Journal of Applied Poultry Research最新文献_第9页

Evaluation of Aragonite as a Calcium source in laying hen diets 文石在蛋鸡饲粮中作为钙源的评价

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100639

A.M. Lyons , S. Dowd , J. Hart , M.E. Persia

Experiments were conducted to determine the bioavailability of fine ground aragonite (FGA) using 0-14 d old broilers and to validate the use of FGA as a single particle size Ca ingredient on performance, eggshell quality, and tibia ash (TA) of laying hens from 28 to 56 wk. In Experiment 1, 450 Ross 708 broilers were fed 0.35, 0.43, 0.51, 0.59, and 0.67 % Ca using the addition of 0, 0.08, 0.16, 0.24 and 0.32 % Ca from either FGA or limestone (LS). Body weight, feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and TA were measured at the end of 14 d. The relative bioavailability of FGA to LS was 179 % using slope ratio analysis of chick TA. In Experiment 2, 180 Hy-Line W-36 laying hens were fed diets containing 50/50 fine and coarse LS or 100 % FGA at 2.46, 3.28, or 4.10 % Ca using a 2 × 3 factorial. Interactions occurred for hen day egg production, egg weight, egg mass and feed efficiency. There were limited differences in performance regardless of Ca source or concentration, but the 4.10 % LS resulted in the lowest performance. An interaction was noted in that all FGA maximized TA in the laying hens, however, reduced LS feeding resulted in linear reductions in TA indicating Ca insufficiency at lower dietary concentrations. The fine/coarse mixture of LS increased shell quality compared to FGA (P ≤ 0.05). These data indicate that FGA may be used as a higher available alternative Ca source in laying hens based on performance and tibia ash, but the combined use of coarse and fine Ca should continue to be used to support eggshell quality.

本试验以0 ~ 14日龄肉鸡为试验对象，研究细磨文石（FGA）的生物利用度，并验证FGA作为单一粒径钙原料对28 ~ 56周龄蛋鸡生产性能、蛋壳品质和胫骨灰分（TA）的影响。试验1，选取450只罗斯708肉鸡，分别饲喂钙含量为0.35、0.43、0.51、0.59和0.67%的饲粮，分别添加0、0.08、0.16、0.24和0.32%的灰岩钙。试验第14 d时测定体重、采食量、饲料系数和TA值。采用TA斜率分析法测定FGA对LS的相对生物利用度为179%。试验2选用180只海兰W-36蛋鸡，按2 × 3因子分别饲喂钙含量为2.46、3.28和4.10%的粗、细LS和100% FGA的饲粮。蛋鸡日产蛋量、蛋重、蛋质量和饲料效率之间存在交互作用。无论钙源或浓度如何，性能差异有限，但4.10%的LS导致性能最低。相互作用表明，所有FGA均能使蛋鸡的TA最大化，但LS饲喂的减少导致TA线性降低，表明饲粮浓度较低时Ca不足。与FGA相比，LS细/粗混合料提高了壳品质（P≤0.05）。综上所述，从生产性能和胫骨灰分来看，FGA可作为蛋鸡较高可用的钙替代源，但为了保证蛋壳质量，应继续采用粗钙和细钙的混合使用。

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引用次数: 0

Scrubbing and hydrogen peroxide spray improve eggshell microbial hygiene and hatchability in goose eggs 擦洗和双氧水喷雾可改善鹅蛋的蛋壳微生物卫生和孵化率

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100640

Sheng-Der Wang , Chao-Hung Chiang , Shang-Chieh Hsieh , Chih-Chang Hsiao , Ching-Yi Lien

This study evaluated the effects of eggshell scrubbing and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) spray sanitization on the microbial load on eggshells, egg moisture loss, embryonic mortality, hatchability of fertilized eggs, and gosling weight in White Roman goose hatching eggs. A 2 × 3 factorial design was used, involving two levels of scrubbing (non-scrubbed or scrubbed) and three levels of spraying (no spray, 3 % H₂O₂, or 6 % H₂O₂). Each group consisted of six trays containing 30 eggs per tray, totaling 1,080 hatching eggs. Half of the eggs were manually scrubbed using a scouring pad under running tap water, followed by spraying with either 3 % or 6 % H₂O₂ solution or left untreated. The remaining 540 eggs were not scrubbed and were subjected to the same spraying treatments. Compared to untreated eggs, scrubbing reduced the total bacterial count, coliforms, and Escherichia coli on the eggshell surface by 4.31 log₁₀ cfu/mL, 3.42 log₁₀ cfu/100 mL, and 2.21 log₁₀ cfu/100 mL, respectively (P < 0.05). Scrubbing also decreased embryonic mortality during days 7 to 30 of incubation and increased cumulative moisture loss during days 1 to 28 of incubation (P < 0.05), while other hatchability traits were not affected. Additionally, spraying with 3 % H₂O₂ improved the hatchability of fertilized eggs and reduced the proportion of unmarketable goslings compared to the 6 % H₂O₂ group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that scrubbing with a scouring pad under running tap water is an effective method for improving eggshell hygiene without compromising hatchability of goose hatching eggs. When H₂O₂ spray sanitization is applied, a 3 % concentration is preferable for maintaining hatchability outcomes.

本研究评价了双氧水喷雾消毒对白罗马鹅孵化蛋中蛋壳微生物负荷、鸡蛋水分流失、胚胎死亡率、受精卵孵化率和雏鹅体重的影响。采用2 × 3因子设计，包括2个洗涤水平（未洗涤或洗涤）和3个喷洒水平（不喷洒、3% H₂O₂或6% H₂O₂）。每组由6个托盘组成，每个托盘含有30个鸡蛋，总共1080个孵化蛋。一半的鸡蛋用洗涤垫在自来水下手动擦洗，然后喷洒3%或6%的h2o溶液，或者不进行处理。剩下的540个鸡蛋没有进行擦洗，而是进行了同样的喷洒处理。与未经处理的鸡蛋相比，擦洗使蛋壳表面的细菌总数、大肠菌群和大肠杆菌数量分别减少了4.31个log₁₀cfu/mL、3.42个log₁₀cfu/100 mL和2.21个log₁₀cfu/100 mL （P < 0.05）。洗涤降低了孵育第7 ~ 30天的胚胎死亡率，增加了孵育第1 ~ 28天的累积水分损失量（P < 0.05），而其他孵化性性状未受影响。此外，与6% H₂O₂组相比，喷施3% H₂O₂组提高了受精卵的孵化率，降低了滞销小鹅的比例（P < 0.05）。这些结果表明，在自来水下用洗涤垫擦洗是一种有效的方法，可以在不影响鹅孵蛋率的情况下改善蛋壳卫生。当应用h2o2喷雾消毒时，3%的浓度是保持孵化结果的首选。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of yeast-derived prebiotics on mitigating colonization and fecal shedding of Salmonella and modifying the microbiome of laying hens in a Salmonella Enteritidis challenge 酵母衍生的益生元对减少沙门氏菌定植和粪便脱落以及改变蛋鸡肠道菌群的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100634

Fozol K. Ovi , Ishab Poudel , Theresia Lavergne , Charlie Elrod , Pratima Adhikari

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two yeast-based prebiotics on mitigating Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection and modifying the microbiome of layer chickens. At 45 weeks of age, 72 Hy-line W36, SE negative, layers were placed in a tiered battery of 36 cages in a randomized block design. Tiers of cages were considered as the blocking factor, and each cage housed two layers. A four-week adaptation period was allowed before the oral challenge with nalidixic acid resistant SE (10^9 CFU/bird). A common diet was supplied to birds with or without prebiotic supplementation to formulate four treatments: Unchallenged control (NC), challenged control (PC), PC+ hydrolyzed yeast+yeast culture (HY/YC, 100 g/ton), and PC+ yeast cell wall+hydrolyzed yeast (YCW/HY, 100 g/ton). Fecal samples were collected at 0-, 3-, 7- and 14-days post inoculation (dpi) to quantify SE load in feces. Additionally, one bird from each cage was euthanized on 7- and 14-dpi to determine SE load in liver, ovary, spleen and ceca. Cloacal swabs were collected from one layer per replication, from replications one to six, on 14-dpi for 16S rRNA sequencing and analysis of microbiome richness, diversity, and robustness. Data were log transformed and analyzed using PROCGLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4 and means were separated by Fisher’s LSD. At 7-dpi layers fed HY/YC or YCW/HY had a 1 log reduction in fecal shedding and cecal colonization of SE compared to PC (feces: 0.939 and 0.761 Vs 1.657; Ceca 1.594 and 1.597 Vs 2.613 logCFU/gm), without compromising overall egg production. Microbiome richness was better for layers fed NC or HY/YCW than for layers fed PC. Microbiome diversity and robustness were better for layers fed NC or HY/YC than for layers fed PC. Thus, yeast-based prebiotics could be effective in mitigating SE infection, as well as improving the microbiome of SE challenged layers.

本试验旨在评价两种酵母基益生元对蛋鸡肠炎沙门氏菌（Salmonella Enteritidis， SE）感染的缓解作用和对蛋鸡微生物群的影响。在45周龄时，采用随机区组设计，将72只海兰W36 （SE阴性）蛋鸡放入36个笼的分层电池中。多层的笼子被认为是阻碍因素，每个笼子有两层。耐钠地酸SE （10^9 CFU/只）口服攻毒前有4周的适应期。在普通饲粮中添加或不添加益生元，分别配制4种处理：无挑战对照（NC）、挑战对照（PC）、PC+水解酵母+酵母培养物（HY/YC, 100 g/t）和PC+酵母细胞壁+水解酵母（YCW/HY, 100 g/t）。分别于接种后0、3、7和14天收集粪便样本，量化粪便中的SE负荷。每笼各取1只，分别于7和14 dpi安乐死，测定肝脏、卵巢、脾脏和盲肠的SE负荷。从重复1到6次，每次复制收集一层拭子，在14 dpi上进行16S rRNA测序，并分析微生物组的丰富度、多样性和稳健性。数据采用SAS 9.4的PROCGLIMMIX程序进行对数变换和分析，均数采用Fisher’s LSD分离。在7 dpi的蛋鸡中，饲喂HY/YC或YCW/HY的蛋鸡的粪便排出量和盲肠定殖量比PC减少了1倍（粪便：0.939和0.761 Vs 1.657；盲肠：1.594和1.597 Vs 2.613 logCFU/gm），而不影响总产蛋量。饲喂NC或HY/YCW的蛋鸡微生物组丰富度优于饲喂PC的蛋鸡。饲喂NC或HY/YC的蛋鸡的微生物组多样性和稳健性优于饲喂PC的蛋鸡。因此，以酵母为基础的益生元可以有效减轻SE感染，并改善SE挑战蛋鸡的微生物群。

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引用次数: 0

Determination of safety of decoquinate in chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) 楚卡松鸡体内脱喹酮的安全性测定

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100638

Rahmi CANBAR , Gökhan AKCAKAVAK , Muhittin USLU , Beyza SUVARIKLI ALAN

Decoquinate (DQ) is an antiprotozoal quinolone derivative developed as an anticoccidial for poultry and other animals. The aim of the study was to determine the safety of DQ as an extra-label anticoccidial in chukar partridges, which are generally raised as game birds. In the study, a total of 40 animals were divided into four equal groups, ten animals from each group. Nothing was applied to the control group and they were fed with standard feed. The treatment groups were fed with feed containing DQ at a dose of 30, 60 or 120 ppm at the end of the study. At the end of 100 days of study period, blood serum for biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, BUN, and creatinine) and tissue samples (kidney, brain and liver) for pathological evaluations were taken from the chukar partridges. In addition, biochemical parameters were measured from the blood serum. No difference was found between the groups in histopathological and serum biochemical parameters. It was concluded that DQ is safe in chukar partridges.

脱喹酮（dequinate， DQ）是一种抗原虫喹诺酮衍生物，用于家禽和其他动物的抗球虫药。该研究的目的是确定DQ作为标签外抗球虫药在楚卡鹧鸪中的安全性，楚卡鹧鸪通常是作为猎禽饲养的。在这项研究中，总共40只动物被分成四个相等的组，每组10只动物。对照组不饲喂任何饲料，饲喂标准饲料。在研究结束时，处理组喂食含有DQ的饲料，剂量为30,60或120ppm。研究期100 d结束时，采集楚卡鹧鸪血清生化指标（ALT、AST、ALP、BUN、肌酐）和组织（肾、脑、肝）进行病理评价。同时测定血清生化指标。各组间组织病理及血清生化指标均无差异。结果表明，DQ对楚卡山鸡是安全的。

引用次数: 0

Infection with Cochlosoma anatis in early brooding leads to poor health outcomes in turkey poults 在孵雏早期感染鸡青色虫会导致火鸡的健康状况不佳

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100637

Justin H Lowery , Chongxiao Chen , Catherine G Fudge , Christina Sigmon , Robert B Beckstead , Lin L Walker

Infection with Cochlosoma anatis, a flagellated protozoan parasite, significantly impacts U.S. commercial turkey production by causing poult enteritis (poor weight gain, flock non-uniformity, and diarrhea) and is associated with co-infections. Though unconfirmed, prior research suggests impaired nutrient acquisition or utilization. This study investigated how infection timing affects disease severity in turkey poults, hypothesizing that inoculation at early brooding (placement or 8 days of age) would lead to more severe outcomes relative to inoculation at 15 days of age or non-infected controls (NC). Poults were orally inoculated with a C. anatis field strain and performance recorded for 28 days. Ileal C. anatis concentrations and cecal tonsil concentrations of Escherichia coli, total coliforms, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella were measured at 28 days of age. Mortality was normalized with the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation, and all parameters were assessed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer mean separation in JMP Pro 16. Mortality was significantly higher (p = 0.0007) with inoculation at placement and 8 days of age (up to 70 %) compared to those inoculated at 15 days of age (16 %) and the NC group (8 %). Initial weights were similar; however, poults inoculated at placement had significantly lower (p < 0.0001) final body weights (408.42 g/poult) compared to inoculation at 8 and 15 days of age (∼587 g/poult) and the NC group (797.51 g/poult). C. anatis and bacterial concentrations did not significantly differ. This study showed that C. anatis infection in early brooding leads to severe disease, highlighting the fragility of young poults susceptible to C. anatis infection.

鸡绿原体是一种鞭毛原生动物寄生虫，感染鸡绿原体会引起家禽肠炎（增重不佳、鸡群不均匀和腹泻），并伴有合并感染，从而严重影响美国商业火鸡生产。虽然未经证实，但先前的研究表明营养获取或利用受损。本研究调查了感染时间如何影响火鸡家禽的疾病严重程度，假设在孵育早期（放置或8日龄）接种会导致比在15日龄或未感染对照（NC）接种更严重的结果。用一株野株灌胃接种雏鸡，观察28 d的生产性能。28日龄时测定回肠anatis浓度和盲肠扁桃体大肠杆菌、总大肠菌群、产气荚膜梭菌和沙门氏菌浓度。死亡率采用Freeman-Tukey双反正弦变换归一化，所有参数采用JMP Pro 16中的单向方差分析和Tukey-Kramer平均分离进行评估。与15日龄接种组（16%）和NC组（8%）相比，在放置和8日龄接种组（高达70%）的死亡率显著更高（p = 0.0007）。初始权重相似；然而，与8日龄和15日龄接种组（~ 587 g/只）和NC组（797.51 g/只）相比，原位接种组的最终体重（408.42 g/只）显著降低（p < 0.0001）。青螺旋体和细菌浓度差异不显著。本研究表明，在孵育早期感染鸭衣原体可导致严重的疾病，突出了易受鸭衣原体感染的雏鸡的脆弱性。

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引用次数: 0

Modulating cecal microbiota and systemic physiology in broilers through non-antibiotic dietary approaches 通过非抗生素饲粮方式调节肉鸡盲肠微生物群和全身生理

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100635

Waleed Alhujaili , Halah A. Hafiz , Garsa Alshehry , Ahmed K. Aldhalmi , Mohammad M.H. Khan , Mahmoud Kamal , Mohamed M.F. El-Mekkawy

This study evaluated the effects of lactic acid (LAC) and spirulina (SPR) on growth performance, carcass traits, blood parameters, antioxidant status, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens as natural antioxidant and growth-promoting agents. A total of 360 one-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned to six groups in a completely randomized design. Each group consisted of six replicates with ten unsexed chicks per replicate. The dietary treatments were as follows: NC (control, basal diet), PC (0.5 g polymyxin E antibiotic/kg diet), LAC 2 (2 g LAC/kg diet), LAC 4 (4 g LAC/kg diet), SPR 1 (1 g SPR/kg diet), and SPR 2 (2 g SPR/kg diet). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed among treatments for live body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), or performance index (PI), except for FI during days 1–21, where the SPR 1 group showed improved FCR. Carcass characteristics did not differ significantly among treatments. LAC and SPR supplementation (P < 0.001) reduced total protein and albumin levels compared with NC and PC groups. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, as well as urea and creatinine levels, were lower in the LAC 4 and SPR 2 groups. Spirulina supplementation at different levels increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, along with glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, compared with NC, PC, and LAC treatments. Significant (P < 0.05) differences in total bacterial count (TBC) were recorded, with the NC group showing the highest values. Lactobacilli and E. coli counts were highest in the LAC 2 and LAC 4 groups, whereas SPR 1 had the greatest Salmonella counts. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 2 g LAC/kg improved gut health by promoting microbial balance, while 1 g SPR/kg enhanced antioxidant status and organ function, thereby improving overall physiological resilience in broilers.

本试验研究了乳酸（LAC）和螺旋藻（SPR）作为天然抗氧化剂和促生长剂对肉鸡生长性能、胴体性状、血液参数、抗氧化状态和盲肠菌群的影响。采用完全随机设计，将360只1日龄罗斯308雏鸡随机分为6组。每组6个重复，每个重复10只无性别的雏鸡。饲粮处理为：NC（对照，基础饲粮）、PC （0.5 g多粘菌素E抗生素/kg饲粮）、LAC 2 （2 g LAC/kg饲粮）、LAC 4 （4 g LAC/kg饲粮）、SPR 1 （1 g SPR/kg饲粮）和SPR 2 （2 g SPR/kg饲粮）。除第1 - 21天的饲料系数（FI）外，各组活重（LBW）、采食量（FI）、饲料系数（FCR）和生产性能指数（PI）均无显著差异（P > 0.05）。不同处理间胴体性状无显著差异。与NC组和PC组相比，添加LAC和SPR （P < 0.001）降低了总蛋白和白蛋白水平。丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性以及尿素和肌酐水平在LAC 4和SPR 2组均较低。与NC、PC和LAC处理相比，添加不同水平螺旋藻可提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）和谷胱甘肽s -转移酶（GST）活性，以及谷胱甘肽（GSH）和丙二醛（MDA）浓度。两组总细菌计数（TBC）差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）， NC组最高。乳酸杆菌和大肠杆菌数量在LAC 2和LAC 4组中最高，而沙门氏菌数量在SPR 1组中最高。综上所述，饲粮中添加2 g LAC/kg可通过促进肠道微生物平衡来改善肉鸡肠道健康，而饲粮中添加1 g SPR/kg可增强机体抗氧化状态和器官功能，从而提高肉鸡的整体生理弹性。

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引用次数: 0

Applied research note: Reliability in using live palpation scores to evaluate woody breast severity in commercial broilers 应用研究说明：使用活体触诊评分评估商品肉鸡木质乳房严重程度的可靠性

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100633

C. Hisasaga , S.K. Orlowski-Workman , K.J. Tarrant

The broiler industry has observed an increase in the incidence and severity of myopathies in recent years, which has negatively affected meat quality and compromised consumer acceptance of fresh and processed products. Among these, a myopathy known as woody breast (WB) has become of concern to both the scientific community and the poultry industry, prompting numerous studies on the etiology of the myopathy. WB has been described as a disorder that causes hardening and discoloration of the chicken pectoralis major muscle, subsequently decreasing the meat quality. Palpation of the breast muscle of live birds has been used to estimate the presence and severity of woody breast in broiler populations. To assess its accuracy, this experiment aimed to evaluate how effectively the method can estimate the incidence and severity of WB pre-mortem. Furthermore, this study supports previous statements that demonstrate birds with WB are heavier in weight than those without WB. Our study provides insight into the reliability of using external palpations for scoring woody breast in live broilers. While the palpation method on live birds can be used to gain general information about breast scores, internal evaluation of WB scoring is needed to fully understand the incidence and severity of myopathy, as live scoring can be variable.

肉鸡行业观察到近年来肌病的发病率和严重程度有所增加，这对肉质产生了负面影响，并降低了消费者对新鲜和加工产品的接受度。其中，一种被称为木质乳房（WB）的肌病已引起科学界和家禽业的关注，促使人们对这种肌病的病因进行了大量的研究。白骨病被描述为一种疾病，导致鸡胸大肌硬化和变色，随后降低肉品质。触诊活禽的胸肌已被用于估计肉鸡种群中木本胸的存在和严重程度。为了评估其准确性，本实验旨在评估该方法如何有效地估计死前WB的发生率和严重程度。此外，该研究支持了先前的说法，即有白斑的鸟类比没有白斑的鸟类体重更重。我们的研究为使用外触诊对活肉鸡木质乳房评分的可靠性提供了见解。虽然活禽触诊法可获得乳腺评分的一般信息，但由于活禽评分可变化，因此需要对WB评分进行内部评估，以充分了解肌病的发生率和严重程度。

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引用次数: 0

Interaction of ambient temperature and conditioning temperatures on moisture addition throughout pelleting, the pelleting process, and enzyme activity 在整个制粒过程中，环境温度和调节温度对水分添加、制粒过程和酶活性的相互作用

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100636

A. Renner, E.B. Estanich, E.A. Lynch, K.M. Bowen, L.E. Knarr, T. Waugerman, J.S. Moritz

Thermal processes during steam conditioning and pellet die extrusion aid in pelleting but may degrade exogenous feed enzymes. This study determined how ambient temperature interacts with varying steam conditioning temperatures to influence moisture addition throughout pelleting, the pelleting process, and enzyme activity. A split-plot design was implemented using two whole-plot units (Ambient Temperature: -1 and 16°C) and three sub-plot units (Conditioning Temperature: 66, 74, and 82°C). Corn and soybean-based mash feed was within 5°C for all treatments before conditioning and contained a commercial phytase and xylanase. Increasing conditioning temperature increased conditioned mash and hot pellet moisture content, regardless of ambient temperature (P < 0.05). Pellet production rate was affected by the interaction of ambient and conditioning temperatures (P = 0.0357). Production rate did not change across conditioning temperature at -1°C ambient temperature; however, increased three percent from 74°C to 82°C at 16°C ambient temperature. Pellet mill motor load decreased with increasing conditioning temperature (P = 0.0002) and tended to decrease with 16°C ambient temperature (P = 0.0647). Unlike phytase, xylanase activity decreased in cooled pellets with increasing conditioning temperature and higher ambient temperature (P < 0.05). Increasing conditioning temperature and 16°C ambient conditions likely produced steam that provided increased lubrication at the pellet die and decreased xylanase activity. Perhaps the steam within our system experienced a Leidenfrost effect or there was less flash-off of moisture within the conditioner during warm ambient temperatures. These data suggest conditioning and ambient temperatures influence steam dynamics, the pelleting process, and nutrition.

蒸汽调节和颗粒模具挤压过程中的热过程有助于颗粒的形成，但可能会降解外源饲料酶。本研究确定了环境温度如何与不同的蒸汽调节温度相互作用，从而影响整个造粒过程中的水分添加、造粒过程和酶活性。采用两个整块单元（环境温度：-1和16°C）和三个子块单元（调节温度：66、74和82°C）进行分块设计。以玉米和大豆为基础的饲料在调质前的所有处理均在5°C以内，并含有一种商用植酸酶和木聚糖酶。与环境温度无关，提高调质温度可提高调质醪和热球团的水分含量（P < 0.05）。环境温度和调理温度的交互作用对制粒率有显著影响（P = 0.0357）。在-1°C的环境温度下，生产速率不随调节温度的变化而变化；然而，在16°C的环境温度下，从74°C增加到82°C增加了3%。随着调质温度的升高，制粒机电机负荷降低（P = 0.0002），当环境温度为16℃时，电机负荷有降低的趋势（P = 0.0647）。与植酸酶不同，木聚糖酶活性随调理温度的升高和环境温度的升高而降低（P < 0.05）。提高调理温度和16°C的环境条件可能会产生蒸汽，从而增加颗粒模具的润滑，降低木聚糖酶活性。也许我们系统中的蒸汽经历了莱顿弗罗斯特效应，或者在温暖的环境温度下，空调内的水分较少闪现。这些数据表明，调节和环境温度影响蒸汽动力学、制粒过程和营养。

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引用次数: 0

Applied research note: Effect of a postbiotic and phytogenic blend on the severity of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) serotype O78 infection in a 10 week layer pullet challenge model 应用研究笔记：在一个10周的蛋鸡攻击模型中，后生物和植物性混合物对禽致病性大肠杆菌（APEC）血清型O78感染严重程度的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100630

W. Evan Chaney , Jennie Baxter , Manuel Da Costa , Vivek A. Kuttappan , Maci Oelschlager , Matthew Jones , Charles Hofacre

Colibacillosis outbreaks caused by Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) remain a burden of risk for the global poultry industry. Recent reports have demonstrated the functionality of postbiotic and phytogenic blends to support poultry health during APEC challenge. This study evaluated the effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation-derived postbiotic and phytogenic blend (SCFP+; Biostrong™ C-Protect, Cedar Rapids, IA) to ameliorate the severity of acute colibacillosis in layer pullets intra-tracheally challenged with APEC serotype O78. Two-hundred-eighteen day-of-age (D0) commercial layer pullets from Hyline were floor reared for 8 weeks in small pens by dietary treatment group (Control Diet or Control Diet with 1.15 lb./ U.S. Ton SCFP+), fed ad libitum until study termination at 10 weeks (W10). Within each group, 26 birds were randomly tagged for bodyweight (BW) measurement at D0, W3, W9 and W10. At W8, birds were placed into individual cages by treatment and randomly assigned one of two APEC O78 challenge doses (10⁸ or 10¹⁰ CFU/bird) administered intratracheally at W9, with final BW, necropsy and lesion scoring at W10 (n=48 birds/dose/treatment). Mean lesion scores for air sacculitis were significantly reduced in birds receiving SCFP+ as compared to the challenge control (0.61 vs. 0.94). SCFP+ numerically improved the cumulative severity score (0.94 vs. 1.42) while observed means were lower for perihepatitis (0.13 vs. 0.18) and pericarditis (0.20 vs. 0.30) lesions. Similarly, observed clinical prevalence ( % of birds with a non-zero lesion score), remained lower for SCFP+ birds, approaching significance for pericarditis. D0, W3 and W9 bodyweights were statistically equivalent, however, observed mean BW gain during acute APEC challenge was numerically higher for SCFP+ birds (+0.07 kg). These data report on a novel APEC pullet challenge model and indicate that SCFP+ could support layer pullet health and development during acute APEC O78 challenge.

由禽致病性大肠杆菌（APEC）引起的大肠杆菌病暴发仍然是全球家禽业的风险负担。最近的报告已经证明了后生物和植物性混合物在APEC挑战期间支持家禽健康的功能。本研究评估了酿酒酵母发酵衍生的后生物和植物混合物（SCFP+; Biostrong™C-Protect, Cedar Rapids， IA）对改善经气管内感染APEC血清型O78的蛋鸡急性大肠杆菌病严重程度的影响。选用Hyline产的218只日龄（D0）商品蛋鸡，在小栏内地板饲养8周，分饲粮处理组（对照饲粮或添加1.15 lb / U.S. - Ton SCFP+的对照饲粮），自由饲喂，直至研究于10周（W10）结束。每组随机选取26只鸡，分别在0、3、9、10岁时进行体重测定。在W8时，通过处理将禽类放入单独的笼子中，并在W9时随机分配两种APEC O78攻毒剂量（108或1010 CFU/只）中的一种，在W10时进行最终体重、尸检和病变评分（n=48只/剂量/治疗）。与攻毒对照组相比，接受SCFP+的鸟类空气囊炎的平均病变评分显著降低（0.61比0.94）。SCFP+在数值上提高了累积严重程度评分（0.94 vs. 1.42），而观察到的周围肝炎（0.13 vs. 0.18）和心包炎（0.20 vs. 0.30）病变的平均值较低。同样，观察到的临床患病率（病变评分非零的鸟类百分比）在SCFP+鸟类中仍然较低，接近心包炎的显著性。D0、W3和W9体重在统计上是相等的，然而，在急性APEC攻击期间观察到的SCFP+鸟的平均体重增加在数值上更高（+0.07 kg）。这些数据报告了一种新的APEC小母鸡挑战模型，并表明SCFP+可以在急性APEC O78挑战期间支持蛋鸡的健康和发育。

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引用次数: 0

Capsulation as a strategy for oral delivery of immunoglobulin Y in broilers challenged with Escherichia coli O78:K80 大肠杆菌O78:K80攻毒肉鸡口服免疫球蛋白Y胶囊策略的研究

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of Applied Poultry Research

Pub Date : 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2025.100632

Bahareh Eskandari , Shaban Rahimi , Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi , Tayebeh Toliyat , Nazanin Soltani , Jesse Grimes

Egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) can be used as an alternative to antibiotics for preventing and treating intestinal pathogenic infections. In the present study, sixty Lohmann-LSL-Lite laying hens were immunized intramuscularly with formaldehyde-killed whole-cell E. coli antigens. Lyophilized antibodies were obtained from eggs and encapsulated with sodium alginate, beta-cyclodextrin/alginate, and methacrylic acid co-polymer (L100–55). A total of 450 day-old ROSS 308 broiler chicks were randomly allocated into six groups (five replicates of 15 birds each) to evaluate the protective effects of IgY. The groups were as follows: Negative control (NC) — unchallenged and unsupplemented; Positive control (PC) — challenged with E. coli O78, unsupplemented; Non-encapsulated IgY (Non-ECIgY) — challenged and given 5 g/kg IgY powder; IgY-eudragit pellet (IgY-EP) — challenged and given 10 g/kg IgY-EP; IgY-beta-cyclodextrin-alginate microcapsules (IgY-βCyD-Alg) — challenged and given 11 g/kg IgY-βCyD-Alg; and IgY-alginate microcapsules (IgY-Alg) — challenged and given 12.5 g/kg IgY-Alg. Dietary supplementation with both encapsulated and non-encapsulated IgY significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) performance and intestinal histology compared to the PC group. However, the improvements (P < 0.05) were more pronounced in the encapsulated IgY group. The total number of E. coli in ceca and liver of birds fed with encapsulated IgY was lower (P < 0.05) than non-encapsulated IgY. Therefore, encapsulated IgY improved the efficacy of IgY against E. coli in broiler chickens because the encapsulation of IgY could protect it from gastrointestinal inactivation and enhance its delivery to the intestines.

卵黄免疫球蛋白Y （IgY）可作为抗生素的替代品，用于预防和治疗肠道致病性感染。本研究以60只Lohmann-LSL-Lite蛋鸡为研究对象，用甲醛灭活的全细胞大肠杆菌抗原进行肌肉免疫。从鸡蛋中获得冻干抗体，并用海藻酸钠、β -环糊精/海藻酸盐和甲基丙烯酸共聚物（L100-55）包被。选取450只日龄ROSS 308肉仔鸡，随机分为6组（5个重复，每组15只鸡），评价卵黄素的保护作用。各组分为：阴性对照(NC) -未挑战和未补充；阳性对照（PC）——用大肠杆菌O78攻毒，未补充；非封装IgY (Non-ECIgY) -挑战并给予5 g/kg IgY粉末；igy - euragit颗粒(IgY-EP) -激发并给予10 g/kg IgY-EP；IgY-β -环糊精-海藻酸盐微胶囊(IgY-β cyd -alg) -激发并给予11 g/kg IgY-β cyd -alg；海藻酸卵磷脂微胶囊(IgY-Alg) -攻毒，12.5 g/kg IgY-Alg。与PC组相比，饲粮中添加荚膜IgY和未荚膜IgY均显著提高了生产性能和肠道组织学（P < 0.05）。然而，IgY包封组的改善更为明显（P < 0.05）。饲喂IgY胶囊的雏鸟盲肠和肝脏中大肠杆菌总数低于未饲喂IgY胶囊的雏鸟（P < 0.05）。因此，IgY包封可以提高IgY对肉仔鸡大肠杆菌的抑制作用，这是因为IgY包封可以防止其在胃肠道失活，并促进其向肠道的传递。

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引用次数: 0