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Latitudinal Patterns and Macroclimatic Drivers of Phylogenetic Structure in Regional Liverwort Assemblages in North America
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15031
Hong Qian, Shenhua Qian, Michael Kessler, Jian Wang
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Most plant groups originated under tropical conditions, leading to the hypothesis of tropical niche conservatism, according to which species assemblages of a clade originating and diversifying in tropical climates are expected to have low phylogenetic diversity and dispersion in temperate climates because only few lineages have adapted to these novel conditions. The opposite may be expected for clades originating under temperate conditions, but this temperate niche conservatism hypothesis has not been tested for a broad temperature gradient including both tropical and arctic climates. Liverworts are thought to have originated in temperate climates, and may thus follow the pattern of temperate niche conservatism. Here, we test this hypothesis using regional liverwort floras across a nearly full temperature gradient from tropical through temperate to arctic climates in North America. In addition, we investigate whether temperature-related variables and climate extreme variables play a more important role in determining phylogenetic structure of liverwort assemblages, compared to precipitation-related variables and climate seasonality variables, respectively.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>North America.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Taxon</h3> <p>Liverworts (Marchantiophyta).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Phylogenetic diversity (measured as mean pairwise distance) and phylogenetic dispersion (measured as standardised effect size of mean pairwise distance) in liverworts in regional floras in North America were related to latitude and climatic variables. Variation partitioning analysis was used to assess the relative importance of temperature- versus precipitation-related variables and of climate extremes versus seasonality on phylogenetic diversity and dispersion.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Phylogenetic diversity and dispersion in liverworts is highest in temperate climates, compared to both tropical and arctic climates. Temperature-related variables and climate extreme variables explained more variation in phylogenetic diversity and dispersion of liverwort assemblages than did precipitation-related variables and climate seasonality variables, respectively.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Variations in phylogenetic diversity and dispersion in liverworts along the latitudinal gradient in North America are consistent with the temperate niche conservatism hypothesis.</p>
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引用次数: 0
Biogeographic Patterns in Density, Recruitment, Body Size and Zonation of Rocky Intertidal Predators Suggest Increased Population Vulnerability Near Southern Range Limits
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15029
Sarah A. Gravem, Silke Bachhuber, Sean Bignami, Amanda E. Chiachi, Laurel C. Field, Rani N. Gaddam, Peter T. Raimondi, Bruce A. Menge

Aim

Surveying the demography of populations near species range edges may indicate their vulnerability to range contractions or local extinction as the climate changes. In the rocky intertidal, not only are latitudinal ranges constricted by thermal stress, but tides also create zonation or a ‘vertical range’ driven by sharp environmental gradients. By investigating demographics along the latitudinal and vertical ranges simultaneously, we can investigate whether populations may be vulnerable to a changing climate.

Location

Rocky intertidal habitats along west coast of the United States.

Taxa

Ochre sea star Pisaster ochraceus, six-armed sea star Leptasterias spp., emarginate whelks (Nucella ostrina and N. emarginata) and channeled whelk N. canaliculata.

Methods

In 2018, we surveyed the demographics of the taxa above at 33 sites spanning > 11° latitude from central Oregon to southern California, near the southern range limits of each taxon. We counted and sized individuals from the high to low intertidal zone. To understand how environmental stress changed with latitude, we evaluated intertidal temperatures in situ, as well as tidal extremes, tidal amplitude and wave exposure using offshore buoys.

Results

For all taxa, population density, the relative proportion of smaller individuals (except for emarginate whelks) and the upper vertical limits on the shore declined from north to south as temperatures increased and high tide height, tidal amplitude and wave heights decreased. In addition, smaller individual Leptasterias spp. generally inhabited lower shore levels while smaller individual emarginate whelks inhabited higher shore levels coastwide. For N. canaliculata, smaller animals were higher on shore northward, but lower on shore southward.

Main Conclusions

While this study is a snapshot in time and cannot assess impacts of climate change, our surveys suggest environmentally-related demographic limitation toward southern range limits and demographically vulnerable southern populations. Therefore, a warming climate may cause local extinctions or range contractions near southern limits.

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引用次数: 0
Higher Contribution of Generalists Than Specialists to the Bacterial Biogeography Across Lakes in Northern China
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15033
Yang Hu, Jian Cai, Jianying Chao, Yi Gong, Xingyu Jiang, Xiangming Tang, Keqiang Shao, Guang Gao
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Given that microbial communities normally comprise generalist and specialist species, there have been limited efforts to estimate the contribution of these sub-communities to bacterial biogeography regarding ecological assembly processes and nestedness structure. To resolve this gap, we studied the spatial distribution of bacterioplankton communities and their generalist and specialist sub-communities, as well as the underlying assembly processes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Six lakes span three climate zones in northern China.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>September 2021.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>By separately analysing the generalist and specialist sub-communities from the whole communities, we investigated the relationships between sub-communities and the entire communities in terms of distance-decay pattern, nestedness, and assembly processes. As such, we assessed the contribution of generalist and specialist sub-communities to the biogeographic patterns of the whole communities.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studies</h3> <p>Bacterial community.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Generalist sub-communities were more diverse but less abundant than specialist sub-communities. In line with the whole communities, both types of sub-communities exhibited distance-decay relationships at the regional scale, with the slope of specialists being steeper than that of generalists. Additionally, generalist sub-communities and whole communities also exhibited similar nestedness patterns, in which assemblages from saline water were the subset of those from freshwater. In terms of assembly processes, generalist sub-communities and whole communities were strongly regulated by homogeneous selection, whereas specialist sub-communities were mainly shaped by dispersal limitation. More importantly, there was a transition from stochastic to deterministic assembly processes for generalist sub-communities and whole communities and generalist sub-communities with increasing total dissolved solids.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Relative to the specialists, the assembly processes and nestedness pattern were more altered if the generalists were absent, which implies the higher contribution of generalist sub-communities on the biogeography of whole communities at the regional scale
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引用次数: 0
Spatial Connectivity Through Mountains and Deserts Drove South American Scorpions Dispersal 山区和沙漠的空间连通性推动了南美蝎子的扩散
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15030
Jeison M. Barraza, Jorge Avaria-Llautureo, Marcelo M. Rivadeneira
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>The aim of this study is to infer the geographic dispersal paths and the environmental conditions that shaped the historical biogeography of <i>Brachistosternus</i> scorpions in South America. We evaluated the role that altitude and aridity had on the geographic distance that each species dispersed from the location of the genus common ancestor. Based on the previous studies, we evaluated the hypothesis postulating that species geographic expansion was promoted by arid conditions in high altitudes.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>South America.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Taxon</h3> <p><i>Brachistosternus</i> genus.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We integrated two methodological approaches in this study, the phylogenetic Geographical model and the Conductance model, considering the uncertainty associated with the phylogenetic relationship and the species classification. The Geo model infers the locations of ancestral species in a phylogenetic tree, assuming a spherical space and using samples of georeferenced locations for every species as input data. It allows us to estimate the species dispersal routes and distances from the location of the genus common ancestor. The Conductance model is based on the circuit theory and infers the geographic route and distance of least resistance between an origin and destination point. We defined the origin as the location of the genus common ancestor obtained from the Geo model and a destination point as the current geographic location of each species. This model infers the geographic routes with the least cost of resistance for dispersal in a landscape of varying altitude and aridity. Finally, we evaluated the correlation between the two dispersal distances each species have moved from the location of the common ancestor, that is, the distance inferred from the Geo model and from the Conductance model.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The Geo model shows that <i>Brachistosternus's</i> geographical origin was most likely along the coast of south Peru, and central Chile. From this location, extant species dispersed thorough routes ranging from 873 to 2800 km in average. The Conductance model that considers the routes with least resistance to elevation and aridity simulated dispersal distances that are highly correlated with the species dispersal distances obtained from the Geo model.</p> </section>
目的 本研究的目的是推断南美洲 Brachistosternus 蝎子的地理扩散路径和形成其历史生物地理学的环境条件。我们评估了海拔高度和干旱程度对各物种从该属共同祖先所在地向外扩散的地理距离所起的作用。根据之前的研究,我们评估了假设物种的地理扩张是由高海拔地区的干旱条件促进的。 地点:南美洲 分类群 Brachistosternus 属。 方法 考虑到系统发育关系和物种分类的不确定性,我们在本研究中整合了两种方法:系统发育地理模型和传导模型。地理模型假定是一个球形空间,使用每个物种的地理参照位置样本作为输入数据,推断系统发育树中祖先物种的位置。通过该模型,我们可以估算出物种的扩散路线以及与种属共同祖先位置的距离。传导模型以电路理论为基础,推断出起点和终点之间的地理路线和最小阻力距离。我们将原点定义为从 Geo 模型中获得的种属共同祖先的位置,终点定义为每个物种当前的地理位置。该模型可以推断出在不同海拔高度和干旱程度的地形中,阻力成本最小的地理扩散路线。最后,我们评估了每个物种从共同祖先所在地出发的两个扩散距离之间的相关性,即从地理模型和传导模型中推断出的距离。 结果 Geo模型显示,Brachistosternus的地理起源很可能是秘鲁南部和智利中部沿海地区。现存物种从这一地点出发,平均扩散路线从 873 公里到 2800 公里不等。传导模型考虑了海拔和干旱阻力最小的路线,模拟的扩散距离与地理模型得出的物种扩散距离高度相关。 主要结论 我们揭示了南美洲 55 种蝎子在过去 3 千万年中可能走过的地理扩散路线,这些路线对海拔和干旱变化的压力阻力最小。这些沿着安第斯山脉和南美洲干旱地区的地理路线形成了蝎属目前的空间分布。
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引用次数: 0
Roads and Woody Vegetation Structure Are Associated With Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Occurrence at Its Northern Range Limit
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15034
Stacy Lindshield, Kelly Boyer Ontl, Maja Gašperšič, Assane Goudiaby, Papa Ibnou Ndiaye, Gray Tappan, Kaia J. Tombak, Erin Wessling, Jill D. Pruetz

Aim

The purported defining features of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) biogeography are sometimes simplistic and contradictory, yet we rely on these metrics to shape conservation and management planning for this endangered ape. We analysed the cover and configuration of woody vegetation at the northern margins of the species' range in Senegal to elucidate key predictors of chimpanzee biogeography.

Location

Southeastern Senegal.

Taxa

Western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus).

Methods

We combined reconnaissance surveys and interviews with published accounts of chimpanzee presence to verify previous estimates of the range limits of the species. High-resolution, multispectral satellite images were used to quantify the configuration of trees and shrubs at each site. Woody vegetation cover and physiognomy, river density and road density were compared within and outside of the species range with generalised linear mixed models.

Results

Our surveys and interviews support the current estimates of the northern limits of the species range. Chimpanzee-occupied sites had more patchily-distributed vegetation, greater patch edge complexity, and slightly higher river density than unoccupied sites. Unoccupied sites had more woody vegetation cover and higher road density. Of all predictors, roads had the highest impact on chimpanzee occupancy.

Main Conclusions

In line with previous findings, anthropogenic modifications of the landscape had a strong impact on chimpanzee occupancy, but surprisingly, woody vegetation cover was negatively associated with chimpanzee occupancy in this region. Instead, more specific metrics of vegetation configuration were positively associated with chimpanzee site occupancy, indicating that precise measures are needed for assessing chimpanzee biogeography at the landscape scale.

{"title":"Roads and Woody Vegetation Structure Are Associated With Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Occurrence at Its Northern Range Limit","authors":"Stacy Lindshield,&nbsp;Kelly Boyer Ontl,&nbsp;Maja Gašperšič,&nbsp;Assane Goudiaby,&nbsp;Papa Ibnou Ndiaye,&nbsp;Gray Tappan,&nbsp;Kaia J. Tombak,&nbsp;Erin Wessling,&nbsp;Jill D. Pruetz","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purported defining features of chimpanzee (<i>Pan troglodytes</i>) biogeography are sometimes simplistic and contradictory, yet we rely on these metrics to shape conservation and management planning for this endangered ape. We analysed the cover and configuration of woody vegetation at the northern margins of the species' range in Senegal to elucidate key predictors of chimpanzee biogeography.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Southeastern Senegal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxa</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Western chimpanzee (<i>Pan troglodytes verus</i>).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We combined reconnaissance surveys and interviews with published accounts of chimpanzee presence to verify previous estimates of the range limits of the species. High-resolution, multispectral satellite images were used to quantify the configuration of trees and shrubs at each site. Woody vegetation cover and physiognomy, river density and road density were compared within and outside of the species range with generalised linear mixed models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our surveys and interviews support the current estimates of the northern limits of the species range. Chimpanzee-occupied sites had more patchily-distributed vegetation, greater patch edge complexity, and slightly higher river density than unoccupied sites. Unoccupied sites had more woody vegetation cover and higher road density. Of all predictors, roads had the highest impact on chimpanzee occupancy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In line with previous findings, anthropogenic modifications of the landscape had a strong impact on chimpanzee occupancy, but surprisingly, woody vegetation cover was negatively associated with chimpanzee occupancy in this region. Instead, more specific metrics of vegetation configuration were positively associated with chimpanzee site occupancy, indicating that precise measures are needed for assessing chimpanzee biogeography at the landscape scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 2","pages":"294-303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.15034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phylogenetic Insights Into Canidae Trait Variation Across Continents
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-27 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15035
Lucas M. V. Porto, Arielli F. Machado

Aim

Understanding the spatial structuring of ecological communities involves considering the interplay between evolutionary history and environmental factors. This study investigates how the phylogenetic structure of Canidae influences the geographical distribution and trait patterns of lineages globally, and how these patterns relate to Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules.

Location

Americas, Africa, Eurasia.

Time Period

12 million years ago—present.

Major Taxa Studied

Canidae.

Methods

Using distribution data and phylogenetic information for 37 Canidae species, we analysed key ecological, functional and evolutionary variables. We applied phylogenetic fuzzy-weighting via principal coordinates of phylogenetic structure (PCPS) and variance partitioning analysis (VPA) to assess the contributions of phylogenetic structure and environmental factors to trait variation among species.

Results

Our results revealed distinct global patterns in body size, body weight, range size, habitat use and evolutionary distinctiveness among lineages. We also identified the shared contributions of phylogenetic structure and temperature to trait variation using variance partitioning analysis. The PCPS axes highlighted the influence of phylogenetic relationships on Canidae assemblages, particularly in South America.

Main Conclusions

Importantly, the study challenges the applicability of Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules across continents. The unique diversification history of Canidae in South America and Africa and their diverse environmental conditions likely contribute to the observed trait patterns that make both continents so distinguished when compared to North America and Eurasia. Our findings underscore the need to incorporate phylogenetic information in models assessing trait variation across geographic scales for unbiased estimates.

{"title":"Phylogenetic Insights Into Canidae Trait Variation Across Continents","authors":"Lucas M. V. Porto,&nbsp;Arielli F. Machado","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the spatial structuring of ecological communities involves considering the interplay between evolutionary history and environmental factors. This study investigates how the phylogenetic structure of Canidae influences the geographical distribution and trait patterns of lineages globally, and how these patterns relate to Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Americas, Africa, Eurasia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Time Period</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>12 million years ago—present.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Canidae.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using distribution data and phylogenetic information for 37 Canidae species, we analysed key ecological, functional and evolutionary variables. We applied phylogenetic fuzzy-weighting via principal coordinates of phylogenetic structure (PCPS) and variance partitioning analysis (VPA) to assess the contributions of phylogenetic structure and environmental factors to trait variation among species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results revealed distinct global patterns in body size, body weight, range size, habitat use and evolutionary distinctiveness among lineages. We also identified the shared contributions of phylogenetic structure and temperature to trait variation using variance partitioning analysis. The PCPS axes highlighted the influence of phylogenetic relationships on Canidae assemblages, particularly in South America.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Importantly, the study challenges the applicability of Bergmann's and Rapoport's rules across continents. The unique diversification history of Canidae in South America and Africa and their diverse environmental conditions likely contribute to the observed trait patterns that make both continents so distinguished when compared to North America and Eurasia. Our findings underscore the need to incorporate phylogenetic information in models assessing trait variation across geographic scales for unbiased estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 2","pages":"304-312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phylogenetic and Biogeographic History of the Snooks (Centropomidae: Carangiformes) Spanning the Closure of the Isthmus of Panama 跨越巴拿马峡口的斯努克斯的系统发育和生物地理历史(centropomides: Carangiformes)
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15018
Natalia Ossa-Hernández, Gustavo A. Ballen, Arturo Acero P, Jose Tavera

Aim

Amphiamerican New World fishes provide a unique opportunity to explore the impact of geological processes and the formation of geographic barriers on biological diversification across both spatial and temporal dimensions. We employed phylogenetic and biogeographic methods to assess the impact of the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama on the evolutionary history of snooks.

Location

Eastern tropical Pacific and western Atlantic Oceans.

Methods

Bayesian methods were used for phylogenetic inference and divergence time estimation, incorporating the fossil record of Carangidae, Centropomidae, Istiophoriformes, Latidae and Sphyraenidae to establish a timeline using the methods of stratigraphic intervals for node calibration density specification. Biogeographic models were fitted to test the hypothesis that transisthmian vicariant events are coeval with the Isthmus closure. To estimate ancestral range probability and perform stochastic mapping, we utilised BioGeoBears and the parameters from the best-fitting model. This allowed us to estimate the quantity and kind of biogeographical events.

Results

Our results suggest a sister relationship between Centropomidae and Sphyraenidae with a common ancestor that originated in the Upper Cretaceous (~78.51 Ma). The biogeographic model BAYAreaLIKE + j indicated speciation in sympatry and dispersal (founder effect) as the primary modes of speciation in the genus Centropomus. The dispersion in the family Centropomidae was estimated from the Tropical Eastern Pacific to the tropical western Atlantic since the Oligocene.

Main Conclusions

The alignment of divergence times with ancestral species distributions suggests a possible synchrony between the current distribution in Centropomus species and the processes of the formation of the Isthmus of Panama during the Miocene. However, the evidence of only two transisthmic pair suggests that this event was not determinant in allopatric interbasin speciation. Furthermore, recent diversification events within each basin imply an influence of post-closure environmental conditions on the evolution of this group of fishes.

目的新大陆两栖鱼类为探索地质过程和地理屏障的形成对生物多样性的时空影响提供了一个独特的机会。我们采用系统发育和生物地理学方法评估巴拿马地峡的出现对斯诺克进化历史的影响。地理位置:东热带太平洋和西大西洋。方法采用贝叶斯方法进行系统发育推断和分化时间估计,结合Carangidae、Centropomidae、Istiophoriformes、Latidae和Sphyraenidae的化石记录,采用地层间隔法建立时间线,进行节点标定密度规范。采用生物地理模型验证了跨地峡迁移事件与地峡闭合同时发生的假设。为了估计祖先范围概率并进行随机映射,我们使用了biogeobars和最佳拟合模型的参数。这使我们能够估计生物地理事件的数量和种类。结果Centropomidae科与Sphyraenidae科具有亲缘关系,其共同祖先起源于上白垩世(~78.51 Ma)。BAYAreaLIKE + j生物地理模型表明,同域物种形成和扩散(创始人效应)是石竹属物种形成的主要模式。估计了渐新世以来在热带东太平洋至热带西大西洋的分布。分岔时间与祖先种分布的比对表明,现今巴拿马地峡的分布与中新世时期巴拿马地峡的形成可能是同步的。然而,只有两个跨峡对的证据表明,这一事件在异域盆地间物种形成中不是决定性的。此外,每个盆地内最近的多样化事件表明封闭后的环境条件对这类鱼类的进化有影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Current High Bird Colonisation Rate in a Major Mediterranean Island is Consistent With a More Intense Past Defaunation Compared to Nearby Mainland 与附近的大陆相比,地中海一个主要岛屿目前的高鸟类殖民化率与过去更激烈的诽谤是一致的
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15032
Alejandro Martínez-Abraín, Maties Rebassa, Jorge Crespo, Juan Jiménez
<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>We expand here previous own biogeographic work on the determinants of avian colonisation of a major land-bridge Mediterranean island. So far we have explained mechanistically the high current rate of colonisation of the island which proceeds by overflow of mainland species with growing population trends and with prior experience as winter visitors. However, here we focus on the historical factors that have led to such a high colonisation rate.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Majorca Island and a nearby Iberian mainland coastal region with equivalent characteristics (Alicante province).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Twenty-five years (1991–2015).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Birds.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We compared the pattern of species gain and loss in Majorca and Alicante during the study period.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We found that while Alicante only gained eight new species and lost one, Majorca lost none and gained 21 species as breeders (odds ratio 2.6). The process of species gains in 5-year periods since 1991 showed a nonlinear pattern in both regions, with an abrupt decline in Alicante starting in 2006–2010 and final stagnation during 2011–2015, but just a smooth and recent pattern of slowdown in Majorca (2011–2015 on). Taxonomic diversity of colonising species at the family level, as well as habitat of colonisation, were quite similar between regions, but larger body size species were more common in Majorca.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>We conclude that current differential colonisation rates between both regions are consistent with a more intense past defaunation of the resource-poor region (Majorca) prior to modern rural flight that happened simultaneously in both regions. While Alicante could be approaching a theoretical carrying capacity in the number of species, Majorca is farther from it. We predict that the island will continue gaining species in the next few decades. Worldwide, further research on comparing wildlife recovery rates between regions with differential intensity of past wildlife defaunation is badly needed to understand biodiversity recovery processes.
目的我们在这里扩展了以前自己的生物地理学工作,研究了一个主要陆桥地中海岛屿上鸟类殖民化的决定因素。到目前为止,我们已经从机械上解释了目前岛上的高殖民化率,这是由于大陆物种的溢出,它们的数量呈增长趋势,而且以前有过冬季游客的经验。然而,这里我们关注的是导致如此高的殖民率的历史因素。地理位置马略卡岛附近与伊比利亚大陆沿海地区具有相当的特点(阿利坎特省)。25年(1991-2015)。研究鸟类的主要分类群。方法比较马略卡岛和阿利坎特岛在研究期间的物种增减规律。结果阿利坎特岛(Alicante)只增加了8个新物种,减少了1个,马略卡岛(Majorca)没有减少,增加了21个物种(优势比为2.6)。自1991年以来,两个地区的5年物种增长过程均呈现非线性模式,阿利坎特岛的物种数量从2006-2010年开始急剧下降,2011-2015年停滞不前,而马略卡岛的物种数量在2011-2015年呈平稳增长趋势。在马略卡岛,不同地区的定殖物种在科水平上的分类学多样性和定殖栖息地相似,但体型较大的物种在马略卡岛更为常见。我们得出的结论是,目前这两个地区之间的差异殖民化率与资源贫乏地区(马略卡岛)在现代农村人口外逃之前更强烈的过去诽谤是一致的,这两个地区同时发生。虽然阿利坎特岛的物种数量可能接近理论承载能力,但马略卡岛离它还远得多。我们预测,在未来几十年里,该岛将继续增加物种。在世界范围内,为了更好地了解生物多样性的恢复过程,迫切需要进一步研究野生动物恢复率在过去野生动物退化程度不同的区域之间的差异。
{"title":"The Current High Bird Colonisation Rate in a Major Mediterranean Island is Consistent With a More Intense Past Defaunation Compared to Nearby Mainland","authors":"Alejandro Martínez-Abraín,&nbsp;Maties Rebassa,&nbsp;Jorge Crespo,&nbsp;Juan Jiménez","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15032","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Aim&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We expand here previous own biogeographic work on the determinants of avian colonisation of a major land-bridge Mediterranean island. So far we have explained mechanistically the high current rate of colonisation of the island which proceeds by overflow of mainland species with growing population trends and with prior experience as winter visitors. However, here we focus on the historical factors that have led to such a high colonisation rate.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Location&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Majorca Island and a nearby Iberian mainland coastal region with equivalent characteristics (Alicante province).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Time Period&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Twenty-five years (1991–2015).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Major Taxa Studied&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Birds.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We compared the pattern of species gain and loss in Majorca and Alicante during the study period.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We found that while Alicante only gained eight new species and lost one, Majorca lost none and gained 21 species as breeders (odds ratio 2.6). The process of species gains in 5-year periods since 1991 showed a nonlinear pattern in both regions, with an abrupt decline in Alicante starting in 2006–2010 and final stagnation during 2011–2015, but just a smooth and recent pattern of slowdown in Majorca (2011–2015 on). Taxonomic diversity of colonising species at the family level, as well as habitat of colonisation, were quite similar between regions, but larger body size species were more common in Majorca.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We conclude that current differential colonisation rates between both regions are consistent with a more intense past defaunation of the resource-poor region (Majorca) prior to modern rural flight that happened simultaneously in both regions. While Alicante could be approaching a theoretical carrying capacity in the number of species, Majorca is farther from it. We predict that the island will continue gaining species in the next few decades. Worldwide, further research on comparing wildlife recovery rates between regions with differential intensity of past wildlife defaunation is badly needed to understand biodiversity recovery processes.","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 1","pages":"225-231"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jbi.15032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Foliar N Content Parallels Increasing Aridity in a Mediterranean-Saharan Transition Zone: Evidence From Regional and Global Trends 地中海-撒哈拉过渡带叶面氮含量与干旱增加平行:来自区域和全球趋势的证据
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15027
Tomasz P. Wyka, Piotr Robakowski, Angel Romo, Adam Boratyński, Roma Żytkowiak, Jacek Oleksyn

Aim

Warm deserts are characterised by water shortages and high temperature extremes. A commonly reported adaptive strategy in such environments is maximisation of photosynthetic capacity, which allows plants to achieve positive carbon budgets by taking advantage of short periods of water availability and non-inhibitory temperatures. Considering the well-supported interspecific covariation between photosynthetic capacity and leaf N concentration, we tested the hypothesis that environmental aridity is related to an elevated leaf nitrogen content.

Location

53 locations in the transitional zone spanning the Mediterranean and the Sahara Desert in Morocco. The mean maximal temperature (Tmax) within the area varied between 35.7°C and 43.5°C, and the mean annual precipitation (MAP) was between 12 and 246 mm.

Taxon

225 vascular species representative of local vegetation.

Methods

Leaf samples were collected along a regional aridity gradient and preserved in herbarium presses. The leaf mass per area (LMA) and N concentrations expressed on leaf mass (Nmass) and area (Narea) basis were determined. We also obtained LMA and Nmass values for 6711 species from a worldwide database for comparative analysis.

Results

Significant increases in mean LMA, Nmass and Narea accompanied the increase in Tmax and the decrease in MAP in woody species and in non-graminoid herbs, but not in graminoids. Considering the overall aridity of our sampling area, we compared the Nmass values of Moroccan plants with those from a worldwide database. We found that at a common LMA, the Moroccan plants showed on average elevated Nmass relative to global values.

Main Conclusions

These two lines of evidence: regional gradient and global comparison confirm that hot deserts select for high leaf N content. This result suggests the direction of natural selection that will accompany future climate warming and habitat aridification.

目的 暖沙漠的特点是缺水和极端高温。在这种环境中,一种常见的适应策略是最大限度地提高光合作用能力,使植物能够利用短时间的水分供应和非抑制性温度实现正碳预算。考虑到光合作用能力与叶片氮浓度之间的种间协变关系已得到充分证实,我们检验了环境干旱与叶片氮含量升高有关的假设。 地点 53 个地点位于摩洛哥横跨地中海和撒哈拉沙漠的过渡地带。该地区的平均最高温度(Tmax)介于 35.7°C 和 43.5°C 之间,平均年降水量(MAP)介于 12 毫米和 246 毫米之间。 分类群 225 个维管束物种代表了当地的植被。 方法 沿地区干旱梯度采集叶片样本,并保存在标本馆的压片机中。测定了单位面积的叶片质量(LMA)以及以叶片质量(Nmass)和面积(Narea)表示的氮浓度。我们还从全球数据库中获得了 6711 个物种的 LMA 和 Nmass 值,以进行比较分析。 结果 在木本植物和非禾本科草本植物中,平均LMA、Nmass和Narea的显著增加伴随着Tmax的增加和MAP的降低,而在禾本科植物中则没有。考虑到我们取样地区的总体干旱程度,我们将摩洛哥植物的 Nmass 值与全球数据库中的数值进行了比较。我们发现,在一个共同的低海拔地区,摩洛哥植物的氮质量平均高于全球数值。 主要结论 区域梯度和全球比较这两个证据证实,炎热沙漠选择了高叶片氮含量。这一结果表明,未来气候变暖和生境干旱化将伴随着自然选择的方向。
{"title":"Foliar N Content Parallels Increasing Aridity in a Mediterranean-Saharan Transition Zone: Evidence From Regional and Global Trends","authors":"Tomasz P. Wyka,&nbsp;Piotr Robakowski,&nbsp;Angel Romo,&nbsp;Adam Boratyński,&nbsp;Roma Żytkowiak,&nbsp;Jacek Oleksyn","doi":"10.1111/jbi.15027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15027","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Warm deserts are characterised by water shortages and high temperature extremes. A commonly reported adaptive strategy in such environments is maximisation of photosynthetic capacity, which allows plants to achieve positive carbon budgets by taking advantage of short periods of water availability and non-inhibitory temperatures. Considering the well-supported interspecific covariation between photosynthetic capacity and leaf <i>N</i> concentration, we tested the hypothesis that environmental aridity is related to an elevated leaf nitrogen content.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>53 locations in the transitional zone spanning the Mediterranean and the Sahara Desert in Morocco. The mean maximal temperature (<i>T</i><sub>max</sub>) within the area varied between 35.7°C and 43.5°C, and the mean annual precipitation (MAP) was between 12 and 246 mm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Taxon</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>225 vascular species representative of local vegetation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Leaf samples were collected along a regional aridity gradient and preserved in herbarium presses. The leaf mass per area (LMA) and <i>N</i> concentrations expressed on leaf mass (<i>N</i><sub>mass</sub>) and area (<i>N</i><sub>area</sub>) basis were determined. We also obtained LMA and <i>N</i><sub>mass</sub> values for 6711 species from a worldwide database for comparative analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant increases in mean LMA, <i>N</i><sub>mass</sub> and <i>N</i><sub>area</sub> accompanied the increase in <i>T</i><sub>max</sub> and the decrease in MAP in woody species and in non-graminoid herbs, but not in graminoids. Considering the overall aridity of our sampling area, we compared the <i>N</i><sub>mass</sub> values of Moroccan plants with those from a worldwide database. We found that at a common LMA, the Moroccan plants showed on average elevated <i>N</i><sub>mass</sub> relative to global values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These two lines of evidence: regional gradient and global comparison confirm that hot deserts select for high leaf <i>N</i> content. This result suggests the direction of natural selection that will accompany future climate warming and habitat aridification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":15299,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biogeography","volume":"52 1","pages":"213-224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Persistence Over Millennia Through Extreme Clonal Longevity: Phylogenomic Insight Into History of One of the World's Rarest Plant Species 通过极端的克隆寿命实现千年延续:通过系统发生组深入了解世界上最稀有植物物种之一的历史
IF 3.4 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.15028
Patrik Mráz, Lenka Flašková, Jindřich Chrtek, Viera Mrázová, Mihai Puşcaş, Jiřina Josefiová, Eliška Záveská

Aim

The evolutionary history of European alpine plant species with medium to large geographical ranges is relatively well explored. Here, we investigate the genetic structure and diversity of an extremely narrow endemic and one of the world's rarest plants.

Location

Eastern Carpathians, Romania.

Taxon

Andryala laevitomentosa (Asteraceae), an evolutionarily isolated herb species with a worldwide range limited to five micropopulations distributed along a 1.8 km long mountain ridge.

Methods

We used three plastid loci, nuclear ribosomal ITS and genome-wide, mostly nuclear 26,272 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) obtained from RAD-seq data. We assessed haplotype and genotype diversity, dated the resulting phylogeographic structure, quantified seed production and inferred vegetative propagation.

Results

Maternally inherited plastid markers and nuclear genomic data revealed a concordant pattern: (i) limited genetic diversity, with seven cpDNA haplotypes and 11 RAD-seq multilocus genotypes; (ii) a strong geographic structure corresponding to spatially isolated genets (clones). The species is likely of early Pleistocene origin (c. 2 Mya), and the estimated age of individual clones varied from c. 24 to 64 Kya. The average seed set assessed over 3 years was only 0.4%. However, the species reproduces vegetatively by axillary and adventitious rosettes formed on rhizomes and roots, respectively.

Main Conclusions

The strong trade-off between sexual and vegetative reproduction explains not only a deep and ancient phylogeographic structure but also the rarity of the species. Its survival depends almost entirely on vegetative reproduction. The genets of A. laevitomentosa are amongst the oldest clones ever documented in angiosperms. The persistence of these clones in situ for tens of thousands of years suggests an exceptional ability of this species to adapt to major climatic oscillations throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene and challenge our perception of the extent of resilience in plants.

目的 对欧洲高山植物物种的进化史进行了相对深入的研究,这些物种的地理分布范围中等到较大。在此,我们研究了一种极其狭窄的特有植物和世界上最稀有的植物之一的遗传结构和多样性。 地点:罗马尼亚东喀尔巴阡山脉。 分类群 Andryala laevitomentosa(菊科)是一种在进化过程中与世隔绝的草本植物,在全世界的分布范围仅限于沿着 1.8 千米长的山脊分布的五个小种群。 方法 我们使用了三个质体位点、核核糖体 ITS 和从 RAD-seq 数据中获得的全基因组范围内的 26 272 个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)。我们评估了单倍型和基因型的多样性,确定了由此产生的系统地理结构的年代,量化了种子产量并推断了无性繁殖。 结果 母系遗传的质体标记和核基因组数据揭示了一种一致的模式:(i) 遗传多样性有限,有 7 个 cpDNA 单倍型和 11 个 RAD-seq 多聚焦基因型;(ii) 与空间隔离的基因组(克隆)相对应的地理结构较强。该物种可能起源于早更新世(约 2 Mya),单个克隆的估计年龄从约 24 千年到 64 千年不等。经过 3 年评估,平均结籽率仅为 0.4%。不过,该物种分别通过根茎和根上形成的腋生和不定根进行无性繁殖。 主要结论 有性生殖和无性生殖之间的强烈权衡不仅解释了深远而古老的系统地理结构,也解释了该物种的稀有性。它的生存几乎完全依赖于无性繁殖。A. laevitomentosa的基因组是被子植物中有记载的最古老的克隆体之一。这些克隆体在原地存活了数万年,表明该物种具有适应整个更新世和全新世重大气候振荡的非凡能力,同时也挑战了我们对植物恢复能力的认识。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Biogeography
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