Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100595
V.E. Ayres
{"title":"Advances in poultry nutrition book review edited by Todd J. Applegate","authors":"V.E. Ayres","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This experiment assessed the feeding value of soybean meal with the inclusion of soybean crush plant “add-backs” ingredients (i.e. gums and soapstocks) in Cobb MX x 500 male broilers from 0 to 45 d of age. Five corn and soy-based diets were formulated with soybean meal containing various levels of soybean gums and soapstocks inclusions or the addition of an inert filler. Diet 1 contained soybean meal with no add-backs whereas diets 2 through 5 contained either 4 % gums, 4 % soapstocks, 2 % gums and 2 % soapstocks, or 4 % inert filler, respectively. Diets were fed to 1,200 male broilers across 10 replicate treatment pens of 24 birds in a randomized complete block design. Birds were weighed at d 0, 14, 28, and 45 and live performance was assessed from the 0 to 45 d period. After each weigh period, one bird per pen was selected for body composition analysis using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Additionally at d 45, one bird per pen was selected for assessment of gut integrity. Six birds per pen were evaluated for carcass characteristics at d 45. Diet 1 had significantly higher FCR from 0 to 45 d than treatments 2 through 5. No significant responses were observed for most live performance measurements, carcass yields, gut integrity, or woody breast measurements. In conclusion, soybean gums and soapstocks added back to soybean meal can be fed to broilers without loss in performance.
{"title":"Assessing soybean processing add-backs in soybean meal via a dietary broiler performance test","authors":"S.C. Wells , K.N. Gaffield , R.D. Goodband , C.A. Umberson , E.S. Greene , K.B. Nelson , M.T. Kidd","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experiment assessed the feeding value of soybean meal with the inclusion of soybean crush plant “add-backs” ingredients (i.e. gums and soapstocks) in Cobb MX x 500 male broilers from 0 to 45 d of age. Five corn and soy-based diets were formulated with soybean meal containing various levels of soybean gums and soapstocks inclusions or the addition of an inert filler. Diet 1 contained soybean meal with no add-backs whereas diets 2 through 5 contained either 4 % gums, 4 % soapstocks, 2 % gums and 2 % soapstocks, or 4 % inert filler, respectively. Diets were fed to 1,200 male broilers across 10 replicate treatment pens of 24 birds in a randomized complete block design. Birds were weighed at d 0, 14, 28, and 45 and live performance was assessed from the 0 to 45 d period. After each weigh period, one bird per pen was selected for body composition analysis using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Additionally at d 45, one bird per pen was selected for assessment of gut integrity. Six birds per pen were evaluated for carcass characteristics at d 45. Diet 1 had significantly higher FCR from 0 to 45 d than treatments 2 through 5. No significant responses were observed for most live performance measurements, carcass yields, gut integrity, or woody breast measurements. In conclusion, soybean gums and soapstocks added back to soybean meal can be fed to broilers without loss in performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pellet quality and feed line length influence the nutrient density in feed pans throughout poultry houses. Reported variability in amino acid density (AAD) and phytase activity (PhyAct) along feed lines prompted this investigation. The objectives were to determine the impact of nutrient segregation, as measured in a controlled field trial, on broiler performance, processing yields, and bone mineralization in a replicated pen trial. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial in a randomized complete block design. Ross 308 male broilers were provided diets varying in AAD (95 % and 105 % of recommendation) and PhyAct (250, 500, 750 FTU/kg) from d11-38. Experimental diets were given full nutrient release credit for phytase at 500 FTU/kg; however, the phytase was withheld at the mill. Liquid phytase was later mixed into diets to create the PhyAct levels. Broiler performance and bone mineralization were measured from d11-38 while processing yields were determined on d39. The main effects of AAD and PhyAct did not interact (P > 0.05). However, broilers fed excess AAD improved d38 BW by 121 g, overall FCR by 0.077, and breast yield by 1.056 % compared to those fed reduced AAD (P < 0.05). Conversely, the main effect of PhyAct did not affect measured parameters (P > 0.05). While variability in both AAD and PhyAct can be identified in the field, these data demonstrated that AAD is a suitable marker for nutrient segregation that impacts performance. The lack of broiler performance differences makes PhyAct (500 FTU/kg dose) a poor nutrient segregation marker.
{"title":"Evaluating phytase activity and amino acid density as suitable on-farm nutrient segregation markers: Effects on broiler performance, processing yields, and bone mineralization","authors":"B.S. Liebross, D.R. Boontarue, C.M. Poholsky, J.W. Boney","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pellet quality and feed line length influence the nutrient density in feed pans throughout poultry houses. Reported variability in amino acid density (AAD) and phytase activity (PhyAct) along feed lines prompted this investigation. The objectives were to determine the impact of nutrient segregation, as measured in a controlled field trial, on broiler performance, processing yields, and bone mineralization in a replicated pen trial. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial in a randomized complete block design. Ross 308 male broilers were provided diets varying in AAD (95 % and 105 % of recommendation) and PhyAct (250, 500, 750 FTU/kg) from d11-38. Experimental diets were given full nutrient release credit for phytase at 500 FTU/kg; however, the phytase was withheld at the mill. Liquid phytase was later mixed into diets to create the PhyAct levels. Broiler performance and bone mineralization were measured from d11-38 while processing yields were determined on d39. The main effects of AAD and PhyAct did not interact (<em>P</em> > 0.05). However, broilers fed excess AAD improved d38 BW by 121 g, overall FCR by 0.077, and breast yield by 1.056 % compared to those fed reduced AAD (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Conversely, the main effect of PhyAct did not affect measured parameters (<em>P</em> > 0.05). While variability in both AAD and PhyAct can be identified in the field, these data demonstrated that AAD is a suitable marker for nutrient segregation that impacts performance. The lack of broiler performance differences makes PhyAct (500 FTU/kg dose) a poor nutrient segregation marker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-17DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100593
Mahmoud M. Azzam , Abdulaziz A. Alabdullatif , Rashed A. Alhotan , Mohammed A. Al-Badwi , Musab E. Akasha , Xinyang Dong , Shaaban S. Elnesr , Zeinab Shouman
A total of 216 Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of three dietary treatments (palm oil [PO], canola oil [CO], and rice bran oil [RBO], each at 40 g/kg) and two sexes (male and female). Each dietary treatment was replicated 6 times per sex (six male and six female replicates), resulting in a total of 12 replicates per treatment, with 6 birds per replicate. Results showed that different oil sources had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on body weight, weight gain (WG), feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The effects of dietary oil sources on duodenal morphology in broiler chickens revealed several significant outcomes. In males, feeding CO tended to increase villus height, and significantly reduced crypt depth, resulting in a higher (P < 0.001) VH/CP ratio compared to PO and RBO. In females, feeding RBO produced the most favourable morphology, with the highest villus height, lowest crypt depth, and greatest VH/CP ratio among treatments (P < 0.001). While dietary oil sources did not significantly affect the relative weights of internal organs, a significant effect (P = 0.01) of sex was observed, with female broiler chickens having greater gizzard weights than males. Feeding RBO increased liver redness and crude protein content (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Females showed higher redness (P = 0.002), while males tended to have greater protein levels (P = 0.06). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by sex, oil source, or their interaction. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of PO, CO, or RBO resulted in comparable growth performance in broiler chickens, with no significant differences detected. However, the type of oil may still impact specific physiological aspects, especially duodenal morphology and liver composition and quality. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings across breeds and environments.
{"title":"Effects of palm oil, canola oil, and rice bran oil on growth performance, blood biochemistry, and intestinal morphology in young chicks","authors":"Mahmoud M. Azzam , Abdulaziz A. Alabdullatif , Rashed A. Alhotan , Mohammed A. Al-Badwi , Musab E. Akasha , Xinyang Dong , Shaaban S. Elnesr , Zeinab Shouman","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A total of 216 Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of three dietary treatments (palm oil [PO], canola oil [CO], and rice bran oil [RBO], each at 40 g/kg) and two sexes (male and female). Each dietary treatment was replicated 6 times per sex (six male and six female replicates), resulting in a total of 12 replicates per treatment, with 6 birds per replicate. Results showed that different oil sources had no significant effect (<em>P</em> > 0.05) on body weight, weight gain (WG), feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The effects of dietary oil sources on duodenal morphology in broiler chickens revealed several significant outcomes. In males, feeding CO tended to increase villus height, and significantly reduced crypt depth, resulting in a higher (<em>P</em> < 0.001) VH/CP ratio compared to PO and RBO. In females, feeding RBO produced the most favourable morphology, with the highest villus height, lowest crypt depth, and greatest VH/CP ratio among treatments (<em>P</em> < 0.001). While dietary oil sources did not significantly affect the relative weights of internal organs, a significant effect (<em>P</em> = 0.01) of sex was observed, with female broiler chickens having greater gizzard weights than males. Feeding RBO increased liver redness and crude protein content (<em>P</em> = 0.01 and <em>P</em> < 0.001, respectively). Females showed higher redness (<em>P</em> = 0.002), while males tended to have greater protein levels (<em>P</em> = 0.06). Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were not significantly affected (<em>P</em> > 0.05) by sex, oil source, or their interaction. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of PO, CO, or RBO resulted in comparable growth performance in broiler chickens, with no significant differences detected. However, the type of oil may still impact specific physiological aspects, especially duodenal morphology and liver composition and quality. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings across breeds and environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-09DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100592
Katherine L. Cupo , Zohreh Mehdipour , Catherine Fudge , Kelli Jones , Robert B. Beckstead , Julianna C. Jespersen , Juan C. Suarez , Chongxiao Chen
Commercial turkeys are commonly exposed to coccidia during rearing, and feed additives are being investigated to help mitigate losses associated with infection. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of sodium bisulfate (SBS) on growth performance of turkeys given a 2 × dose of coccidia vaccine. A 2 × 3 factorial design was implemented with a 2 × coccidia vaccine (IMMUCOX®T) gavaged at d 0 (challenged or non-challenged) and dietary supplementation of 0 % (control), 0.2 %, or 0.4 % feed-grade SBS. Oocyst shedding was evaluated on d 7 and 14 to confirm parasite cycling and vaccine viability. Body weight (BW), feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evaluated at d 0, 35, and 56. Body weight uniformity was evaluated at d 56, and livability ( %) was evaluated for the overall trial. The results indicated that challenged birds had reduced growth performance at d 35 but recovered similarly to the non-challenged groups by d 56. Challenged birds with 0.4 % SBS achieved higher BW than other challenged treatments and were numerically similar to non-challenged treatments at d 35. Birds provided SBS had improved FCR overall compared with birds given control diet, regardless of challenge status. Livability (%) and BW uniformity were similar between all treatments at d 56. Oocyst shedding in challenged treatments was similar on d 7 and numerically lower in challenged treatments provided SBS treatments on d 14. These results collectively indicate that the dietary inclusion of up to 0.4 % SBS for turkeys can improve growth performance, specifically FCR, regardless of coccidia challenge status.
{"title":"Evaluation of sodium bisulfate on performance parameters of turkeys that received a double-dose of a coccidia vaccine","authors":"Katherine L. Cupo , Zohreh Mehdipour , Catherine Fudge , Kelli Jones , Robert B. Beckstead , Julianna C. Jespersen , Juan C. Suarez , Chongxiao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commercial turkeys are commonly exposed to coccidia during rearing, and feed additives are being investigated to help mitigate losses associated with infection. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of sodium bisulfate (<strong>SBS</strong>) on growth performance of turkeys given a 2 × dose of coccidia vaccine. A 2 × 3 factorial design was implemented with a 2 × coccidia vaccine (IMMUCOX®T) gavaged at d 0 (challenged or non-challenged) and dietary supplementation of 0 % (control), 0.2 %, or 0.4 % feed-grade SBS. Oocyst shedding was evaluated on d 7 and 14 to confirm parasite cycling and vaccine viability. Body weight (<strong>BW</strong>), feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (<strong>FCR</strong>) were evaluated at d 0, 35, and 56. Body weight uniformity was evaluated at d 56, and livability ( %) was evaluated for the overall trial. The results indicated that challenged birds had reduced growth performance at d 35 but recovered similarly to the non-challenged groups by d 56. Challenged birds with 0.4 % SBS achieved higher BW than other challenged treatments and were numerically similar to non-challenged treatments at d 35. Birds provided SBS had improved FCR overall compared with birds given control diet, regardless of challenge status. Livability (%) and BW uniformity were similar between all treatments at d 56. Oocyst shedding in challenged treatments was similar on d 7 and numerically lower in challenged treatments provided SBS treatments on d 14. These results collectively indicate that the dietary inclusion of up to 0.4 % SBS for turkeys can improve growth performance, specifically FCR, regardless of coccidia challenge status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144911989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enterococcus spp. represents an important zoonotic opportunistic pathogen. Poultry and livestock feeds could be a source of Enterococci. This study aimed to isolate and identify E. faecalis and E. faecium from poultry and livestock feed samples, determine their antibiotic resistance pattern, and detect their virulence gene, resistance gene, and biofilm formation ability. Among the 84 commerciall mill origin feed samples collected, 82 were PCR screened, of which 19 were positive for E. faecalis and 32 for E. faecium. The antibiogram results revealed that E. faecalis exhibited the highest resistance to Ampicillin in both poultry and livestock feed samples. In poultry feed, this was followed by resistance to Rifampin and Erythromycin, while in livestock feed, additional resistance was observed to Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol. Similarly, E. faecium showed a highresistance to Ampicillin across both sample types. In poultry feed, this was followed by resistance to Erythromycin, Rifampin, and Vancomycin, whereas in livestock feed, it was followed by Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and other antibiotics. Most isolates were positive for multiple virulent genes e.g., agg, pil, fsrB, and fsrC genes. Genotypic analysis revealed the presence of the blaTEM gene in the majority of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates from both poultry and livestock feed, with slightly higher detection rates in E. faecalis. In the biofilm assay, both E. faecalis and E. faecium demonstrated strong biofilm-forming ability. Current findings reveal that biofilm-forming antibiotic-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium are present in poultry and livestock feed, which could have implications for public health.
{"title":"Virulence profiling, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of enterococci associated with poultry and livestock feeds","authors":"Samia Salam , Naeem Ahammed Ibrahim Fahim , Md. Nahid Ashraf , Rony Ibne Masud , Rownak Jahan , Md. Tabeer Hossain Antor , Md. Abdullah Evna Hasan , Zuhayr Bakhtiyar , Dilruba Akter Jany , Md. Liton Rana , Md. Shafiqul Islam , Md. Tanvir Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Enterococcus</em> spp. represents an important zoonotic opportunistic pathogen. Poultry and livestock feeds could be a source of <em>Enterococci</em>. This study aimed to isolate and identify <em>E. faecalis</em> and <em>E. faecium</em> from poultry and livestock feed samples, determine their antibiotic resistance pattern, and detect their virulence gene, resistance gene, and biofilm formation ability. Among the 84 commerciall mill origin feed samples collected, 82 were PCR screened, of which 19 were positive for <em>E. faecalis</em> and 32 for <em>E. faecium.</em> The antibiogram results revealed that <em>E. faecalis</em> exhibited the highest resistance to Ampicillin in both poultry and livestock feed samples. In poultry feed, this was followed by resistance to Rifampin and Erythromycin, while in livestock feed, additional resistance was observed to Ciprofloxacin and Chloramphenicol. Similarly, <em>E. faecium</em> showed a highresistance to Ampicillin across both sample types. In poultry feed, this was followed by resistance to Erythromycin, Rifampin, and Vancomycin, whereas in livestock feed, it was followed by Erythromycin, Tetracycline, and other antibiotics. Most isolates were positive for multiple virulent genes e.g., <em>agg, pil, fsrB</em>, and <em>fsrC</em> genes. Genotypic analysis revealed the presence of the <em>blaTEM</em> gene in the majority of <em>E. faecalis</em> and <em>E. faecium</em> isolates from both poultry and livestock feed, with slightly higher detection rates in <em>E. faecalis</em>. In the biofilm assay, both <em>E. faecalis</em> and <em>E. faecium</em> demonstrated strong biofilm-forming ability. Current findings reveal that biofilm-forming antibiotic-resistant <em>E. faecalis</em> and <em>E. faecium</em> are present in poultry and livestock feed, which could have implications for public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100591
Gang Qiu, Yingying Liang, Meng Yang, Ying Chen, Tao Liu, Xiaoxiang Huo, Mengru An, Jiawang Kang, Ao Xue, Quanchao Ma, Yapei Rui
The isolation, culture, PCR and biochemical test identification of 58 diseased materials collected from 6 different large-scale chicken farms in Xinyang City, 36 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were identified, and drug susceptibility tests were conducted to detect 16 kinds of drugs against Staphylococcus aureus from chickens. The antibacterial properties of these drugs inform clinical treatment decisions in this region. Test results indicated that on ordinary nutrient agar, medium-sized, smooth, convex, rounded, golden-yellow opaque colonies were observed. After Gram staining and microscopic examination, blue-purple, spherical, and non-transparent colonies were noted, resembling regularly arranged grape clusters. Following culture in nutrient broth, turbidity, sediment, and bacterial ring formation were observed. The biochemical tests aligned with the characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus, and the plasma coagulase test returned positive results. 58 samples of suspected S. aureus infection in four different scale chicken farms in Xinyang area of Henan Province were collected. Among them, 36 samples was confirmed by PCR detection to be Staphylococcus aureus. The bacterial isolation rate is 62%. Animal experiments have confirmed that the isolated strain is a wild strain with strong virulence. Chicken-derived Staphylococcus aureus exhibited high sensitivity to cefradine, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, and enrofloxacin, moderate sensitivity to cefoperazone, doxycycline, amikacin, and ampicillin, and resistance to ampicillin, oxacillin, penicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and compound trimethoprim. The use of high-sensitivity antibiotics should be prioritized for treatment to mitigate the abuse of veterinary drugs and promote rational drug use.
{"title":"Molecular identification and resistance phenotype analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from chicken sources","authors":"Gang Qiu, Yingying Liang, Meng Yang, Ying Chen, Tao Liu, Xiaoxiang Huo, Mengru An, Jiawang Kang, Ao Xue, Quanchao Ma, Yapei Rui","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The isolation, culture, PCR and biochemical test identification of 58 diseased materials collected from 6 different large-scale chicken farms in Xinyang City, 36 strains of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> were identified, and drug susceptibility tests were conducted to detect 16 kinds of drugs against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> from chickens. The antibacterial properties of these drugs inform clinical treatment decisions in this region. Test results indicated that on ordinary nutrient agar, medium-sized, smooth, convex, rounded, golden-yellow opaque colonies were observed. After Gram staining and microscopic examination, blue-purple, spherical, and non-transparent colonies were noted, resembling regularly arranged grape clusters. Following culture in nutrient broth, turbidity, sediment, and bacterial ring formation were observed. The biochemical tests aligned with the characteristics of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and the plasma coagulase test returned positive results. 58 samples of suspected S. aureus infection in four different scale chicken farms in Xinyang area of Henan Province were collected. Among them, 36 samples was confirmed by PCR detection to be <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. The bacterial isolation rate is 62%. Animal experiments have confirmed that the isolated strain is a wild strain with strong virulence. Chicken-derived <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> exhibited high sensitivity to cefradine, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, clindamycin, ofloxacin, and enrofloxacin, moderate sensitivity to cefoperazone, doxycycline, amikacin, and ampicillin, and resistance to ampicillin, oxacillin, penicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and compound trimethoprim. The use of high-sensitivity antibiotics should be prioritized for treatment to mitigate the abuse of veterinary drugs and promote rational drug use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100589
Dongdong Li , Xuemei Ding , Qiufeng Zeng , Shiping Bai , Jianping Wang , Li Lv , Huanwei Peng , Yue Xuan , Jindang Cao , Keying Zhang
Currently, the primary supplemental forms of vitamin D (VD) for laying hens’ diets are traditional Vitamin D3 (VD3) and its intermediate metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD). However, the application effect of 25-OHD in laying hens has always been subject to some controversy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative bioavailability of 25-OHD compared to VD3 in terms of laying performance and egg quality for laying hens from 41 to 48 wk of age. A total of 936 thirty-six-wk-old Roman pink-shell laying hens were fed a basic diet without any additional VD for 5 wk (from wk 36 to 40). Subsequently, A total of 768 hens were selected and randomly assigned to 16 dietary treatments for 8 wk (from wk 41 to 58), including a 0 IU/kg VD control group and groups supplemented with 75, 150, 225, 300, 1600 IU/kg of VD3, 25-OHD-1 (provided by DSM Ltd.), or 25-OHD-2 (provided by Shandong Haineng Bioengineering Co., Ltd.). The results indicated that increasing VD levels significantly improved the hen day laying rate (HDLR), hen-housed laying rate (HHLR), qualified egg rate, egg weight (EW) and ADFI during wk 45–48 (P < 0.05), and significantly reduced FCR during wk 45–48 (P < 0.05). Compared with VD3 group, the HDLR and HHLR during wk 45–48 in 25-OHD-1 and 25-OHD-2 group were increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the FCR during wk 45–48 was decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Otherwise, compared with VD 75 IU/kg, the increase of VD level significantly increased the eggshell strength, eggshell thickness and relative weight of eggshell at 44 and 48 wk of age (P < 0.05). The yolk relative weight at 48 wk of age in the VD 75 IU/kg group was significantly higher than that in other groups (P < 0.05). The eggshell strength and relative weight of eggshell at 44 wk of age in the 25-OHD-1 and 25-OHD-2 group were higher (P < 0.05) than those in the VD3 group. Compared with control group, dietary supplementation with VD improved tibia strength and reduced tibia P content (P < 0.05). The tibia strength in the 25-OHD-2 group was the best among three VD source groups (P < 0.05). Taking VD3 as 100%, 25-OHD-1 and 25-OHD-2 had relative biological values of 137.6–182.6% and 135.9–195.9% for laying performance, and 108–254.4% and 93–323.5% for eggshell quality, respectively. Overall, the 25-OHD-1 and 25-OHD-2 was approximately 1.6–1.9 times as effective as VD3 for laying performance and egg quality. The bioavailability of 25-OHD-1 and 25-OHD-2 was no different.
{"title":"Relative bioavailability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 compared to vitamin D3 for laying performance and egg quality in laying hens from 41 to 48 weeks of age","authors":"Dongdong Li , Xuemei Ding , Qiufeng Zeng , Shiping Bai , Jianping Wang , Li Lv , Huanwei Peng , Yue Xuan , Jindang Cao , Keying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, the primary supplemental forms of vitamin D (<strong>VD</strong>) for laying hens’ diets are traditional Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (<strong>VD<sub>3</sub></strong>) and its intermediate metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> (<strong>25-OHD</strong>). However, the application effect of 25-OHD in laying hens has always been subject to some controversy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative bioavailability of 25-OHD compared to VD<sub>3</sub> in terms of laying performance and egg quality for laying hens from 41 to 48 wk of age. A total of 936 thirty-six-wk-old Roman pink-shell laying hens were fed a basic diet without any additional VD for 5 wk (from wk 36 to 40). Subsequently, A total of 768 hens were selected and randomly assigned to 16 dietary treatments for 8 wk (from wk 41 to 58), including a 0 IU/kg VD control group and groups supplemented with 75, 150, 225, 300, 1600 IU/kg of VD<sub>3</sub>, 25-OHD-1 (provided by DSM Ltd.), or 25-OHD-2 (provided by Shandong Haineng Bioengineering Co., Ltd.). The results indicated that increasing VD levels significantly improved the hen day laying rate (<strong>HDLR</strong>), hen-housed laying rate (<strong>HHLR</strong>), qualified egg rate, egg weight (<strong>EW</strong>) and ADFI during wk 45–48 (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and significantly reduced <strong>FCR</strong> during wk 45–48 (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Compared with VD<sub>3</sub> group, the HDLR and HHLR during wk 45–48 in 25-OHD-1 and 25-OHD-2 group were increased significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05), and the FCR during wk 45–48 was decreased significantly (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Otherwise, compared with VD 75 IU/kg, the increase of VD level significantly increased the eggshell strength, eggshell thickness and relative weight of eggshell at 44 and 48 wk of age (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The yolk relative weight at 48 wk of age in the VD 75 IU/kg group was significantly higher than that in other groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The eggshell strength and relative weight of eggshell at 44 wk of age in the 25-OHD-1 and 25-OHD-2 group were higher (<em>P</em> < 0.05) than those in the VD<sub>3</sub> group. Compared with control group, dietary supplementation with VD improved tibia strength and reduced tibia P content (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The tibia strength in the 25-OHD-2 group was the best among three VD source groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Taking VD<sub>3</sub> as 100%, 25-OHD-1 and 25-OHD-2 had relative biological values of 137.6–182.6% and 135.9–195.9% for laying performance, and 108–254.4% and 93–323.5% for eggshell quality, respectively. Overall, the 25-OHD-1 and 25-OHD-2 was approximately 1.6–1.9 times as effective as VD<sub>3</sub> for laying performance and egg quality. The bioavailability of 25-OHD-1 and 25-OHD-2 was no different.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 100589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100586
Revathi Shanmugasundaram
The poultry industry continues to expand, addressing mycotoxin contamination in feed becomes compulsory. Mycotoxins pose a significant threat to poultry health as they contaminate both pre- and post-harvest crops. The co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins decreases individual tolerance levels, even at subclinical levels, which can be considered to increase the pathology of individual mycotoxins in poultry. Mycotoxin interactions within the animal system are mainly additive in nature. The ultimate goal of achieving sustainable poultry production is to reduce the mycotoxin load in feed and its impact on downstream poultry food safety. This poultry science association annual conference symposium paper focuses on understanding the complex interactions among mycotoxins, notably fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and aflatoxin, and their cumulative effects on poultry health. The co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins in poultry feed ingredients exacerbates their effects on each other and impacts chicken production performance and health, necessitating a reevaluation of current mitigation strategies. Key discussions included the cascading effects of feed safety and mycotoxin interactions impacting poultry health, including intestinal epithelial barrier function, immunosuppression, and gut microbiome composition, leading to necrotic enteritis and foodborne pathogen contamination. Challenges faced by the poultry industry, such as the limited efficacy of traditional mycotoxin binders against fumonisins and deoxynivalenol, were discussed. The urgent need for real-time biomarkers to detect subclinical mycotoxicity was emphasized. Additionally, potential intervention strategies, including probiotics, mycotoxin deactivating enzymes, and mycotoxin binders, were discussed to mitigate mycotoxin impacts in poultry.
{"title":"Current approaches to the ongoing challenges of mycotoxins in poultry diets: Understanding and combating mycotoxins for sustainable poultry production","authors":"Revathi Shanmugasundaram","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The poultry industry continues to expand, addressing mycotoxin contamination in feed becomes compulsory. Mycotoxins pose a significant threat to poultry health as they contaminate both pre- and post-harvest crops. The co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins decreases individual tolerance levels, even at subclinical levels, which can be considered to increase the pathology of individual mycotoxins in poultry. Mycotoxin interactions within the animal system are mainly additive in nature. The ultimate goal of achieving sustainable poultry production is to reduce the mycotoxin load in feed and its impact on downstream poultry food safety. This poultry science association annual conference symposium paper focuses on understanding the complex interactions among mycotoxins, notably fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and aflatoxin, and their cumulative effects on poultry health. The co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins in poultry feed ingredients exacerbates their effects on each other and impacts chicken production performance and health, necessitating a reevaluation of current mitigation strategies. Key discussions included the cascading effects of feed safety and mycotoxin interactions impacting poultry health, including intestinal epithelial barrier function, immunosuppression, and gut microbiome composition, leading to necrotic enteritis and foodborne pathogen contamination. Challenges faced by the poultry industry, such as the limited efficacy of traditional mycotoxin binders against fumonisins and deoxynivalenol, were discussed. The urgent need for real-time biomarkers to detect subclinical mycotoxicity was emphasized. Additionally, potential intervention strategies, including probiotics, mycotoxin deactivating enzymes, and mycotoxin binders, were discussed to mitigate mycotoxin impacts in poultry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increased interest and investigation into the sustainability of broiler production has led to a need for reliable and repeatable means to measure water intake and its conversion rate into salable meat. Therefore, a study was conducted to characterize the water intake and water conversion ratio (WCR) of male and female broilers from four modern broiler strains. Two of these lines represented fast growing broiler strains (FGB A and FGB B) targeting a small bird market and two represented high yielding broiler strains (HYB A and HYB B). Three replicates of 25 sexed broilers from each line were placed into 24 experimental pens and reared for an 8-week period. Broiler BW, feed intake, and water intake were monitored weekly and used to calculate feed conversion ratio (FCR) and WCR. Broilers were processed at 6 and 8 weeks of age for determination of carcass traits. Male broilers had higher water intakes throughout the experimental period. Strain significantly influenced broiler water intake and WCR throughout the experimental period, but these differences did not appear to be linked to broiler product type (i.e., fast growing or high yielding). Interactions between strain and sex were observed for water intake starting at week 4 and continuing through week 7. No interactions between strain and sex were observed for WCR. Water intake data and WCR reported herein serve to allow for baseline values derived from broilers serving the 2 major sectors of the broiler industry in literature and for future research.
{"title":"Characterization of water intake and water conversion ratio for male and female broilers from four commercial broiler lines reared to eight weeks of age","authors":"J.Z. Hiltz , C.W. Maynard , T.W. Tabler, M.A. Maqueda, K.M. Shafer, K.B. Nelson, M.T. Kidd, N.B. Anthony, S.K. Orlowski-Workman","doi":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.japr.2025.100587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increased interest and investigation into the sustainability of broiler production has led to a need for reliable and repeatable means to measure water intake and its conversion rate into salable meat. Therefore, a study was conducted to characterize the water intake and water conversion ratio (<strong>WCR</strong>) of male and female broilers from four modern broiler strains. Two of these lines represented fast growing broiler strains (FGB A and FGB B) targeting a small bird market and two represented high yielding broiler strains (HYB A and HYB B). Three replicates of 25 sexed broilers from each line were placed into 24 experimental pens and reared for an 8-week period. Broiler BW, feed intake, and water intake were monitored weekly and used to calculate feed conversion ratio (<strong>FCR</strong>) and WCR. Broilers were processed at 6 and 8 weeks of age for determination of carcass traits. Male broilers had higher water intakes throughout the experimental period. Strain significantly influenced broiler water intake and WCR throughout the experimental period, but these differences did not appear to be linked to broiler product type (i.e., fast growing or high yielding). Interactions between strain and sex were observed for water intake starting at week 4 and continuing through week 7. No interactions between strain and sex were observed for WCR. Water intake data and WCR reported herein serve to allow for baseline values derived from broilers serving the 2 major sectors of the broiler industry in literature and for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15240,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Poultry Research","volume":"34 4","pages":"Article 100587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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