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Current methods for halitosis diagnosis and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic: an international survey. 当前口臭诊断方法及2019冠状病毒病疫情影响的国际调查
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ada6f5
Isabelle Laleman, Jesica Dadamio

Halitosis specialists can be found all over the world, but very little is known about how they approach patients with halitosis complaints. Therefore, this web-based questionnaire study tried to reach as many of them to gain insight in their methods and tools used to diagnose the condition. Since this study was carried out in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, its impact was also examined. This survey encompassed 19 questions interrogating the responders' profile; their diagnostic process in general; the methods and tools used to examine the breath; and the impact of COVID-19 on them. It was accessible online from May till October 2022. Eighty halitosis professionals from 19 different countries replied. Their answers showed that the community behind the field of halitosis seems to be largely driven by oral health professionals. The respondents had been active in this niche for on average 12 years in consultations (41%), research (23%) or a combination (36%). To achieve a diagnosis 96% believed a thorough history is a must and 94% felt that a breath odor examination (instrumental and/or organoleptically) was necessary. The Halimeter® was the most common instrument used for breath odor analysis. There was a large variation in the organoleptic examination regarding the calibration and number of judges and the specific odors sources that were assessed (i.e. mouth odor versus nose odor). Less variation was noted on the rating scale used: 87% made use of the 6-point odor strength scale. For those that performed organoleptic examinations COVID-19 forced them to modify their examination (20%) or to stop performing it (67%). This international survey showed that there is not a consensus between specialists on how the diagnosis of halitosis should be carried out. However, a common thread can be noted: thoroughly interviewing the patients and examining the breath odor are of upmost importance.

世界各地都可以找到口臭专家,但很少有人知道他们如何处理口臭患者的投诉。因此,这项基于网络的问卷研究试图触及尽可能多的人,以了解他们用于诊断疾病的方法和工具。由于本研究是在COVID-19大流行之后进行的,因此还研究了其影响。该调查包括19个问题,询问响应者的概况;他们的诊断过程;检查呼吸的方法和工具;以及COVID-19对他们的影响。该调查于2022年5月至10月在网上进行,来自19个不同国家的80名口臭专家回复了该调查。他们的回答表明,口臭领域背后的社区似乎主要是由口腔卫生专业人员推动的。受访者在咨询(41%)、研究(23%)或综合(36%)方面平均活跃了12年。为了获得诊断,96%的人认为彻底的病史是必须的,94%的人认为呼吸气味检查(仪器和/或感官)是必要的。Halimeter®是呼吸气味分析最常用的仪器。在感官检查中,有很大的差异,包括校准和法官的数量,以及评估的特定气味来源(即口腔气味与鼻子气味)。使用的评定量表差异较小:87%的人使用6点气味强度量表。对于那些进行感官检查的人- COVID-19迫使他们修改检查(20%)或停止检查(67%)。这项国际调查显示,专家们对如何诊断口臭没有达成共识。然而,可以注意到一个共同的线索:彻底采访患者和检查呼吸气味是最重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Bibliometrics and altmetrics on halitosis: exploring the top 100 most-cited papers. 口臭的文献计量学和替代计量学:前100篇被引论文的探索。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ada6f6
Ana Paula Carvalho, Karolina Skarlet Silva Viana, Fernando Oliveira Costa, Rafael Paschoal Esteves Lima, Paulo Antônio Martins-Júnior, Luís Otávio Miranda Cota

Halitosis has a multifactorial etiology being of interest by different health areas. The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric and altmetric analyzes of the top 100 most-cited papers on halitosis to provide a comprehensive view of their scientific and alternative metrics. This would give perspectives on citation dynamics and online attention of the research outputs. A search strategy was designed, tested and applied in the Web of Science database on August 1st, 2023. The 100 most-cited papers were selected by two reviewers. Data on title, year of publication, number of citations, authorship, journal title, study design, halitosis etiology and subject/field of the study or pathogenesis of halitosis were extracted from each paper. Altmetric attention score (AAS) for each paper was registered. Papers were published between 1972 and 2019. Most cited papers were non-systematic reviews (28%). USA was the country with the greatest number of publications (20%). Journals with the greater number of citations were related to dentistry. The altmetric analysis did not show correlation with the citation count but showed a few papers with elevated AAS and a good diffusion in social media. The level of evidence of the study design did not influence the citation number. This can indicate the need for citing studies with more robust designs in order to provide better scientific evidence of citations in epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment. Databases showed positive correlation among citation counts, but no correlation with the online attention.

口臭有一个多因素的病因是由不同的卫生领域感兴趣。本研究的目的是对排名前100位的口臭论文进行文献计量学和替代计量学分析,以提供其科学和替代指标的全面观点。这将为研究成果的引用动态和在线关注提供视角。本文设计了一种搜索策略,并于2023年8月1日在Web of Science数据库中进行了测试和应用。被引用最多的100篇论文由两位审稿人选出。从每篇论文中提取标题、发表年份、引用次数、作者、期刊名称、研究设计、口臭病因、研究主题/领域或口臭发病机制等数据。记录每篇论文的另类注意力评分(AAS)。论文发表于1972年至2019年之间。大多数被引论文为非系统评价(28%)。美国是发表论文数量最多的国家(20%)。被引用次数较多的期刊与牙科相关。altmetric分析没有显示与被引次数的相关性,但显示少数论文的AAS升高,并且在社交媒体上传播良好。研究设计的证据水平不影响引用数。这可能表明需要引用设计更稳健的研究,以便为流行病学、病因学、诊断和治疗方面的引用提供更好的科学证据。数据库显示引文数与在线关注数呈正相关,与在线关注数不相关。
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引用次数: 0
Stability of volatile organic compounds in thermal desorption tubes and in solution. 挥发性有机化合物在热解吸管和溶液中的稳定性。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ada05c
Kristian J Kiland, Lucas Martins, Scott A Borden, Stephen Lam, Renelle Myers

Exhaled breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are often collected and stored in sorbent tubes before thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) analysis. Information about the stability of VOCs during storage is needed to account for potential artifacts and monitor for losses. Additionally, information about the stability of VOC standards in solution is required to assess their performance as quality control and internal standards. We evaluated the stability of a standard mixture of 42 VOCs in dual-sorbent tubes containing Tenax® TA and Carbotrap 1TD over 60 d at commonly used storage conditions: room temperature (∼21 °C), 4 °C, and -80 °C. The same 42 VOCs were also evaluated for their stability in methanol over 60 d while stored at -20 °C. All samples were analyzed using TD-GC-MS. During storage, most VOCs were stable on sorbent after 60 d: 36/42 (86%), 39/42 (93%), and 41/42 (98%) had not statistically changed for room temperature, 4 °C and -80 °C, respectively, based on Spearman rank correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis. The isotopically labeled VOCs tested here are well-suited to serve as internal standards for pre-analysis or storage. Degradation of VOCs in solution was apparent after 60 d: 27/42 (64%) of VOCs had statistically decreased. The total VOC mixture had dropped to 90% of its original intensity after ∼22 d and a subset of VOCs typically used as internal standards dropped to 90% in ∼16 d. Analysts using similar mixtures should make a fresh solution at least every two weeks to ensure analytical accuracy. This study provides important insights into storage practices for both sorbent tubes and standard solutions, guiding analysts toward improved reliability and accuracy in exhaled breath analysis.

在热解吸-气相色谱-质谱(TD-GC-MS)分析之前,通常将呼出的VOCs收集并储存在吸附管中。储存过程中挥发性有机化合物的稳定性信息对于潜在的人工产物和监测损失是必要的。此外,作为质量控制和内部标准,需要有关溶液中VOC标准稳定性的信息来评估其性能。我们在含有Tenax®TA和Carbotrap 1TD的双吸附管中评估了42种VOCs的标准混合物在常用储存条件下的稳定性:室温(~21°C), 4°C和-80°C。同样的42种挥发性有机化合物也被评估了在-20°C下储存在甲醇中超过60天的稳定性。所有样品均采用TD-GC-MS进行分析。根据Spearman秩相关系数和线性回归分析,在室温、4℃和-80℃条件下,大多数挥发性有机化合物在吸附剂上贮存60 d后保持稳定,分别为36/42(86%)、39/42(93%)和41/42(98%)无统计学变化。这里测试的同位素标记的挥发性有机化合物是用作预分析或储存的内部标准的良好候选者。60天后,溶液中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)降解明显:27/42(64%)的挥发性有机化合物有统计学意义上的下降。22天后,总挥发性有机化合物浓度降至初始浓度的90%,16天后,通常用作内部标准的一部分挥发性有机化合物浓度降至90%。使用类似混合物的分析人员应至少每两周配制一次新溶液,以确保分析准确性。这项研究为吸收管和标准溶液的存储实践提供了重要的见解,指导分析人员提高呼气分析的可靠性和准确性。& # xD。
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引用次数: 0
Shotgun metabolomic analysis of killer whale (Orcinus orca) exhaled breath condensate. 虎鲸呼出气体的散弹枪代谢组学分析。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad9ac5
Trevor R Harsla, Matthew W Breitzman, Lucas J Showman, Todd R Robeck, Lydia A Staggs, Jennifer P Russell, Todd L Schmitt, Karen J Steinman, Jodi L McGill, John D Lippolis, Randy E Sacco

The ocean is facing many anthropogenic stressors caused from both pollution and climate change. These stressors are significantly impacting and changing the ocean's ecosystem, and as such, methods must continually be developed that can improve our ability to monitor the health of marine life. For cetaceans, the current practice for health assessments of individuals requires live capture and release, which is expensive, usually stressful, and for larger species impractical. In this study, we investigated the potential of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples to provide unique metabolomic profiles from healthy killer whales (Orcinus orca) of varying known age and sex. EBC collection is a non-invasive procedure that has potential for remote collection using unmanned aerial vehicles, thus improving our ability to understand physiologic parameters within wild populations while minimizing stress from collection procedures. However, descriptions of the available metabolome within EBC and its clinical significance within animals of known health and age must be described before this technique can be considered diagnostically useful. We describe normal variations of the metabolome across age and sex and provide evidence for the potential of this breath analysis method to become a valuable adjunctive tool for assessing the health of managed-care and free-ranging killer whales.

海洋正面临着由污染和气候变化引起的许多人为压力。这些压力源正在显著影响和改变海洋生态系统,因此,必须不断开发方法,提高我们监测海洋生物健康的能力。对于鲸类动物来说,目前对个体进行健康评估的做法需要活生生的捕获和释放,这是昂贵的,通常是有压力的,对于较大的物种来说是不切实际的。在这项研究中,我们调查了呼气冷凝水(EBC)样本的潜力,以提供不同已知年龄和性别的健康虎鲸(Orcinus orca)独特的代谢组学特征。EBC采集是一种非侵入性的过程,有可能使用无人机进行远程采集,从而提高我们了解野生种群生理参数的能力,同时最大限度地减少采集过程中的压力。然而,在已知健康和年龄的动物中,EBC中可用代谢组的描述及其临床意义必须在该技术被认为是诊断有用之前进行描述。我们描述了代谢组在年龄和性别上的正常变化,并为这种呼吸分析方法的潜力提供了证据,该方法可以成为评估管理护理和自由放养虎鲸健康的有价值的辅助工具。
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引用次数: 0
A comprehensive guide to volatolomics data analysis. 挥发组学数据分析综合指南。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad9b46
M Skawinski, F J van Schooten, A Smolinska

Volatolomics (or volatilomics), the study of volatile organic compounds, has emerged as a significant branch of metabolomics due to its potential for non-invasive diagnostics and disease monitoring. However, the analysis of high-resolution data from mass spectrometry and gas sensor array-based instruments remains challenging. The careful consideration of experimental design, data collection, and processing strategies is essential to enhance the quality of results obtained from subsequent analyses. This comprehensive guide provides an in-depth exploration of volatolomics data analysis, highlighting the essential steps, such as data cleaning, pretreatment, and the application of statistical and machine learning techniques, including dimensionality reduction, clustering, classification, and variable selection. The choice of these methodologies, along with data handling practices, such as missing data imputation, outlier detection, model validation, and data integration, is crucial for identifying meaningful metabolites and drawing accurate diagnostic conclusions. By offering researchers the tools and knowledge to navigate the complexities of volatolomics data analysis, this guide emphasizes the importance of understanding the strengths and limitations of each method. Such informed decision-making enhances the reliability of findings, ultimately advancing the field and improving the understanding of metabolic processes in health and disease.

挥发组学(或挥发物学)是对挥发性有机化合物的研究,由于其在非侵入性诊断和疾病监测方面的潜力,已成为代谢组学的一个重要领域。然而,分析基于质谱的仪器产生的高分辨率数据仍然具有挑战性。这本全面的指南提供了对挥发组学数据分析的深入探索,强调了后续步骤的重要性,包括数据清理、预处理以及统计和机器学习技术(降维、聚类、分类和变量选择)。这些方法的选择,以及数据处理实践(如缺失数据输入、离群值检测、模型验证和数据集成)的集成,会显著影响有意义代谢物的鉴定和诊断结论的准确性。本指南旨在使读者熟悉挥发组学中各种数据分析技术的含义及其对不同应用的适用性。它强调有必要了解每种方法的优势和局限性,以便做出明智的决策,提高研究结果的可靠性。通过概述这些方法,该指南旨在为研究人员提供驾驭挥发组学数据分析复杂性所需的知识。仔细考虑实验设计、数据收集和处理策略对于识别生物标志物至关重要,最终将推动该领域的发展,并提高对健康和疾病代谢过程的理解。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular breath profile of acute COPD exacerbations. 急性COPD恶化的分子呼吸谱。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad9ac4
Sarah Basler, Noriane A Sievi, Felix Schmidt, Kai Fricke, Alexandra Arvaji, Jonas Herth, Diego M Baur, Pablo Sinues, Silvia Ulrich, Malcolm Kohler

Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) show high variability in individual susceptibility and promote disease progression; thus, accurate diagnosis and treatment is essential. Unravelling the molecular metabolic changes during AECOPD in breath could promote understanding of AECOPD and its treatment. Our objective was to investigate the metabolic breath profiles during AECOPD for biomarker detection. We conducted real-time breath analysis in patients with COPD during AECOPD and during subsequent stable phase. Molecular breath patterns were compared between AECOPD and stable phase by dimension reduction techniques and paired t-tests. Pathway enrichment analyses were performed to investigate underlying metabolic pathways. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis and XGboost were utilised to build a prediction model to differentiate AECOPD from stable state. 35 patients (60% male) with a mean age of 65 (10.2) yr with AECOPD were included. AECOPD could be predicted with a high sensitivity of 82.5% (95% confidence interval of 68.8%-93.8%) and an excellent discriminative power (AUC = 0.86). Metabolic changes in the linoleate, tyrosine, and tryptophan pathways during AECOPD were predominant. Significant metabolic changes occur during COPD exacerbations, predominantly in the linoleate, tyrosine, and tryptophan pathways, which are all linked to inflammation. Real-time exhaled breath analysis enables a good prediction of AECOPD compared to stable state and thus could enhance precision of AECOPD diagnosis and efficacy in clinical practice.

背景与目的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(AECOPD)急性加重表现出个体易感性的高度变异性,并促进疾病进展;因此,准确的诊断和治疗至关重要。揭示呼吸中AECOPD的分子代谢变化可以促进对AECOPD及其治疗的认识。我们的目的是研究AECOPD期间的代谢呼吸特征,以检测生物标志物。方法:我们对AECOPD期间和随后的稳定期COPD患者进行了实时呼吸分析。通过降维技术和配对t检验比较AECOPD期和稳定期的分子呼吸模式。通路富集分析 ;用于研究潜在的代谢途径。采用偏最小二乘判别分析 ;和XGboost建立AECOPD与稳定状态的预测模型。 ;结果纳入35例AECOPD患者,其中男性60%,平均年龄65(10.2)岁。预测AECOPD 具有82.5%的高灵敏度(95%置信区间为68.8 ~ 93.8%),具有良好的判别能力(AUC=0.86)。AECOPD期间亚油酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸途径的代谢变化是主要的。结论COPD加重期间发生显著的代谢变化,主要是亚油酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸途径,这些途径都与炎症有关。与稳定状态相比,实时呼气分析可以很好地预测AECOPD,从而提高AECOPD诊断的准确性和临床实践中的疗效。临床试验注册:ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05456009) ;
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引用次数: 0
Correlations between propofol concentration in exhaled breath and BIS in patients undergoing thyroid surgery. 甲状腺手术患者呼出气体中丙泊酚浓度与 BIS 之间的相关性
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad9496
Xiaoxiao Li, Pan Chang, Xing Liu, Zhongjun Zhao, Yixiang Duan, Wensheng Zhang

Several clinical studies have reported promising correlations between propofol concentration in exhaled breath (Ce-pro) and the bispectral index (BIS) in patients, suggesting the potential of exhaled propofol measurement as a non-invasive method for adjusting anesthesia depth. However, these studies are still in the validation phase of instrument effectiveness, often limited by small sample sizes or inappropriate instrument selection, and thus lack convincing results regarding these correlations. In this study, one hundred patients aged 18-65, undergoing elective thyroid surgery under general anesthesia were included. The vacuum ultraviolet photoionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry was employed to monitor Ce-pro at 20 s intervals, alongside continuous BIS measurement. The association between Ce-pro and BIS was analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, with marginalR2used to assess the correlation. The threshold of Ce-pro at awakening was also explored. Additionally, the univariate and multifactorial diagnostic model, including end-of-surgery Ce-pro, were employed to assess the accuracy of predicting delayed recovery. A weak correlation was observed between intraoperative Ce-pro and BIS (marginalR2= 0.348). Predictive models utilizing end-of-surgery Ce-pro levels showed good accuracy (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62-0.89,P= 0.003) in predicting delayed recovery, while the model using end-of-surgery Ce-pro combined with gender, sufentanil dosage, the time from the last administration of sufentanil to the end of surgery, and anesthesia duration demonstrated stronger predicting accuracy (AUC = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85-0.98,P< 0.001). This study suggests that Ce-pro alone may not reliably predict the depth of anesthesia in clinical practice, but shows promising accuracy in predicting delayed recovery from anesthesia.

有几项临床研究报告称,患者呼出气体中的异丙酚浓度(Ce-pro)与双频谱指数(BIS)之间存在良好的相关性,这表明呼出异丙酚测量作为调整麻醉深度的无创方法具有潜力。然而,这些研究仍处于仪器有效性的验证阶段,往往受到样本量小或仪器选择不当的限制,因此在这些相关性方面缺乏令人信服的结果。本研究纳入了 100 名年龄在 18-65 岁之间、在全身麻醉下接受择期甲状腺手术的患者。研究人员采用真空紫外(VUV)光离子化和飞行时间质谱(TOF MS)技术,以 20 秒为间隔监测 Ce-pro,同时连续测量 BIS。使用线性混合效应模型分析了 Ce-pro 与 BIS 之间的关联,并使用边际 R² 评估了相关性。同时还探讨了唤醒时 Ce-pro 的阈值。此外,还采用了单变量和多因素诊断模型(包括手术结束时的 Ce-pro)来评估预测延迟恢复的准确性。术中 Ce-pro 与 BIS 之间存在微弱的相关性(边际 R2 = 0.348)。利用手术结束时 Ce-pro 水平的预测模型在预测延迟恢复方面显示出良好的准确性(AUC = 0.75,95% CI:0.62 至 0.89,P = 0.003),而利用手术结束时 Ce-pro 与性别、舒芬太尼剂量、最后一次使用舒芬太尼到手术结束的时间以及麻醉持续时间相结合的模型则显示出更高的预测准确性(AUC = 0.91,95% CI:0.85 至 0.98,P < 0.001)。这项研究表明,在临床实践中,单独使用Ce-pro可能无法可靠地预测麻醉深度,但在预测麻醉延迟恢复方面却显示出了良好的准确性:ChiCTR2300074605 Keywords:丙泊酚 呼气 BIS 相关性
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引用次数: 0
Volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath, blood, and urine detected in patients with thyroid carcinoma using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry-a pilot study. 利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱法检测甲状腺癌患者呼出的气体、血液和尿液中的挥发性有机化合物--一项试点研究。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad89ef
Zaid J J Al-Difaie, Max H M C Scheepers, Sanne M E Engelen, Tim Lubbers, Bas Havekes, Nicole D Bouvy

The differentiation between malignant and benign thyroid nodules represents a significant challenge for clinicians globally. The identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a novel approach in the field of cancer diagnosis. This prospective pilot study aims to identify VOCs in exhaled breath, blood, and urine that can differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Patients with thyroid nodules scheduled for surgery were enrolled at the Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+). Breath samples were analyzed using a BreathSpec GC-IMS machine (G.A.S. Dortmund, Germany), specifically designed for breath analysis. All blood and urine samples were analyzed using a separate GC-IMS device, the FlavourSpec® (G.A.S., Dortmund, Germany). In this proof-of-concept study, 70 consecutive patients undergoing thyroid surgery at MUMC+ were included. Of these patients, 29 were confirmed to have thyroid cancer after surgical resection. The overall analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences in VOCs in breath, urine and blood, between patients with benign and malignant thyroid cancer. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that GC-IMS could not effectively differentiate between the VOC profiles of malignant and benign thyroid nodules. However, due to the small sample size of this study, larger prospective studies are needed to investigate the potential of using VOCs to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Additionally, future research should focus on identifying potential confounding factors that may influence patient VOC profiles. (NCT04883294).

背景 区分甲状腺结节的恶性和良性仍然是全球临床医生和研究人员面临的一项重大挑战。利用挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)诊断癌症已成为一种新方法。这项前瞻性试验研究旨在利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱法(GC-IMS)鉴定呼出气体、血液和尿液中可区分良性和恶性甲状腺结节的挥发性有机化合物。呼吸样本使用专门用于呼吸分析的 BreathSpec GC-IMS 仪器(德国多特蒙德 G.A.S.公司)进行分析。所有血液和尿液样本均使用单独的 GC-IMS 设备 FlavourSpec® (G.A.S.,德国多特蒙德)进行分析。其中,29 名患者在手术切除后确诊为甲状腺癌。总体分析表明,良性和恶性甲状腺癌患者在呼气、尿液和血液中的挥发性有机化合物含量没有显著的统计学差异。不过,这项研究的样本量较小,今后需要进行更大规模的研究,以探讨使用挥发性有机化合物区分良性和恶性甲状腺结节的潜力。此外,未来的研究应侧重于调查影响患者VOC特征的潜在混杂因素。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of a combination of laccase and green coffee extract on oral malodor: a comparative, randomized, controlled, evaluator-blind, parallel-group trial. 结合使用漆酶和绿咖啡提取物对口腔异味的疗效:随机对照、评估者盲法、平行组比较试验。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7c
Sylvia L Santos, Caterina Holz, Kimberly Milleman, Jeffery Milleman, Gu Wenqian, Luis R Mateo

Oral malodor negatively impacts a person's quality of life and may affect up to 50% of the population. The aim of this randomized, placebo and no-product controlled, evaluator-blind, proof-of-concept study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the single use of two experimental lozenges containing the laccase enzyme and green coffee extract (with and without flavor) in reducing intrinsic oral malodor. Following 12-16 h of avoidance of oral hygiene,156 generally healthy subjects presented at screening and baseline visits with a mean organoleptic odor intensity (OI) score of ⩾2 and an OralChromaTMreading of ⩾125 parts per billion (ppb) hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas and were randomly assigned to receive either one of the two experimental lozenges, a placebo lozenge, or no-product. Following the supervised use of the assigned products, subjects' oral malodor was evaluated using OI assessments and OralChromaTMmeasurement for volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) immediately following product use (approximately 5 min), and at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h. The two experimental lozenges, with and without flavor, showed significant reductions in OI scores compared with the placebo and no-product groups at all time points (p< 0.001). At 5 min post-product use, the experimental lozenges, with and without flavor, were significantly better than the no-product group in reducing the VSCs (p< 0.04). The results of individual VSC components (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide) were variable; both experimental lozenges notably reduced hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan levels in most post-use assessments. Four minor adverse events were reported, none of which were directly linked to the product. In conclusion, the experimental lozenges, whether flavored or not, were safe and effective in reducing oral malodor over a span of 4 h, based on organoleptic OI scores.Clinical Trial No: NCT05950529.

口腔异味会对人的生活质量产生负面影响,影响人群可能高达 50%。这项随机、安慰剂和无产品对照、评估者盲法、概念验证研究的目的是评估单次使用两种含有漆酶和绿咖啡提取物(含香精和不含香精)的实验性润喉糖在减少内在口腔异味方面的有效性和安全性。在避免口腔卫生12至16小时后,156名一般健康的受试者在筛查和基线检查时,其平均感官气味强度(OI)评分≥2,OralChromaTM读数≥十亿分之125(ppb)硫化氢(H2S)气体,并被随机分配接受两种实验性锭剂之一、安慰剂锭剂或无产品。在监督下使用指定产品后,受试者在使用产品后的第一时间(约 5 分钟)以及 30 分钟、1 小时、2 小时、3 小时和 4 小时后,使用 OI 评估和 OralChromaTM 测量挥发性硫化合物 (VSC) 来评估受试者的口腔异味情况。与安慰剂组和无产品组相比,两种实验性含片(含香精和不含香精)在所有时间点的 OI 评分均显著降低(p < 0.001)。在产品使用后 5 分钟,含香精和不含香精的实验菱形糖在降低 VSC 方面明显优于不含产品组(p < 0.04)。单个 VSC 成分(硫化氢、甲硫醇和二甲基硫醚)的结果各不相同;在大多数使用后评估中,两种实验性润喉糖都明显降低了硫化氢和甲硫醇的水平。报告了四起轻微的不良事件,其中没有一起与产品直接相关。总之,根据感官 OI 评分,实验性润喉糖无论是否有香精,在 4 小时内都能安全有效地减少口腔异味。
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引用次数: 0
Halitosis in oral lichen planus patients. 口腔扁平苔藓患者的口臭。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad8ee7
Guangzhao Guan, Vicky Tjhang, Sally Sun, Ajith Polonowita, Li Mei

To investigate the halitosis level in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients and OLP-free participants. This cross-sectional study recruited 70 participants at the New Zealand's National Centre for Dentistry. Halitosis was determined using the objective measurements (parts per billion (ppb) volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in the exhaled air) and subjective measurement (self-reported halitosis questionnaire). The VSCs values of OLP participants (mean ± SD: 144.64 ± 23.85 ppb) were significantly greater than that in the OLP-free participants (105.52 ± 22.31ppb) (mean difference: 39.12 ppb;p< 0.05; 95% CI: 27.95, 50.29). The VSCs value of hyperplastic (mean difference: 34.11; 95% CI: 20.07, 48.15;p< 0.05) and erosive/ulcerative (mean difference: 57.47; 95% CI: 34.19, 80.76;p< 0.05) OLP participants were statistically greater than that of OLP-free participants. No statistical significance was found between hyperplastic and erosive/ulcerative OLP (p> 0.05). 'Type (OLP-free/OLP)' has a significant effect on the dependent variable VSCs. 78.6% of OLP and 90.5% of OLP-free brushed their teeth at least twice daily, with a statistically significant observation (Mean square: 1.61; F: 13.13;p< 0.05). The levels of VSCs were greater in participants with hyperplastic and erosive/ulcerative OLP than that in the OLP-free participants.

目的:调查口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)患者和无OLP患者的口臭程度:这项横断面研究在新西兰国家牙科中心招募了70名参与者。口臭通过客观测量(呼出空气中的十亿分之挥发性硫化合物[VSCs])和主观测量(口臭自我报告问卷)来确定:OLP参与者的VSCs值(平均值±标准差:144.64±23.85ppb)明显高于无OLP参与者的VSCs值(105.52±22.31ppb)(平均值差异:39.12ppb;P < 0.05;95% CI:27.95,50.29)。增生的 VSCs 值(平均差异:34.11;95% CI:20.07,48.15;P0.05)。"类型(无 OLP/有 OLP)"对因变量(VSCs)有显著影响。78.6%的 OLP 和 90.5%的无 OLP 每天至少刷牙两次,这在统计学上具有显著意义(均方差:1.61;F:13.05;P:0.05):1.61; F: 13.13; p
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of breath research
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