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2023 IEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW)最新文献

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Physical Model and Characteristics of 3D NAND Memory Cell Metastability Issues under High Temperature Stress 高温胁迫下三维NAND存储单元亚稳态问题的物理模型与特性
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/IMW56887.2023.10145938
A. Bicksler, C. Miccoli, Srinath Venkatesan
A new memory device behavior has been experimentally identified and investigated in 3D NAND devices. The experimental results show that the memory device characteristics pertaining to channel properties are degraded through hightemperature stress and can be subsequentially annealed depending upon the Vt level of the cell. This newly identified NAND memory cell metastability issue is characterized and the mechanism is identified as an increase in polysilicon trap density from alternate bonding configurations within the channel film/interfaces post hydrogen passivation.
在三维NAND器件中,实验确定并研究了一种新的存储器件行为。实验结果表明,与通道特性有关的存储器件特性在高温应力下会退化,并且可以根据电池的Vt水平随后退火。这一新发现的NAND存储单元亚稳态问题被表征,其机制被确定为氢钝化后通道膜/界面内交替键合配置导致多晶硅陷阱密度增加。
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引用次数: 1
Trends and Future Challenges of 3D NAND Flash Memory 3D NAND快闪记忆体的趋势与未来挑战
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/IMW56887.2023.10145825
S. Shim, J. Jang, J. Song
NAND flash memory industry has made significant progress in the density and technology since the introduction of 3D NAND flash memory. It took only a few years to change the mainstream of the NAND flash memory from 2D NAND to 3D NAND thanks to its superior cell characteristics with bit cost scalability in spite of the difficulties in process. Up to now, 3D NAND technology also has been advancing rapidly, driving bit growth scaling with the increase in the number of vertical word lines. However, NAND flash memory industry is constantly encountering the new challenges in terms of the capacity and performance. In this paper, we review trends and key technologies during the evolution of 3D NAND flash memory and the challenges NAND industry need to solve to meet the growing market requirement.
自3D NAND闪存问世以来,NAND闪存产业在密度和技术方面取得了重大进展。NAND闪存的主流从2D NAND转变为3D NAND仅用了几年的时间,这得益于其优越的单元特性和位成本可扩展性,尽管在工艺上存在困难。到目前为止,3D NAND技术也一直在快速发展,随着垂直字线数量的增加,比特增长规模也在不断扩大。然而,NAND闪存产业在容量和性能方面不断遇到新的挑战。在本文中,我们回顾了3D NAND闪存的发展趋势和关键技术,以及NAND产业需要解决的挑战,以满足不断增长的市场需求。
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引用次数: 2
Multi-Level Operation of Ferroelectric FET Memory Arrays for Compute-In-Memory Applications 用于内存中计算应用的铁电场效应晶体管存储阵列的多级操作
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/IMW56887.2023.10145940
F. Müller, S. De, M. Lederer, R. Hoffmann, R. Olivo, T. Kämpfe, K. Seidel, T. Ali, H. Mulaosmanovic, Stefan Dünkel, J. Müller, S. Beyer, G. Gerlach
We report on the multi-level-cell (MLC) operation of AND-connected ferroelectric FET (FeFET) arrays and their suitability for Compute-in-Memory (CiM) applications. The switching behavior and device variation of FeFETs in a passive AND array test-structure configuration is investigated. From this, we derive suitable write schemes and inhibit schemes capable of protecting any FeFET state. This enables the MLC operation of the AND arrays, yielding a performance suitable for CiM applications. We investigate the impact of the obtained bit-error-rate (BER) of 4% in inference-only operation, which shows only a 1% degradation from the floating-point (FP) accuracy for CIFAR-10 datasets with LeNET.
我们报告了和连接的铁电场效应管(FeFET)阵列的多层单元(MLC)操作及其在内存计算(CiM)应用中的适用性。研究了无源与阵列测试结构中效应场效应管的开关行为和器件变化。在此基础上,我们推导出了合适的写入方案和抑制方案,可以保护任何场效应晶体管的状态。这使与阵列的MLC操作成为可能,从而产生适合CiM应用的性能。我们研究了在纯推理操作中获得的误码率(BER)为4%的影响,这表明使用LeNET的CIFAR-10数据集的浮点(FP)精度仅下降1%。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of GIDL-assisted Erase by using Surrounded BL PAD Structure for VNAND 利用包围式BL PAD结构改进VNAND的gidl辅助擦除
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/IMW56887.2023.10145963
Suhwan Lim, Samki Kim, Changhee Lee, Hyeongwon Choi, Nambin Kim, Jaehun Jung, Hanvit Yang, Taehyeok Kim, Junhee Lim, Daewon Ha, Sunghoi Hur, J. Jang, Y. Shin, J. Song
We propose a novel structure to enhance transverse band-to-band tunneling (T-BTBT) for the erase scheme assisted by gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) to improve the erase speed of high density vertical NAND (VNAND). In order to increase the GIDL current, we adopt the structure, in which the bit-line PAD (BL PAD) is surrounded by the GIDL transistors, to the top part of the VNAND memory string. In this structure, the $n^{+}-$doped region called the BL PAD is pulled down so that its bottom is placed below the bottom of the first GIDL transistor and the gate-to-drain overlap area is increased. Furthermore, the $n^{+}-$doped poly-Si region of the BL PAD is covered with the undoped poly-Si layer to reduce the n type doping concentration in the overlap region between the BL PAD and GIDL transistor. Thus, the depletion region is formed between the $n^{+}-$doped BL PAD and undoped channel poly-Si regions. Then, in contrast to the conventional structure where the longitudinal BTBT (L-BTBT) current dominates, the TBTBT current occurs in such a depletion region and becomes the dominant GIDL current. The proposed structure on a VNAND device array is experimentally verified, and we obtain the GIDL current which is 5 times larger than that in VNAND to which the conventional ion implantation structure applied. Such a large GIDL current is suitable even for VNAND with more than 1000 layers of word line stacked.
为了提高高密度垂直NAND (VNAND)的擦除速度,我们提出了一种新的结构来增强栅极诱发漏漏(GIDL)辅助擦除方案的横向带对带隧道(t - tbbt)。为了增加GIDL电流,我们采用了位线PAD (BL PAD)被GIDL晶体管包围到VNAND存储器串顶部的结构。在这种结构中,被称为BL PAD的$n^{+}-$掺杂区域被拉下,使其底部位于第一个GIDL晶体管底部下方,栅极-漏极重叠面积增加。此外,在BL PAD的n^{+}-$掺杂多晶硅区域被未掺杂多晶硅层覆盖,以降低BL PAD与GIDL晶体管重叠区域的n型掺杂浓度。因此,在$n^{+}-$掺杂的BL - PAD和未掺杂的多晶硅沟道区之间形成了耗尽区。然后,与传统的纵向BTBT (L-BTBT)电流占主导地位的结构相反,TBTBT电流发生在这样的耗尽区,并成为主导的GIDL电流。实验验证了该结构在VNAND器件阵列上的作用,并获得了比传统离子注入结构在VNAND上的作用大5倍的GIDL电流。如此大的GIDL电流甚至适用于具有超过1000层字线堆叠的VNAND。
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引用次数: 0
Design of Ferroelectric-Metal Field-Effect Transistor for Multi-Level-Cell 3D NAND Flash 用于多电平单元3D NAND闪存的铁电-金属场效应晶体管设计
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/IMW56887.2023.10145961
Sola Woo, Gihun Choe, A. Khan, S. Datta, Shimeng Yu
Ferroelectric-metal field-effect transistor (FeMFET) based three-dimensional NAND architecture (3D NAND) is investigated for multi-level cell (MLC) operation. The FeMFET with a gate-stack of metal-ferroelectric-metal-insulatorsemiconductor (MFMIS) is used for improving memory window to $1.60mathrm{~V}$ and alleviating variability caused by ferroelectric phase variation for MLC operation. In addition, the read-out current is examined by increasing the vertical gate-stack from 256-layer to 512-layer using page buffer circuit for sensing operation. Leveraging TCAD modeling and SPICE simulation, we demonstrate that FeMFET-based 3D NAND can operate 512-layer with sufficient sense margin for MLC operation.
研究了基于铁电-金属场效应晶体管(FeMFET)的三维NAND结构(3D NAND)在多级单元(MLC)中的应用。采用金属-铁电-金属-绝缘体半导体(MFMIS)栅极堆叠的FeMFET可将记忆窗口提高到$1.60mathrm{~V}$,并减轻了MLC工作中铁电相位变化引起的可变性。此外,通过使用页缓冲电路进行传感操作,将垂直栅极堆栈从256层增加到512层来检查读出电流。利用TCAD建模和SPICE仿真,我们证明了基于femfet的3D NAND可以工作512层,并且具有足够的MLC操作感裕度。
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引用次数: 0
Analog Tuning of Floating-Gate Cells with Sub-Elementary Charge Accuracy for In-Memory Computing Applications 内存计算应用中具有亚基本电荷精度的浮栅单元模拟调谐
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/IMW56887.2023.10145932
Y. Tkachev, S. Lemke, L. Schneider, G. Festes, P. Ghazavi
The process of ESF3 memory cell analog tuning for neuromorphic applications was studied with a single-electron accuracy. It was experimentally shown that the number of electrons injected to the floating gate during incremental programming pulses follows Poisson distribution, which sets a fundamental limit for the minimum width of the tuned cell current/threshold voltage distributions. The new method for analog tuning, based on capacitive coupling, allows one to override the electron charge granularity limitation, and to achieve the sub-elementary charge tuning accuracy.
以单电子精度研究了ESF3记忆细胞模拟调谐的过程。实验结果表明,在增量编程脉冲过程中,注入浮栅的电子数服从泊松分布,这为调谐后的电池电流/阈值电压分布的最小宽度设定了基本限制。基于电容耦合的模拟调谐新方法可以克服电子电荷粒度的限制,实现亚基本电荷调谐精度。
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引用次数: 0
Voltage Control of Magnetism: Low-Power Spintronics 磁的电压控制:低功率自旋电子学
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/IMW56887.2023.10145821
Astha Khandelwal, R. Chopdekar, Akash Surampalli, K. Tiwari, Naveen Negi, A. Kalitsov, L. Wan, J. Katine, Derek Stewart, T. Santos, Yen-Lin Huang, R. Ramesh, B. Prasad
Conventional spintronics-based memory devices use an electrical current in elegant ways to control the direction and dynamics of electrons’ spin, yet at higher energy cost and lower device endurance. Therefore, keeping pace with the growing demand for faster, smaller, and ultra-low-power electronic devices, research in the field of voltage control of magnetism has intensified recently with the promises to deliver ultra-low-power operating non-volatile memory solutions for next-generation computing systems. Here, we present our recent efforts in voltage-controlled magnetism via different approaches; voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA), voltage-controlled exchange coupling (VCEC), and multiferroic-based magnetoelectric coupling (MEC) for spintronics applications. These studies yielded several new findings. Large tunability of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) has been achieved with the insertion of the Pt layer at the MgO/Ferromagnet interface. The modulation of the interlayer exchange coupling with the Ru spacer layer has been demonstrated by using non-ionic liquid gating such as MgO. Besides this, we have also shown the modulation of the magnetism by utilizing the magneto-electric coupling effect in a bismuth ferrite-based multiferroic system. These efforts provide several routes to modulate the resistance states of spintronic devices at low power and bring forth a vast playground to develop next-generation energy-efficient computing devices.
传统的基于自旋电子学的存储设备以一种优雅的方式使用电流来控制电子自旋的方向和动力学,但能量成本较高,设备耐用性较低。因此,为了跟上对更快、更小、超低功耗电子设备不断增长的需求,磁性电压控制领域的研究最近加强了,承诺为下一代计算系统提供超低功耗操作非易失性存储器解决方案。在这里,我们通过不同的方法介绍了我们最近在电压控制磁性方面的努力;压控磁各向异性(VCMA)、压控交换耦合(VCEC)和多铁性磁电耦合(MEC)在自旋电子学中的应用。这些研究产生了一些新的发现。在MgO/铁磁体界面处插入Pt层,实现了垂直磁各向异性(PMA)的大可调性。利用非离子液体门控(如MgO)证明了层间交换耦合与Ru间隔层的调制作用。此外,我们还展示了在铋铁氧体基多铁性体系中利用磁电耦合效应对磁性的调制。这些努力提供了几种途径来调制自旋电子器件在低功率下的电阻状态,并为开发下一代节能计算设备提供了广阔的平台。
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引用次数: 0
SONOS Embedded Flash IP Using Trap-Depth-Controlled SiN Film Enabling Data Retention more than 10 years at 200°C SONOS嵌入式Flash IP使用陷阱深度控制的SiN薄膜,可在200°C下保持数据超过10年
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/IMW56887.2023.10145990
Y. Taniguchi, Shoji Yoshida, Teruhiko Egashira, ChihBin Kuo, Yi-Da Shie, YuChun Wang, ChenYu Huang, Tsuyoshi Tamatsu, Keiji Okamoto, Masanobu Hishiki, Yasushi Sasaki, Fukuo Owada, Nobuhiko Ito, Y. Shinagawa, ChihMing Kuo, S. Noda, Toshikazu Matsui, Kosuke Okuyama
We introduce a cost-effective, reliable and energy-efficient embedded-flash memory IP for IoT, industry, and automotive. A Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon (SONOS)type memory is embedded on 130BCD+ process platform with only three additional mask steps. Performance including qualification has been checked as expected at TSMC. By applying trapdepth-controlled SiN film to the SONOS memory, data storage more than 10 years at 200oC is achieved.
我们为物联网、工业和汽车领域推出了一款经济高效、可靠节能的嵌入式闪存IP。一个二氧化硅-氮化氧化物-硅(SONOS)型存储器嵌入在130BCD+工艺平台上,只有三个额外的掩模步骤。在台积电已按预期检查了包括资格在内的业绩。通过将陷阱深度控制的SiN薄膜应用于SONOS存储器,可以在200℃下实现10年以上的数据存储。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive Study of Endurance Fatigue in the Scaled Si FeFET by in-situ Vth Measurement and Endurance Enhancement Strategy 基于原位Vth测量和增强策略的尺度硅场效应管持久疲劳综合研究
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/IMW56887.2023.10145966
Xianzhou Shao, Junshuai Chai, Min Liao, Jiahui Duan, Fengbin Tian, Xiaoyu Ke, Xiaoqing Sun, Hao Xu, J. Xiang, Xiaolei Wang, Wenwu Wang
The endurance degradation mechanism in Si FeFET has attracted great research interest. However, the reports mainly focused on large-scale devices, owing to the external current measurement limitations of modern equipment. In this work, we study the endurance degradation mechanism in the scaled n-FeFET by in-situ Vth measurement to overcome the size limitation. We find that excess electron injection rather than hole injection plays a key role in the charge trapping behavior. As the endurance cycles increase, the Vth after the program pulse positively shifts due to less electron de-trapping. The Vth after erase pulse negatively shifts due to more hole trapping when the Vg changes from -1V to -4V and no hole de-trapping occurs when the Vg changes from -4V to 0 V. The donor trap generation and hole trapping are the dominant factors of endurance failure in the scaled nFeFET.
硅效应场效应管的耐久性退化机制引起了广泛的研究兴趣。然而,由于现代设备的外部电流测量限制,报告主要集中在大型设备上。在这项工作中,我们通过原位Vth测量来研究缩放n- ffet的持久退化机制,以克服尺寸限制。我们发现多余的电子注入而不是空穴注入在电荷捕获行为中起关键作用。随着持续周期的增加,程序脉冲后的Vth由于较少的电子脱陷而正移位。当Vg从-1V变化到-4V时,由于更多的空穴捕获,擦除脉冲后的Vth负移动,而当Vg从-4V变化到0 V时,没有空穴捕获发生。供体陷阱的产生和空穴陷阱是影响尺度非场效应管持久失效的主要因素。
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引用次数: 0
Proposal of P-Channel FE NAND with High Drain Current and Feasible Disturbance for Next Generation 3D NAND 新一代3D NAND高漏极电流和可行扰动的p通道FE NAND的提出
Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1109/IMW56887.2023.10145967
Song-Hyeon Kuk, Jaehoon Han, Bong-Ho Kim, Junpyo Kim, Sang-Hyeon Kim
Recently the demand for higher drain current and scalable gate stack thickness arises for next-generation 3D NAND flash, due to the physical limit of cells and stacked layers over 1,000. While the N-channel ferroelectric field-effect-transistor (n-FEFET) has been studied to overcome the limit, it brings the critical reliability issue due to parasitic electron trapping during the program and read, which degrades retention, endurance and induces disturbance and cell failure. We show the feasibility of 2-bit multi-level-cell (MLC) p-channel FEFET (p-FEFET) for (embedded) NAND flash memory application. P-FEFET intrinsically has higher on-current than n-FEFET. It is due to the absence of hole trapping, which leads to ferroelectric charge boosting at the channel. Other properties (retention, disturbance, etc) also show that p-FEFET has remarkably improved electrical characteristics when it is targeted for NAND flash, rather than nFEFET. Finally, we propose a strategy for engineering the pFENAND device.
最近,由于单元和堆叠层的物理限制超过1000,下一代3D NAND闪存对更高漏极电流和可扩展栅极堆栈厚度的需求出现了。虽然n沟道铁电场效应晶体管(n-FEFET)的研究已经克服了这一限制,但由于在程序和读取过程中寄生电子捕获,它带来了关键的可靠性问题,这降低了保留性,耐用性,并引起干扰和电池失效。我们展示了2位多电平单元(MLC) p通道ffet (p- ffet)用于(嵌入式)NAND闪存应用的可行性。p - ffet本质上具有比n- ffet更高的导通电流。这是由于缺乏空穴捕获,导致铁电电荷在通道处增强。其他特性(保持、扰动等)也表明,当p- ffet用于NAND闪存时,它的电特性显著改善,而不是用于nffet。最后,我们提出了pFENAND器件的工程化策略。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2023 IEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW)
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