Journal of Applied Poultry Research最新文献_第5页

A survey of total nitrogen abundance in pullet and laying hen houses in Alberta, Canada 加拿大艾伯塔省雏鸡和蛋鸡舍总氮丰度调查

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100619

Joseph B.E. Saharchuk , M. Faizal Abdul-Careem , Hans D. Osthoff

Ammonia (NH₃) is the most abundant alkaline gas in the atmosphere and a major contributor to aerosol formation in ambient air, impacting climate and human health. Agricultural practices are a major atmospheric source of NH₃ in the troposphere, yet observations of N-based compounds in agricultural settings have been sparse. This paper describes measurements of total nitrogen (N_t) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in 14 Alberta laying hen facilities. Mixing ratios of N_t and nitrogen oxides (NO and NO_x) were monitored using a chemiluminescence (CL) instrument equipped with an automated inlet filter valve to differentiate between gas-phase and total (i.e., gas and aerosol phase), and mixing ratios of CO₂ were monitored using a non-dispersive infrared sensor (NDIR). The N_t budget was dominated by gas-phase NH₃ whose mixing ratio varied greatly between barns, from 0.2 to 16 parts-per-million by volume (ppm) and median level of 2.1 ppm, compliant with the industry's NH₃ standard of < 25 ppm. Observed NO_x levels were in the range of 1.5 to 22.3 parts-per-billion by volume (ppb), median 11.3 ppb, and were negligible compared to N_t. Mixing ratios of CO₂ ranged from 629 to 2185 ppm (median 1639 ppm). Emission rates (ER) of NH₃ were estimated from the observed CO₂ enhancements relative to ambient air and an assumed ER of CO₂ of 71.5 g d^-1 bird^-1 and ranged from 0.005 to 0.136 g d^-1 bird^-1 (median 0.046 g d^-1 bird^-1). This work is the first examination of air quality in Alberta poultry barns from a total nitrogen perspective and sets a baseline for future studies.

氨（NH3）是大气中最丰富的碱性气体，也是环境空气中气溶胶形成的主要贡献者，影响气候和人类健康。农业活动是对流层中NH3的主要大气来源，但在农业环境中对n基化合物的观测很少。本文描述了在艾伯塔省14个蛋鸡设施的总氮（Nt）和二氧化碳（CO2）的测量。使用化学发光（CL）仪器监测Nt和氮氧化物（NO和NOx）的混合比例，该仪器配备了一个自动进口过滤阀，以区分气相和总相（即气相和气溶胶相），并使用非色散红外传感器（NDIR）监测CO2的混合比例。nnt预算主要由气相NH3主导，其混合比例在不同的谷仓之间差异很大，从0.2到16百万分之一（ppm），中位数为2.1 ppm，符合行业NH3标准25 ppm。观测到的氮氧化物浓度在1.5至22.3 ppb之间，中位数为11.3 ppb，与Nt相比可以忽略不计。二氧化碳的混合比在629至2185 ppm之间（中位数为1639 ppm）。NH3的排放率（ER）是根据观测到的相对于环境空气的CO2增加来估算的，假设CO2排放率为71.5 g d-1 bird-1，范围为0.005 ~ 0.136 g d-1 bird-1（中位数为0.046 g d-1 bird-1）。这项工作是从总氮的角度对阿尔伯塔省家禽饲养场的空气质量进行了首次检查，并为未来的研究奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Circadian rhythm of locomotor activity and body temperature in free-range laying hens as measured by triaxial accelerometers and subcutaneous biologgers 用三轴加速度计和皮下生物学仪测量散养蛋鸡运动活动和体温的昼夜节律

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100607

José A. Abecia , Francisco Canto , Javier Plaza , Jaime Nieto , Carlos Palacios

Biosensors are essential tools for monitoring temperature in poultry because they provide real-time data that can enhance animal welfare and productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of triaxial accelerometers and subcutaneous biologgers to monitor of locomotor activity (LA) and body temperature (BT) in free-range laying hens, to explore their potential for assessing circadian patterns relevant to welfare monitoring. Five hens were fitted with a harness that carried an accelerometer to record LA for 6 d. In addition, hens received a surgically implanted biologger to record BT every 15 min. Animals were housed indoors that had an artificial photoperiod (16L:8D) and an adjacent outdoor pen. Hen BT decreased between 1900 h and 2300 h, and was lowest 30 min before lights turned off at 2330 h. From that moment, BT increased throughout the night and until 0900 h in the morning; after which, it remained stable until the evening. Animals remained practically motionless during darkness, and began moving immediately after lights turned on. BT and LA exhibited a 24-h circadian rhythm. There was a significant correlation between BT and LA (P < 0.01), but BT was not correlated with ambient T. LA was correlated with indoor and outdoor ambient T (P < 0.01). In conclusion, free-range laying hens exhibited clear circadian rhythms in LA and BT, which were synchronized with the light-dark cycle. Ambient T influenced LA, which was correlated with BT. Those findings can contribute to the optimization of management practices that are intended to maximize welfare and productivity.

生物传感器是监测家禽体温的重要工具，因为它们提供的实时数据可以提高动物福利和生产力。本研究的目的是评估使用三轴加速度计和皮下生物学家来监测自由放养蛋鸡的运动活动（LA）和体温（BT），以探索它们在评估与福利监测相关的昼夜节律模式方面的潜力。5只母鸡被安装了一个带加速度计的线束，连续6天记录LA。此外，母鸡每15分钟接受一次手术植入的生物学家记录BT。动物被安置在室内，有一个人工光周期（16L:8D）和一个相邻的室外围栏。随后，BT在1900 ~ 2300 h之间下降，在2330 h熄灯前30 min达到最低。此后，BT在整个夜间增加，直到早上0900 h；此后，它一直保持稳定，直到晚上。动物在黑暗中几乎一动不动，灯亮后立即开始活动。BT和LA呈24小时昼夜节律。BT与LA呈极显著相关（P < 0.01），而BT与环境T不相关（P < 0.01）， LA与室内和室外环境T相关（P < 0.01）。综上所述，散养蛋鸡在LA和BT中表现出明显的昼夜节律，且昼夜节律与光暗周期同步。环境T影响LA，而LA与BT相关。这些发现有助于优化旨在最大化福利和生产力的管理实践。

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引用次数: 0

Advancements in machine learning applications in poultry farming: a literature review 机器学习在家禽养殖中的应用进展：文献综述

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100602

M. Naeem, Z. Jia, J. Wang, S. Poudel, S. Manjankattil, Y. Adhikari, M. Bailey, D. Bourassa

Integrating machine learning (ML) in poultry science presents transformative opportunities for optimizing production, enhancing animal welfare, and improving disease management. This review explores the current landscape of ML applications within the poultry sector, encompassing growth prediction, disease detection, behaviour analysis, environmental monitoring, and productivity enhancement. ML techniques, including artificial neural networks, random forests, and deep learning, have demonstrated high predictive accuracy and adaptability in handling complex and nonlinear poultry data. Key innovations include the automated detection of diseased birds via image and audio recognition, the prediction of growth and body weight using environmental and nutritional parameters, and the assessment of animal behavior and welfare. This review also highlights challenges related to data quality, model interpretability, infrastructure limitations, and the generalizability of models across different poultry systems. Despite these hurdles, case studies reported in the literature demonstrate tangible benefits in productivity gains and early disease mitigation through ML applications. Moreover, the emergence of real-time sensing technologies and Internet of Things devices enables more granular data collection, further enhancing ML’s potential impact. Future strategies include fostering closer collaboration between data scientists and poultry specialists, developing explainable machine learning models, and integrating these models into decision-support systems to better assist farmers. The article advocates for scalable, ethical, and transparent ML solutions that align with both commercial viability and animal welfare goals. Overall, ML serves as a promising frontier for addressing the complex biological and operational dynamics of modern poultry farming.

将机器学习（ML）整合到家禽科学中，为优化生产、提高动物福利和改善疾病管理提供了变革性的机会。这篇综述探讨了ML在家禽业中的应用现状，包括生长预测、疾病检测、行为分析、环境监测和生产力提高。机器学习技术，包括人工神经网络、随机森林和深度学习，在处理复杂和非线性家禽数据方面表现出很高的预测准确性和适应性。关键的创新包括通过图像和音频识别自动检测病禽，使用环境和营养参数预测生长和体重，以及评估动物行为和福利。本综述还强调了与数据质量、模型可解释性、基础设施限制以及模型在不同家禽系统中的普遍性相关的挑战。尽管存在这些障碍，但文献中报道的案例研究表明，通过ML应用在提高生产力和早期疾病缓解方面有切实的好处。此外，实时传感技术和物联网设备的出现使更精细的数据收集成为可能，进一步增强了机器学习的潜在影响。未来的战略包括促进数据科学家和家禽专家之间更密切的合作，开发可解释的机器学习模型，并将这些模型集成到决策支持系统中，以更好地帮助农民。本文倡导可扩展、道德和透明的ML解决方案，这些解决方案既符合商业可行性，又符合动物福利目标。总的来说，机器学习是解决现代家禽养殖复杂的生物和操作动态的一个有前途的前沿。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of excess non-phytate phosphorus from dicalcium phosphate or phytase supplementary sources on performance in laying hens fed reduced-protein diets 磷酸二钙和植酸酶补充源中过量非植酸磷对低蛋白质饲粮蛋鸡生产性能的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100575

Hazhir Mazhar, Sina Payvastegan, Mohsen Daneshyar, Seyed Ali Mirghelenj

The rapid growth of industrial egg production has intensified environmental and economic pressures, prompting the adoption of reduced crude protein (CP) diets supplemented with amino acids to lower costs and nitrogen waste. However, CP reduction may limit phosphorus availability, potentially impairing energy metabolism. This study investigates whether adding extra non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) from mineral (dicalcium phosphate, DCP) and enzymatic (phytase) sources can improve performance, nutrient use, and egg quality in hens fed reduced-CP diets. A total of 528 Hy-Line W36 hens (50 weeks old) were used in a 2 × 5 + 1 factorial design. The CP levels included 14 % and 15 % (2 % and 1 % below the recommended level), and excess NPP treatments consisted of: no additional NPP (recommended NPP level), 1 and 2 g/kg extra NPP via added DCP, and 1.6 and 2 g/kg extra NPP via phytase supplementation (250 and 500 FYT/kg). A control diet containing 16 % CP (recommended CP level) was included as the eleventh treatment. Key findings showed phytase at 250–500 FYT/kg significantly improved egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio compared to unsupplemented diets. Notably, 500 FYT/kg phytase enhanced digestibility of gross energy, CP, ether extract, and calcium, whereas inclusion of NPP from DCP reduced calcium digestibility. Interactive effects between CP and excess NPP were observed: 500 FYT/kg phytase in 15 % CP diets improved P digestibility and eggshell strength, while both phytase levels increased eggshell thickness. In conclusion, phytase supplementation improved laying hen performance in reduced-CP diets through extra-phosphoric effects, while excess NPP from DCP was ineffective.

工业化蛋品生产的快速增长加剧了环境和经济压力，促使采用添加氨基酸的低粗蛋白质饲粮，以降低成本和氮浪费。然而，CP的减少可能会限制磷的有效性，潜在地损害能量代谢。本研究旨在探讨在低cp饲粮中额外添加矿物质（磷酸二钙）和酶（植酸酶）来源的非植酸磷（NPP）是否能提高母鸡的生产性能、营养物质利用和蛋品质。试验采用2 × 5 + 1因子设计，共选用528只50周龄的海兰W36母鸡。CP水平分别为14%和15%（比推荐水平低2%和1%），过量NPP处理包括：不增加NPP（推荐NPP水平），通过添加DCP增加1和2 g/kg的NPP，通过添加植酸酶（250和500 FYT/kg）增加1.6和2 g/kg的NPP。第11个处理为含16%粗蛋白质（推荐粗蛋白质水平）的对照饲粮。主要研究结果表明，与未添加植酸酶的饲粮相比，添加250-500 FYT/kg植酸酶显著提高了蛋产量、蛋质量和饲料系数。值得注意的是，500 FYT/kg植酸酶提高了总能、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和钙的消化率，而DCP中添加NPP降低了钙的消化率。CP与过量NPP之间存在交互效应：15% CP饲粮中添加500 FYT/kg植酸酶可提高磷消化率和蛋壳强度，两种植酸酶水平均可增加蛋壳厚度。综上所述，在低cp饲粮中，添加植酸酶通过额外的磷效应提高了蛋鸡生产性能，而DCP产生的过量NPP无效。

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引用次数: 0

Welfare and productivity in muscovy ducks: Impact of swimming pond availability 番鸭的福利和生产力：游泳池可用性的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100628

Lukáš Zita , Ondřej Krunt , Jitka Edrová , Jakub Vorel , Eva Chmelíková , Antonella Dalle Zotte

Housing conditions strongly influence both the welfare and productivity of farmed poultry. Muscovy ducks, unlike many other commercial species, are naturally adapted to water and may benefit from access to swimming facilities. In this study, we explored how providing a pond environment affects the overall health, growth, and product quality of these birds, while also considering natural differences between males and females. Ducks allowed to swim displayed better hygiene, with cleaner plumage and healthier eyes and nostrils, suggesting a direct link between water access and welfare. Their physiological status also indicated a more balanced metabolism. Growth patterns differed over time, but ultimately ducks with swimming access achieved similar or superior body development compared with those kept without water. Differences were also apparent in carcass composition and bone quality. Swimming birds carried less excess fat and produced stronger skeletal tissue with greater mineral content, outcomes that can be considered both a welfare and a production advantage. Sex differences were evident across many traits: males generally grew larger and had heavier carcasses, while females tended to show higher fat loss after processing. These observations underline that management practices interact with biological factors in shaping performance and meat quality. Overall, the findings demonstrate that incorporating swimming ponds into Muscovy duck housing not only enhances bird welfare by improving hygiene and natural behavior but also contributes to valuable production traits. Such housing adjustments may therefore represent a sustainable step forward in balancing animal welfare with the expectations of modern poultry production.

住房条件对养殖家禽的福利和生产力有很大影响。与许多其他商业物种不同，番鸭天生就适应水，可能会从游泳设施中受益。在本研究中，我们探讨了提供池塘环境如何影响这些鸟类的整体健康、生长和产品质量，同时也考虑了雄性和雌性之间的自然差异。被允许游泳的鸭子表现得更卫生，羽毛更干净，眼睛和鼻孔也更健康，这表明水的获取与福利之间存在直接联系。他们的生理状态也表明新陈代谢更加平衡。随着时间的推移，生长模式有所不同，但最终，与没有水的鸭子相比，有游泳机会的鸭子的身体发育相似或更好。在胴体组成和骨质量方面也存在明显差异。游泳的鸟类携带的多余脂肪更少，骨骼组织更强壮，矿物质含量更高，结果可以被认为是一种福利和生产优势。性别差异在许多特征上都很明显：雄性通常长得更大，尸体更重，而雌性在加工后往往表现出更高的脂肪损失。这些观察结果强调，管理实践与生物因素在塑造性能和肉品质方面相互作用。总体而言，研究结果表明，将游泳池纳入番鸭舍不仅可以通过改善卫生和自然行为来提高鸟类福利，而且还有助于提高有价值的生产性状。因此，这种住房调整可能是在平衡动物福利与现代家禽生产期望方面向前迈出的可持续一步。

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引用次数: 0

Development and testing of an indoor air scrubber for removing ammonia from air within poultry houses 用于去除禽舍空气中氨的室内空气洗涤器的开发和测试

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100599

Philip A. Moore Jr. , Kelsey Anderson , Jerry Martin , Hong Li , Joseph L. Purswell

High levels of ammonia (NH₃) in poultry houses negatively affect bird BW, FCR, and disease resistance, and negatively affect the health of agricultural workers. The objectives of this research were to build and test the efficacy of a newly developed indoor air scrubber on reducing NH₃ concentrations. A full-scale prototype was constructed, and a series of experiments were conducted in a shop under various conditions using sulfuric acid for capturing NH₃. Dilute sulfuric acid (1%) was sprayed through 21 nozzles placed in six rows at multiple heights and orientations. Scrubbing efficiency was tested for two h at five NH₃ concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm) and two air flow rates (7,372 and 9,334 m³ h^-1) with three replications of each of the ten scenarios. The efficiency of the scrubber decreased with increases in air flow rate and NH₃ concentration. At the lower air flow rate the percent NH₃ reduction was 99, 98, 96, 94, and 93% when inflow concentrations were 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm NH₃, respectively, with corresponding outflow concentrations of 0.1, 0.7, 2.2, 4.2, and 7.3 ppm NH₃. At the higher flow rate, the percent reduction was 90, 91, 88, 87 and 87% at 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm NH₃, respectively, with corresponding outflow concentrations of 1.1, 2.4, 6.1, 9.9, and 13.1 ppm. When inflow NH₃ levels were relatively high (>50 ppm), the scrubber captured over 100 g N hr^-1. This technology would result in much lower NH₃ concentrations in poultry houses, which would improve poultry production and worker health, and capture valuable nitrogen fertilizer, while reducing air and water pollution

禽舍内氨（NH3）水平过高会对禽鸟体重、食积比和抗病能力产生负面影响，并对农业工人的健康产生负面影响。本研究的目的是建立和测试新开发的室内空气洗涤器对降低NH3浓度的功效。构建了全尺寸原型机，并在车间中进行了一系列实验，在各种条件下使用硫酸捕获NH3。稀硫酸（1%）通过6排不同高度和方向的21个喷嘴喷射。在5种NH3浓度（10、25、50、75和100 ppm）和2种空气流速（7,372和9,334 m3 h-1）下测试了2小时的洗涤效率，每种情况重复3次。随着空气流量和NH3浓度的增加，洗涤器的效率降低。在较低的空气流速下，当NH3流入浓度分别为10、25、50、75和100 ppm，流出浓度分别为0.1、0.7、2.2、4.2和7.3 ppm时，NH3减少率分别为99、98、96、94和93%。当NH3浓度分别为1.1、2.4、6.1、9.9和13.1 ppm时，当NH3浓度为10、25、50、75和100 ppm时，NH3的去除率分别为90%、91%、88%、87%和87%。当流入NH3水平相对较高（50 ppm）时，洗涤器捕获超过100 g N / hr-1。这项技术将大大降低禽舍中的NH3浓度，这将改善家禽生产和工人健康，并捕获宝贵的氮肥，同时减少空气和水污染

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引用次数: 0

Bioequivalence of a commercial polyherbal choline for replacement of choline chloride for broiler chickens 肉仔鸡用多草药胆碱替代氯化胆碱的生物等效性

IF 1.6 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100571

Eduarda A. Taschetto , Guilherme L. Godoy , Everton L. Albigo , Glauco A. Raddatz , Yuri K. Dalmoro , Jessica A. Alencar , Sebastião A. Borges , Catarina Stefanello

Choline is an indispensable nutrient in poultry diets to ensure optimal growth and health. Alternative sources of choline derived from herbal extracts have been increasingly used as replacements for choline chloride. The objective of this study was to determine the bioequivalence of a novel polyherbal choline source for broiler chickens up to 35 d of age. A total of 1,120 one-d-old male Cobb 500 chicks were distributed to 7 treatments and 8 replicate pens with 20 birds each. The experimental diets were: control (based on rice bran, corn gluten, and soybean meal); control supplemented with increasing levels of polyherbal choline (HC; 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) and control supplemented with choline chloride 60 % (CC; 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg). Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated by phases. The effects of choline sources and levels were also assessed on leg deviations at 28 and 34 d, and breast and liver characteristics at 35 d. Data were subjected to ANOVA and regression equations were estimated for each choline source. Increasing levels of both choline sources reduced leg deviations and improved liver redness (a*). Comparing the regression slopes of HC with CC, bioequivalences at 3.34 and 2.43 were obtained for BWG and at 2.88 and 2.30 for FCR, from 1 to 28 and 1 to 34 d, respectively. Therefore, the bioequivalence values for BWG and FCR ranged from 1 unit of HC to 2.23-3.34 units of CC.

胆碱是家禽日粮中保证最佳生长和健康不可缺少的营养素。从草药提取物中提取的胆碱的替代来源已越来越多地用作氯化胆碱的替代品。本研究的目的是确定一种新型多草药胆碱源对35日龄肉鸡的生物等效性。试验选用1龄Cobb 500雄性雏鸡1120只，分为7个处理和8个重复栏，每个重复栏20只。试验饲粮为：对照（以米糠、玉米蛋白和豆粕为基础）；对照组补充增加多草药胆碱水平(HC；100、200和300 mg/kg)，对照组添加氯化胆碱60% (CC；200,400和600mg /kg)。分阶段计算体增重（BWG）、采食量（FI）和饲料系数（FCR）。还评估了胆碱来源和水平对28和34 d时腿部偏差的影响，以及35 d时乳房和肝脏特征的影响。对每个胆碱来源的数据进行方差分析和回归方程估计。两种胆碱来源水平的增加减少了腿部偏差，改善了肝脏发红（a*）。对比HC与CC的回归斜率，在1 ~ 28 d和1 ~ 34 d期间，BWG的生物等效度分别为3.34和2.43，FCR的生物等效度分别为2.88和2.30。因此，BWG和FCR的生物等效值范围为1单位HC ~ 2.23 ~ 3.34单位CC。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in poultry nutrition book review edited by Todd J. Applegate 家禽营养书评进展，Todd J. Applegate编辑

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100595

V.E. Ayres

引用次数: 0

Virulence profiling, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of enterococci associated with poultry and livestock feeds 与家禽和牲畜饲料相关的肠球菌的毒力分析、生物膜形成和抗菌素耐药性模式

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100590

Samia Salam , Naeem Ahammed Ibrahim Fahim , Md. Nahid Ashraf , Rony Ibne Masud , Rownak Jahan , Md. Tabeer Hossain Antor , Md. Abdullah Evna Hasan , Zuhayr Bakhtiyar , Dilruba Akter Jany , Md. Liton Rana , Md. Shafiqul Islam , Md. Tanvir Rahman

Enterococcus spp. represents an important zoonotic opportunistic pathogen. Poultry and livestock feeds could be a source of Enterococci. This study aimed to isolate and identify E. faecalis and E. faecium from poultry and livestock feed samples, determine their antibiotic resistance pattern, and detect their virulence gene, resistance gene, and biofilm formation ability. Among the 84 commerciall mill origin feed samples collected, 82 were PCR screened, of which 19 were positive for E. faecalis and 32 for E. faecium. The antibiogram results revealed that E. faecalis exhibited the highest resistance to Ampicillin in both poultry and livestock feed samples. In poultry feed, this was followed by resistance to Rifampin and Erythromycin, while in livestock feed, additional resistance was observed to Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol. Similarly, E. faecium showed a highresistance to Ampicillin across both sample types. In poultry feed, this was followed by resistance to Erythromycin, Rifampin, and Vancomycin, whereas in livestock feed, it was followed by Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and other antibiotics. Most isolates were positive for multiple virulent genes e.g., agg, pil, fsrB, and fsrC genes. Genotypic analysis revealed the presence of the blaTEM gene in the majority of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates from both poultry and livestock feed, with slightly higher detection rates in E. faecalis. In the biofilm assay, both E. faecalis and E. faecium demonstrated strong biofilm-forming ability. Current findings reveal that biofilm-forming antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium are present in poultry and livestock feed, which could have implications for public health.

肠球菌是一种重要的人畜共患条件致病菌。家禽和牲畜饲料可能是肠球菌的来源。本研究旨在从畜禽饲料样品中分离鉴定粪肠杆菌和粪肠杆菌，确定它们的抗生素耐药模式，检测它们的毒力基因、耐药基因和生物膜形成能力。对84份商品饲料进行PCR筛选，其中粪肠杆菌阳性19份，粪肠杆菌阳性32份。抗生素谱结果显示，在家禽和牲畜饲料样品中，粪肠杆菌对氨苄西林的耐药性最高。在家禽饲料中，随后出现了对利福平和红霉素的耐药性，而在牲畜饲料中，又观察到对环丙沙星和氯霉素的耐药性。同样，在两种样品类型中，屎肠杆菌都对氨苄西林表现出高度耐药性。在家禽饲料中，紧随其后的是对红霉素、利福平和万古霉素的耐药，而在牲畜饲料中，紧随其后的是红霉素、四环素和其他抗生素。多数分离株的agg、pil、fsrB、fsrC等多个毒力基因阳性。基因型分析显示，大多数粪肠杆菌和从家禽和牲畜饲料分离的粪肠杆菌中均存在blaTEM基因，其中粪肠杆菌的检出率略高。在生物膜试验中，粪肠杆菌和粪肠杆菌均表现出较强的生物膜形成能力。目前的研究结果表明，形成生物膜的耐药粪肠杆菌和粪肠杆菌存在于家禽和牲畜饲料中，这可能对公共卫生产生影响。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing soybean processing add-backs in soybean meal via a dietary broiler performance test 通过饲粮肉鸡生产性能试验评估豆粕中大豆加工添加量

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100596

S.C. Wells , K.N. Gaffield , R.D. Goodband , C.A. Umberson , E.S. Greene , K.B. Nelson , M.T. Kidd

This experiment assessed the feeding value of soybean meal with the inclusion of soybean crush plant “add-backs” ingredients (i.e. gums and soapstocks) in Cobb MX x 500 male broilers from 0 to 45 d of age. Five corn and soy-based diets were formulated with soybean meal containing various levels of soybean gums and soapstocks inclusions or the addition of an inert filler. Diet 1 contained soybean meal with no add-backs whereas diets 2 through 5 contained either 4 % gums, 4 % soapstocks, 2 % gums and 2 % soapstocks, or 4 % inert filler, respectively. Diets were fed to 1,200 male broilers across 10 replicate treatment pens of 24 birds in a randomized complete block design. Birds were weighed at d 0, 14, 28, and 45 and live performance was assessed from the 0 to 45 d period. After each weigh period, one bird per pen was selected for body composition analysis using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Additionally at d 45, one bird per pen was selected for assessment of gut integrity. Six birds per pen were evaluated for carcass characteristics at d 45. Diet 1 had significantly higher FCR from 0 to 45 d than treatments 2 through 5. No significant responses were observed for most live performance measurements, carcass yields, gut integrity, or woody breast measurements. In conclusion, soybean gums and soapstocks added back to soybean meal can be fed to broilers without loss in performance.

本试验评估了在0 ~ 45日龄Cobb MX x 500雄性肉鸡中添加大豆压榨植物“添加剂”成分（即树胶和皂粕）的豆粕的饲用价值。用豆粕配制了5种以玉米和大豆为基础的饲粮，其中豆粕含有不同水平的大豆胶和皂粕夹杂物或添加惰性填料。饲粮1含有豆粕，不添加添加剂，而饲粮2至5分别含有4%树胶、4%皂粕、2%树胶和2%皂粕或4%惰性填料。采用完全随机区组设计，在24只鸡的10个重复处理栏中对1200只雄性肉鸡饲喂饲粮。分别于第0、14、28和45 d称重，并在第0 ~ 45 d期间评价活产性能。每个称重期结束后，每栏选取一只雏鸟，采用双x射线吸收仪进行体成分分析。此外，在第45天，每栏选择一只鸟进行肠道完整性评估。45 d时，对每栏6只鸡的胴体性状进行评价。饲料1 0 ~ 45 d的饲料转化率显著高于处理2 ~ 5。在大多数活产性能测量、胴体产量、肠道完整性或木质乳房测量中均未观察到显著的反应。综上所述，在豆粕中添加大豆胶和皂粕可在不影响肉鸡生产性能的情况下饲喂肉鸡。

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