Yugeshwari R. Tiwade, N. Bankar, Vaishnavi Mishra, Anita Sajjanar
Over the past few years, medical artificial intelligence (AI) has been extensively utilized within the healthcare industry. However, the deployment of AI raises complicated social and ethical issues related to security, privacy, and human rights. While the use of artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve healthcare outcomes and operational efficiency, this article gives a detailed assessment of current cutting-edge AI breakthroughs in clinical laboratories. It focuses on the potential benefits of AI and its application in clinical laboratory. The use of AI in clinical laboratory is rapidly growing, with the potential to alter patient care in the near future. Furthermore, it has the potential to democratize modern laboratory services, making them available to people all around the world.
{"title":"Review of the potential benefits and challenges of artificial intelligence in clinical laboratory","authors":"Yugeshwari R. Tiwade, N. Bankar, Vaishnavi Mishra, Anita Sajjanar","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230119","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, medical artificial intelligence (AI) has been extensively utilized within the healthcare industry. However, the deployment of AI raises complicated social and ethical issues related to security, privacy, and human rights. While the use of artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to improve healthcare outcomes and operational efficiency, this article gives a detailed assessment of current cutting-edge AI breakthroughs in clinical laboratories. It focuses on the potential benefits of AI and its application in clinical laboratory. The use of AI in clinical laboratory is rapidly growing, with the potential to alter patient care in the near future. Furthermore, it has the potential to democratize modern laboratory services, making them available to people all around the world.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139867467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alaa Atef, Mostafa M. Abo Elsoud, H. Elkhouly, N. Sidkey
BACKGROUND: Biosurfactants are surfactants derived from several types of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and fungi as membrane components or secondary metabolites. OBJECTIVE: To increase BS productivity as a biocompatible, low-toxic substitute for chemical surfactants employed in modern industry and the huge variety of applications they are used in. METHODS: Different media were used in isolation of the biosurfactant BS producers. The most potent bacterial isolate was analysed by 16S-rRNA. Plackett Burman and Box-Behnken Designs were used for optimization conditions. BS was purified by and characterized. RESULTS: Only one strain demonstrated great BS productivity, excellent emulsifying capability (54.5±0.1%) and oil spreading activity which analysed as Bacillus cereus AHMNAZ1 with accession number OP714421.1. The BS was lipopeptide in nature, identified as a surfactin which was stable and has Critical Micelle Concentration of 60 mg/L. Isolated surfactin showed excellent activity against Colon Carcinoma and Breast Carcinoma cell lines and can be used as antimicrobial agent. CONCLUSION: The study found a cheaper way of creating biosurfactants from agro-industrial wastes, delivering a twofold benefit of lowering environmental pollution and manufacturing useful biotechnological products (biosurfactants) with high activity and thermostability. Moreover, it can be used for the bioremediation of oil-polluted soils and in medical fields.
{"title":"Surfactin production from Bacillus cereus AHMNAZ1 and its potential applications","authors":"Alaa Atef, Mostafa M. Abo Elsoud, H. Elkhouly, N. Sidkey","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230122","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Biosurfactants are surfactants derived from several types of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and fungi as membrane components or secondary metabolites. OBJECTIVE: To increase BS productivity as a biocompatible, low-toxic substitute for chemical surfactants employed in modern industry and the huge variety of applications they are used in. METHODS: Different media were used in isolation of the biosurfactant BS producers. The most potent bacterial isolate was analysed by 16S-rRNA. Plackett Burman and Box-Behnken Designs were used for optimization conditions. BS was purified by and characterized. RESULTS: Only one strain demonstrated great BS productivity, excellent emulsifying capability (54.5±0.1%) and oil spreading activity which analysed as Bacillus cereus AHMNAZ1 with accession number OP714421.1. The BS was lipopeptide in nature, identified as a surfactin which was stable and has Critical Micelle Concentration of 60 mg/L. Isolated surfactin showed excellent activity against Colon Carcinoma and Breast Carcinoma cell lines and can be used as antimicrobial agent. CONCLUSION: The study found a cheaper way of creating biosurfactants from agro-industrial wastes, delivering a twofold benefit of lowering environmental pollution and manufacturing useful biotechnological products (biosurfactants) with high activity and thermostability. Moreover, it can be used for the bioremediation of oil-polluted soils and in medical fields.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: The thousands of chemicals and compounds found in cigarette smoke, including many free radicals and oxidants, can cause oxidative damage to DNA either directly or by producing reactive oxygen species in cultured cells. This study was carried out to analyze the urinary 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase (OGG1) and 8-Hydroxy-2’ –Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) among cigarette and non-cigarette smokers in South-West, Nigeria. METHODS: Urine samples were collected from 250 cigarette smokers and 200 non-cigarette smokers who live in south-west, Nigeria. Questionnaire was administered first to both cigarette and non-cigarette smokers prior to specimen collection. About 10mls of urine samples were collected from each of the subjects and was used to carry out Oxoguanine Glycosylase and 8-Hydroxyl-2-deoxyguanosine using spectrophotometer at 450 nm wavelength. RESULTS: There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in Urinary 8-OHdG (345.84±90.98 vs 223±68.48) and OGG1 (220.71±59.55 vs 97.20±56.14) of the cigarette smokers when compared with that of non-cigarette smokers. CONCLUSION: On the basis of this study, it has been observed and established that indulging in cigarette smoking can result in oxidative stress and DNA damage.
背景:香烟烟雾中发现的数千种化学物质和化合物，包括许多自由基和氧化剂，可以直接或通过在培养细胞中产生活性氧对DNA造成氧化损伤。本研究分析了尼日利亚西南部吸烟和非吸烟人群尿8-氧鸟嘌呤DNA糖基化酶(OGG1)和8-羟基-2′-脱氧鸟嘌呤(8-OHdG)。方法:收集生活在尼日利亚西南部的250名吸烟者和200名非吸烟者的尿液样本。在采集样本之前，首先对吸烟和不吸烟的人进行问卷调查。每人取尿约10ml，用分光光度计测定氧鸟嘌呤糖基化酶和8-羟基-2-脱氧鸟嘌呤，波长450nm。结果:吸烟组尿8-OHdG(345.84±90.98 vs 223±68.48)、OGG1(220.71±59.55 vs 97.20±56.14)较不吸烟组明显升高(P < 0.05)。结论:在本研究的基础上，我们已经观察并确立了沉迷于吸烟会导致氧化应激和DNA损伤。
{"title":"Oxidative DNA damage estimated by urinary 8-Hydroxy-2’ –Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase (OGG1) in cigarette and non-cigarette smokers in South West Nigeria","authors":"A.B. Ajileye, F.O. Akinbo","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230120","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The thousands of chemicals and compounds found in cigarette smoke, including many free radicals and oxidants, can cause oxidative damage to DNA either directly or by producing reactive oxygen species in cultured cells. This study was carried out to analyze the urinary 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase (OGG1) and 8-Hydroxy-2’ –Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) among cigarette and non-cigarette smokers in South-West, Nigeria. METHODS: Urine samples were collected from 250 cigarette smokers and 200 non-cigarette smokers who live in south-west, Nigeria. Questionnaire was administered first to both cigarette and non-cigarette smokers prior to specimen collection. About 10mls of urine samples were collected from each of the subjects and was used to carry out Oxoguanine Glycosylase and 8-Hydroxyl-2-deoxyguanosine using spectrophotometer at 450 nm wavelength. RESULTS: There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in Urinary 8-OHdG (345.84±90.98 vs 223±68.48) and OGG1 (220.71±59.55 vs 97.20±56.14) of the cigarette smokers when compared with that of non-cigarette smokers. CONCLUSION: On the basis of this study, it has been observed and established that indulging in cigarette smoking can result in oxidative stress and DNA damage.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138614551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akshat Pratap Singh, Mohammad Kamran Shaikh, Anjali Borker, Gulshan R Bandre
The disease lupus, also known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune condition, chronic in nature, that can affect any organ in the body. The immune system of the body becomes hyperactive in lupus, attacking normal tissues and organs such as the skin, skeletal, renal, brain, heart, lungs, and blood. Normally, the immunologic response protects the body against outside susceptibilities. Periods of illness, known as flares, and times of wellness, known as remissions, are characteristics of lupus. Lupus is challenging to diagnose since its symptoms are vastly adherent and often mistaken for those of other illnesses. The presence of complexities in this illness cannot be proven with a single laboratory test. Lupus has no recognised cause or treatment as of yet. However, research is going on to achieve improved health outcomes, and early identification and treatment are essential. Lupus has no recognised cause or treatment as of yet. Early detection and treatment, which can typically reduce a disease’s severity and course, are essential to enhancing health outcomes. NSAIDs, antimalarials, and steroids (including cortisone and others) are widely used to treat lupus. Patients with lupus may also receive cytotoxic chemotherapy comparable to chemotherapy used to treat cancer. Patients with lupus may also receive cytotoxic chemotherapy comparable to chemotherapy used to treat cancer. This well-known and respected resource has a new edition that blends basic and clinical science to present a translational medicine concept. A helpful resource for professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematous patients, SLE serves as a reference for hospital libraries and as a tool for measuring clinical activity for drug development and fundamental research. Beautifully depicted and in full colour throughout Basic science part has been enhanced to let readers concentrate on the most recent molecular medicine techniques and how they affect the expression and treatment of diseases.
{"title":"Genetic advancement in the detection of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)","authors":"Akshat Pratap Singh, Mohammad Kamran Shaikh, Anjali Borker, Gulshan R Bandre","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230121","url":null,"abstract":"The disease lupus, also known as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is an autoimmune condition, chronic in nature, that can affect any organ in the body. The immune system of the body becomes hyperactive in lupus, attacking normal tissues and organs such as the skin, skeletal, renal, brain, heart, lungs, and blood. Normally, the immunologic response protects the body against outside susceptibilities. Periods of illness, known as flares, and times of wellness, known as remissions, are characteristics of lupus. Lupus is challenging to diagnose since its symptoms are vastly adherent and often mistaken for those of other illnesses. The presence of complexities in this illness cannot be proven with a single laboratory test. Lupus has no recognised cause or treatment as of yet. However, research is going on to achieve improved health outcomes, and early identification and treatment are essential. Lupus has no recognised cause or treatment as of yet. Early detection and treatment, which can typically reduce a disease’s severity and course, are essential to enhancing health outcomes. NSAIDs, antimalarials, and steroids (including cortisone and others) are widely used to treat lupus. Patients with lupus may also receive cytotoxic chemotherapy comparable to chemotherapy used to treat cancer. Patients with lupus may also receive cytotoxic chemotherapy comparable to chemotherapy used to treat cancer. This well-known and respected resource has a new edition that blends basic and clinical science to present a translational medicine concept. A helpful resource for professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematous patients, SLE serves as a reference for hospital libraries and as a tool for measuring clinical activity for drug development and fundamental research. Beautifully depicted and in full colour throughout Basic science part has been enhanced to let readers concentrate on the most recent molecular medicine techniques and how they affect the expression and treatment of diseases.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivani Sachdeva, Amit Mani, H. Saluja, R. Kunkulol, Navid Mohammadi, Deepak Abhaya
BACKGROUND: Oral cavity ecosystem represents a dynamic pattern. Scaling and root planing (SRP) is the gold standard approach for treatment of chronic periodontitis but used alone it may not be effective in removing periodontal pathogens from sites where access is poor. Although chlorhexidine is the most effective mouthwash against oral microorganisms, the side effects of long- term use suggest the need for an alternative. Hence, this study has been undertaken to know effectiveness of silver nanoparticle mouthwash with chlorhexidine mouthwash which is effective on common microorganisms of oral cavity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the clinical and biochemical outcome of chlorhexidine (CHX) and silver nanoparticle as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Ninety- two patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis from the Dept. of Periodontology who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the study. In the experimental clinical trial, the clinical parameters likewise; Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were assessed. The volumetric analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels were assessed at baseline and follow up visits. The IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software, v. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA), was used. The data was numerically coded and entered into the program. Both the descriptive statistics and the inferential statistics were analyzed to compare the responses between the groups. RESULTS: The statistical analysis was carried out by descriptive as well as inferential statistics and both groups demonstrated significant intragroup reduction in PI, GI, PPD, CAL, GCF from baseline to 3 months follow-up. There were statistically significant intragroup differences between both the groups for all of the parameters. CONCLUSION: Silver nanoparticle mouthwash can be an alternative adjunct for non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis. Results of this study indicated that both the mouth rinse demonstrated an equal range of effectiveness. These conclusions were supported by the clinical parameters and biochemical outcomes.
背景:口腔生态系统是一个动态格局。除垢和牙根刨平(SRP)是治疗慢性牙周炎的金标准方法，但单独使用它可能无法有效地从难以进入的部位清除牙周病原体。虽然氯己定是对抗口腔微生物最有效的漱口水，但长期使用的副作用表明需要另一种漱口水。因此，本研究旨在了解纳米银漱口水与氯己定漱口水对口腔常见微生物的有效性。目的:评价和比较氯己定(CHX)和纳米银颗粒辅助刮治和根规划(SRP)治疗慢性牙周炎患者的临床和生化结果。方法:从牙周病科招募92例符合纳入和排除标准的广泛性中重度慢性牙周炎患者进行研究。在实验性临床试验中，临床参数也同样如此;评估菌斑指数(PI)、牙龈指数(GI)、探诊深度(PD)、临床附着损失(CAL)。在基线和随访时评估牙龈沟液(GCF)水平的容量分析。使用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows软件，v. 20.0 (IBM Corp.， Armonk, USA)。数据被数字编码并输入到程序中。采用描述性统计和推断性统计比较两组间的反应。结果:采用描述性统计和推断性统计进行统计分析，两组患者PI、GI、PPD、CAL、GCF从基线到随访3个月均有组内显著降低。两组间所有参数的组内差异均有统计学意义。结论:纳米银漱口水可作为慢性牙周炎非手术治疗的辅助手段。这项研究的结果表明，这两种漱口水显示出相同的有效性范围。这些结论得到了临床指标和生化指标的支持。
{"title":"Evaluation of the clinical parameters and volumetric analysis of gingival crevicular fluid for chlohexidine vying silver nanoparticle mouthwash the avant garde for chronic periodontitis","authors":"Shivani Sachdeva, Amit Mani, H. Saluja, R. Kunkulol, Navid Mohammadi, Deepak Abhaya","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230116","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Oral cavity ecosystem represents a dynamic pattern. Scaling and root planing (SRP) is the gold standard approach for treatment of chronic periodontitis but used alone it may not be effective in removing periodontal pathogens from sites where access is poor. Although chlorhexidine is the most effective mouthwash against oral microorganisms, the side effects of long- term use suggest the need for an alternative. Hence, this study has been undertaken to know effectiveness of silver nanoparticle mouthwash with chlorhexidine mouthwash which is effective on common microorganisms of oral cavity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the clinical and biochemical outcome of chlorhexidine (CHX) and silver nanoparticle as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Ninety- two patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis from the Dept. of Periodontology who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited for the study. In the experimental clinical trial, the clinical parameters likewise; Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) were assessed. The volumetric analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels were assessed at baseline and follow up visits. The IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software, v. 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA), was used. The data was numerically coded and entered into the program. Both the descriptive statistics and the inferential statistics were analyzed to compare the responses between the groups. RESULTS: The statistical analysis was carried out by descriptive as well as inferential statistics and both groups demonstrated significant intragroup reduction in PI, GI, PPD, CAL, GCF from baseline to 3 months follow-up. There were statistically significant intragroup differences between both the groups for all of the parameters. CONCLUSION: Silver nanoparticle mouthwash can be an alternative adjunct for non-surgical periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis. Results of this study indicated that both the mouth rinse demonstrated an equal range of effectiveness. These conclusions were supported by the clinical parameters and biochemical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47194704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vaishnavi Mishra, Sarita Ugemuge, Yugeshwari R. Tiwade
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a computer’s capacity to carry out operations like speech and image recognition and decision-making that ordinarily require human intelligence. Healthcare is using AI to automate tasks such as medical image analysis and diagnosis that require high precision and accuracy. The healthcare industry is significantly impacted by the rapid development of machine learning algorithms, which are frequently implemented using deep learning, as well as the growth of digital data and computing power supported by improvements in hardware technologies. Significant progress has been made in the field of artificial intelligence in recent years and is now widely used in healthcare to automate a variety of tasks, which require a high degree of accuracy and precision. The creation of machine learning algorithms, which can learn from data and make predictions based on that learning, has made it possible to use AI in healthcare. Neural networks are used in deep learning, a subfield of machine learning, to simulate how the human brain functions. Crucial advances have been made in clinical decision support, drug discovery, and medical imaging. Furthermore, the rapid development of hardware technologies, such as graphics processing units, has allowed AI systems to process enormous amounts of data quickly and accurately. Due to this, AI-based tools and platforms can help healthcare professionals with tasks such as patient monitoring, disease diagnosis, and treatment planning.
{"title":"Artificial intelligence changing the future of healthcare diagnostics","authors":"Vaishnavi Mishra, Sarita Ugemuge, Yugeshwari R. Tiwade","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230118","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is a computer’s capacity to carry out operations like speech and image recognition and decision-making that ordinarily require human intelligence. Healthcare is using AI to automate tasks such as medical image analysis and diagnosis that require high precision and accuracy. The healthcare industry is significantly impacted by the rapid development of machine learning algorithms, which are frequently implemented using deep learning, as well as the growth of digital data and computing power supported by improvements in hardware technologies. Significant progress has been made in the field of artificial intelligence in recent years and is now widely used in healthcare to automate a variety of tasks, which require a high degree of accuracy and precision. The creation of machine learning algorithms, which can learn from data and make predictions based on that learning, has made it possible to use AI in healthcare. Neural networks are used in deep learning, a subfield of machine learning, to simulate how the human brain functions. Crucial advances have been made in clinical decision support, drug discovery, and medical imaging. Furthermore, the rapid development of hardware technologies, such as graphics processing units, has allowed AI systems to process enormous amounts of data quickly and accurately. Due to this, AI-based tools and platforms can help healthcare professionals with tasks such as patient monitoring, disease diagnosis, and treatment planning.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44009742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Kohale, Anupama V Dhobale, N. Bankar, Obaid Noman, Kajal Hatgaonkar, Vaishnavi Mishra
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an invaluable technique in pathology that allows for the localization and characterization of specific antigens within tissues using specific antibodies. Over the years, IHC has revolutionized the field of diagnostic pathology, providing critical information about the molecular and cellular composition of tissues. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an overview of the principles, methodologies, applications, and challenges of IHC in pathology. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a vital technique in pathology that allows for the detection and visualization of specific antigens within tissue samples. This article provides an overview of the principles, methodology, and applications of IHC in pathology. The principles of immunoreactivity, antibody selection, and detection methods are discussed, highlighting their importance in achieving accurate and reliable results. The methodology of IHC, including tissue preparation, antigen retrieval, and visualization techniques, is outlined to guide researchers and pathologists in implementing the technique effectively. The article also explores the role of antibodies in IHC, emphasizing the differences between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, as well as the significance of antibody validation and quality control. The applications of IHC in pathology are described, ranging from tumor classification and prognostic assessments to the detection of infectious agents and the characterization of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the article examines advancements and challenges in IHC, such as multiplex staining, digital pathology, quality control, and interpretation. Finally, emerging techniques, including the integration of next-generation sequencing and artificial intelligence, are discussed as future perspectives for IHC. Overall, this comprehensive overview demonstrates the indispensable role of IHC in pathology and its continuous evolution to meet the ever-expanding needs of diagnostic and research endeavors.
{"title":"Immunohistochemistry in pathology: A review","authors":"M. Kohale, Anupama V Dhobale, N. Bankar, Obaid Noman, Kajal Hatgaonkar, Vaishnavi Mishra","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230110","url":null,"abstract":"Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an invaluable technique in pathology that allows for the localization and characterization of specific antigens within tissues using specific antibodies. Over the years, IHC has revolutionized the field of diagnostic pathology, providing critical information about the molecular and cellular composition of tissues. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an overview of the principles, methodologies, applications, and challenges of IHC in pathology. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a vital technique in pathology that allows for the detection and visualization of specific antigens within tissue samples. This article provides an overview of the principles, methodology, and applications of IHC in pathology. The principles of immunoreactivity, antibody selection, and detection methods are discussed, highlighting their importance in achieving accurate and reliable results. The methodology of IHC, including tissue preparation, antigen retrieval, and visualization techniques, is outlined to guide researchers and pathologists in implementing the technique effectively. The article also explores the role of antibodies in IHC, emphasizing the differences between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, as well as the significance of antibody validation and quality control. The applications of IHC in pathology are described, ranging from tumor classification and prognostic assessments to the detection of infectious agents and the characterization of autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, the article examines advancements and challenges in IHC, such as multiplex staining, digital pathology, quality control, and interpretation. Finally, emerging techniques, including the integration of next-generation sequencing and artificial intelligence, are discussed as future perspectives for IHC. Overall, this comprehensive overview demonstrates the indispensable role of IHC in pathology and its continuous evolution to meet the ever-expanding needs of diagnostic and research endeavors.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42076090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Muravyov, A. Priezzhev, I. Tikhomirova, A. Lugovtsov, P. V. Mikhailov
BACKGROUND: Vascular resistance, and therefore blood pressure (BP), depends on vascular and rheological factors. Microrheological characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) can affect blood viscosity (BV) and thus be included in the pathogenesis of increased blood pressure in arterial hypertension (AH). Signaling molecules such as gasotransmitters (NO, CO and H2S) regulate vascular tone and RBC microrheological characteristics and thus affect blood pressure and tissue perfusion. OBJECTIVE: It was evaluated the changes in the macro- and microrheological characteristics of blood and red blood cells (RBCs) under arterial hypertension in persons with and without COVID-19, as well as the protective effect of NO and H2S donors on the RBC microrheological properties. METHODS: Hemorheological profile parameters were recorded in group 1 individuals (n = 18, 9 women and 9 men) without a history of COVID-19; group 2 (n = 16; 11 females and 5 males), hypertensive patients who had COVID-19. As a control, there was a group of healthy individuals (group 3 n = 22). In experiments with red blood cells (RBCs) and their recovered ghosts (filled with an isotonic solution of known viscosity), deformability (RBCD) and aggregation (RBCA) were recorded after incubation of cells with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100μM) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 100μM). RESULTS: In patients with AH in both groups, the main parameters of the hemorheological profile were negatively changed, including a decrease in RBCD and an increase in BV, plasma viscosity (PV) and RBCA. SNP and NaHS significantly increased deformability and reduced their aggregation (p < 0.01). However, in healthy individuals, microrheological responses to GT donors (100μM) were more pronounced than in patients with AH, especially in the AH+COVID-19 group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both gasotransmitter donors (NO and H2S) have a positive effect on the RBC microrheological characteristics in healthy and sick individuals. However in hypertensive patients, especially those who had COVID-19, microrheological responses to GT donors were significantly lower. Therefore, on the model of red cell microrheological responses, as on a test object, it is possible to determine the decrease in the sensitivity of cells and tissues to the regulatory action of gasotransmitters.
{"title":"Hemorrheological changes in arterial hypertension in persons with and without COVID-19","authors":"A. Muravyov, A. Priezzhev, I. Tikhomirova, A. Lugovtsov, P. V. Mikhailov","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230113","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Vascular resistance, and therefore blood pressure (BP), depends on vascular and rheological factors. Microrheological characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) can affect blood viscosity (BV) and thus be included in the pathogenesis of increased blood pressure in arterial hypertension (AH). Signaling molecules such as gasotransmitters (NO, CO and H2S) regulate vascular tone and RBC microrheological characteristics and thus affect blood pressure and tissue perfusion. OBJECTIVE: It was evaluated the changes in the macro- and microrheological characteristics of blood and red blood cells (RBCs) under arterial hypertension in persons with and without COVID-19, as well as the protective effect of NO and H2S donors on the RBC microrheological properties. METHODS: Hemorheological profile parameters were recorded in group 1 individuals (n = 18, 9 women and 9 men) without a history of COVID-19; group 2 (n = 16; 11 females and 5 males), hypertensive patients who had COVID-19. As a control, there was a group of healthy individuals (group 3 n = 22). In experiments with red blood cells (RBCs) and their recovered ghosts (filled with an isotonic solution of known viscosity), deformability (RBCD) and aggregation (RBCA) were recorded after incubation of cells with sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100μM) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 100μM). RESULTS: In patients with AH in both groups, the main parameters of the hemorheological profile were negatively changed, including a decrease in RBCD and an increase in BV, plasma viscosity (PV) and RBCA. SNP and NaHS significantly increased deformability and reduced their aggregation (p < 0.01). However, in healthy individuals, microrheological responses to GT donors (100μM) were more pronounced than in patients with AH, especially in the AH+COVID-19 group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both gasotransmitter donors (NO and H2S) have a positive effect on the RBC microrheological characteristics in healthy and sick individuals. However in hypertensive patients, especially those who had COVID-19, microrheological responses to GT donors were significantly lower. Therefore, on the model of red cell microrheological responses, as on a test object, it is possible to determine the decrease in the sensitivity of cells and tissues to the regulatory action of gasotransmitters.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49556213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shivani Sachdeva, Amit Mani, H. Saluja, A. Chatterjee
OBJECTIVE: The therapeutic application of ozone and its derivatives in the dental field has been used for many purposes. However, there has yet to be a consistent evaluation of the outcomes, due to the lack of standardization of the treatment operating procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The keywords “ozone”, “ozonated”, “ozonation” “ozonized”, “ozonization”, “dentistry”, “periodontology”, “oral surgery”, “oxygen-ozone therapy” was used to perform a literature review using PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar databases with the temporal restriction for manuscripts published between 2000 and 2020. Clinical trials and case reports of good, neutral, as well as negative results related to ozone treatment specifications were evaluated. DISCUSSION: A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of this bio-oxidative therapy could open new horizons related to the personalization of treatments and the quality of dental care. The critical condition to achieve these goals is an improved knowledge of the qualitative/quantitative characteristics of ozone and its derivatives. CONCLUSION: Considering the advantages of the ozone therapy in both gingivitis and periodontitis over gold standard chlorhexidine can help to build up a ladder of its use topically.
{"title":"Ozonized hydrogels for clinical and domiciliary management in periodontal regenerative therapy an annotation","authors":"Shivani Sachdeva, Amit Mani, H. Saluja, A. Chatterjee","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230101","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The therapeutic application of ozone and its derivatives in the dental field has been used for many purposes. However, there has yet to be a consistent evaluation of the outcomes, due to the lack of standardization of the treatment operating procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The keywords “ozone”, “ozonated”, “ozonation” “ozonized”, “ozonization”, “dentistry”, “periodontology”, “oral surgery”, “oxygen-ozone therapy” was used to perform a literature review using PubMed, Cochrane, Google Scholar databases with the temporal restriction for manuscripts published between 2000 and 2020. Clinical trials and case reports of good, neutral, as well as negative results related to ozone treatment specifications were evaluated. DISCUSSION: A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of this bio-oxidative therapy could open new horizons related to the personalization of treatments and the quality of dental care. The critical condition to achieve these goals is an improved knowledge of the qualitative/quantitative characteristics of ozone and its derivatives. CONCLUSION: Considering the advantages of the ozone therapy in both gingivitis and periodontitis over gold standard chlorhexidine can help to build up a ladder of its use topically.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41527389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder that results in tissue destruction when there are too many germs present or when the host’s normal inflammatory response is disrupted. The fight against periodontal regeneration is a titanic one. Tissue engineering was suggested by Langer and colleagues as a potential method for replacing the missing periodontal tissues. The development of functional and long-lasting periodontal tissues will take the role of sick tissues thanks to the science of tissue engineering, which combines engineering and the life sciences. Tissue engineering is an emerging specialisation in the realm of medical health and sciences. It is advancing, spreading its wings over numerous facets of molecular biology, physiology, surgery, regeneration, and molecular medicine. Cell biologists, molecular biologists, biomaterial engineers, experts in microscopic imaging, robotics engineers, computer-assisted designers, and developers of equipment such as bioreactors, where tissues are grown and nurtured, are just a few of the medical and technical specialties that make up the field. Finally, legal advisors and marketing research specialists (product development, and medical implementation) are also involved in the practical process of tissue engineering. New biological organs will be created in the future using engineering and biological techniques.
{"title":"Tissue engineering in periodontal regeneration: A future paradigm in inflammatory disorder","authors":"Shivani Sachdeva, H. Saluja, Amit Mani","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230099","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder that results in tissue destruction when there are too many germs present or when the host’s normal inflammatory response is disrupted. The fight against periodontal regeneration is a titanic one. Tissue engineering was suggested by Langer and colleagues as a potential method for replacing the missing periodontal tissues. The development of functional and long-lasting periodontal tissues will take the role of sick tissues thanks to the science of tissue engineering, which combines engineering and the life sciences. Tissue engineering is an emerging specialisation in the realm of medical health and sciences. It is advancing, spreading its wings over numerous facets of molecular biology, physiology, surgery, regeneration, and molecular medicine. Cell biologists, molecular biologists, biomaterial engineers, experts in microscopic imaging, robotics engineers, computer-assisted designers, and developers of equipment such as bioreactors, where tissues are grown and nurtured, are just a few of the medical and technical specialties that make up the field. Finally, legal advisors and marketing research specialists (product development, and medical implementation) are also involved in the practical process of tissue engineering. New biological organs will be created in the future using engineering and biological techniques.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46969552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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