Pub Date : 2022-08-19DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2113488
A. Khazaei, F. Golzardi, M. Torabi, M. T. Feyzbakhsh, Ali Azarinasrabad, L. Nazari, Ahmad Ghasemi, M. Mottaghi
ABSTRACT Due to increasing farmers’ attention to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions, it is necessary to introduce new, suitable sorghum cultivars. The present study aimed to evaluate the yield stability of grain sorghum genotypes via AMMI and GGE biplot analyses to identify high-yielding and best adapted genotypes for release in Iran’s warm-temperate regions. Seven promising grain sorghum lines (KGS15, KGS19, KGS23, KGS25, KGS27, KGS32, and KGS36), along with three commercial cultivars (Kimiya, Payam, and Sepideh), were studied in seven regions of Iran (Karaj, Isfahan, Gorgan, Birjand, Shiraz, Zabol, and Hamedan) during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. AMMI analysis showed that genotypes G7, G3, and G6 had the lowest AMMI stability values (ASV). GGE biplot analysis showed that genotype G6 had the highest grain yield (GY) in most environments, whereas genotype G1 was specifically adapted to the Hamedan province. According to the average-environment coordination of the GGE biplot, genotype G6 was the most desirable genotype, significantly better than the second and third best genotypes G4 and G3 (G4 was missed by AMMI). This study also indicated that the GGE biplot method was more effective than the AMMI method in analyzing genotype by environment and identifying superior genotypes. Overall, G6 can be introduced as the superior-most genotype for cultivation in Iran’s warm-temperate regions.
{"title":"GGE biplot vs. AMMI analysis of promising sorghum lines in the warm-temperate regions of Iran","authors":"A. Khazaei, F. Golzardi, M. Torabi, M. T. Feyzbakhsh, Ali Azarinasrabad, L. Nazari, Ahmad Ghasemi, M. Mottaghi","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2113488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2113488","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Due to increasing farmers’ attention to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions, it is necessary to introduce new, suitable sorghum cultivars. The present study aimed to evaluate the yield stability of grain sorghum genotypes via AMMI and GGE biplot analyses to identify high-yielding and best adapted genotypes for release in Iran’s warm-temperate regions. Seven promising grain sorghum lines (KGS15, KGS19, KGS23, KGS25, KGS27, KGS32, and KGS36), along with three commercial cultivars (Kimiya, Payam, and Sepideh), were studied in seven regions of Iran (Karaj, Isfahan, Gorgan, Birjand, Shiraz, Zabol, and Hamedan) during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons. AMMI analysis showed that genotypes G7, G3, and G6 had the lowest AMMI stability values (ASV). GGE biplot analysis showed that genotype G6 had the highest grain yield (GY) in most environments, whereas genotype G1 was specifically adapted to the Hamedan province. According to the average-environment coordination of the GGE biplot, genotype G6 was the most desirable genotype, significantly better than the second and third best genotypes G4 and G3 (G4 was missed by AMMI). This study also indicated that the GGE biplot method was more effective than the AMMI method in analyzing genotype by environment and identifying superior genotypes. Overall, G6 can be introduced as the superior-most genotype for cultivation in Iran’s warm-temperate regions.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"506 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43430276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2108951
Miloud Sabri, K. Habbadi, E. Achbani, R. Benkirane, Kaoutar El handi, Mohamed Ou-zine, T. Benali, T. Elbeaino
ABSTRACT Grapevine crown gall, caused by Allorhizobium vitis (A. vitis) and fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora (E. amylovora) of rosaceous plants, have been recognized as serious bacterial diseases and responsible for major crop losses in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), pear (Pyrus communis L.) and apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) worldwide. To develop an effective biocontrol method against the two bacterial pathogens, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from agricultural irrigation canals were tested as biocontrol agents. Thirty-two bacterial isolates were screened for their in vitro antagonistic activity. Four isolates (MS-1, MS-2, MS-3, and MS-4), identified by partial sequencing of 16S rRNA as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. Jonggajibkimchii, were found to significantly inhibit the growth of A. vitis and E. amylovora in vitro. The biocontrol efficiency of these strains was tested against E. amylovora on immature pear fruits under laboratory conditions, and against A. vitis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and kalanchoe (Kalanchoe daigremontiana) plants, under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that all selected antagonists were able to suppress fire blight disease on immature pear fruits. On tomato plants, the MS-1 and MS-2 strains were able to reduce the A. vitis infection by 82% and 99%, respectively. Similarly, the MS-2 strain reduced gall formation on kalanchoe plants by 99%. We concluded that Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. Jonggajibkimchii strains could serve as a potential biocontrol agent against fire blight and grapevine crown gall diseases.
{"title":"Antagonistic effect of Leuconostoc mesenteroides on grapevine crown gall and fire blight","authors":"Miloud Sabri, K. Habbadi, E. Achbani, R. Benkirane, Kaoutar El handi, Mohamed Ou-zine, T. Benali, T. Elbeaino","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2108951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2108951","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Grapevine crown gall, caused by Allorhizobium vitis (A. vitis) and fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora (E. amylovora) of rosaceous plants, have been recognized as serious bacterial diseases and responsible for major crop losses in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), pear (Pyrus communis L.) and apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) worldwide. To develop an effective biocontrol method against the two bacterial pathogens, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from agricultural irrigation canals were tested as biocontrol agents. Thirty-two bacterial isolates were screened for their in vitro antagonistic activity. Four isolates (MS-1, MS-2, MS-3, and MS-4), identified by partial sequencing of 16S rRNA as Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. Jonggajibkimchii, were found to significantly inhibit the growth of A. vitis and E. amylovora in vitro. The biocontrol efficiency of these strains was tested against E. amylovora on immature pear fruits under laboratory conditions, and against A. vitis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and kalanchoe (Kalanchoe daigremontiana) plants, under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that all selected antagonists were able to suppress fire blight disease on immature pear fruits. On tomato plants, the MS-1 and MS-2 strains were able to reduce the A. vitis infection by 82% and 99%, respectively. Similarly, the MS-2 strain reduced gall formation on kalanchoe plants by 99%. We concluded that Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. Jonggajibkimchii strains could serve as a potential biocontrol agent against fire blight and grapevine crown gall diseases.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"431 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41960966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-22DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2095317
Racheal Grace Nalugo, T. Kaweesi, R. Kawooya, Ephraim Nuwamanya, C. Mugisa, Vivian Namutebi, V. Tumwine, Vereriano Turyahebwa, R. Tumuhimbise
ABSTRACT Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is an important beverage consumed worldwide. In Uganda, it is the second-largest and highly prioritized export crop after coffee and provides the much-needed jobs to more than 800,000 people. Despite its importance in the country, the crop has received very limited research attention for its improvement and optimal utilization. This study was aimed at characterizing existing tea germplasm in Uganda to inform future breeding initiatives for market-preferred tea varieties. Fifty-eight advanced tea clones were randomly selected from the tea germplasm conserved at Uganda’s Tea Research Center in Rwebitaba and analyzed in the laboratory for eight physicochemical descriptors. Hierarchical cluster analysis performed on the 58 clones using Cluster-R package revealed four main clusters, indicating the existence of variation for physicochemical parameters within tested germplasm. This variation can be exploited to select among and/or improve the studied germplasm genetically for quality. High fermentation rate, which is one of the key indicators for good-quality black teas, revealed 15 fast-fermenter tea clones. Clone “UTR12/12” was identified as the most rapid fermenter, fully fermenting within 30 min, which implies a good clone for black tea. The clone also had the highest polyphenol content (26.7%), higher than the high-quality clone “UTR6/8” (control). Other tea clones whose polyphenol content was within the range of the control black tea clone were: “UTR144/10” (20.9%) and ‘UTR144/17, (20.66%). The identified promising black tea clones can be advanced to multi-location trials for further evaluation and selection for eventual variety release as commercial black-tea clones.
{"title":"Physicochemical analysis of Ugandan tea (Camellia sinensis) germplasm reveals potential commercial green and black tea varieties","authors":"Racheal Grace Nalugo, T. Kaweesi, R. Kawooya, Ephraim Nuwamanya, C. Mugisa, Vivian Namutebi, V. Tumwine, Vereriano Turyahebwa, R. Tumuhimbise","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2095317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2095317","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is an important beverage consumed worldwide. In Uganda, it is the second-largest and highly prioritized export crop after coffee and provides the much-needed jobs to more than 800,000 people. Despite its importance in the country, the crop has received very limited research attention for its improvement and optimal utilization. This study was aimed at characterizing existing tea germplasm in Uganda to inform future breeding initiatives for market-preferred tea varieties. Fifty-eight advanced tea clones were randomly selected from the tea germplasm conserved at Uganda’s Tea Research Center in Rwebitaba and analyzed in the laboratory for eight physicochemical descriptors. Hierarchical cluster analysis performed on the 58 clones using Cluster-R package revealed four main clusters, indicating the existence of variation for physicochemical parameters within tested germplasm. This variation can be exploited to select among and/or improve the studied germplasm genetically for quality. High fermentation rate, which is one of the key indicators for good-quality black teas, revealed 15 fast-fermenter tea clones. Clone “UTR12/12” was identified as the most rapid fermenter, fully fermenting within 30 min, which implies a good clone for black tea. The clone also had the highest polyphenol content (26.7%), higher than the high-quality clone “UTR6/8” (control). Other tea clones whose polyphenol content was within the range of the control black tea clone were: “UTR144/10” (20.9%) and ‘UTR144/17, (20.66%). The identified promising black tea clones can be advanced to multi-location trials for further evaluation and selection for eventual variety release as commercial black-tea clones.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"341 - 360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41963872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2101572
J. Adigun, V. Olowe, O. Adeyemi, O. Pitan, Ifeoluwa Rachael Adeosun, A. R. Popoola, O. Daramola, Oluwaseyi Ayodeji Ajani
ABSTRACT Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) production in Nigeria is limited mainly due to weed and insect infestations. The effects of insecticide spray regime and weed control on the productivity of cowpea were evaluated in the early and late seasons of 2020. Two insecticide sprays produced increased growth and yield in the late cropping season. However, in the early cropping season, optimum growth and yield of cowpea were obtained with four insecticide sprays. Regardless of the cropping season, preemergence (PRE) application of metolachlor or propaben plus manual weeding (MW) provided 71–80% reduction in weed density and biomass and resulted in cowpea growth and yields similar to the weed-free control. In the late season, two MWs resulted in cowpea growth and yield similar to the weed-free control. However, in the early season treatment, two MWs resulted in 51% lower yield than the weed-free control. The results showed that four insecticide sprays in the early cropping season or two insecticidal sprays in the late cropping season integrated with metolachlor or propaben application plus MW improved the productivity of cowpea.
豇豆(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)在尼日利亚的生产受到限制，主要是由于杂草和昆虫的侵害。在2020年早、晚两季分别评价了不同杀虫剂喷洒制度和杂草防治对豇豆产量的影响。两种杀虫剂喷雾在种植季后期都提高了生长和产量。然而，在早期种植季节，四种杀虫剂喷雾对豇豆的生长和产量都是最佳的。无论种植季节如何，苗期前施用异丙甲草胺或丙苯醚加人工除草可使豇豆的杂草密度和生物量减少71-80%，其生长和产量与无杂草控制相似。在季末，两个MWs使豇豆的生长和产量与无杂草对照相似。然而，在季初处理中，2 MWs导致产量比无草对照低51%。结果表明，早茬4次或晚茬2次杀虫与异丙甲草胺或丙苯醚配合施用MW可提高豇豆的产量。
{"title":"Influence of insecticide spray regime and weed management methods on growth and yield of cowpea","authors":"J. Adigun, V. Olowe, O. Adeyemi, O. Pitan, Ifeoluwa Rachael Adeosun, A. R. Popoola, O. Daramola, Oluwaseyi Ayodeji Ajani","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2101572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2101572","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) production in Nigeria is limited mainly due to weed and insect infestations. The effects of insecticide spray regime and weed control on the productivity of cowpea were evaluated in the early and late seasons of 2020. Two insecticide sprays produced increased growth and yield in the late cropping season. However, in the early cropping season, optimum growth and yield of cowpea were obtained with four insecticide sprays. Regardless of the cropping season, preemergence (PRE) application of metolachlor or propaben plus manual weeding (MW) provided 71–80% reduction in weed density and biomass and resulted in cowpea growth and yields similar to the weed-free control. In the late season, two MWs resulted in cowpea growth and yield similar to the weed-free control. However, in the early season treatment, two MWs resulted in 51% lower yield than the weed-free control. The results showed that four insecticide sprays in the early cropping season or two insecticidal sprays in the late cropping season integrated with metolachlor or propaben application plus MW improved the productivity of cowpea.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"417 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43983381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2098217
Kurt Wedegaertner, A. Shekoofa, Kendall Sheldon, Joaquín Simón, T. Raper
ABSTRACT Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is often grown in climates of intermittent drought conditions. Plants that limit transpiration rates (TRs) when initially exposed to water-deficit stress will preserve water for use later during critical growth stages. Two traits resulting in conservative TRs are TR limitations under soil drying and high vapor pressure deficit (VPD, >2.5 kPa). The objective of this study was to assess the performance of four contrasting cotton cultivars and their TRs under induced water stresses. Three studies were conducted to test (i) the early stomatal closure under soil drying in a greenhouse, (ii) the TR to varying VPD levels in a growth chamber, and (iii) the stomatal conductance (gs), wilting score, specific leaf area (SLA), relative water content (RWC), and yield in an extreme field environment. Significant differences in the fraction of transpirable soil water threshold (FTSW threshold) were detected among cultivars in the greenhouse. The FTSW threshold among cultivars ranged from 0.29 to 0.39. Under varying VPD levels, only PHY 400 W3FE expressed a limited TR (TRlim) with increasing VPD at 1.6 kPa. In the field study, differences in gs, wilting score, RWC, SLA, and lint yield were observed among cultivars within the water limited treatments (i.e. rainout and rainfed). PHY 400 W3FE had the lowest wilting score compared to other cultivars. Under the rainout treatment, PHY 400 W3FE yielded 37% higher than PHY 500 W3FE. Results indicate a trend in water saving potential among cotton cultivars, given the differences in their TR sensitivity to water-deficit stress conditions.
{"title":"Screening cotton cultivars under induced water-deficit stress in controlled environments and field settings: expression of drought tolerance traits","authors":"Kurt Wedegaertner, A. Shekoofa, Kendall Sheldon, Joaquín Simón, T. Raper","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2098217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2098217","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is often grown in climates of intermittent drought conditions. Plants that limit transpiration rates (TRs) when initially exposed to water-deficit stress will preserve water for use later during critical growth stages. Two traits resulting in conservative TRs are TR limitations under soil drying and high vapor pressure deficit (VPD, >2.5 kPa). The objective of this study was to assess the performance of four contrasting cotton cultivars and their TRs under induced water stresses. Three studies were conducted to test (i) the early stomatal closure under soil drying in a greenhouse, (ii) the TR to varying VPD levels in a growth chamber, and (iii) the stomatal conductance (gs), wilting score, specific leaf area (SLA), relative water content (RWC), and yield in an extreme field environment. Significant differences in the fraction of transpirable soil water threshold (FTSW threshold) were detected among cultivars in the greenhouse. The FTSW threshold among cultivars ranged from 0.29 to 0.39. Under varying VPD levels, only PHY 400 W3FE expressed a limited TR (TRlim) with increasing VPD at 1.6 kPa. In the field study, differences in gs, wilting score, RWC, SLA, and lint yield were observed among cultivars within the water limited treatments (i.e. rainout and rainfed). PHY 400 W3FE had the lowest wilting score compared to other cultivars. Under the rainout treatment, PHY 400 W3FE yielded 37% higher than PHY 500 W3FE. Results indicate a trend in water saving potential among cotton cultivars, given the differences in their TR sensitivity to water-deficit stress conditions.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"395 - 416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49507859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2096164
Richard Mantlo Ngwepe, H. Shimelis, J. Mashilo, A. Shayanowako
ABSTRACT Profiling the genetic diversity of germplasm collections is fundamental for selection programs and strategic conservation. Citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides [L.H. Bailey] Mansf. ex Greb.) is an under-researched cucurbit crop despite providing food and nutritional security in sub-Saharan Africa. There is limited information on genetic relationships of South African citron watermelon accessions for effective breeding. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of genetic diversity among 48 South African citron watermelon landrace accessions using selected simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to identify genetically divergent accessions for trait integration and variety development. The SSR markers amplified a total of 24 alleles, with a mean expected heterozygosity value of 0.38, indicating moderate genetic diversity among the studied accessions. The mean polymorphic information content value of 0.21 indicated low discriminatory power of the SSR markers. Analysis of molecular variance attributed 8%, 75%, and 17% of the molecular variation between populations, among accessions and within accessions, respectively. Three distinctive genetic groups were identified based on cluster analysis, which aided the selection of genetically diverse citron watermelon accessions for breeding and cultivar development.
种质资源遗传多样性分析是种质资源选择和战略性保护的基础。香橼西瓜(Citrullus lanatus var. citroides贝利Mansf。尽管在撒哈拉以南非洲提供了粮食和营养安全，但瓜类作物是一种研究不足的作物。关于南非香橼西瓜种质资源遗传关系的信息有限，无法进行有效育种。本研究的目的是利用SSR标记确定48份南非香橼西瓜地方品种的遗传多样性程度，以鉴定性状整合和品种发育的遗传差异材料。SSR标记共扩增出24个等位基因，平均期望杂合度为0.38，表明所研究材料的遗传多样性中等。平均多态性信息含量值为0.21，表明SSR标记的鉴别力较低。分子变异分析分别占居群间、种间和种内分子变异的8%、75%和17%。通过聚类分析，鉴定出3个不同的遗传类群，为遗传多样性的柑桔西瓜选育和品种开发提供了依据。
{"title":"Characterization of genetic diversity of citron watermelon landrace accessions of South Africa through simple sequence repeat markers","authors":"Richard Mantlo Ngwepe, H. Shimelis, J. Mashilo, A. Shayanowako","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2096164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2096164","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Profiling the genetic diversity of germplasm collections is fundamental for selection programs and strategic conservation. Citron watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides [L.H. Bailey] Mansf. ex Greb.) is an under-researched cucurbit crop despite providing food and nutritional security in sub-Saharan Africa. There is limited information on genetic relationships of South African citron watermelon accessions for effective breeding. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of genetic diversity among 48 South African citron watermelon landrace accessions using selected simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to identify genetically divergent accessions for trait integration and variety development. The SSR markers amplified a total of 24 alleles, with a mean expected heterozygosity value of 0.38, indicating moderate genetic diversity among the studied accessions. The mean polymorphic information content value of 0.21 indicated low discriminatory power of the SSR markers. Analysis of molecular variance attributed 8%, 75%, and 17% of the molecular variation between populations, among accessions and within accessions, respectively. Three distinctive genetic groups were identified based on cluster analysis, which aided the selection of genetically diverse citron watermelon accessions for breeding and cultivar development.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"378 - 394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41557461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2095685
Mohamed Kouighat, H. Hanine, Mohamed El Fechtali, A. Nabloussi
ABSTRACT Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a tropical oilseed crop that is also cultivated in arid and semi-arid environments, where drought occurs frequently. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of some sesame mutants, developed by our team through EMS-mutagenesis in 2020, under well-watered conditions and restricted irrigation by analyzing certain morphological, physiological, and agronomic attributes. The experiment was conducted in pots under field conditions according to a completely randomized design with three replications. The stress was simulated by suspending and reducing irrigation to 50% of the control, from the beginning of flowering until the appearance of the first capsule. The results showed variation attributable to genotypes, water regimes and their interaction was significant for all parameters studied, except the number of seeds per capsule. The mutants “ML2-5”, “ML2-72” and “ML2-37” were found to be the most tolerant to drought, exhibiting lowest stress sensitivity index and highest seed yield were associated with higher proline content in the leaves, more developed root system, higher chlorophyll content, and higher stomatal conductance than the rest of the mutants studied. This is the first report of sesame mutant lines with such high tolerance to drought during flowering. They could be used for developing high-performing cultivars with tolerance to drought during the flowering stage. The number of capsules per plant and stomatal conductance can be considered selection criteria to improve water-stress tolerance in sesame.
{"title":"Assessment of some sesame mutants under normal and water-stress conditions","authors":"Mohamed Kouighat, H. Hanine, Mohamed El Fechtali, A. Nabloussi","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2095685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2095685","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a tropical oilseed crop that is also cultivated in arid and semi-arid environments, where drought occurs frequently. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of some sesame mutants, developed by our team through EMS-mutagenesis in 2020, under well-watered conditions and restricted irrigation by analyzing certain morphological, physiological, and agronomic attributes. The experiment was conducted in pots under field conditions according to a completely randomized design with three replications. The stress was simulated by suspending and reducing irrigation to 50% of the control, from the beginning of flowering until the appearance of the first capsule. The results showed variation attributable to genotypes, water regimes and their interaction was significant for all parameters studied, except the number of seeds per capsule. The mutants “ML2-5”, “ML2-72” and “ML2-37” were found to be the most tolerant to drought, exhibiting lowest stress sensitivity index and highest seed yield were associated with higher proline content in the leaves, more developed root system, higher chlorophyll content, and higher stomatal conductance than the rest of the mutants studied. This is the first report of sesame mutant lines with such high tolerance to drought during flowering. They could be used for developing high-performing cultivars with tolerance to drought during the flowering stage. The number of capsules per plant and stomatal conductance can be considered selection criteria to improve water-stress tolerance in sesame.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"361 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42675278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2093809
R. Sorensen, M. Lamb, C. Butts
ABSTRACT Planting crop rows closer to a drip line water source should result in increased seed development, greater crop yield, and possible water savings and may reduce seeding rate without affecting yield, resulting in lower seed costs. This research documents the yield response of corn, cotton, and peanut planted in two crop row spacings (0.76 and 0.91 m), at two seeding rates (1× and 0.5×), at four locations, and two irrigation systems (sprinkler and drip). Crops were managed using best management practices for maximum yield. Irrigation events were scheduled to minimize soil water stress. There was no yield response across all crops, locations, or irrigation systems for 0.76 versus 0.91-m crop row spacing. The 0.5× seeding rate in drip irrigation and across all sites reduced corn yield and revenue by an average 1572 kg/ha and $-94/ha, respectively. The 0.5× seeding rate in drip irrigation did not decrease yield in cotton or peanut and revenue above seed cost averaged $16 and $95/ha, respectively. It should be noted that in cotton and peanut, the 0.5× seeding rate may impose a greater risk for yield loss due to low germination due to drought (cotton) and increased disease (peanut). In conclusion, moving the seed row closer to a drip lateral had no effect on yield and using 0.5× seeding rates for these crops may not always be economical.
{"title":"Corn, cotton, and peanut response to row spacing, seeding rate, and irrigation system","authors":"R. Sorensen, M. Lamb, C. Butts","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2093809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2093809","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Planting crop rows closer to a drip line water source should result in increased seed development, greater crop yield, and possible water savings and may reduce seeding rate without affecting yield, resulting in lower seed costs. This research documents the yield response of corn, cotton, and peanut planted in two crop row spacings (0.76 and 0.91 m), at two seeding rates (1× and 0.5×), at four locations, and two irrigation systems (sprinkler and drip). Crops were managed using best management practices for maximum yield. Irrigation events were scheduled to minimize soil water stress. There was no yield response across all crops, locations, or irrigation systems for 0.76 versus 0.91-m crop row spacing. The 0.5× seeding rate in drip irrigation and across all sites reduced corn yield and revenue by an average 1572 kg/ha and $-94/ha, respectively. The 0.5× seeding rate in drip irrigation did not decrease yield in cotton or peanut and revenue above seed cost averaged $16 and $95/ha, respectively. It should be noted that in cotton and peanut, the 0.5× seeding rate may impose a greater risk for yield loss due to low germination due to drought (cotton) and increased disease (peanut). In conclusion, moving the seed row closer to a drip lateral had no effect on yield and using 0.5× seeding rates for these crops may not always be economical.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"323 - 340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47032785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2092573
T. K. Tengey, S. Alidu, Amina Moro, J. Nboyine, Emmanuel Israel Affram
ABSTRACT Callosobruchus maculatus is an important field-to-store pest that causes close to 100% losses in stored produce. This study aimed at assessing the resistance of cowpea genotypes to C. maculatus infestation. Thirteen cowpea advanced breeding lines pre-selected on the basis of their high grain yield, and three released varieties (Padi-tuya, Kirkhouse Benga and Wangkae) were evaluated in a no-choice experiment. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with four replications under laboratory conditions. Data were collected on mean number of eggs per seed (MEPS), days to first emergence (DFE), adult bruchid emergence (ABE), percentage weight loss (PWL), percentage seed damage (PSD) and median development period (MDP). Dobie’s susceptibility index (DSI) was computed and used to classify the genotypes as resistant or susceptible. Significant differences were found among the genotypes for the measured traits, except for DFE and MDP. IT13K-1070-2 had the lowest MEPS, ABE, PWL and PSD. C. maculatus, with high ABE, developed best on Kirkhouse Benga and Wangkae. Wangkae had 100% seed damage at the end of the experiment. Based on the DSI score, IT13K-1070-2 was found to be moderately resistant; the rest of the genotypes were susceptible. Among the susceptible genotypes, IT10K-817-3, IT07K-303-1, SARI-2-50-80, SARI-3-11-100, IT10K-837-1, IT13K-1424-12 and SARVX-09-004 had PWL of less than 16%, indicating tolerance to bruchid infestation. DSI was significantly and positively correlated with ABE (r = 0.81), PSD (r = 0.93) and PWL (r = 0.79). DSI had a significant negative correlation with the final seed weight (r = −0.83). IT13K-1070-2 could serve as a useful source of resistance to the cowpea bruchid in cowpea breeding programs or released as a variety for cultivation.
{"title":"Resistance to Callosobruchus maculatus among cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) genotypes","authors":"T. K. Tengey, S. Alidu, Amina Moro, J. Nboyine, Emmanuel Israel Affram","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2092573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2092573","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Callosobruchus maculatus is an important field-to-store pest that causes close to 100% losses in stored produce. This study aimed at assessing the resistance of cowpea genotypes to C. maculatus infestation. Thirteen cowpea advanced breeding lines pre-selected on the basis of their high grain yield, and three released varieties (Padi-tuya, Kirkhouse Benga and Wangkae) were evaluated in a no-choice experiment. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with four replications under laboratory conditions. Data were collected on mean number of eggs per seed (MEPS), days to first emergence (DFE), adult bruchid emergence (ABE), percentage weight loss (PWL), percentage seed damage (PSD) and median development period (MDP). Dobie’s susceptibility index (DSI) was computed and used to classify the genotypes as resistant or susceptible. Significant differences were found among the genotypes for the measured traits, except for DFE and MDP. IT13K-1070-2 had the lowest MEPS, ABE, PWL and PSD. C. maculatus, with high ABE, developed best on Kirkhouse Benga and Wangkae. Wangkae had 100% seed damage at the end of the experiment. Based on the DSI score, IT13K-1070-2 was found to be moderately resistant; the rest of the genotypes were susceptible. Among the susceptible genotypes, IT10K-817-3, IT07K-303-1, SARI-2-50-80, SARI-3-11-100, IT10K-837-1, IT13K-1424-12 and SARVX-09-004 had PWL of less than 16%, indicating tolerance to bruchid infestation. DSI was significantly and positively correlated with ABE (r = 0.81), PSD (r = 0.93) and PWL (r = 0.79). DSI had a significant negative correlation with the final seed weight (r = −0.83). IT13K-1070-2 could serve as a useful source of resistance to the cowpea bruchid in cowpea breeding programs or released as a variety for cultivation.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"309 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47205380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-22DOI: 10.1080/15427528.2022.2087127
Waltram Ravelombola, J. Cason, S. Tallury, A. Manley, H. Pham
ABSTRACT Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is valued at $1.28 billion annually in the USA. The sting nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, is an ectoparasitic pathogen that can devastate peanut production. Breeding for resistance to this pathogen is one of the most affordable ways to limit its damaging effects on peanut. The use of molecular tools can further accelerate the development of sting nematode-resistant cultivars. The objectives of this study were to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with sting nematode resistance in peanuts using publicly available datasets and to assess the accuracy of genomic selection in predicting the resistance to sting nematode. SNP discovery was conducted using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a peanut panel consisting of 775 USDA accessions, which were phenotyped for sting nematode resistance. GWAS was conducted using 13,306 filtered SNPs, run in TASSEL with three different statistical models. Results showed that (1) a total of 9, 13, 18, 2, and 4 SNPs, respectively, were found to be associated with sting nematode resistance using the single-marker regression, generalized linear model (PCA), generalized linear model (Q), and mixed linear model (PCA), and mixed linear model (Q), respectively; (2) two SNPs overlapped among the models; and (3) genomic selection was higher when the SNPs from GWAS were used to fit the model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on SNP markers associated with and genomic selection for sting nematode resistance in peanuts. These results can be used to develop a molecular breeding strategy to select for sting nematode resistance in peanuts.
{"title":"Genome-wide association study and genomic selection for sting nematode resistance in peanut using the USDA public data","authors":"Waltram Ravelombola, J. Cason, S. Tallury, A. Manley, H. Pham","doi":"10.1080/15427528.2022.2087127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2022.2087127","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is valued at $1.28 billion annually in the USA. The sting nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, is an ectoparasitic pathogen that can devastate peanut production. Breeding for resistance to this pathogen is one of the most affordable ways to limit its damaging effects on peanut. The use of molecular tools can further accelerate the development of sting nematode-resistant cultivars. The objectives of this study were to identify single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers associated with sting nematode resistance in peanuts using publicly available datasets and to assess the accuracy of genomic selection in predicting the resistance to sting nematode. SNP discovery was conducted using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a peanut panel consisting of 775 USDA accessions, which were phenotyped for sting nematode resistance. GWAS was conducted using 13,306 filtered SNPs, run in TASSEL with three different statistical models. Results showed that (1) a total of 9, 13, 18, 2, and 4 SNPs, respectively, were found to be associated with sting nematode resistance using the single-marker regression, generalized linear model (PCA), generalized linear model (Q), and mixed linear model (PCA), and mixed linear model (Q), respectively; (2) two SNPs overlapped among the models; and (3) genomic selection was higher when the SNPs from GWAS were used to fit the model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on SNP markers associated with and genomic selection for sting nematode resistance in peanuts. These results can be used to develop a molecular breeding strategy to select for sting nematode resistance in peanuts.","PeriodicalId":15468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Crop Improvement","volume":"37 1","pages":"273 - 290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45549111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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