Journal of Applied Poultry Research最新文献_第5页

Effect of chicken breast meat proportions on emulsion stability, textural properties and sensory attributes of spent laying duck sausages 鸡胸肉比例对产蛋废鸭肠乳状液稳定性、质地和感官特性的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100618

Pitchaporn Ungkusonmongkol , Fa-Jui Tan , Chonlathee Kaewkot , Saowakon Wattanachant

The objective of this study was to determine the optimal ratio of chicken breast meat (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %) incorporated into spent laying duck meat sausages to enhance emulsion stability, texture, overall quality, and sensory attributes of the cooked products. Five sausage formulations were evaluated: a control group made entirely from spent laying duck meat (CON) and four groups containing 25 % (CB25), 50 % (CB50), 75 % (CB75), and 100 % (CB100) chicken breast meat. The moisture contents of CB25, CB50, and CB75 were higher than those of CON and CB100, likely due to their superior cooking yields (P < 0.05). CB50 and CB75 demonstrated higher emulsion stability compared to other groups. Weight loss during cooking was significantly lower in CB50, CB75, and CB100 compared to CON and CB25 (P < 0.05), reflecting improved water holding capacity. Microstructure analysis revealed a more homogeneous structure with fewer and smaller voids in CB50, CB75, and CB100, which correlated with enhanced water holding capacity, gel strength, and hardness relative to CON and CB25. Sensory evaluation indicated that CB50, CB75, and CB100 received higher overall liking scores than CON and CB25 (P < 0.05). The higher proportions of chicken breast in CB75 and CB100 resulted in brighter color, which slightly reduced color scores, although differences were not significant (P ≥ 0.05). The findings suggest that a 50:50 ratio of chicken breast to spent laying duck meat (CB50) improves sausage quality without compromising consumer liking. This ratio also offers a cost-effective approach for utilizing spent laying duck meat.

本研究的目的是确定鸡胸肉的最佳比例（0%,25%,50%，75%和100%）加入废产鸭肉香肠，以提高熟产品的乳化稳定性，质地，整体质量和感官属性。试验评估了5种香肠配方：完全由产蛋废鸭肉（CON）制成的对照组和含有25% （CB25）、50% （CB50）、75% （CB75）和100% （CB100）鸡胸肉的4组。CB25、CB50和CB75的水分含量高于CON和CB100，这可能是由于CB25、CB50和CB75的蒸煮产量更高（P < 0.05）。CB50和CB75表现出较高的乳状稳定性。与CON和CB25相比，CB50、CB75和CB100在烹饪过程中的体重损失显著降低（P < 0.05），这反映了保水能力的提高。微观结构分析表明，CB50、CB75和CB100的结构更加均匀，孔隙更少、更小，相对于CON和CB25， CB50、CB75和CB100的持水能力、凝胶强度和硬度都有所提高。感官评价显示，CB50、CB75和CB100的总体喜欢得分高于CON和CB25 （P < 0.05）。CB75和CB100添加比例越高，鸡胸肉颜色越鲜艳，颜色评分略有降低，但差异不显著（P≥0.05）。研究结果表明，以50:50的比例添加鸡胸肉和产蛋鸭肉（CB50）可以在不影响消费者喜好的情况下提高香肠质量。这一比例也为利用废产蛋鸭肉提供了一种经济有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

The prevalence of infectious bursal disease in chickens in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis 埃塞俄比亚鸡传染性法氏囊病的流行：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100617

Abebe Tibebu , Adane Bahiru , Teklu Yitbarek , Yechale Teshome , Habtamu Tamrat , Yeshwas Ferede Alemu , Ayalew Assefa , Sefinew Alemu Mekonnen

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a contagious viral disease in young chickens that weakens immunity and causes significant economic losses. This review provides an update on IBD prevalence in Ethiopian chickens from 2000 to 2023. The review follows PRISMA guidelines and uses a random-effects model with the DerSimonian-Laird method. Of 245 retrieved studies, 22 studies (31 independent reports) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled IBD prevalence was 67% (95% CI 56–75%; I² = 98.8%). Regionally, prevalence ranged from 85% in Addis Ababa (95% CI 81–89%) to 56% in southern NNP (95% CI 29–80%). Similarly, pooled prevalence was higher in serological studies (71%; 95% CI 60–80%) than in molecular (54%; 95% CI 20–85%) or postmortem studies (31%; 95% CI 29–33%). Pooled prevalence was also higher in exotic chickens (65%; 95% CI 50–77%) than in indigenous chickens (61%; 95% CI 46–74%) and higher in adults (70%; 95% CI 60–78%) than in younger birds (65%; 95% CI 51–76%). Female chickens had a higher pooled prevalence (68%; 95% CI 55–79%) than males (62%; 95% CI 48–74%). Both classical virulent (cvIBDV) and very virulent (vvIBDV) serotype I genotypes have been identified in Ethiopia. The review underscores the urgent need for ongoing surveillance and national interventions to reduce IBD prevalence, which threatens poultry production and reproductive performance.

传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是雏鸡的一种传染性病毒性疾病，它会削弱鸡的免疫力并造成重大的经济损失。本综述提供了2000年至2023年埃塞俄比亚鸡中IBD流行情况的最新情况。该综述遵循PRISMA指南，并使用随机效应模型和dersimonan - laird方法。在检索到的245项研究中，有22项研究（31份独立报告）被纳入系统评价和荟萃分析。合并IBD患病率为67% （95% CI 56-75%; I²= 98.8%）。从地区来看，亚的斯亚贝巴的患病率为85% (95% CI 81-89%)， NNP南部的患病率为56% （95% CI 29-80%）。同样，血清学研究的总患病率（71%,95% CI 60-80%）高于分子研究（54%,95% CI 20-85%）或死后研究（31%,95% CI 29-33%）。外来鸡的总患病率（65%,95% CI 50-77%）也高于本地鸡（61%,95% CI 46-74%），成年鸡（70%,95% CI 60-78%）高于雏鸡（65%,95% CI 51-76%）。母鸡的总患病率（68%;95% CI 55-79%）高于雄性（62%;95% CI 48-74%）。在埃塞俄比亚已经发现了经典毒力（cvIBDV）和非常毒力（vvIBDV）血清I型基因型。审查强调迫切需要持续监测和国家干预措施，以减少威胁家禽生产和繁殖性能的IBD患病率。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of biochar application methods on ammonia (NH₃) volatilization from used broiler litter 生物炭施用方式对废肉鸡粪氨（NH₃）挥发的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100614

John E. Linhoss , Jordan D. Gruber , Janet C. Remus , Sushil Adhikari , Jeremiah D. Davis , Joseph L. Purswell

Elevated ammonia (NH₃) emissions from litter are a concern in modern broiler production and can negatively influence performance and welfare. While commercially available litter amendments are commonly used to mitigate ammonia emissions, their effectiveness is often short-lived, prompting interest in more sustainable alternatives such as biochar. The objective of this project was to investigate the effects of different biochar application treatments (surface-applied vs mixed) on NH₃ volatilizations from used broiler litter. Biochar was surface-applied to litter at rates of 0.48, 0.97, 1.46, and 1.95 kg/m² and mixed in at rates of 7.5, 15.0, 22.5, and 30.0 % v/v. Poultry Litter Treatment® (PLT) was surface-applied at a rate of 0.73 kg/m² and a control of non-amended litter was also included. Treatments were replicated three times using a total of thirty 13.2 L plastic vessels. A constant air flow of 1.5 LPM was supplied to each vessel and either exhausted to the atmosphere or a photoacoustic NH₃ gas analyzer. NH₃ was measured in each vessel nine times daily during a 12 d study. Mixing biochar into the litter provided enhanced contact with litter profile and led to significantly lower overall NH₃ concentrations than the surface-applied treatment (126 ppm vs 146.6 ppm, respectively). The 22.5 and 30 % v/v mixed applications resulted in the lowest NH₃ concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) for the biochar treatments. However, NH₃ concentrations from all the biochar application treatments were significantly higher than PLT (65.0 ppm). This study shows that mixing biochar into broiler litter can reduce NH₃ volatilization. However, it does not seem to be competitive with PLT in terms of NH₃ reductions alone.

在现代肉鸡生产中，粪便中氨（NH₃）的排放量升高是一个令人担忧的问题，它会对肉鸡的生产性能和福利产生负面影响。虽然商业上可获得的凋落物改良剂通常用于减少氨排放，但其有效性往往是短暂的，这促使人们对生物炭等更可持续的替代品产生了兴趣。这个项目的目的是研究不同的生物炭施用处理（表面施用和混合施用）对用过的肉鸡粪中NH₃挥发的影响。在凋落物表面施用生物炭的速率分别为0.48、0.97、1.46和1.95 kg/m2，混合速率分别为7.5%、15.0%、22.5和30.0% v/v。禽窝处理®（PLT）以0.73 kg/m2的速度表面施用，同时还包括未处理的窝窝对照。使用总共30个13.2 L的塑料容器重复了三次处理。向每个容器提供1.5 LPM的恒定气流，然后将其排放到大气或光声NH₃气体分析仪中。在12天的研究中，每天在每个血管中测量9次NH3。将生物炭混合到凋落物中可以增强与凋落物的接触，并且比表面处理显著降低NH₃的总体浓度（分别为126 ppm和146.6 ppm）。22.5和30% v/v混合施用时，生物炭处理的NH3浓度最低（P≤0.05）。然而，所有生物炭施用处理的NH₃浓度都显著高于PLT （65.0 ppm）。该研究表明，在肉鸡粪中加入生物炭可以减少NH₃的挥发。然而，仅就NH₃的减少量而言，它似乎与PLT没有竞争力。

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引用次数: 0

Antimicrobial and prebiotic effects of Telfairia occidentalis leaf extract on cecal bacteria in Cobb 500 broiler chickens 西铃兰叶提取物对Cobb 500肉鸡盲肠细菌的抑菌和益生元作用

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100615

Koffi Gilbert Lakpo , Claude Cocou Kpomasse , Oumbortine N’nanle , Kossi Metowogo , Kokou Tona

With the rising concern over antibiotic resistance, the search for natural alternatives to enhance poultry intestinal health has intensified. Telfairia occidentalis leaves, known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, could serve as a promising prebiotic in poultry feed. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial and prebiotic effects of Telfairia occidentalis leaf extract on cecal microbiota in broilers chickens. A total of 600 Cobb 500 chicks were divided into four groups: a control (C) receiving the basal diet, an antibiotic group receiving 0.5 g/L of Tetracolivit (T), and two groups receiving either 1 mL (TOE-1) or 2 mL (TOE-2) of hydroethanolic Telfairia occidentalis leaf extract. The phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the extract were evaluated, bacterial populations were quantified on days 21 and 49, and intestinal pH was measured. The results show that the leaves of Telfairia occidentalis contain moderate levels of total polyphenols (173.7 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g DM), flavonoids (139.62 ± 0.06 mg QE/g DM) and a high concentration in condensed tannins (224.5 ± 0.03 CE/g DM). The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity and bactericidal effects against various microorganisms. By day 21, groups supplemented with Telfairia occidentalis significantly reduced Escherichia coli, total coliforms, enterobacteria, streptococci, staphylococci, and salmonella populations, while increasing Lactobacillus levels (p < 0.05). By day 49, total coliforms, E. coli, enterobacteria, staphylococci, and salmonella levels remained affected (p < 0.05), while streptococci levels did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) in the groups supplemented with Telfairia occidentalis leaves extract. Clostridium perfringens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations were absent throughout the experimental period. Intestinal pH decreased (4.59 ± 0.01) in TOE-2 (p < 0.05) compared to the control group (5.58 ± 0.02), fostering beneficial bacterial growth.

Oral administration of Telfairia occidentalis leaf extract effectively modulates cecal microbiota, enhances intestinal health, and supports broiler growth, presenting a viable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in poultry production.

随着对抗生素耐药性的日益关注，寻找天然替代品以增强家禽肠道健康的工作已经加强。西花蓟叶具有抗氧化和抗菌的特性，可以作为家禽饲料中很有前途的益生元。本试验旨在研究西铃兰叶提取物对肉鸡盲肠菌群的抑菌作用和益生元作用。试验将600只Cobb - 500雏鸡分为4组：对照组(C)饲喂基础饲粮，抗生素组(T)饲喂0.5 g/L的四氯化碳(T)，两组分别饲喂1 mL （TOE-1）或2 mL （TOE-2）的水乙醇西花蓟叶提取物。研究了提取物的植物化学和抗氧化性能，测定了第21天和第49天的细菌数量，并测定了肠道pH值。结果表明，西药叶中含有中等含量的总多酚（173.7±0.05 mg GAE/g DM）、总黄酮（139.62±0.06 mg QE/g DM）和高浓度的浓缩单宁（224.5±0.03 CE/g DM）。提取物对多种微生物具有较强的抗氧化活性和杀菌作用。在第21天，添加西铃兰显著降低了大肠杆菌、总大肠菌群、肠杆菌、链球菌、葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的数量，提高了乳酸菌的水平（p < 0.05）。到第49天，添加西铃兰叶提取物组的总大肠菌群、大肠杆菌、肠杆菌、葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌水平仍受影响（p < 0.05），而链球菌水平无显著变化（p < 0.05）。产气荚膜梭菌和铜绿假单胞菌在整个试验期间均未出现。与对照组（5.58±0.02）相比，TOE-2组肠道pH降低（4.59±0.01）（p < 0.05），促进有益菌生长。口服西芹叶提取物可有效调节盲肠菌群，促进肠道健康，促进肉鸡生长，是家禽生产中抗生素生长促进剂的可行替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Biosecurity practices in ducks and geese production systems in Bangladesh 孟加拉国鸭和鹅生产系统的生物安全实践

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100613

Sirajul Islam Sagor , Sumon Ghosh , Saima Akter , Sajal Kanti Biswas , Suman Das Gupta , Faisol Talukdar , Nurun Nahar Chisty , Tushar Kumar Das , Ajit Kumar Karna , M. Salim Uzzaman , Sukanta Chowdhury

Ducks and geese farming play a vital role in supporting rural livelihoods and food security in Bangladesh, yet these farms remain highly vulnerable to infectious diseases due to poor biosecurity practices. This study assessed farm-level biosecurity practices and calculated biosecurity scores in 147 ducks and geese farms across eight subdistricts from June to December 2021. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a scoring framework, where each practice was assigned a score of 0 (absent), 1 (below standard), or 2 (standard). Biosecurity level was categorized as “poor” and “good” based on their score (< 50 = poor and ≥ 50 = good). The overall mean biosecurity score across all farms was 42 out of 100. Among the 147 farms assessed, 116 (79%) exhibited poor biosecurity. External biosecurity scored lower (mean = 38) than internal biosecurity (mean = 46). Poor biosecurity score was observed in vehicle disinfection (mean = 6), farm location and infrastructure (mean = 27), wildlife interaction (mean = 41), cleaning and disinfection (mean = 37), waste disposal and sick bird management (mean = 41), and personnel hygiene (mean = 43). Observational data revealed 99% of farms lacked foot baths and high interaction with wild birds (67%). The study identified critical biosecurity gaps in ducks and geese production systems in Bangladesh for the first time. Reducing disease transmission risks requires strengthening biosecurity practices through regular cleaning and disinfection, proper waste disposal, minimizing contacts between farm and wildlife, and improving farm infrastructure. The government should develop a comprehensive biosecurity guideline tailored to ducks and geese production systems and encourage farmers to adopt good farming practices by providing training, certification, and financial incentives.

在孟加拉国，鸭和鹅养殖在支持农村生计和粮食安全方面发挥着至关重要的作用，但由于生物安全措施不佳，这些农场仍然极易受到传染病的侵害。本研究评估了农场层面的生物安全做法，并计算了2021年6月至12月8个街道147个鸭鹅养殖场的生物安全评分。使用评分框架进行横断面调查，其中每个实践被分配得分0（缺席），1（低于标准）或2（标准）。生物安全水平根据得分分为“差”和“好”两类（50 =差，≥50 =好）。所有农场的总体平均生物安全得分为42分（满分100分）。在评估的147个农场中，116个（79%）表现出较差的生物安全性。外部生物安全得分（平均38分）低于内部生物安全得分（平均46分）。在车辆消毒（平均= 6）、农场位置和基础设施（平均= 27）、野生动物互动（平均= 41）、清洁和消毒（平均= 37）、废物处理和病禽管理（平均= 41）以及人员卫生（平均= 43）方面，生物安全得分较低。观测数据显示，99%的农场缺乏足浴，与野生鸟类的高度互动（67%）。该研究首次确定了孟加拉国鸭和鹅生产系统的关键生物安全缺口。减少疾病传播风险需要通过定期清洁和消毒、妥善处理废物、尽量减少农场与野生动物之间的接触以及改善农场基础设施来加强生物安全措施。政府应该制定适合鸭和鹅生产系统的综合生物安全指南，并通过提供培训、认证和财政奖励来鼓励农民采用良好的养殖方式。

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引用次数: 0

A conventional hatchery vs. “on-farm” hatching of ducks in terms of microclimatic conditions and hatchability parameters - preliminary research 在小气候条件和孵化率参数方面，传统孵化场与“农场”鸭子孵化的初步研究

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100612

Magdalena TRELA , Aleksandra JANUSZEWSKA , Dominik KAWECKI , Kamil KUSTRA , Marcin W. LIS

The hatching period is critical in the technology of artificial incubation of poultry. In mass production of chicks, hatching stress is increased by additional stressors that do not occur in natural conditions. The stress caused by the egg leaving by the chick is intensified by the hatcher's poor environment and the provision of access to feed and water. The study compared the conventional hatching method with the on-farm system in broiler duck production. The on-farm method is gaining popularity as an alternative in broiler chicken farming; however, on-farm hatching has not yet been applied in broiler duck production. This study aims to examine the feasibility of implementing on-farm hatching for Pekin ducks by analysing environmental conditions, hatch window and hatchability. The temperature and relative humidity in the duckling house were (mean ± SD) 36.5 ± 2.25°C and RH 12 ± 0.1 %, respectively, while in the hatcher, the average temperature was 36.6 ± 0.14°C, and RH was 61 % ± 2.5 %. The hatchability in the conventional and on-farm systems is 90.6 and 88.1 %, respectively (P < 0.05). There were observed differences in the hatch window between individual pens, which had been caused by thermal conditions (the litter surface temperature). In summary, the hatchability of eggs in the "on-farm" system was lower than in the conventional system. However, it is possible to conduct the hatching of duck broilers in the "on-farm" system, provided that appropriate microclimatic conditions and litter microbiological status are ensured.

在家禽人工孵化技术中，孵化期是关键。在雏鸡的大规模生产中，在自然条件下不会发生的额外压力增加了孵化压力。孵蛋者的恶劣环境和饲料和水的供应加剧了雏鸟离开蛋所造成的压力。本研究比较了肉鸭生产中传统孵化方式与农场孵化方式的差异。农场方法作为肉鸡养殖的一种替代方法越来越受欢迎；然而，农场孵化尚未应用于肉鸭生产。本研究旨在通过对环境条件、孵化窗和孵化率的分析，探讨北京野鸭在养殖场进行孵化的可行性。鸭舍内温度（平均±SD）为36.5±2.25℃，相对湿度（RH）为12±0.1%，孵化池内温度（平均）为36.6±0.14℃，相对湿度（RH）为61%±2.5%。常规系统和农场系统的孵化率分别为90.6%和88.1% （P < 0.05）。不同栏间的孵化窗存在差异，这是由热条件（凋落物表面温度）引起的。综上所述，在“农场”系统中，鸡蛋的孵化率低于传统系统。然而，只要保证适当的小气候条件和产仔微生物状况，就可以在“农场”系统中进行肉鸡的孵化。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Bacillus-based direct fed microbials on the performance and eggshell quality of first cycle laying hens from 55 to 75 weeks of age 芽孢杆菌直接投喂微生物对55 ~ 75周龄第一周期蛋鸡生产性能和蛋壳品质的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100610

A.M. Lyons , B.P. Dirks , H. Leyva-Jimenez , M.E. Persia

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of various direct fed microbials (DFM) on 55-75 wk old laying hens on hen performance, egg quality, and hen abdominal fat pad weights. A total of 144 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were fed experimental diets with no DFM (NC), Novela® ECL (ECL), Novela® (NOV), or Amnil® (AMN). No differences in hen day egg production were noted, but the inclusion of ECL resulted in the highest egg weight (EW), followed by AMN then NOV and the NC as the lowest (P ≤ 0.01). The increased EW of the ECL and AMN treated birds increased egg mass (P ≤ 0.01) and resulted in a 7- and 9-point improvement in FCR, respectively (P ≤ 0.01). Both the ECL and AMN increased egg production energy compared to the NC and NOV treated hens (P ≤ 0.05). Body weights increased in birds fed NOV (P ≤ 0.01), in comparison to the other treatments and the NC. Hens fed NOV resulted in a 26 % increase in abdominal fat pad weight compared to the NC and other treatments (P = 0.01). All DFM treatments were able to alter energy use as ECL and AMN improved FCR and increased egg production energy while NOV increased energy storage within the body.

本试验旨在研究55 ~ 75周龄蛋鸡饲粮中直接饲喂不同微生物制剂（DFM）对母鸡生产性能、蛋品质和腹部脂肪垫重的影响。试验选用144只海兰W-36蛋鸡，分别饲喂不添加DFM （NC）、Novela®ECL （ECL）、Novela®（NOV）和Amnil®（AMN）的试验饲粮。蛋鸡日产蛋量无显著差异，但添加ECL的蛋重（EW）最高，AMN次之，NOV和NC最低（P≤0.01）。ECL和AMN处理的蛋鸡EW增加，蛋蛋质量增加（P≤0.01），FCR分别提高7个和9个点（P≤0.01）。与NC和NOV处理相比，ECL和AMN均提高了母鸡的产蛋能（P≤0.05）。与其他处理和NC相比，NOV饲粮的体重显著增加（P≤0.01）。饲喂NOV的蛋鸡腹部脂肪垫重比饲喂NC和其他处理增加26% （P = 0.01）。所有DFM处理都能改变能量利用，ECL和AMN提高了FCR，增加了产蛋能量，而NOV增加了体内能量储存。

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引用次数: 0

Applied research note: exploring the relationship between first-week mortality and performance after the first week in broiler chickens 应用研究注：探讨肉鸡第一周死亡率与第一周后生产性能的关系

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100611

Yara Slegers , Mieke Matthijs , Arjan Stegeman , Miel Hostens , Sjaak de Wit

First-week mortality (FWM) is considered an important indicator of chick quality in broiler production, but its association with later performance is understudied. Data from 1,142 production cycles across 175 farms belonging to an Italian integrator were analyzed to identify links between management factors at the broiler farm and FWM, and explore the association between FWM and mortality after week 1, daily gain, and FCR. Median FWM was 0.95 % and median total mortality was 3.42 %. Factors associated with FWM were year and sex. For each 1 % increase in FWM, mortality after the first week increased by a factor 1.08 (95 % CI: 1.03 – 1.13, p = 0.002), adjusted for year and sex. However, FWM was not associated with daily gain or FCR. These results suggest that early mortality reflects vulnerabilities that persist throughout the production cycle, increasing later mortality without compromising growth performance. Variance in FWM was largely attributable to within-farm variance. Future research could explore how day-old chick quality contributes to both early and late mortality in broilers.

首周死亡率（FWM）被认为是肉鸡生产中小鸡质量的重要指标，但其与后期生产性能的关系尚未得到充分研究。本研究分析了意大利一家集成商的175个养殖场的1142个生产周期数据，以确定肉鸡养殖场管理因素与FWM之间的联系，并探讨FWM与第1周后死亡率、日增重和FCR之间的关系。中位病死率为0.95%，中位总死亡率为3.42%。与FWM相关的因素有年份和性别。经年份和性别调整后，FWM每增加1%，第一周后的死亡率增加1.08倍（95% CI: 1.03 - 1.13, p = 0.002）。然而，FWM与日增重或FCR无关。这些结果表明，早期死亡率反映了在整个生产周期中持续存在的脆弱性，在不影响生长性能的情况下增加了后期死亡率。FWM的方差主要归因于农场内方差。未来的研究将探讨日龄雏鸡质量对肉鸡早期和晚期死亡率的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Circadian rhythm of locomotor activity and body temperature in free-range laying hens as measured by triaxial accelerometers and subcutaneous biologgers 用三轴加速度计和皮下生物学仪测量散养蛋鸡运动活动和体温的昼夜节律

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100607

José A. Abecia , Francisco Canto , Javier Plaza , Jaime Nieto , Carlos Palacios

Biosensors are essential tools for monitoring temperature in poultry because they provide real-time data that can enhance animal welfare and productivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of triaxial accelerometers and subcutaneous biologgers to monitor of locomotor activity (LA) and body temperature (BT) in free-range laying hens, to explore their potential for assessing circadian patterns relevant to welfare monitoring. Five hens were fitted with a harness that carried an accelerometer to record LA for 6 d. In addition, hens received a surgically implanted biologger to record BT every 15 min. Animals were housed indoors that had an artificial photoperiod (16L:8D) and an adjacent outdoor pen. Hen BT decreased between 1900 h and 2300 h, and was lowest 30 min before lights turned off at 2330 h. From that moment, BT increased throughout the night and until 0900 h in the morning; after which, it remained stable until the evening. Animals remained practically motionless during darkness, and began moving immediately after lights turned on. BT and LA exhibited a 24-h circadian rhythm. There was a significant correlation between BT and LA (P < 0.01), but BT was not correlated with ambient T. LA was correlated with indoor and outdoor ambient T (P < 0.01). In conclusion, free-range laying hens exhibited clear circadian rhythms in LA and BT, which were synchronized with the light-dark cycle. Ambient T influenced LA, which was correlated with BT. Those findings can contribute to the optimization of management practices that are intended to maximize welfare and productivity.

生物传感器是监测家禽体温的重要工具，因为它们提供的实时数据可以提高动物福利和生产力。本研究的目的是评估使用三轴加速度计和皮下生物学家来监测自由放养蛋鸡的运动活动（LA）和体温（BT），以探索它们在评估与福利监测相关的昼夜节律模式方面的潜力。5只母鸡被安装了一个带加速度计的线束，连续6天记录LA。此外，母鸡每15分钟接受一次手术植入的生物学家记录BT。动物被安置在室内，有一个人工光周期（16L:8D）和一个相邻的室外围栏。随后，BT在1900 ~ 2300 h之间下降，在2330 h熄灯前30 min达到最低。此后，BT在整个夜间增加，直到早上0900 h；此后，它一直保持稳定，直到晚上。动物在黑暗中几乎一动不动，灯亮后立即开始活动。BT和LA呈24小时昼夜节律。BT与LA呈极显著相关（P < 0.01），而BT与环境T不相关（P < 0.01）， LA与室内和室外环境T相关（P < 0.01）。综上所述，散养蛋鸡在LA和BT中表现出明显的昼夜节律，且昼夜节律与光暗周期同步。环境T影响LA，而LA与BT相关。这些发现有助于优化旨在最大化福利和生产力的管理实践。

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引用次数: 0

Roles of limestone particle size ratios and phytase levels to support single-cycled laying hens (60-80 weeks of age) with a focus on production and performance 石灰石粒度比和植酸酶水平对单周期蛋鸡（60-80周龄）生产性能的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100606

C.A. Waters , M.A. Elliot , M. Bedford , C. Wyatt , W.K. Kim , Milan K. Sharma , K.G.S. Wamsley , P.A. Adhikari

This study evaluated the role of fine (F) and coarse (C) limestone ratios and exogenous phytase at standard and high levels on performance, egg and bone quality, and inositol levels in single-cycle Hy-Line W-36 hens (60-to-80 weeks of age). A total of 420 hens were randomly assigned into 7 experimental diets in a 2 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement with 20 replicates of 3 hens per treatment. Factorial treatments consisted of two limestone ratios (40F:60C and 15F:85C) and three Escherichia coli-derived phytase levels (0, 400, and 1500 FTU/kg). The positive control (PC) was an industry standard that consisted of a 40F:60C limestone ratio without phytase and had 4.4 % calcium (Ca) and 0.44 % available phosphorus (avP). A common negative control (NC) diet was created by reducing 0.19 % Ca and 0.17 % avP of the PC. An increase in hen-day egg production (HDEP) was observed with 0 FTU/kg and 40F:60C compared to 15F:85C and a phytase addition dose-dependently increased HDEP for 15F:85C but reduced it for the 40F:60C. Eggshell breaking strength (EBS) increased in 40F:60C with 1500 FTU/kg and 15F:85C with 0 FTU/kg treatments. Additionally, 15F:85C produced more unsaleable eggs compared to 40F:60C. Phytase levels of 400 FTU/kg had a lower gizzard pH and a higher gizzard inositol concentration compared to 0 FTU/kg. This study revealed that 40F:60C with 1500 FTU/kg had benefits on EBS and 15F:85C with 0 FTU/kg caused a decrease in HDEP. Independent of phytase, the group fed 40F:60C limestone particle size produced more saleable eggs.

本研究评估了细(F)和粗(C)石灰石比例以及标准和高水平外源植酸酶对海兰W-36母鸡（60- 80周龄）生产性能、蛋和骨质量以及肌醇水平的影响。试验选用420只蛋鸡，按2 × 3 + 1因子设计，随机分为7种试验饲粮，每处理20个重复，每个重复3只鸡。析因处理包括两种石灰石比例（40F:60C和15F:85C）和三种大肠杆菌衍生的植酸酶水平（0,400和1500 FTU/kg）。阳性对照（PC）为工业标准，由40F:60C石灰石比例组成，不含植酸酶，钙（Ca）含量为4.4%，有效磷（avP）含量为0.44%。通过降低PC的0.19% Ca和0.17% avP，形成普通阴性对照（NC）日粮。与15F:85℃相比，在0 FTU/kg和40F:60℃条件下，母鸡日产蛋量（HDEP）有所增加；在15F:85℃条件下，植酸酶的添加量呈剂量依赖性地增加了HDEP，而在40F:60℃条件下则降低了HDEP。在40F:60C、1500 FTU/kg和15F:85C、0 FTU/kg处理下，蛋壳破断强度（EBS）有所提高。此外，与40华氏度60摄氏度相比，15华氏度85摄氏度会产生更多无法出售的卵子。植酸酶水平为400 FTU/kg时，与0 FTU/kg相比，砂囊pH值较低，砂囊肌醇浓度较高。本研究发现，40F:60C、1500 FTU/kg对EBS有好处，15F:85C、0 FTU/kg对HDEP有降低作用。在不使用植酸酶的情况下，饲喂40华氏度：60华氏度石灰石颗粒的那一组鸡蛋的适销性更高。

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引用次数: 0