Pub Date : 2000-11-01DOI: 10.1002/1097-4660(200011)75:11<1080::AID-JCTB311>3.0.CO;2-#
K. Tag, Alex W. K. Kwong, M. Lehmann, Chiyui Chan, R. Renneberg, K. Riedel, G. Kunze
A microbial amperometric sensor based on the yeast Arxula adeninivorans LS3 was tested for its suitability to measure the biochemical oxygen demand incurred by the use of high molecular weight substances, such as starch, cellulose and milk powder. As with other sensors, the untreated samples varied strongly from the corresponding BOD 5 . Digestion of macromolecules with α-amylase, cellulase and protease for 30min at 37°C resulted in sensor BOD values which correlated better with BOD 5 values when corrected for the enzyme blank signal.
{"title":"Fast detection of high molecular weight substances in wastewater based on an enzymatic hydrolysis combined with the Arxula BOD sensor system","authors":"K. Tag, Alex W. K. Kwong, M. Lehmann, Chiyui Chan, R. Renneberg, K. Riedel, G. Kunze","doi":"10.1002/1097-4660(200011)75:11<1080::AID-JCTB311>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4660(200011)75:11<1080::AID-JCTB311>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"A microbial amperometric sensor based on the yeast Arxula adeninivorans LS3 was tested for its suitability to measure the biochemical oxygen demand incurred by the use of high molecular weight substances, such as starch, cellulose and milk powder. As with other sensors, the untreated samples varied strongly from the corresponding BOD 5 . Digestion of macromolecules with α-amylase, cellulase and protease for 30min at 37°C resulted in sensor BOD values which correlated better with BOD 5 values when corrected for the enzyme blank signal.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83792916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-08-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199908)74:8<821::AID-JCTB114>3.0.CO;2-#
A. Wongwicharn, L. Harvey, B. McNeil
The influence of bioreactor operational conditions on the micromorphology of batch cultures of Aspergillus niger B1-D, containing a hen egg white lysozome (HEWL) marker protein, was examined using computerised image analysis. Significant differences in micromorphology were observed with increased stirrer speed, with shorter organisms with shorter hyphal elements occurring as agitation speed increased, even though mean tip numbers were similar. This may explain the observed increase in the total extracellular protein, since the ratio of synthetic (tip) to non-synthetic zones became increasingly favourable. HEWL concentrations fell above 500rpm, probably due to the effects of DOT (dissolved oxygen tension) on the glucoamylase HEWL fusion. HEWL was susceptible to proteolytic degradation, by native proteases, during the autolytic phase. Such insights may indicate why a gene from one mould expressed in a close relative can give production levels equivalent to levels of native enzymes, while secretion of a gene from a 'distant' source, eg a higher eukaryotic gene, occurs at much lower levels.
{"title":"Secretion of heterologous and native proteins, growth and morphology in batch cultures of Aspergillus niger B1‐D at varying agitation rates","authors":"A. Wongwicharn, L. Harvey, B. McNeil","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199908)74:8<821::AID-JCTB114>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199908)74:8<821::AID-JCTB114>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of bioreactor operational conditions on the micromorphology of batch cultures of Aspergillus niger B1-D, containing a hen egg white lysozome (HEWL) marker protein, was examined using computerised image analysis. Significant differences in micromorphology were observed with increased stirrer speed, with shorter organisms with shorter hyphal elements occurring as agitation speed increased, even though mean tip numbers were similar. This may explain the observed increase in the total extracellular protein, since the ratio of synthetic (tip) to non-synthetic zones became increasingly favourable. HEWL concentrations fell above 500rpm, probably due to the effects of DOT (dissolved oxygen tension) on the glucoamylase HEWL fusion. HEWL was susceptible to proteolytic degradation, by native proteases, during the autolytic phase. Such insights may indicate why a gene from one mould expressed in a close relative can give production levels equivalent to levels of native enzymes, while secretion of a gene from a 'distant' source, eg a higher eukaryotic gene, occurs at much lower levels.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86872587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-03-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199903)74:3<289::AID-JCTB26>3.0.CO;2-#
Yuhong Zhou, N. Titchener-Hooker
Biotech companies need to reduce time to market and to raise the efficiency of processing in order to lower costs. This paper presents results of the application of computer-based simulations for the rapid formulation of integrated bioprocesses designs and demonstrates the use of simulations to explore the nature and impact of the interactions that exist in a typical bioprocess. An approach for the optimisation of such integrated bioprocesses is presented. Data from a continuous fermentation, with models for cell harvesting, cell disruption and cell debris removal, verified by comparison with pilot-scale data, have been integrated and used to demonstrate the consequences of different process designs and operating decisions on the resulting process performance.
{"title":"Simulation and optimisation of integrated bioprocesses: a case study","authors":"Yuhong Zhou, N. Titchener-Hooker","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199903)74:3<289::AID-JCTB26>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199903)74:3<289::AID-JCTB26>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"Biotech companies need to reduce time to market and to raise the efficiency of processing in order to lower costs. This paper presents results of the application of computer-based simulations for the rapid formulation of integrated bioprocesses designs and demonstrates the use of simulations to explore the nature and impact of the interactions that exist in a typical bioprocess. An approach for the optimisation of such integrated bioprocesses is presented. Data from a continuous fermentation, with models for cell harvesting, cell disruption and cell debris removal, verified by comparison with pilot-scale data, have been integrated and used to demonstrate the consequences of different process designs and operating decisions on the resulting process performance.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77006699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-09-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199809)73:1<31::AID-JCTB930>3.0.CO;2-#
A. Vikartovská-Welwardová, E. Michálková, P. Gemeiner
Screening of a representative series of immobilized penicillin G acylase biocatalysts (enzyme, cells) using enzyme Now microcalorimetry is described. Immobilized penicillin G acylase biocatalysts were either prepared in the labor- atory by various techniques or obtained from four commercial manufacturers. An industrial strain of Escherichia coli was entrapped in (poly)acrylamide gel or hardened calcium pectate gel. Semi-puri-ed enzyme was immobilized in various waysEeither by covalent binding to oxirane-acrylic beads or chlorotriazine bead cellulose or by entrapment in (poly)acrylamide gel. The validity of the enzyme Now microcalorimetry results was corroborated by a pH-stat method, showing enzyme Now microcalorimetry to be a suitable method for rapid screening of immobilized biocatalysts regardless of the immobilization technique, carrier type or the biocatalyst source. 1998 Society of Chemical Industry ( J. Chem. T echnol. Biotechnol. 73 ,3 1 E36 (1998)
{"title":"Enzyme flow microcalorimetry—a useful tool for screening of immobilized penicillin G acylase","authors":"A. Vikartovská-Welwardová, E. Michálková, P. Gemeiner","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199809)73:1<31::AID-JCTB930>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199809)73:1<31::AID-JCTB930>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"Screening of a representative series of immobilized penicillin G acylase biocatalysts (enzyme, cells) using enzyme Now microcalorimetry is described. Immobilized penicillin G acylase biocatalysts were either prepared in the labor- atory by various techniques or obtained from four commercial manufacturers. An industrial strain of Escherichia coli was entrapped in (poly)acrylamide gel or hardened calcium pectate gel. Semi-puri-ed enzyme was immobilized in various waysEeither by covalent binding to oxirane-acrylic beads or chlorotriazine bead cellulose or by entrapment in (poly)acrylamide gel. The validity of the enzyme Now microcalorimetry results was corroborated by a pH-stat method, showing enzyme Now microcalorimetry to be a suitable method for rapid screening of immobilized biocatalysts regardless of the immobilization technique, carrier type or the biocatalyst source. 1998 Society of Chemical Industry ( J. Chem. T echnol. Biotechnol. 73 ,3 1 E36 (1998)","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89679938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-08-01DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199808)72:4<320::AID-JCTB911>3.0.CO;2-#
E. A. El-Katatny, S. Halawy, M. A. Mohamed, M. Zaki
A novel procedure was devised, whereby crystalline boehmite, γ-AlO(OH), was efficiently precipitated from sodium aluminate solutions, NaAlO 2 (aq), following controlled addition of H 2 O 2 aqueous solution. The effects of the aluminate solution variables (viz. concentration, volume, caustic ratio, pH and temperature), as well as the H 2 O 2 /Al 2 O 3 molar ratio, on the amount and composition of the yield, were examined. Accordingly, optimal conditions for 98% recovery of the aluminium content of the parent aluminate solution were realized. The remaining NaOH can be recycled and used to extract further amounts of aluminium from bauxite (Bayer process). Thermal stability of the resulting boehmite was explored by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. Accordingly, various calcination products of the boehmite were obtained at some selected temperatures in the range 400-1100°C and characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray powder diffractometry, and surface charge and specific area measurements. The results obtained indicated the synthesis of relatively high surface area transitional aluminas of industrial and catalytic merits.
{"title":"A novel synthesis of high‐area alumina via H2O2‐precipitated boehmite from sodium aluminate solutions","authors":"E. A. El-Katatny, S. Halawy, M. A. Mohamed, M. Zaki","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199808)72:4<320::AID-JCTB911>3.0.CO;2-#","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199808)72:4<320::AID-JCTB911>3.0.CO;2-#","url":null,"abstract":"A novel procedure was devised, whereby crystalline boehmite, γ-AlO(OH), was efficiently precipitated from sodium aluminate solutions, NaAlO 2 (aq), following controlled addition of H 2 O 2 aqueous solution. The effects of the aluminate solution variables (viz. concentration, volume, caustic ratio, pH and temperature), as well as the H 2 O 2 /Al 2 O 3 molar ratio, on the amount and composition of the yield, were examined. Accordingly, optimal conditions for 98% recovery of the aluminium content of the parent aluminate solution were realized. The remaining NaOH can be recycled and used to extract further amounts of aluminium from bauxite (Bayer process). Thermal stability of the resulting boehmite was explored by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. Accordingly, various calcination products of the boehmite were obtained at some selected temperatures in the range 400-1100°C and characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray powder diffractometry, and surface charge and specific area measurements. The results obtained indicated the synthesis of relatively high surface area transitional aluminas of industrial and catalytic merits.","PeriodicalId":15303,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89036375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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