫原性方面存在差异，HB1表现出更好的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Cinnamon Nanoparticles on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Hematological, and Gut Microbial Composition in Broiler Chickens Under Heat Stress Conditions 肉桂纳米颗粒对热应激条件下肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化状态、血液学和肠道微生物组成的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100656

Mokhtar Fathi , Kianoosh Zarrinkavyani

Heat stress poses a major challenge to poultry production, emphasizing the critical need for efficient interventions to counter its negative impacts and support animal health and performance. The present study evaluated the efficacy of cinnamon nanoparticles in improving growth performance and alleviating heat stress in broiler chickens. A total of 500 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design. From day 1 to 25, broiler chickens were maintained under standard environmental conditions. Starting on day 25 until day 42, birds were subjected to daily heat stress exposure at 34 ± 2°C for 8 h per day (09:00–17:00). Each treatment included five replicates with 20 birds per replicate. The experimental treatments consisted of a control group receiving a basal diet without supplementation, and four groups supplemented with 150, 300, 450, or 600 mg of cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs) per kilogram of feed. The CNPs were synthesized using an ultrasound-assisted method. Supplementation with CNPs significantly improved growth performance in a dose-dependent manner. Final body weight and body weight gain increased linearly, with the highest values observed at 600 mg/kg (2590 g and 1693 g, respectively) compared to control (1979 g and 1129 g). Although feed intake (FI) was numerically higher in the supplemented groups, the differences were not statistically significant across all levels. Feed conversion ratio improved significantly, decreasing from 1.73 in control to 1.40 at 600 mg/kg, while mortality rate was reduced from 10 % to 4 %. Antioxidant enzyme activities increased significantly with CNPs supplementation. Glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase activities showed linear improvements, reaching 229.91 mU/mL and 139 U/mL respectively at the highest dose, whereas malondialdehyde concentration decreased, and indicating reduced oxidative stress. Hematological indices were positively modulated; red blood cell counts increased significantly and white blood cell counts, heterophil percentage, and heterophil/lymphocyte ratio decreased, suggesting improved immune status and reduced physiological stress. Moreover, cecal lactic acid bacteria populations increased significantly with higher CNPs levels, while coliform counts remained unchanged. In conclusion, dietary cinnamon nanoparticles effectively mitigated heat stress effects in broilers by enhancing growth performance, antioxidant defenses, hematological health, and beneficial gut microbial, suggesting their potential as a natural feed additive in poultry production under heat stress conditions.

热应激对家禽生产构成重大挑战，强调迫切需要采取有效干预措施，以抵消其负面影响并支持动物健康和生产性能。本研究评价了肉桂纳米颗粒提高肉鸡生长性能和缓解热应激的效果。试验选用500只1日龄罗斯308肉鸡，采用完全随机设计，随机分为5个饲粮处理组。第1 ~ 25天，在标准环境条件下饲养肉鸡。从第25天开始至第42天，每天在34±2°C下进行8 h的热应激暴露（09:00-17:00）。每个处理包括5个重复，每个重复20只鸡。实验处理包括对照组接受基础饲粮，不添加任何添加剂，四组每公斤饲料添加150、300、450或600毫克肉桂纳米颗粒（CNPs）。采用超声辅助方法合成CNPs。补充CNPs以剂量依赖的方式显著改善了生长性能。最终体重和增重呈线性增长，与对照组（1979 g和1129 g）相比，600 mg/kg（分别为2590 g和1693 g）时达到最高值。虽然各添加组的采食量（FI）数值较高，但各水平间差异无统计学意义。饲料系数显著提高，在600 mg/kg时，饲料系数从对照组的1.73降至1.40，死亡率从10%降至4%。添加CNPs显著提高了抗氧化酶活性。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和总超氧化物歧化酶活性呈线性提高，在最高剂量下分别达到229.91 mU/mL和139 U/mL，而丙二醛浓度下降，表明氧化应激减轻。血液学指标正调节；红细胞计数显著升高，白细胞计数、嗜白细胞百分比和嗜白细胞/淋巴细胞比值降低，表明免疫状态改善，生理应激减轻。此外，随着CNPs水平的提高，盲肠乳酸菌数量显著增加，而大肠菌群数量保持不变。综上所述，饲粮中肉桂纳米颗粒通过提高肉鸡的生长性能、抗氧化防御能力、血液系统健康和有益肠道微生物，有效减轻了热应激对肉鸡的影响，表明肉桂纳米颗粒有可能作为一种天然饲料添加剂用于热应激条件下的家禽生产。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of powdered disinfectants to reduce bacterial contamination of footwear 粉末状消毒液对减少鞋类细菌污染的评价

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100655

L.A. Wythe, Y.Z. Farnell, M.B. Farnell

Footwear is a known route for spreading microorganisms to farms and between poultry houses. While disinfectant foot pans are commonly used, liquid products lose efficacy when organic matter such as feces or litter is present. This study evaluated powdered peracetic acid, sodium percarbonate, quaternary ammonium compound, and bleach disinfectants for their ability to reduce bacteria on contaminated boot molds under heavy organic loads. Each product was evaluated individually by inoculating concrete boot molds in plastic boot covers with layer manure and tested a short versus long contact time. Microbial loads of total aerobes, Staphylococci, and coliforms were enumerated after treatment. Results indicated that all four products reduced microbial loads compared to rinsing only, suggesting successful use even with short contact times. Efficacy of the sodium percarbonate and quaternary ammonium compounds were more time dependent, while the peracetic acid and bleach products were less so. Powdered disinfectants offer a viable alternative to liquid foot pans, but product selection may need to be tailored to meet individual farm needs.

鞋类是将微生物传播到农场和禽舍之间的已知途径。虽然通常使用消毒脚盘，但当存在粪便或垃圾等有机物质时，液体产品会失去功效。本研究评估了粉状过氧乙酸、过碳酸钠、季铵化合物和漂白剂在重有机负荷下减少受污染靴模上细菌的能力。每个产品分别通过接种混凝土靴模在塑料靴套与层肥，并测试了短与长接触时间。计算了治疗后总需氧菌、葡萄球菌和大肠菌群的微生物负荷。结果表明，与仅冲洗相比，所有四种产品都减少了微生物负荷，这表明即使接触时间短，也能成功使用。过碳酸钠和季铵类化合物对漂白效果的时间依赖性较强，过乙酸和漂白剂对漂白效果的时间依赖性较小。粉状消毒剂是液体洗脚盆的可行替代品，但产品选择可能需要根据个别农场的需求进行定制。

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引用次数: 0