Yejin Li, C. Dai, E. Clancy, A. Christie, P. Bonato, K. McGill
The reliability of automated electromyogram (EMG) decomposition algorithms is important in clinical and scientific studies. In this paper, we analyzed the performance of two multi-channel decomposition algorithms -- Montreal and Fuzzy Expert using both experimental and simulated data. Comparison data consisted of quadrifiler needle EMG from the tibialis anterior muscle of 12 subjects (young and elderly) at three contraction levels (10, 20 and 50% MVC), and matched simulation data. Performance was assessed via agreement between the two algorithms for experimental data and accuracy with respect to the known decomposition for simulated data. For the experimental data, median agreement between the Montreal and Fuzzy Expert algorithms at 10, 20 and 50% MVC was 95.7, 86.4 and 64.8%, respectively. For the simulation data, median accuracy was 99.8%, 100% and 95.9% for Montreal, and 100%, 98% and 93.5% for Fuzzy Expert at the different contraction levels.
{"title":"Cross-Comparison between Two Multi-channel EMG Decomposition Algorithms Assessed with Experimental and Simulated Data","authors":"Yejin Li, C. Dai, E. Clancy, A. Christie, P. Bonato, K. McGill","doi":"10.1109/NEBEC.2013.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBEC.2013.72","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability of automated electromyogram (EMG) decomposition algorithms is important in clinical and scientific studies. In this paper, we analyzed the performance of two multi-channel decomposition algorithms -- Montreal and Fuzzy Expert using both experimental and simulated data. Comparison data consisted of quadrifiler needle EMG from the tibialis anterior muscle of 12 subjects (young and elderly) at three contraction levels (10, 20 and 50% MVC), and matched simulation data. Performance was assessed via agreement between the two algorithms for experimental data and accuracy with respect to the known decomposition for simulated data. For the experimental data, median agreement between the Montreal and Fuzzy Expert algorithms at 10, 20 and 50% MVC was 95.7, 86.4 and 64.8%, respectively. For the simulation data, median accuracy was 99.8%, 100% and 95.9% for Montreal, and 100%, 98% and 93.5% for Fuzzy Expert at the different contraction levels.","PeriodicalId":153112,"journal":{"name":"2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124187556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Breseman, Christopher L. Lee, B. Bloch, C. Jaffe
This paper describes the development of a procedure to generate patient-specific, three-dimensional (3D) solid models of prostates (and related anatomy) from magnetic resonance (MR) images. The 3D models are rendered in STL file format which can be physically printed or visualized on a holographic display system. An example is presented in which a 3D model is printed following this procedure.
{"title":"Constructing 3D-Printable CAD Models of Prostates from MR Images","authors":"K. Breseman, Christopher L. Lee, B. Bloch, C. Jaffe","doi":"10.1109/NEBEC.2013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBEC.2013.8","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development of a procedure to generate patient-specific, three-dimensional (3D) solid models of prostates (and related anatomy) from magnetic resonance (MR) images. The 3D models are rendered in STL file format which can be physically printed or visualized on a holographic display system. An example is presented in which a 3D model is printed following this procedure.","PeriodicalId":153112,"journal":{"name":"2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123038749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Apte, Lydia Tam, Angela Han, M. Zhu, M. Ashraf, D. Sahn, Zhijun Zhang
Strain determination in fetal hearts is essential but conventional methods do not provide opportunities for orthogonal strain analysis and require the use of EKG-gating. A new non-gated 4D echocardiography method was tested for accuracy in strain computation. Fifteen rabbit hearts were studied. Each heart was mounted in a water tank to facilitate ultrasound scanning, connected to a calibrated pump by a balloon sutured into the left ventricle (LV), and pumped at Stroke Volumes (SV) 1-5 ml and Stroke Rates (SR) 40 and 80 bpm. Three 0.7mm sonomicrometry crystals were secured in the myocardium to conduct longitudinal strain (LS) and circumferential strain (CS) measurements. At each SV and each SR, 4D images were obtained by an X6-1 probe interfaced with the Philips iU-22 ultrasound system while sonomicrometry displacement was recorded. This process was performed pre and post simulated myocardial infarction (MI). 4D images were analyzed offline for strain by a MATLAB-based program. 4D echocardiography-derived strain data correlated with sonomicrometry-derived strain at each SV (CS: R2 = 0.91, p<;0.05; LS: R2 = 0.87, p<;0.05). A decrease in strain post-MI was detected by both echocardiography and sonomicrometry. Non-gated 4D echocardiography is an accurate method for strain determination of fetal hearts.
{"title":"Evaluation of Circumferential and Longitudinal Strain in a Rabbit Fetal Heart Model Using 4D Echocardiography","authors":"V. Apte, Lydia Tam, Angela Han, M. Zhu, M. Ashraf, D. Sahn, Zhijun Zhang","doi":"10.1109/NEBEC.2013.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBEC.2013.18","url":null,"abstract":"Strain determination in fetal hearts is essential but conventional methods do not provide opportunities for orthogonal strain analysis and require the use of EKG-gating. A new non-gated 4D echocardiography method was tested for accuracy in strain computation. Fifteen rabbit hearts were studied. Each heart was mounted in a water tank to facilitate ultrasound scanning, connected to a calibrated pump by a balloon sutured into the left ventricle (LV), and pumped at Stroke Volumes (SV) 1-5 ml and Stroke Rates (SR) 40 and 80 bpm. Three 0.7mm sonomicrometry crystals were secured in the myocardium to conduct longitudinal strain (LS) and circumferential strain (CS) measurements. At each SV and each SR, 4D images were obtained by an X6-1 probe interfaced with the Philips iU-22 ultrasound system while sonomicrometry displacement was recorded. This process was performed pre and post simulated myocardial infarction (MI). 4D images were analyzed offline for strain by a MATLAB-based program. 4D echocardiography-derived strain data correlated with sonomicrometry-derived strain at each SV (CS: R2 = 0.91, p<;0.05; LS: R2 = 0.87, p<;0.05). A decrease in strain post-MI was detected by both echocardiography and sonomicrometry. Non-gated 4D echocardiography is an accurate method for strain determination of fetal hearts.","PeriodicalId":153112,"journal":{"name":"2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116671020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julie C. Kohn, François Bordeleau, C. Reinhart-King
During plaque formation, vascular smooth muscle cells migrate from the medial layer into the intima. The exact mechanism by which vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) invade through the extracellular matrix into the intimal layer remains unclear. VSMCs have been shown to exhibit podosomes, sub-cellular structures known to release matrix metalloproteinases. Here, we investigated the formation and matrix degrading ability of podosomes in VSMCs before and after treatment with phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC). Using a fluorescently-labeled gelatin substrate, we find that VSMC degrade matrix even in the absence of observable podosome formation. However, the extent of degradation is significantly increased when podosome formation is induced using PDBu. Our current work is expanding these studies to identify the physical triggers of podosome formation in the in vivo microenvironment.
{"title":"Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Matrix-Degradation by Podosomes","authors":"Julie C. Kohn, François Bordeleau, C. Reinhart-King","doi":"10.1109/NEBEC.2013.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBEC.2013.151","url":null,"abstract":"During plaque formation, vascular smooth muscle cells migrate from the medial layer into the intima. The exact mechanism by which vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) invade through the extracellular matrix into the intimal layer remains unclear. VSMCs have been shown to exhibit podosomes, sub-cellular structures known to release matrix metalloproteinases. Here, we investigated the formation and matrix degrading ability of podosomes in VSMCs before and after treatment with phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC). Using a fluorescently-labeled gelatin substrate, we find that VSMC degrade matrix even in the absence of observable podosome formation. However, the extent of degradation is significantly increased when podosome formation is induced using PDBu. Our current work is expanding these studies to identify the physical triggers of podosome formation in the in vivo microenvironment.","PeriodicalId":153112,"journal":{"name":"2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127613571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditionally, critical-size defects have been treated using autologous bone grafts which, while being effective, have limitations that include donor site scarcity, additional pain, and donor site morbidity. Synthetic scaffolds show promise as alternate graft materials, but current scaffolds have limitations associated with filling and conforming to the defect site. In this study, we aimed to synthesize a cytocompatible scaffold with shape memory functionality that could address limitations associated with filling and conforming to the defect site. To achieve this goal we employed a porogen-leaching technique to fabricate a shape memory poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) foam capable of expanding to fill space under physiological temperatures. Tuning of the recovery temperature to a physiological temperature was achieved by copolymerizing with a second, hydrophilic polymer, as well as by varying the deformation temperature. The scaffold showed excellent shape fixing and shape recovery, and the transition temperature was tuned to a physiological range. Preliminary cell studies showed qualitatively that cells remain viable and proliferate on the scaffold.
{"title":"Shape Memory Scaffold with a Tunable Recovery Temperature for Filling Critical-Size Bone Defects","authors":"R. M. Baker, J. H. Henderson, P. Mather","doi":"10.1109/NEBEC.2013.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBEC.2013.159","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, critical-size defects have been treated using autologous bone grafts which, while being effective, have limitations that include donor site scarcity, additional pain, and donor site morbidity. Synthetic scaffolds show promise as alternate graft materials, but current scaffolds have limitations associated with filling and conforming to the defect site. In this study, we aimed to synthesize a cytocompatible scaffold with shape memory functionality that could address limitations associated with filling and conforming to the defect site. To achieve this goal we employed a porogen-leaching technique to fabricate a shape memory poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) foam capable of expanding to fill space under physiological temperatures. Tuning of the recovery temperature to a physiological temperature was achieved by copolymerizing with a second, hydrophilic polymer, as well as by varying the deformation temperature. The scaffold showed excellent shape fixing and shape recovery, and the transition temperature was tuned to a physiological range. Preliminary cell studies showed qualitatively that cells remain viable and proliferate on the scaffold.","PeriodicalId":153112,"journal":{"name":"2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116680405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plexins are large transmembrane receptors known to interact with neuropilin 2 co-receptors and semaphorin ligands to regulate neuronal development. These receptors and ligands have recently been implicated in assisting cancer metastasis. While it is understood that plexin signaling occurs via Ras GTPase-activating proteins (Ras GAPs) and semaphorin binding occurs extracellularly, little is understood about the role of the transmembrane (TM) and cytosolic juxtamembrane (CYTO) regions in signaling and oligomerization. In this study, we focus on plexin A3 (PlA3) and show that individual amino acids in the TM and CYTO regions influence homooligomerization and, subsequently, function. We propose a model for the PlA3 oligomerization interface and use site-directed mutagenesis and the AraTM method to identify the role of individual amino acids in the TM-CYTO region that influence this oligomerization. Bioluminescent resonance energy transfer was used to confirm the impact of select amino acids on oligomerization in a mammalian cell membrane with a truncated receptor.
{"title":"Identifying a Structural Basis for Plexin A3 Homomeric Interactions","authors":"Rachael Barton, B. Berger, M. Iovine","doi":"10.1109/NEBEC.2013.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBEC.2013.100","url":null,"abstract":"Plexins are large transmembrane receptors known to interact with neuropilin 2 co-receptors and semaphorin ligands to regulate neuronal development. These receptors and ligands have recently been implicated in assisting cancer metastasis. While it is understood that plexin signaling occurs via Ras GTPase-activating proteins (Ras GAPs) and semaphorin binding occurs extracellularly, little is understood about the role of the transmembrane (TM) and cytosolic juxtamembrane (CYTO) regions in signaling and oligomerization. In this study, we focus on plexin A3 (PlA3) and show that individual amino acids in the TM and CYTO regions influence homooligomerization and, subsequently, function. We propose a model for the PlA3 oligomerization interface and use site-directed mutagenesis and the AraTM method to identify the role of individual amino acids in the TM-CYTO region that influence this oligomerization. Bioluminescent resonance energy transfer was used to confirm the impact of select amino acids on oligomerization in a mammalian cell membrane with a truncated receptor.","PeriodicalId":153112,"journal":{"name":"2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114206358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been demonstrated that whitening the surface electromyogram (EMG) improves EMG amplitude (EMGσ) estimation. But, due to the wide bandwidth ranges often used when whitening, custom high-cost electrodes (bandwidth of ~2000 Hz) have been used. This paper investigates the effect of limiting the bandwidth for the whitened EMG data. The change in the average error of EMG to torque estimation was observed for 54 subjects over different whitening bandwidths ranging from 20-2000 Hz. We found that the average error remained the same for bandwidth limits between 600 Hz to 2000 Hz, suggesting that wider EMG electrodes were not helpful with this data set.
{"title":"EMG Bandwidth used in Signal Whitening","authors":"Meera Dasog, Kishor Koirala, Pu Liu, E. Clancy","doi":"10.1109/NEBEC.2013.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBEC.2013.87","url":null,"abstract":"It has been demonstrated that whitening the surface electromyogram (EMG) improves EMG amplitude (EMGσ) estimation. But, due to the wide bandwidth ranges often used when whitening, custom high-cost electrodes (bandwidth of ~2000 Hz) have been used. This paper investigates the effect of limiting the bandwidth for the whitened EMG data. The change in the average error of EMG to torque estimation was observed for 54 subjects over different whitening bandwidths ranging from 20-2000 Hz. We found that the average error remained the same for bandwidth limits between 600 Hz to 2000 Hz, suggesting that wider EMG electrodes were not helpful with this data set.","PeriodicalId":153112,"journal":{"name":"2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127076077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hemmasizadeh, R. Cheheltani, S. Assari, N. Pleshko, K. Darvish
Aorta is composed of distinct anatomical layers and components with different mechanical characteristics. Understanding and characterization of the interactions between aorta building blocks and their mechanical properties enable us to quantify changes that may occur in the material behavior of aorta as a result of cardiovascular diseases. In the present work the microstructural and components' heterogeneity along the porcine thoracic aorta wall thickness was studied with histology and infrared spectroscopy, and the changes were correlated to the mechanical properties along the wall thickness determined from nanoindentation tests. Two layers of equal thickness were distinguishable based on the radial variations in the instantaneous Young's modulus E, elastic lamellae density (ELD) as calculated from histology, and the total amount of protein as determined from infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that compared with the inner half, the outer half layer is stiffer, elastic lamellae are denser and total protein content is higher. ELD and total protein are strongly correlated with mechanical properties. It is likely that disruption of this balance has a major effect on cardiovascular health and disease.
{"title":"Spatial Variation in Aorta Composition and Correlation with Mechanical Properties","authors":"A. Hemmasizadeh, R. Cheheltani, S. Assari, N. Pleshko, K. Darvish","doi":"10.1109/NEBEC.2013.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBEC.2013.140","url":null,"abstract":"Aorta is composed of distinct anatomical layers and components with different mechanical characteristics. Understanding and characterization of the interactions between aorta building blocks and their mechanical properties enable us to quantify changes that may occur in the material behavior of aorta as a result of cardiovascular diseases. In the present work the microstructural and components' heterogeneity along the porcine thoracic aorta wall thickness was studied with histology and infrared spectroscopy, and the changes were correlated to the mechanical properties along the wall thickness determined from nanoindentation tests. Two layers of equal thickness were distinguishable based on the radial variations in the instantaneous Young's modulus E, elastic lamellae density (ELD) as calculated from histology, and the total amount of protein as determined from infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that compared with the inner half, the outer half layer is stiffer, elastic lamellae are denser and total protein content is higher. ELD and total protein are strongly correlated with mechanical properties. It is likely that disruption of this balance has a major effect on cardiovascular health and disease.","PeriodicalId":153112,"journal":{"name":"2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125212717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Gomez-Bule, Raul Broto-Cervera, C. Hsiao, R. Perez-Castillejos
Metallic mirrors are important components of optomicrofluidic systems for their good reflection properties. Their use, however, has remained challenging due to their difficult integration. We describe the integration of Indium (In) mirrors into microfluidic devices for optical detection using an approach that is fast, simple, and inexpensive.
{"title":"Integrated Indium Micromirrors for Optofluidics","authors":"Rafael Gomez-Bule, Raul Broto-Cervera, C. Hsiao, R. Perez-Castillejos","doi":"10.1109/NEBEC.2013.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBEC.2013.105","url":null,"abstract":"Metallic mirrors are important components of optomicrofluidic systems for their good reflection properties. Their use, however, has remained challenging due to their difficult integration. We describe the integration of Indium (In) mirrors into microfluidic devices for optical detection using an approach that is fast, simple, and inexpensive.","PeriodicalId":153112,"journal":{"name":"2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131015273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to determine whether a calcium phosphate-based synthetic bone mineral (SBM) could increase bone strength by preventing bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and accelerated by a combination of a low mineral diet plus corticosteroid injections in a large animal (ovine) model. Twenty-eight sheep were randomly allocated to four different groups: sham-operated, ovariectomy, SBM without fluoride (-F), and SBM with fluoride (+F). After eight months of treatment the sheep were sacrificed. There was a significant difference in the peak load, shear stress, stiffness, and density of the cancellous bone between the four different groups. Specifically, when the SBM with fluoride was compared to the ovariectomy group there was a significant improvement in peak load (p<;0.05), shear stress (p<;0.05), stiffness (p<;0.05), and density (p<;0.01) in the cancellous bone.
{"title":"Shear Properties of Cancellous Bone from Osteoporotic Sheep Treated with Synthetic Bone Mineral","authors":"G. Feuer, James Bennett, S. Saha, D. Mijares","doi":"10.1109/NEBEC.2013.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NEBEC.2013.137","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine whether a calcium phosphate-based synthetic bone mineral (SBM) could increase bone strength by preventing bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and accelerated by a combination of a low mineral diet plus corticosteroid injections in a large animal (ovine) model. Twenty-eight sheep were randomly allocated to four different groups: sham-operated, ovariectomy, SBM without fluoride (-F), and SBM with fluoride (+F). After eight months of treatment the sheep were sacrificed. There was a significant difference in the peak load, shear stress, stiffness, and density of the cancellous bone between the four different groups. Specifically, when the SBM with fluoride was compared to the ovariectomy group there was a significant improvement in peak load (p<;0.05), shear stress (p<;0.05), stiffness (p<;0.05), and density (p<;0.01) in the cancellous bone.","PeriodicalId":153112,"journal":{"name":"2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132911459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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