This review summarizes current knowledge of the hydrogen sulfide role in cardiovascular system, the proposed mechanisms of its action and the prospects for its applicability in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Hydrogen sulfide was recently recognized as gasotransmitter –simple signaling molecule which freely penetrates the cell membrane and regulates a number of biological functions. In humans endogenous H2S is generated via enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways and its content varies in different tissues and is strictly regulated. In cardiovascular system H2S is produced by myocardial, vascular and blood cells and regulates a number of vital functions. Numerous experimental data prove that endogenously generated as well as exogenously administered H2S exerts a wide range of actions in cardiovascular system, including vasodilator/vasoconstrictor effects, regulation of blood pressure, pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in the vascular smooth muscle cells, influence on angiogenesis and erythropoiesis, myocardial cytoprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxygen sensing, inhibition of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation, modification of erythrocyte microrheological properties (aggregability and deformability). Understanding of molecular mechanisms of H2S action and molecular crosstalk between H2S, NO, and CO is essential for the development of its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
{"title":"Hydrogen sulfide in the cardiovascular system: A small molecule with promising therapeutic potential","authors":"Irina Tikhomirova, Alexei Muravyov","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230098","url":null,"abstract":"This review summarizes current knowledge of the hydrogen sulfide role in cardiovascular system, the proposed mechanisms of its action and the prospects for its applicability in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Hydrogen sulfide was recently recognized as gasotransmitter –simple signaling molecule which freely penetrates the cell membrane and regulates a number of biological functions. In humans endogenous H2S is generated via enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways and its content varies in different tissues and is strictly regulated. In cardiovascular system H2S is produced by myocardial, vascular and blood cells and regulates a number of vital functions. Numerous experimental data prove that endogenously generated as well as exogenously administered H2S exerts a wide range of actions in cardiovascular system, including vasodilator/vasoconstrictor effects, regulation of blood pressure, pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in the vascular smooth muscle cells, influence on angiogenesis and erythropoiesis, myocardial cytoprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxygen sensing, inhibition of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation, modification of erythrocyte microrheological properties (aggregability and deformability). Understanding of molecular mechanisms of H2S action and molecular crosstalk between H2S, NO, and CO is essential for the development of its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136231010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shramana M. Banerjee, H.N. Abhishek, Priyanka Gupta, Abhishek Pravin Patel, Krishan Kant, A. Shetti
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various fields of medicine, and anesthesia is no exception. AI in anesthesia is not only streamlining the work of anesthesiologists but also improving patient outcomes. The integration of biotechnology and AI has created opportunities for personalized care in anesthesia, with the aim of optimizing patient outcomes. The use of biotechnology in conjunction with AI has further expanded the possibilities in anesthesia care. Biotechnology tools such as genomics and proteomics can provide insights into individual patient responses to anesthesia drugs, enabling personalized drug dosing and reducing the risk of adverse events. Similarly, the use of biosensors and wearable devices can provide continuous monitoring of vital signs and other physiological parameters, allowing for real-time adjustments to anesthesia care. In future the integration of AI and biotechnology in anesthesia care has the potential to transform the field of anesthesia and improve patient outcomes. The development of personalized care plans and the early identification of at-risk patients can lead to a safer and more efficient anesthesia experience for patients.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in anesthesia: Biotechnology applications for optimal patient outcomes","authors":"Shramana M. Banerjee, H.N. Abhishek, Priyanka Gupta, Abhishek Pravin Patel, Krishan Kant, A. Shetti","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230092","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various fields of medicine, and anesthesia is no exception. AI in anesthesia is not only streamlining the work of anesthesiologists but also improving patient outcomes. The integration of biotechnology and AI has created opportunities for personalized care in anesthesia, with the aim of optimizing patient outcomes. The use of biotechnology in conjunction with AI has further expanded the possibilities in anesthesia care. Biotechnology tools such as genomics and proteomics can provide insights into individual patient responses to anesthesia drugs, enabling personalized drug dosing and reducing the risk of adverse events. Similarly, the use of biosensors and wearable devices can provide continuous monitoring of vital signs and other physiological parameters, allowing for real-time adjustments to anesthesia care. In future the integration of AI and biotechnology in anesthesia care has the potential to transform the field of anesthesia and improve patient outcomes. The development of personalized care plans and the early identification of at-risk patients can lead to a safer and more efficient anesthesia experience for patients.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45076074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kale, A. Mani, S. Gurha, H.N. Abhishek, Krishan Kant, Rachita G Mustilwar
Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response that can occur in various medical conditions, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. It is characterized by a massive release of cytokines, leading to widespread inflammation and tissue damage. Clinical manifestations of cytokine storm include fever, hypotension, respiratory distress, and organ dysfunction. Laboratory findings typically show elevated levels of inflammatory markers and cytokines. The treatment of cytokine storm depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, but commonly involves immunosuppressive therapy, cytokine inhibitors, supportive care, plasma exchange, and other therapies. Early recognition and management are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Several cytokine inhibitors have been used in the treatment of cytokine storm, including tocilizumab, anakinra, emapalumab, sarilumab, and baricitinib. However, the use of cytokine inhibitors should be individualized based on the underlying condition and potential side effects. Further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of cytokine storm and develop more effective treatment strategies.
{"title":"Cytokine storm: When the immune system goes into overdrive","authors":"P. Kale, A. Mani, S. Gurha, H.N. Abhishek, Krishan Kant, Rachita G Mustilwar","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230091","url":null,"abstract":"Cytokine storm is an excessive immune response that can occur in various medical conditions, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. It is characterized by a massive release of cytokines, leading to widespread inflammation and tissue damage. Clinical manifestations of cytokine storm include fever, hypotension, respiratory distress, and organ dysfunction. Laboratory findings typically show elevated levels of inflammatory markers and cytokines. The treatment of cytokine storm depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition, but commonly involves immunosuppressive therapy, cytokine inhibitors, supportive care, plasma exchange, and other therapies. Early recognition and management are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Several cytokine inhibitors have been used in the treatment of cytokine storm, including tocilizumab, anakinra, emapalumab, sarilumab, and baricitinib. However, the use of cytokine inhibitors should be individualized based on the underlying condition and potential side effects. Further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology of cytokine storm and develop more effective treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48433073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deepti Raghunath Musmade, Viddyasagar Mopagar, Vishwavijet Mopagar, S. Joshi, Amit Padmai, G. Pendyala, P. Sonawane, N. Rathi
BACKGROUND: Tooth avulsion clinically presents as complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar socket and it is one of the most severe forms of dental trauma leading to compromised neurovascular supply, loss of periodontal ligament and pulp necrosis. Storing of avulsed tooth in appropriate storage medium to preserve the periodontal cell viability is of prime importance and research to find the appropriate storage media is still on. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea and turmeric as a storage media on periodontal cell viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized study conducted using sixty single rooted human premolars freshly extracted for orthodontic purpose. Selected subjects were divided into three groups of 20 each. Randomization was done by performing simple random sampling; Group A consisted of teeth to be stored in HBSS, Group B included teeth to be stored in Green tea and Group C included teeth to be store in Turmeric. Periodontal cell viability was assessed by using a Neubauer’s chamber under the light microscope after two hours interval. RESULTS: HBSS preserved significantly higher number of viable PDL cells than any other storage solutions. Green tea extract showed better cell viability in comparison with turmeric. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that HBSS and green tea effectively maintains the viability of PDL for two hours. Turmeric is less effective in preserving the PDL cell viability within the study time interval.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of the viability of periodontal ligaments cells in green tea and turmeric as storage media – An ex vivo study","authors":"Deepti Raghunath Musmade, Viddyasagar Mopagar, Vishwavijet Mopagar, S. Joshi, Amit Padmai, G. Pendyala, P. Sonawane, N. Rathi","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230089","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Tooth avulsion clinically presents as complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar socket and it is one of the most severe forms of dental trauma leading to compromised neurovascular supply, loss of periodontal ligament and pulp necrosis. Storing of avulsed tooth in appropriate storage medium to preserve the periodontal cell viability is of prime importance and research to find the appropriate storage media is still on. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of green tea and turmeric as a storage media on periodontal cell viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized study conducted using sixty single rooted human premolars freshly extracted for orthodontic purpose. Selected subjects were divided into three groups of 20 each. Randomization was done by performing simple random sampling; Group A consisted of teeth to be stored in HBSS, Group B included teeth to be stored in Green tea and Group C included teeth to be store in Turmeric. Periodontal cell viability was assessed by using a Neubauer’s chamber under the light microscope after two hours interval. RESULTS: HBSS preserved significantly higher number of viable PDL cells than any other storage solutions. Green tea extract showed better cell viability in comparison with turmeric. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that HBSS and green tea effectively maintains the viability of PDL for two hours. Turmeric is less effective in preserving the PDL cell viability within the study time interval.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44388896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kale, AmitMani, Raju Anarthe, Rachita G Mustilwar
Periodontal disease is a common oral health condition that is characterized by chronic inflammation, tissue destruction, and bone loss. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease by recognizing and capturing antigens from bacterial biofilms, initiating and regulating the immune response, promoting inflammation and tissue destruction, and regulating bone resorption. Dysregulation of DC function can lead to excessive inflammation and tissue destruction, which are characteristic features of periodontal disease. However, targeting DCs and their interactions with other immune cells may provide novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of periodontal disease. These approaches may include DC-based vaccines or immunotherapies, inhibition of cytokines and chemokines produced by DCs, and targeting the interactions between DCs and other immune cells. Further research is needed to better understand the complex interactions between DCs and other immune cells in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and to develop effective and safe therapeutic strategies that target DC function. A better understanding of the role of DCs in periodontal disease may lead to the development of new diagnostic tools and treatments for this common and serious oral health condition.
{"title":"Dendritic cells: Pivotal antigen presenting cells in periodontal disease","authors":"P. Kale, AmitMani, Raju Anarthe, Rachita G Mustilwar","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230090","url":null,"abstract":" Periodontal disease is a common oral health condition that is characterized by chronic inflammation, tissue destruction, and bone loss. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease by recognizing and capturing antigens from bacterial biofilms, initiating and regulating the immune response, promoting inflammation and tissue destruction, and regulating bone resorption. Dysregulation of DC function can lead to excessive inflammation and tissue destruction, which are characteristic features of periodontal disease. However, targeting DCs and their interactions with other immune cells may provide novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of periodontal disease. These approaches may include DC-based vaccines or immunotherapies, inhibition of cytokines and chemokines produced by DCs, and targeting the interactions between DCs and other immune cells. Further research is needed to better understand the complex interactions between DCs and other immune cells in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and to develop effective and safe therapeutic strategies that target DC function. A better understanding of the role of DCs in periodontal disease may lead to the development of new diagnostic tools and treatments for this common and serious oral health condition.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45808156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recombinant proteins have long been used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and agricultural industries. These proteins can be produced in hosts such as mammalian cells, bacteria, insect cells, yeast, and plants. However, the demand for recombinant proteins, especially for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, is increasing. Meeting this growing demand on a large scale remains a challenge for many industries. Developing new tools to increase the yield and quality of these proteins is therefore a necessity. Many strategies to optimize protein production in various expression systems have emerged in recent years. This review summarizes the different characteristics of expression systems, as well as the current strategies used to improve the yield of recombinant proteins.
{"title":"Recent strategies to achieve high production yield of recombinant protein: A review","authors":"Cromwel Zemnou Tepap, Jaouad Anissi, Salim Bounou","doi":"10.3233/jcb-220084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-220084","url":null,"abstract":"Recombinant proteins have long been used in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and agricultural industries. These proteins can be produced in hosts such as mammalian cells, bacteria, insect cells, yeast, and plants. However, the demand for recombinant proteins, especially for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, is increasing. Meeting this growing demand on a large scale remains a challenge for many industries. Developing new tools to increase the yield and quality of these proteins is therefore a necessity. Many strategies to optimize protein production in various expression systems have emerged in recent years. This review summarizes the different characteristics of expression systems, as well as the current strategies used to improve the yield of recombinant proteins.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44315129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Jung, P. Waldeck, I. Petrick, M. F. Akinwunmi, S. Braune, F. Jung, J. Küpper
The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis is a well-known source of bioactive substances. Growth and the generation of bioactive ingredients of Arthrospira platensis depend mainly on the quantity of light in a controlled environment. Photoinhibition is a time, nutrient, and light intensity-dependent decrease in photosynthetic efficiency. However, too strong illumination can induce two harmful effects: (1) photoinhibition as a reduction in photosynthetic rate and (2) photooxidation which can have lethal effects on the cells, and which can lead to total loss of the culture. The results of this microscopical study demonstrate, that under the procedures described and very high photon flux den-sities, not only a decrease in the photosynthetic efficiency but beyond, also destruction of Arthrospira platensis can occur.
{"title":"Light-induced changes in the morphology and fluorescence of Arthrospira platensis","authors":"C. Jung, P. Waldeck, I. Petrick, M. F. Akinwunmi, S. Braune, F. Jung, J. Küpper","doi":"10.3233/jcb-239001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-239001","url":null,"abstract":"The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis is a well-known source of bioactive substances. Growth and the generation of bioactive ingredients of Arthrospira platensis depend mainly on the quantity of light in a controlled environment. Photoinhibition is a time, nutrient, and light intensity-dependent decrease in photosynthetic efficiency. However, too strong illumination can induce two harmful effects: (1) photoinhibition as a reduction in photosynthetic rate and (2) photooxidation which can have lethal effects on the cells, and which can lead to total loss of the culture. The results of this microscopical study demonstrate, that under the procedures described and very high photon flux den-sities, not only a decrease in the photosynthetic efficiency but beyond, also destruction of Arthrospira platensis can occur.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46789628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An important indicator of general health, well-being, and quality of life is oral health. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has been discovered to have a number of adverse effects. One of the earliest tissue areas to become infected by the virus and undergo alterations is the oral cavity. Oral manifestations included ulcer, erosion, bulla, vesicle, pustule, fissured or depapillated tongue, macule, papule, plaque, pigmentation, halitosis, white patches, haemorrhagic crust, necrosis, petechiae, swelling, erythema, and spontaneous bleeding. The tongue (38%), labial mucosa (26%), and palate (22%) were the three most typical sites of involvement. Aphthous stomatitis, herpetiform lesions, candidiasis, vasculitis, mucositis, drug eruption, necrotizing periodontal disease, angina bullosa-like, angular cheilitis, atypical sweet syndrome, and Melkerson-Rosenthal syndrome were suggested diagnoses for the lesions. In 68% of instances, oral lesions were symptomatic. There were almost equally as many oral lesions in both sexes (49% female and 51% male). More extensive and severe oral lesions were present in patients who were older and who had COVID-19 diseases that were more severe. The most significant risk factors for the development of oral lesions in COVID-19 patients include poor oral hygiene, opportunistic infections, stress, immunosuppression, vasculitis, and hyper-inflammatory response. It is crucial to identify any changes in the mucosa in COVID-19 patients and administer assertive treatment to prevent complications. Patients should also try to maintain adequate oral hygiene throughout the course of the illness to prevent the colonisation of opportunistic microorganisms and to prevent complications both orally and systemically.
{"title":"Oral manifestations of COVID-19: A review","authors":"Raju Anarthe, Amit Mani, Sejal Saklecha","doi":"10.3233/jcb-220085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-220085","url":null,"abstract":"An important indicator of general health, well-being, and quality of life is oral health. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has been discovered to have a number of adverse effects. One of the earliest tissue areas to become infected by the virus and undergo alterations is the oral cavity. Oral manifestations included ulcer, erosion, bulla, vesicle, pustule, fissured or depapillated tongue, macule, papule, plaque, pigmentation, halitosis, white patches, haemorrhagic crust, necrosis, petechiae, swelling, erythema, and spontaneous bleeding. The tongue (38%), labial mucosa (26%), and palate (22%) were the three most typical sites of involvement. Aphthous stomatitis, herpetiform lesions, candidiasis, vasculitis, mucositis, drug eruption, necrotizing periodontal disease, angina bullosa-like, angular cheilitis, atypical sweet syndrome, and Melkerson-Rosenthal syndrome were suggested diagnoses for the lesions. In 68% of instances, oral lesions were symptomatic. There were almost equally as many oral lesions in both sexes (49% female and 51% male). More extensive and severe oral lesions were present in patients who were older and who had COVID-19 diseases that were more severe. The most significant risk factors for the development of oral lesions in COVID-19 patients include poor oral hygiene, opportunistic infections, stress, immunosuppression, vasculitis, and hyper-inflammatory response. It is crucial to identify any changes in the mucosa in COVID-19 patients and administer assertive treatment to prevent complications. Patients should also try to maintain adequate oral hygiene throughout the course of the illness to prevent the colonisation of opportunistic microorganisms and to prevent complications both orally and systemically.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47230343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gulshan R Bandre, N. Bankar, Jagadish Makade, Dattu V Hawale
Bacteria may develop antibiotic resistance due to unintentional DNA alterations that give them a survival advantage. Bacteria may develop antibiotic resistance due to unintentional DNA alterations that give them a survival advantage. Finding genetic changes and understanding how they enable bacteria to withstand antibiotic attacks will be crucial to our ability to develop new medications to combat them.
{"title":"Bacteria evade antibiotics with silent mutations to survive","authors":"Gulshan R Bandre, N. Bankar, Jagadish Makade, Dattu V Hawale","doi":"10.3233/jcb-230086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-230086","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria may develop antibiotic resistance due to unintentional DNA alterations that give them a survival advantage. Bacteria may develop antibiotic resistance due to unintentional DNA alterations that give them a survival advantage. Finding genetic changes and understanding how they enable bacteria to withstand antibiotic attacks will be crucial to our ability to develop new medications to combat them.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45197499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabiola Lopez Avila, Sophie Stürmer, A. Monteleone, Dave Neely, B. Kuhajda, A. George, Martin Knoll, Weronika Schary, A. Fath
BACKGROUND, Different preservation media used on fish samples may influence the digestion of organic matter for microplastic (MP) particle detection. Comparison of fresh and conserved fish is thereby problematic. OBJECTIVE, For quality assurance purposes and comparability of MP research, a method for digestion of preserved tissue like intestine with little impact on most MP particles was implemented. METHODS, Conserved fish samples were digested using SDS, KOH and Fenton’s reagents. The effect of the different chemicals used on different MP particles was then analyzed using Raman hit quality. Therefore, different filter materials were investigated using PMMA particles. RESULTS, Moist grided nitrocellulose filter was found best suited for this study. The effects of this digestion protocol on different polymer particles differed among polymers. Two of the used polymer particles dissolved during SDS + KOH treatment. PVC hard showed the highest loss of Raman hit quality (29.5 %). Some fish showed residues of sand or chitin from insects depending on their feeding strategy which could not be digested using this protocol. CONCLUSION, Not every polymer could be detected reliably using this protocol. For residues like sand or chitin, a density separation and enzymatic chitin degradation using chitinase may be needed, which could be implemented into this protocol.
{"title":"Digestion of preserved and unpreserved fish intestines for microplastic analysis with emphasis on quality assurance","authors":"Fabiola Lopez Avila, Sophie Stürmer, A. Monteleone, Dave Neely, B. Kuhajda, A. George, Martin Knoll, Weronika Schary, A. Fath","doi":"10.3233/jcb-220076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/jcb-220076","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND, Different preservation media used on fish samples may influence the digestion of organic matter for microplastic (MP) particle detection. Comparison of fresh and conserved fish is thereby problematic. OBJECTIVE, For quality assurance purposes and comparability of MP research, a method for digestion of preserved tissue like intestine with little impact on most MP particles was implemented. METHODS, Conserved fish samples were digested using SDS, KOH and Fenton’s reagents. The effect of the different chemicals used on different MP particles was then analyzed using Raman hit quality. Therefore, different filter materials were investigated using PMMA particles. RESULTS, Moist grided nitrocellulose filter was found best suited for this study. The effects of this digestion protocol on different polymer particles differed among polymers. Two of the used polymer particles dissolved during SDS + KOH treatment. PVC hard showed the highest loss of Raman hit quality (29.5 %). Some fish showed residues of sand or chitin from insects depending on their feeding strategy which could not be digested using this protocol. CONCLUSION, Not every polymer could be detected reliably using this protocol. For residues like sand or chitin, a density separation and enzymatic chitin degradation using chitinase may be needed, which could be implemented into this protocol.","PeriodicalId":15286,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cellular Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43763596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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