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Machine learning enabled detection of COVID-19 pneumonia using exhaled breath analysis: a proof-of-concept study. 利用呼气分析的机器学习功能检测 COVID-19 肺炎:概念验证研究。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad2b6e
Ruth P Cusack, Robyn Larracy, Christian B Morrell, Maral Ranjbar, Jennifer Le Roux, Christiane E Whetstone, Maxime Boudreau, Patrick F Poitras, Thiviya Srinathan, Eric Cheng, Karen Howie, Catie Obminski, Tim O'Shea, Rebecca J Kruisselbrink, Terence Ho, Erik Scheme, Stephen Graham, Gisia Beydaghyan, Gail M Gavreau, MyLinh Duong

Detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) relies on real-time-reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs. The false-negative rate of RT-PCR can be high when viral burden and infection is localized distally in the lower airways and lung parenchyma. An alternate safe, simple and accessible method for sampling the lower airways is needed to aid in the early and rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. In a prospective unblinded observational study, patients admitted with a positive RT-PCR and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled from three hospitals in Ontario, Canada. Healthy individuals or hospitalized patients with negative RT-PCR and without respiratory symptoms were enrolled into the control group. Breath samples were collected and analyzed by laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and classified by machine learning (ML) approaches to identify unique LAS-spectra patterns (breathprints) for SARS-CoV-2. Of the 135 patients enrolled, 115 patients provided analyzable breath samples. Using LAS-breathprints to train ML classifier models resulted in an accuracy of 72.2%-81.7% in differentiating between SARS-CoV2 positive and negative groups. The performance was consistent across subgroups of different age, sex, body mass index, SARS-CoV-2 variants, time of disease onset and oxygen requirement. The overall performance was higher than compared to VOC-trained classifier model, which had an accuracy of 63%-74.7%. This study demonstrates that a ML-based breathprint model using LAS analysis of exhaled breath may be a valuable non-invasive method for studying the lower airways and detecting SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens. The technology and the ML approach can be easily deployed in any setting with minimal training. This will greatly improve access and scalability to meet surge capacity; allow early and rapid detection to inform therapy; and offers great versatility in developing new classifier models quickly for future outbreaks.

背景 严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒-2(SARS-CoV-2)的检测依赖于鼻咽拭子上的实时逆转录酶聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)。当病毒负荷和感染位于下呼吸道和肺实质的远端时,RT-PCR 的假阴性率会很高。我们需要一种安全、简单、方便的下呼吸道取样方法,以帮助早期快速诊断 COVID-19 肺炎。健康人或 RT-PCR 阴性且无呼吸道症状的住院患者被纳入对照组。收集的呼吸样本通过激光吸收光谱 (LAS) 分析挥发性有机化合物 (VOC),并通过机器学习 (ML) 方法进行分类,以识别 SARS-CoV-2 的独特 LAS 光谱模式(呼吸样本)。使用 LAS 呼吸指纹训练 ML 分类器模型,在区分 SARS-CoV2 阳性组和阴性组方面的准确率为 72-2-81-7%。在不同年龄、性别、体重指数、SARS-CoV-2 变体、发病时间和需氧量的亚组中,准确率保持一致。总体性能高于 VOC 训练的分类器模型,后者的准确率为 63-74-7%。该技术和 ML 方法只需少量培训即可在任何环境中轻松部署。这将极大地提高可及性和可扩展性,以满足激增的容量;允许早期和快速检测,为治疗提供信息;并为快速开发新的分类器模型以应对未来的爆发提供了极大的通用性。
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引用次数: 0
Metabolic insights at the finish line: deciphering physiological changes in ultramarathon runners through breath VOC analysis. 终点线上的代谢洞察:通过呼吸挥发性有机化合物分析解读超级马拉松运动员的生理变化。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad23f5
Hsuan Chou, Kayleigh Arthur, Elen Shaw, Chad Schaber, Billy Boyle, Max Allsworth, Eli F Kelley, Glenn M Stewart, Courtney M Wheatley, Jesse Schwartz, Caitlin C Fermoyle, Briana L Ziegler, Kay A Johnson, Paul Robach, Patrick Basset, Bruce D Johnson

Exhaustive exercise can induce unique physiological responses in the lungs and other parts of the human body. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath are ideal for studying the effects of exhaustive exercise on the lungs due to the proximity of the breath matrix to the respiratory tract. As breath VOCs can originate from the bloodstream, changes in abundance should also indicate broader physiological effects of exhaustive exercise on the body. Currently, there is limited published data on the effects of exhaustive exercise on breath VOCs. Breath has great potential for biomarker analysis as it can be collected non-invasively, and capture real-time metabolic changes to better understand the effects of exhaustive exercise. In this study, we collected breath samples from a small group of elite runners participating in the 2019 Ultra-Trail du Mont Blanc ultra-marathon. The final analysis included matched paired samples collected before and after the race from 24 subjects. All 48 samples were analyzed using the Breath Biopsy Platform with GC-Orbitrap™ via thermal desorption gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to determine whether VOC abundances differed between pre- and post-race breath samples (adjustedP-value < .05). We identified a total of 793 VOCs in the breath samples of elite runners. Of these, 63 showed significant differences between pre- and post-race samples after correction for multiple testing (12 decreased, 51 increased). The specific VOCs identified suggest the involvement of fatty acid oxidation, inflammation, and possible altered gut microbiome activity in response to exhaustive exercise. This study demonstrates significant changes in VOC abundance resulting from exhaustive exercise. Further investigation of VOC changes along with other physiological measurements can help improve our understanding of the effect of exhaustive exercise on the body and subsequent differences in VOCs in exhaled breath.

剧烈运动可在肺部和人体其他部位引起独特的生理反应。呼出气体中的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)非常适合研究剧烈运动对肺部的影响,因为呼出气体的基质非常接近呼吸道。由于呼出气体中的挥发性有机化合物可能来自血液,因此其含量的变化也应能显示疲惫运动对人体产生的更广泛的生理影响。目前,有关剧烈运动对呼吸挥发性有机化合物影响的公开数据还很有限。呼吸具有很大的生物标记分析潜力,因为它可以非侵入性地收集,并捕捉实时的代谢变化,从而更好地了解疲惫运动的影响。在这项研究中,我们收集了一小部分参加 2019 年勃朗峰超级马拉松赛(UTMB)的精英选手的呼吸样本。最终分析包括 24 名受试者在赛前和赛后采集的配对样本。所有 48 份样本均使用带有 GC-Orbitrap™ 的呼吸活检平台,通过热脱附气相色谱-质谱法(TD-GC-MS)进行分析。Wilcoxon 符号秩检验用于确定赛前和赛后呼气样本中挥发性有机化合物丰度是否存在差异(调整后 p < 0.05)。我们在精英选手的呼气样本中总共鉴定出 793 种挥发性有机化合物。其中,63 种挥发性有机化合物在校正多重测试后显示出赛前和赛后样本之间的显著差异(12 种减少,51 种增加)。所发现的特定挥发性有机化合物表明,在剧烈运动时,脂肪酸氧化、炎症和肠道微生物组活动可能会发生改变。这项研究表明,剧烈运动会导致挥发性有机化合物丰度发生重大变化。进一步研究挥发性有机化合物的变化以及其他生理测量指标,有助于我们更好地了解剧烈运动对身体的影响以及呼出气体中挥发性有机化合物的差异。
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引用次数: 0
The optimization and comparison of two high-throughput faecal headspace sampling platforms: the microchamber/thermal extractor and hi-capacity sorptive extraction probes (HiSorb). 两种高通量粪便顶空采样平台的优化与比较:微室/热萃取器和高容量吸附萃取探针(HiSorb)。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad2002
Robert van Vorstenbosch, Alex Mommers, Daniëlle Pachen, Frederik-Jan van Schooten, Agnieszka Smolinska

Disease detection and monitoring using volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is becoming increasingly popular. For a variety of (gastrointestinal) diseases the microbiome should be considered. As its output is to large extent volatile, faecal volatilomics carries great potential. One technical limitation is that current faecal headspace analysis requires specialized instrumentation which is costly and typically does not work in harmony with thermal desorption units often utilized in e.g. exhaled breath studies. This lack of harmonization hinders uptake of such analyses by the Volatilomics community. Therefore, this study optimized and compared two recently harmonized faecal headspace sampling platforms:High-capacity Sorptive extraction (HiSorb) probesand theMicrochamber thermal extractor (Microchamber). Statistical design of experiment was applied to find optimal sampling conditions by maximizing reproducibility, the number of VOCs detected, and between subject variation. To foster general applicability those factors were defined using semi-targeted as well as untargeted metabolic profiles. HiSorb probes were found to result in a faster sampling procedure, higher number of detected VOCs, and higher stability. The headspace collection using the Microchamber resulted in a lower number of detected VOCs, longer sampling times and decreased stability despite a smaller number of interfering VOCs and no background signals. Based on the observed profiles, recommendations are provided on pre-processing and study design when using either one of both platforms. Both can be used to perform faecal headspace collection, but altogether HiSorb is recommended.

使用挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)进行疾病检测和监测正变得越来越流行。对于各种(胃肠道)疾病,都应考虑微生物组。由于粪便在很大程度上具有挥发性,因此粪便挥发物组学具有很大的潜力。一个技术限制是,目前的粪便顶空分析需要专门的仪器,这种仪器成本高昂,而且通常无法与呼气研究等常用的热脱附装置协调工作。这种不协调阻碍了挥发性有机物组学界对此类分析的接受。因此,本研究对最近统一的两种粪便顶空采样平台进行了优化和比较:高容量吸附萃取(HiSorb)探头和微室热萃取器(Microchamber)。实验统计设计(DOE)通过最大限度地提高重现性、检测到的挥发性有机化合物数量以及受试者之间的差异来找到最佳采样条件。为了提高这些因素的普遍适用性,使用了半靶标和非靶标代谢曲线来定义这些因素。结果发现,HiSorb 探针的采样过程更快,检测到的挥发性有机化合物数量更多,稳定性更高。使用 Microchamber 进行顶空采集,尽管干扰挥发性有机化合物数量较少且无背景信号,但检测到的挥发性有机化合物数量较少,采样时间较长,稳定性较差。根据观察到的情况,我们对使用这两种平台中的任何一种时的预处理和研究设计提出了建议。两种平台都可用于粪便顶空采集,但建议使用 HiSorb 平台。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics of extra-oral halitosis induced by functional constipation: a prospective cohort study. 功能性便秘诱发口外口臭的特征:一项前瞻性队列研究。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad2213
Xiao Xian Qian

Characteristics of extra-oral halitosis induced by functional constipation (FC) have never been revealed. To address this, this prospective cohort was conducted with 100 FC patients, who were divided into a halitosis group and a negative group. Organoleptic score (OLS) ⩾ 2 in nose breath was diagnosed as extra-oral halitosis. Concentration of overall volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) measured by Halimeter, concentration of hydrogen sulfide (HS), methanethiol (MT), dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and their total amount measured by OralChroma in nose breath was recorded asC-VSC,C-HS,C-MT,C-DMS andC-sum respectively. We found that 82% (82/100) of the FC patients had extra-oral halitosis. However, only 12.5% (3/82) and 1.22% (1/82) of halitosis group were correctly diagnosed with the current diagnostic threshold ofC-VSC ⩾ 110 parts per billion (ppb) and ⩾150 ppb.C-VSC,C-DMS andC-sum were significantly higher in the halitosis group compared to the negative group (allP< 0.001), with ratios of about 2.2 times, 3.1 times and 2.1 times respectively.C-HS andC-MT were low and not significantly different between the groups. Positive correlations were observed among OLS,C-VSC,C-DMS andC-sum. The area under curve of receiver operating characteristics ofC-VSC, C-DMS andC-sum for predicting FC-induced halitosis was 0.909, 0.9073 and 0.962 respectively, with the threshold values of ⩾36 ppb, ⩾52 ppb and ⩾75 ppb respectively. Therefore, we conclude that: (1) DMS is the primary contributor to FC-induced extra-oral halitosis. (2) OLS, Halimeter and OralChroma are consistent in detecting FC-induced extra-oral halitosis. (3) The diagnostic threshold for Halimeter should be adjusted toC-VSC ⩾ 36 ppb and the diagnostic threshold for OralChroma should be set asC-DMS ⩾ 52 ppb for diagnosing FC-induced extra-oral halitosis.

由功能性便秘(FC)引起的口外口臭的特征从未被揭示过。为了解决这个问题,我们对 100 名功能性便秘患者进行了前瞻性队列研究,并将他们分为口臭组和阴性组。鼻呼气的感官评分(OLS)≥ 2 分被诊断为口外口臭。用 Halimeter 测量鼻口气中总挥发性硫化合物(VSCs)的浓度,用 OralChroma 测量鼻口气中硫化氢(HS)、甲硫醇(MT)、二甲基硫醚(DMS)的浓度及其总量,分别记为 C-VSC、C-HS、C-MT、C-DMS 和 C-sum。我们发现,82%(82/100)的 FC 患者有口外口臭。然而,在口臭组中,只有 12.5%(3/82)和 1.22%(1/82)的患者能按照目前的诊断阈值(C-VSC ≥ 110 ppb 和 ≥ 150 ppb)得到正确诊断。与阴性组相比,口臭组的 C-VSC、C-DMS 和 C-sum 明显较高(均 P <0.001),比率分别约为 2.2 倍、3.1 倍和 2.1 倍。C-HS和C-MT较低,组间差异不明显。OLS、C-VSC、C-DMS 和 C-sum 之间呈正相关。C-VSC、C-DMS 和 C-sum 预测 FC 引起的口臭的接收器操作特征曲线下面积(ROC)分别为 0.909、0.9073 和 0.962,阈值分别为≥ 36 ppb、≥ 52 ppb 和≥ 75 ppb。因此,我们得出以下结论(1) DMS 是 FC 引起口外口臭的主要因素。(2)OLS、Halimeter 和 OralChroma 在检测 FC 引起的口外口臭方面具有一致性。(3)在诊断 FC 引起的口外口臭时,Halimeter 的诊断阈值应调整为 C-VSC ≥ 36 ppb,OralChroma 的诊断阈值应设定为 C-DMS ≥ 52 ppb。
{"title":"Characteristics of extra-oral halitosis induced by functional constipation: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Xiao Xian Qian","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad2213","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad2213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Characteristics of extra-oral halitosis induced by functional constipation (FC) have never been revealed. To address this, this prospective cohort was conducted with 100 FC patients, who were divided into a halitosis group and a negative group. Organoleptic score (OLS) ⩾ 2 in nose breath was diagnosed as extra-oral halitosis. Concentration of overall volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) measured by Halimeter, concentration of hydrogen sulfide (HS), methanethiol (MT), dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and their total amount measured by OralChroma in nose breath was recorded as<i>C</i>-VSC,<i>C</i>-HS,<i>C</i>-MT,<i>C</i>-DMS and<i>C</i>-sum respectively. We found that 82% (82/100) of the FC patients had extra-oral halitosis. However, only 12.5% (3/82) and 1.22% (1/82) of halitosis group were correctly diagnosed with the current diagnostic threshold of<i>C</i>-VSC ⩾ 110 parts per billion (ppb) and ⩾150 ppb.<i>C</i>-VSC,<i>C</i>-DMS and<i>C</i>-sum were significantly higher in the halitosis group compared to the negative group (all<i>P</i>< 0.001), with ratios of about 2.2 times, 3.1 times and 2.1 times respectively.<i>C</i>-HS and<i>C</i>-MT were low and not significantly different between the groups. Positive correlations were observed among OLS,<i>C</i>-VSC,<i>C</i>-DMS and<i>C</i>-sum. The area under curve of receiver operating characteristics of<i>C</i>-VSC<i>, C</i>-DMS and<i>C</i>-sum for predicting FC-induced halitosis was 0.909, 0.9073 and 0.962 respectively, with the threshold values of ⩾36 ppb, ⩾52 ppb and ⩾75 ppb respectively. Therefore, we conclude that: (1) DMS is the primary contributor to FC-induced extra-oral halitosis. (2) OLS, Halimeter and OralChroma are consistent in detecting FC-induced extra-oral halitosis. (3) The diagnostic threshold for Halimeter should be adjusted to<i>C</i>-VSC ⩾ 36 ppb and the diagnostic threshold for OralChroma should be set as<i>C</i>-DMS ⩾ 52 ppb for diagnosing FC-induced extra-oral halitosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139546539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enterogenous extra-oral halitosis has a more severe impact on quality of life in females compared to males. 与男性相比,肠源性口外口臭对女性生活质量的影响更为严重。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-01-25 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad2003
Xiao Xian Qian

Some studies have examined the impact of intra-oral halitosis on quality of life (QOL), but the impact of enterogenous extra-oral halitosis (EOH) on QOL has not been previously studied. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from 88 patients with enterogenous EOH who visited our online halitosis clinic. A specialized halitosis associated life-quality test (HALT) questionnaire was used to assess QOL of these patients. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between HALT score and age. We found that 21 (23.86%) patients were male and 67 (76.14%) patients were female. HALT scores in females were significantly higher than in males (57.6 ± 13.6vs.45.5 ± 11.9,P< 0.001). Additionally, 13 of the 20 items of the HALT questionnaire showed significant differences between the sexes. No correlation was identified between HALT score and age. Therefore, we conclude that: (1) enterogenous EOH has a more severe impact on QOL in females compared to males. (2) More females with EOH visit the offline halitosis clinic compared to males. (3) The QOL of patients with enterogenous EOH does not decline with age.

一些研究探讨了口内口臭对生活质量(QOL)的影响,但此前尚未研究过肠源性口外口臭(EOH)对生活质量的影响。我们对 88 名就诊于在线口臭门诊的肠源性口臭患者的数据进行了回顾性分析。我们使用专门的口臭相关生活质量测试(HALT)问卷来评估这些患者的 QOL。为了研究 HALT 分数与年龄之间的关系,我们进行了斯皮尔曼相关分析。我们发现,21 名(23.86%)患者为男性,67 名(76.14%)患者为女性。女性的 HALT 分数明显高于男性(57.6 ± 13.6 vs. 45.5 ± 11.9,P < 0.001)。此外,在 HALT 问卷的 20 个项目中,有 13 个项目在性别上有显著差异。HALT 分数与年龄之间没有相关性。因此,我们得出以下结论(1) 与男性相比,女性肠源性 EOH 对 QOL 的影响更为严重。(2)与男性相比,更多患有肠源性 EOH 的女性前往线下口臭诊所就诊。(3)肠源性 EOH 患者的 QOL 不会随年龄增长而下降。
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引用次数: 0
Exhaled breath is found to be better than blood samples for determining propofol concentrations in the brain tissues of rats. 在测定大鼠脑组织中的异丙酚浓度时,发现呼气比血液样本更好。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad1d65
Xiaoxiao Li, Pan Chang, Xing Liu, Yi Kang, Zhongjun Zhao, Yixiang Duan, Jin Liu, Wensheng Zhang

The correlation between propofol concentration in exhaled breath (CE) and plasma (CP) has been well-established, but its applicability for estimating the concentration in brain tissues (CB) remains unknown. Given the impracticality of directly sampling human brain tissues, rats are commonly used as a pharmacokinetic model due to their similar drug-metabolizing processes to humans. In this study, we measuredCE,CP, andCBin mechanically ventilated rats injected with propofol. Exhaled breath samples from the rats were collected every 20 s and analyzed using our team's developed vacuum ultraviolet time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Additionally, femoral artery blood samples and brain tissue samples at different time points were collected and measured using high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The results demonstrated that propofol concentration in exhaled breath exhibited stronger correlations with that in brain tissues compared to plasma levels, suggesting its potential suitability for reflecting anesthetic action sites' concentrations and anesthesia titration. Our study provides valuable animal data supporting future clinical applications.

丙泊酚在呼出气体(CE)和血浆(CP)中的浓度之间的相关性已得到证实,但其是否适用于估计脑组织(CB)中的浓度仍是未知数。由于直接采集人类脑组织样本并不现实,大鼠的药物代谢过程与人类相似,因此通常被用作药代动力学模型。在本研究中,我们测量了注射异丙酚的机械通气大鼠的 CE、CP 和 CB。每隔 20 秒收集一次大鼠的呼气样本,并使用我们团队开发的真空紫外飞行时间质谱(VUV TOF-MS)进行分析。此外,还收集了不同时间点的股动脉血样本和脑组织样本,并使用高效液相色谱质谱法进行了测定。结果表明,与血浆水平相比,呼出气体中的异丙酚浓度与脑组织中的异丙酚浓度具有更强的相关性,这表明异丙酚可能适用于反映麻醉作用部位的浓度和麻醉滴定。我们的研究为未来的临床应用提供了宝贵的动物数据支持。
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引用次数: 0
Real-time breath analysis towards a healthy human breath profile. 实时呼吸分析,建立健康的人体呼吸曲线。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad1cf1
Zachary Joseph Sasiene, Erick Scott LeBrun, Eric Schaller, Phillip Michael Mach, Robert Taylor, Lionel Candelaria, Trevor Griffiths Glaros, Justin Baca, Ethan Matthew McBride

The direct analysis of molecules contained within human breath has had significant implications for clinical and diagnostic applications in recent decades. However, attempts to compare one study to another or to reproduce previous work are hampered by: variability between sampling methodologies, human phenotypic variability, complex interactions between compounds within breath, and confounding signals from comorbidities. Towards this end, we have endeavored to create an averaged healthy human 'profile' against which follow-on studies might be compared. Through the use of direct secondary electrospray ionization combined with a high-resolution mass spectrometry and in-house bioinformatics pipeline, we seek to curate an average healthy human profile for breath and use this model to distinguish differences inter- and intra-day for human volunteers. Breath samples were significantly different in PERMANOVA analysis and ANOSIM analysis based on Time of Day, Participant ID, Date of Sample, Sex of Participant, and Age of Participant (p< 0.001). Optimal binning analysis identify strong associations between specific features and variables. These include 227 breath features identified as unique identifiers for 28 of the 31 participants. Four signals were identified to be strongly associated with female participants and one with male participants. A total of 37 signals were identified to be strongly associated with the time-of-day samples were taken. Threshold indicator taxa analysis indicated a shift in significant breath features across the age gradient of participants with peak disruption of breath metabolites occurring at around age 32. Forty-eight features were identified after filtering from which a healthy human breath profile for all participants was created.

近几十年来,对人体呼气中所含分子的直接分析对临床和诊断应用产生了重大影响。然而,将一项研究与另一项研究进行比较或复制以前的工作受到以下因素的阻碍:采样方法之间的差异、人类表型的差异、呼气中化合物之间复杂的相互作用以及合并症带来的干扰信号。为此,我们努力创建一个平均的健康人 "档案",以便后续研究进行比较。通过使用直接二次电喷雾离子化技术(SESI),结合高分辨率质谱仪(HRMS)和内部生物信息学管道,我们试图为呼出的气体建立一个平均的健康人档案,并利用这一模型来区分人类志愿者在不同日期之间和不同日期之内的差异。在 PERMANOVA 分析和 ANOSIM 分析中,根据每天的时间、参与者 ID、样本日期、参与者性别和参与者年龄,呼吸样本存在显著差异(p
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引用次数: 0
How well does your e-nose detect cancer? Application of artificial breath analysis for performance assessment. 您的电子鼻对癌症的检测效果如何?应用人工呼气分析进行性能评估。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad1d64
Justin D M Martin, Falzone Claudia, Anne-Claude Romain

Comparing electronic nose (e-nose) performance is a challenging task because of a lack of standardised method. This paper proposes a method for defining and quantifying an indicator of the effectiveness of multi-sensor systems in detecting cancers by artificial breath analysis. To build this method, an evaluation of the performances of an array of metal oxide sensors built for use as a lung cancer screening tool was conducted. Breath from 20 healthy volunteers has been sampled in fluorinated ethylene propylene sampling bags. These healthy samples were analysed with and without the addition of nine volatile organic compound (VOC) cancer biomarkers, chosen from literature. The concentration of the VOC added was done in increasing amounts. The more VOC were added, the better the discrimination between 'healthy' samples (breath without additives) and 'cancer' samples (breath with additives) was. By determining at which level of concentration the e-nose fails to reliably discriminate between the two groups, we estimate its ability to well predict the presence of the disease or not in a realistic situation. In this work, a home-made e-nose is put to the test. The results underline that the biomarkers need to be about 5.3 times higher in concentration than in real breath for the home-made nose to tell the difference between groups with a sufficient confidence.

由于缺乏标准化的方法,比较电子鼻的性能是一项具有挑战性的任务。本文提出了一种通过人工呼气分析来定义和量化多传感器系统检测癌症有效性指标的方法。为了建立这种方法,我们对用于肺癌筛查工具的金属氧化物传感器阵列的性能进行了评估。20 名健康志愿者的呼吸样本被装入 FEP 采样袋中。在分析这些健康样本时,分别添加和不添加从文献中选择的 9 种挥发性有机化合物癌症生物标志物。添加的挥发性有机化合物的浓度逐量增加。添加的挥发性有机化合物越多,"健康 "样本(未添加添加剂的呼气)和 "癌症 "样本(添加添加剂的呼气)之间的区分度就越高。通过确定电子鼻在哪种浓度水平上无法可靠地区分两组,我们可以估算出电子鼻在现实情况下预测疾病存在与否的能力。在这项工作中,我们对自制的电子鼻进行了测试。结果表明,生物标记物的浓度需要比真实呼吸浓度高出约 5.3 倍,自制电子鼻才能以足够的可信度区分不同组别。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of breath acetone monitoring in reducing body fat and improving body composition: a randomized controlled study. 呼吸丙酮监测对减少体脂和改善身体成分的效果:随机对照研究
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad1b19
Seonggyu Choi, Minsuk Oh, Okimitsu Oyama, Dong-Hyuk Park, Sunghyun Hong, Tae Ho Lee, Junho Hwang, Hyun-Sook Lee, Yong-Sahm Choe, Wooyoung Lee, Justin Y Jeon

When attempts to lose body fat mass frequently fail, breath acetone (BA) monitoring may assist fat mass loss during a low-carbohydrate diet as it can provide real-time body fat oxidation levels. This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of monitoring BA levels and providing feedback on fat oxidation during a three-week low-carbohydrate diet intervention. Forty-seven participants (mean age = 27.8 ± 4.4 years, 53.3% females, body mass index = 24.1 ± 3.4 kg m-2) were randomly assigned to three groups (1:1:1 ratio): daily BA assessment with a low-carbohydrate diet, body weight assessment (body scale (BS)) with a low-carbohydrate diet, and low-carbohydrate diet only. Primary outcome was the change in fat mass and secondary outcomes were the changes in body weight and body composition. Forty-five participants completed the study (compliance rate: 95.7%). Fat mass was significantly reduced in all three groups (allP< 0.05); however, the greatest reduction in fat mass was observed in the BA group compared to the BS (differences in changes in fat mass, -1.1 kg; 95% confidence interval: -2.3, -0.2;P= 0.040) and control (differences in changes in fat mass, -1.3 kg; 95% confidence interval: -2.1, -0.4;P= 0.013) groups. The BA group showed significantly greater reductions in body weight and visceral fat mass than the BS and control groups (allP< 0.05). In addition, the percent body fat and skeletal muscle mass were significantly reduced in both BA and BS groups (allP< 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in changes in body fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass between the study groups. Monitoring BA levels, which could have motivated participants to adhere more closely to the low-carbohydrate diet, to assess body fat oxidation rates may be an effective intervention for reducing body fat mass (compared to body weight assessment or control conditions). This approach could be beneficial for individuals seeking to manage body fat and prevent obesity.

当试图减少体内脂肪量的努力经常失败时,呼气丙酮监测可提供实时的体内脂肪氧化水平,因此可能有助于在低碳水化合物饮食期间减少脂肪量。这项随机对照研究旨在评估在为期三周的低碳水化合物饮食干预期间监测呼气丙酮水平和提供脂肪氧化反馈的有效性。47名参与者(平均年龄=27.8±4.4岁,女性占53.3%,体重指数=24.1±3.4 kg/m2)被随机分配到三组(1:1:1比例):每日呼气丙酮评估与低碳水化合物饮食组、体重评估(体重秤)与低碳水化合物饮食组和仅低碳水化合物饮食组。主要结果是脂肪量的变化,次要结果是体重和身体成分的变化。45 名参与者完成了研究(符合率:95.7%)。所有三个组的脂肪量都明显减少(P
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引用次数: 0
Non-invasive detection of renal disease biomarkers through breath analysis. 通过呼气分析无创检测肾病生物标志物。
IF 3.8 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad15fb
Manoj Khokhar

Breath biomarkers are substances found in exhaled breath that can be used for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of medical conditions, including kidney disease. Detection techniques include mass spectrometry (MS), gas chromatography (GC), and electrochemical sensors. Biosensors, such as GC-MS or electronic nose (e-nose) devices, can be used to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath associated with metabolic changes in the body, including the kidneys. E-nose devices could provide an early indication of potential kidney problems through the detection of VOCs associated with kidney dysfunction. This review discusses the sources of breath biomarkers for monitoring renal disease during dialysis and different biosensor approaches for detecting exhaled breath biomarkers. The future of using various types of biosensor-based real-time breathing diagnosis for renal failure is also discussed.

呼吸生物标记物是在呼出的气体中发现的物质,可用于非侵入性诊断和监测包括肾脏疾病在内的病症。检测技术包括质谱法、气相色谱法和电化学传感器。生物传感器,如气相色谱-质谱法或电子鼻(e-nose)装置,可用于检测呼出气体中与人体(包括肾脏)新陈代谢变化有关的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)。电子鼻设备可以通过检测与肾功能障碍相关的挥发性有机化合物,及早发现潜在的肾脏问题。本综述讨论了透析期间监测肾脏疾病的呼气生物标记物的来源以及检测呼气生物标记物的不同生物传感器方法。此外,还讨论了使用各种基于生物传感器的实时呼吸诊断肾衰竭的前景。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of breath research
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